The Bronze Horseman analysis of the work. Pushkin A.S.
In 1833, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin had already given up hopes for the enlightened reign of Nicholas I, when he presented his reflections on the fate of the people and the Pugachev rebellion in his novel The Captain's Daughter, when he traveled through all of Russia to Orenburg. As a result, he retires to the estate of his wife Boldin to gather his thoughts, where he creates a poem « Bronze Horseman» , which he dedicates to the reformer Peter the Great. Pushkin calls his work "Petersburg story" (in drafts - "sorrowful story" and "sad legend") and insists that "the incident described in this story is based on the truth."
In The Bronze Horseman, Pushkin poses two of the most pressing questions of his time: about social contradictions and about the future of the country. To do this, he shows the past, present and future of Russia as an inseparable whole. The impetus for the creation of the poem can be considered Pushkin's acquaintance with the third part of the poem by the Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz "Dzyady", in the appendix to which there was a poetic cycle "Petersburg".
It included the poem "Monument to Peter the Great" and a few more verses containing the most severe criticism of Nikolaev Russia. Mickiewicz hated autocracy and had a sharply negative attitude towards Peter I, whom he considered the founder of modern Russian statehood, and he calls the monument to him "a block of tyranny."
The Russian poet opposed his philosophy of history in The Bronze Horseman to the views of the Polish poet. Pushkin's interest in the Peter the Great era was enormous. He appreciated the progressive activity of Peter, but the image of the king emerges in two ways: on the one hand, he is a reformer, on the other, an autocratic king, forcing him to obey with a whip and a stick.
Deep in content, the poem "The Bronze Horseman" was created in the shortest time- from 6 to 31 October 1833. The plot revolves around Eugene, a poor official who challenged the statue of the emperor - the founder of St. Petersburg. This audacity of the “little man” is explained by the shock that the hero experienced when, after the flood in St. Petersburg, he lost his bride Parasha, who ended up in the flood zone.
All the events described in the poem unfold around the main characters: there are two of them - a petty official Eugene and Tsar Peter I. The introduction to the poem is a detailed exposition to the image of Peter: this is also a clarification historical role sovereign, and a description of his activities. The theme of the glorification of Peter in the introduction is imbued with faith in the future of Russia, it sounds pathetic. The beginning of the first part sounds just as solemnly, where the poet glorifies the young “city of Petrov”.
But next to the sovereign is a poor official, dreaming of the ordinary - of a family and modest prosperity. Unlike other “little” people (Vyrin from or Bashmachkin from The Overcoat), the drama of Yevgeny in The Bronze Horseman lies in the fact that his personal fate is drawn into the cycle of history and is connected with the entire course of the historical process in Russia. As a result, Eugene confronts Tsar Peter.
The flood is the central episode of the work. The meaning of the flood is the rebellion of nature against the creation of Peter. The furious anger of the rebellious elements is powerless to destroy the city of Peter, but this becomes a disaster for the social lower classes of St. Petersburg. Therefore, rebellious feelings awaken in Eugene, and he throws a reproach to heaven, which created a person too powerless. Later, having lost his beloved, Eugene goes crazy.
A year later, during the same rainy season as before the flood of 1824, Eugene recalls everything he experienced and sees on "Peter's Square" the culprit of all his misfortunes - Peter. Saving Russia, Peter reared her over the abyss and by his own will founded a city over the sea, and this brings death to the life of Eugene, who eked out his miserable age. And the proud idol still stands on an unshakable peak, not considering it necessary to even look in the direction of insignificant people.
Then a protest is born in Yevgeny's soul: he falls to the bars and angrily whispers his threats. The silent idol turns into a formidable king, pursuing Eugene with his "heavy-voiced galloping", eventually forcing him to reconcile. The rebellion of the "little man" against Peter is defeated, and the corpse of Eugene is buried on a deserted island.
The poem reveals to the reader the attitude of the humanist poet, who recognizes the right of everyone to be happy, to the cruel suppression of the rebellion. The author intentionally evokes sympathy for the fate of "poor Eugene", crushed by historical circumstances, and the finale sounds like a mournful requiem, like a bitter echo of a pathetic prologue.
- "The Bronze Horseman", a summary of parts of Pushkin's poem
- "The Captain's Daughter", a summary of the chapters of Pushkin's story
Analysis of the poem by A.S. Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman"
The poem was written by A.S. Pushkin in 1833 and is one of the most profound, daring and artistically perfect works of the poet. The author, with unprecedented strength and courage, shows the contradictions of social life in all their nakedness, without trying to artificially reconcile them where they are irreconcilable in reality itself. In The Bronze Horseman, two forces are opposed in a generalized figurative form: the state, personified in the image of Peter I (and then in the symbolic image of a revived monument, the Bronze Horseman), and a simple person with his personal, private interests and experiences. In the poem, inspired verses glorify the "great thoughts" of Peter, his creation - "the city of Petrov", "the beauty and wonder of the full-night countries", new capital of the Russian state, built at the mouth of the Neva, “under the sea”, “on mossy, swampy shores”, for military-strategic reasons (“we will threaten the Swede from here”), economic (“here, along their new waves, all flags will visit us") and to establish cultural ties with Europe ("nature here we are destined to cut a window into Europe").
But these state considerations of Peter turn out to be the cause of the death of an innocent Eugene, a simple, ordinary person. He is not a hero, but he knows how and wants to work (“... young and healthy, ready to work day and night”). He dared during the flood: "boldly" sails in a boat along the "barely resigned" Neva to find out about the fate of his bride. Despite poverty, independence and honor are dearest of all to Eugene. He dreams of simple human happiness: to marry his beloved girl and live modestly by his work.
The flood, shown in the poem as a rebellion of the conquered, conquered elements against Peter, ruins his life: Parasha dies, and Eugene goes crazy.
The tragic fate of Yevgeny and the poet's deep sympathy for him are expressed in The Bronze Horseman with tremendous power and poetry. And in the scene of the collision of the mad Eugene with the Bronze Horseman, his fiery, gloomy protest, the vicious threat to the “miraculous builder” on behalf of the victims of this construction, the poet’s language becomes as highly pathetic as in the solemn “Introduction” to the poem.
The Bronze Horseman ends with a mean, restrained, deliberately prosaic message about the death of Yevgeny:
... Flooding There, playing, skidded
A dilapidated house ... His last spring
They took it to the bar. He was empty
And all destroyed. At the threshold
Found my madman
And then his cold corpse
Buried for God's sake.
Pushkin does not provide any epilogue that returns us to the original theme of the majestic Petersburg - an epilogue that reconciles us with the historically justified tragedy of Yevgeny. The contradiction between the full recognition of the correctness of Peter I, who cannot take into account in his state "great thoughts" and affairs with the interests of an individual, who demands that his interests be taken into account - this obvious contradiction remains unresolved in the poem ...
Pushkin was quite right and showed great courage, not being afraid to openly demonstrate this contradiction. After all, it does not lie in his thoughts, not in his inability to resolve it, but in life itself. This is a contradiction between the good of the state and the happiness of the individual, a contradiction that is inevitable in one form or another as long as the state exists, that is, until class society has completely disappeared from the world.
Artistically, The Bronze Horseman is a marvel of art. In an extremely limited volume (there are only 481 verses in the poem), there are many bright, lively and highly poetic pictures. Such are the individual images in the "Introduction" that make up the majestic image of Petersburg; saturated with strength and dynamics, from a number of private pictures, the emerging description of the flood; an image of the insane Yevgeny, amazing in its poetry and brightness.
What distinguishes The Bronze Horseman from other Pushkin's poems is the extraordinary flexibility and variety of his verse, sometimes solemn and slightly archaic, sometimes extremely simple, colloquial, but always poetic.
A special character is given to the poem by the use of techniques of almost musical structure of images: repetition with some variations of the same words and expressions (guard lions over the porch of the house, the image of the monument to Peter, "an idol on a bronze horse ..."); carrying through the whole poem in different changes of the same thematic motif - rain and wind, the Neva (in its countless aspects, etc.), not to mention the famous sound writing of this amazing poem.
/ / Analysis of Pushkin's poem "The Bronze Horseman"
Work on the poem "The Bronze Horseman" was completed by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the autumn of 1833. The work is the most artistic creation of the author of all his works.
In his poem, Alexander Sergeevich shows us two forces that are constantly in conflict with each other. The first force is the Russian state, represented in (then in the form of a monument to the Bronze Horseman), and the second force is a simple person, of which there are millions, with his “small” life.
In the introduction to the poem "The Bronze Horseman" Pushkin introduces us to the "great thoughts" of Peter the Great about the new Russian capital city of Petrograd, later changed to St. Petersburg. Peter I believes that it is this city that will help him cut a window to Europe. And so it happened. A hundred years later, a wonderful city grew out of a swampy and wooded area, which overshadowed the then capital Russian state Moscow.
A hundred years have passed, and the young city,
Midnight countries beauty and wonder,
From the darkness of the forests, from the swamp blat
Ascended magnificently, proudly ...
The first part of the work describes all the colors of November and introduces us to one of the main characters of the poem, Eugene.
In a fit of anger, Eugene turns to the monument (to Peter the Great) and blames him for having built this city, which took away his dream. Then he starts to run. Eugene imagines that the "Bronze Horseman" has come to life and is chasing him, he hears the sound of hooves from everywhere. After that, Eugene tried to bypass the monument.
After some time, Eugene dies.
… at the threshold
Found my madman
And then his cold corpse
Buried for God's sake.
With these words, Pushkin's great work "The Bronze Horseman" ends.
The poem "The Bronze Horseman" is a story about the tragic fate of a simple inhabitant of St. Petersburg, who lost his beloved girl during the flood, and with her - all the dreams and hopes for a future life.
In The Bronze Horseman, Pushkin raises the theme of the "little man" and the theme of the role of Peter I in the fate of Russia. The main conflict of the work is the confrontation between personality and power. For a general acquaintance with the work, we suggest reading it online summary"The Bronze Horseman", performed by an experienced teacher of literature.
main characters
Eugene- a poor official who dreams of a family, a calm, measured life. He goes crazy, unable to come to terms with the death of his girlfriend during the flood.
Peter I- the image of the monument to the tsar that comes to life in the imagination of Eugene.
Other characters
Parasha- Beloved Eugene, who dies during a flood in St. Petersburg.
Foreword
Introduction
Peter I once stood on the deserted banks of the Neva, thinking about the time when a city would be founded here:
“Nature here is destined for us
Cut a window to Europe."
After a hundred years, in a place where before there was nothing but the "darkness of forests" and swampy swamps, "a young city ascended magnificently, proudly." "Young City" eclipsed the beauty, wealth and power of Moscow itself. The author confesses his love for the city, "Peter's creation", and believes that created by the will of the ruler, it will stand "unshakable like Russia" for many centuries, and the defeated element of the Finnish waves will forget about its former greatness and will not disturb "Peter's eternal sleep" .
The narrator begins a story about a difficult time, the memory of which is still fresh.
Part one
Late on a rainy evening in November, a hero named Eugene returned home from his guests.
"Our hero
Lives in Kolomna; serves somewhere
It shy of the noble and does not grieve
Not about the deceased relatives,
Not about the forgotten antiquity.
Heavy thoughts about poverty, about his life, in which he still has to earn "independence and honor", do not let him fall asleep. In addition, due to bad weather, the water in the Neva was rising and, most likely, had already washed away the bridges - now Yevgeny will not be able to see his beloved girl Parasha, who lives “near the bay”, on the other side for several days. Eugene dreamed about life with Parasha, about their joint future, and finally fell asleep.
The next day was terrible.
The Neva swelled and roared,
And suddenly, like a wild beast,
Rushed to the city."
The squares turned into lakes, and "streets poured into them like wide rivers." Water destroyed houses and carried away people, fragments of dwellings, bridges - everything that was on the way.
On a marble lion near one of the new rich houses of the city, Eugene sat motionless amid the general chaos. He did not see or hear either the wind or the rain beating on his face - he was worried about the fate of his beloved. The young man in despair looked intently to where, “like mountains, waves rose from the indignant depth, a storm howled, debris rushed” - to where Parasha lived with her mother. It seemed to the hero that he saw both the unpainted fence and their dilapidated shack.
Eugene sat, unable to move. There was water everywhere around him, and in front of him was an “idol on a bronze horse” facing him with his back. The monument to Peter I towered over the raging Neva.
Part two
Finally, the water began to recede. Eugene, "still dying in hope, fear and longing," having hired a carrier, sails to his beloved. Coming ashore, the hero runs to the house where Parasha lived, he does not believe his eyes, walks again and again around the place where the girl lived, and does not find her at home - he is washed away by the Neva. “Full of gloomy care”, Eugene speaks loudly to himself, and then laughs.
The next day came, the Neva calmed down, the city returned to former life. Residents went to work, trade resumed.
Only Eugene could not bear the death of his beloved, his "confused mind" could not stand the shock. Busy with gloomy thoughts, he wandered around the city without returning home. So a week passed, then a month. The young man slept where he could, fed on alms. Sometimes, children threw stones after him, he was whipped by coachmen, when, not understanding the road, he almost fell under the wheels of wagons. Inner anxiety was eating him up.
And so he is his unhappy age
Dragged, neither beast nor man,
Neither this nor that, nor the inhabitant of the world,
Not a dead ghost…”
One day at the end of summer, while spending the night near the Neva pier, Eugene was agitated by the advancing bad weather. It was raining, the wind was howling, the Neva was seething. Remembering the horror of the flood he had experienced, the hero began to roam the streets. With fear, he suddenly stopped - he found himself near the house where he was fleeing from the raging river on the night of Parasha's death. On the porch of a large new house, statues of lions were still sitting, and nearby stood Peter on a bronze horse. Eugene recognized the place where the "flood played", and the lions, and the one "by whose will the city was founded under the sea" . It is Petra who considers the culprit of his grief.
Clenching his teeth, clenching his fingers, trembling with overflowing anger, he looked into Peter's eyes and whispered with a threat: “You already! ..” And suddenly he rushed away: it seemed to the hero that the king’s face flared with anger and the rider began to turn in his direction. All night long Eugene fled from the imaginary pursuit of Peter - wherever he turned, everywhere he heard the clatter of horse hooves of the revived "bronze horseman".
Since then, whenever Eugene found himself near the monument, he humbly lowered his eyes, took off his cap and pressed his hand to his heart, "as if pacifying his torment."
The hero could not survive the loss and recover. The dead "madman" Yevgeny was found in the spring at the threshold of a dilapidated shack, which the flood brought to a deserted island near the seaside. Here, on the island, he was buried.
Conclusion
Telling the story of Yevgeny, the author brings us to the conclusion that the contradictions between the authorities and small people do not disappear and are not resolved - they are always tragically interconnected. Pushkin for the first time in Russian literature showed the insolubility between state interests and the interests of common man. That is why the images of the main characters in the image of the author are ambiguous: we see Peter - the reformer and Peter the autocrat, Eugene - a petty official and a rebel who was indignant at the actions of the tsar himself.
After reading the retelling of The Bronze Horseman, the reader is ready to perceive the unique Pushkin images and language of the poem.
Poem test
Take the test and find out how well you remember the summary:
Retelling rating
Average rating: 4 . Total ratings received: 3319.
Pushkin A. S. The Bronze Horseman, 1833 The method is realistic.
Genre - poem.
History of creation . The poem "The Bronze Horseman" was written in Boldin in the autumn of 1833. In this work, Pushkin describes one of the most terrible floods that occurred in 1824 and brought terrible destruction to the city.
In the work "The Bronze Horseman" there are two main characters: Peter I, who is present in the poem in the form of a reviving statue of the Bronze Horseman, and the petty official Eugene. The development of the conflict between them determines the main idea of the work.
Plot. The work opens with an "Introduction", in which Peter the Great and his "creation" - Petersburg are famous. In the first part, the reader gets acquainted with the main character - an official named Eugene. He lies down, but cannot fall asleep, entertained by thoughts of his situation, that bridges have been removed from the rising river and that this will separate him from his beloved Parasha, who lives on the other side, for two or three days. The thought of Parasha gives rise to dreams of marriage and a future happy and modest life in the family circle, together with a loving and beloved wife and children. Finally, lulled by sweet thoughts, Eugene falls asleep.
However, very soon the weather deteriorates and all of St. Petersburg is under water. At this time, on Petrovskaya Square, astride a marble statue of a lion, the motionless Eugene sits. He looks at the opposite bank of the Neva, where his beloved and her mother live in their poor house very close to the water. With his back to him, towering over the elements, "the idol on a bronze horse stands with outstretched hand."
When the water subsides, Evgeny discovers that Parasha and her mother have died and their house has been destroyed, and loses his mind. Almost a year later, Eugene vividly recalls the flood. By chance, he finds himself at the monument to Peter the Great. Yevgeny threatens the monument in anger, but suddenly it seems to him that the face of the formidable king is turning to him, and anger sparkles in his eyes, and Yevgeny rushes away, hearing the heavy clatter of copper hooves behind him. All night the unfortunate man rushes about the city, and it seems to him that the rider with a heavy stomp is galloping after him everywhere.
P problematics. A brutal clash of historical necessity with the doom of private personal life.
The problem of autocratic power and the disadvantaged people
“Where are you galloping, proud horse, and where will you lower your hooves?” - the question of the future of the Russian state.
Several thematic and emotional lines: the apotheosis of Peter and Petersburg, the dramatic narration of Eugene, the author's lyricism.
Intention: a symbolic clash of two polar opposite forces - an ordinary little man and the unlimited powerful force of an autocratic state
Eugene The image of a shining, lively, magnificent city is replaced in the first part of the poem by a picture of a terrible, destructive flood, expressive images of a raging element over which a person has no power. The element sweeps away everything in its path, carrying away fragments of buildings and destroyed bridges, "pale poverty's belongings" and even coffins "from a washed-out cemetery" in streams of water. Among those whose lives were destroyed by the flood is Eugene, whose peaceful cares the author speaks of at the beginning of the first part of the poem. Eugene is an “ordinary man” (“small” man): he has neither money nor ranks, he “serves somewhere” and dreams of making himself a “humble and simple shelter” in order to marry his beloved girl and go through life with her.
The poem does not indicate either the name of the hero or his age, nothing is said about Yevgeny's past, his appearance, character traits. By depriving Yevgeny of individual features, the author turns him into an ordinary, faceless person from the crowd. However, in an extreme, critical situation, Eugene seems to wake up from sleep, and throws off the guise of "insignificance" and opposes the "copper idol".
Peter I Starting from the second half of the 1820s, Pushkin was looking for an answer to the question: can autocratic power be reformist and merciful? In this regard, he artistically explores the personality and state activities"Tsar-reformer" Peter I.
The theme of Peter was painful and painful for Pushkin. Throughout his life, he repeatedly changed his attitude towards this epoch-making image for Russian history. For example, in the poem "Poltava" he glorifies the victorious king. At the same time, in Pushkin's abstracts for the work "The History of Peter I", Peter appears not only as a great statesman and tsar-worker, but also as an autocratic despot, tyrant.
The artistic study of the image of Peter Pushkin continues in The Bronze Horseman. The poem "The Bronze Horseman" completes the theme of Peter I in the work of A. S. Pushkin. The majestic appearance of the Tsar-Transformer is drawn in the very first, odically solemn, lines of the poem:
On the shore of desert waves
He stood, full of great thoughts,
And looked into the distance.
The author contrasts the monumental figure of the king with the image of a severe and wildlife. The picture, against which the figure of the king appears before us, is bleak. In front of Peter's eyes is a wide-spread, rushing into the distance river; around the forest, "unknown to the rays in the fog of the hidden sun." But the gaze of the ruler is fixed on the future. Russia must establish itself on the shores of the Baltic - this is necessary for the country's prosperity. Confirmation of his historical correctness is the execution of "great thoughts". A hundred years later, at the time when the plot events begin, the "city of Petrov" became the "midnight" (northern) "diva". “Victory banners” are curled at the parades, “huge masses are crowded along the banks”, ships “crowd from all over the earth” come to the “rich marinas”.
The picture of St. Petersburg not only contains an answer to Peter's plan, it glorifies the mighty power of Russia. This is a solemn hymn to her glory, beauty, royal power. The impression is created with the help of elevating epithets (“city” - young, magnificent, proud, slender, rich, strict, radiant, unshakable), reinforced by the antithesis with “desert” nature hostile to man and with “poor”, miserable” her “stepson” - little man. If the huts of the Chukhons "blackened ... here and there", the forest was "unknown", sunbeams, and the sun itself is hidden "in the fog", then main characteristic Petersburg becomes light. (shine, flame, radiance, golden skies, dawn).
Nature itself strives to drive away the night, "spring days" have come for Russia; The odic meaning of the depicted picture is also confirmed by the fivefold repetition in the author's speech of the admiring "I love."
The author's attitude to Peter the Great is ambiguous . On the one hand, at the beginning of the work, Pushkin utters an enthusiastic hymn to the creation of Peter, confesses his love for the “young city”, before the splendor of which “old Moscow faded”. Peter in the poem appears as "Idol on a bronze horse", as "a powerful ruler of fate".
On the other hand, Peter the Autocrat is presented in the poem not in any specific deeds, but in the symbolic image of the Bronze Horseman as the personification of inhuman statehood. Even in those lines where he admires Peter and Petersburg, an intonation of anxiety is already audible:
O mighty lord of destiny!
Are you not so above the abyss,
At a height, an iron bridle
Raised Russia on its hind legs?
The tsar also appears before Eugene as a “proud idol”. And this idol is opposed by a living person, whose “brow” is burning from wild excitement, “embarrassment”, “flame” is felt in the heart, the soul “boils”.
Conflict . The conflict of the "Bronze Horseman" consists in the collision of the individual with the inevitable course of history, in the opposition of the collective, public will (in the person of Peter the Great) and the personal will (in the person of Eugene). How does Pushkin resolve this conflict?
Opinions of critics about which side Pushkin is on differed. Some believed that the poet justified the right of the state to dispose of a person's life and takes the side of Peter, as he understands the need and benefit of his transformations. Others consider Yevgeny's sacrifice unjustified and believe that the author's sympathies are entirely on the side of "poor" Yevgeny.
The third version seems to be the most convincing: Pushkin, for the first time in Russian literature, showed all the tragedy and insolubility of the conflict between the state and state interests and the interests of the private individual.
Pushkin depicts the tragic conflict of two forces (personality and power, man and state), each of which has its own truth, but both of these truths are limited, incomplete. Peter is right as a sovereign, history is behind him and on his side. Eugene is right as an ordinary person, humanity and Christian compassion are behind him and on his side
The plot of the poem is completed, the hero died, but the central conflict remained and was transferred to the readers, not resolved, and in reality itself, the antagonism of the "tops" and "bottoms", the autocratic power and the destitute people remained.
The symbolic victory of the Bronze Horseman over Eugene is a victory of strength, but not of justice. The question remains” “Where are you galloping, proud horse, and where will you lower your hooves?” This is a metaphorically expressed main question for the author, the question of the future of the Russian state.
(Search for an answer) The problem of the people and power, the theme of mercy - in "The Captain's Daughter". Even in troubled times it is necessary to preserve honor and mercy.
“... The best and most lasting changes are those that come from the improvement of morals, without any violent upheavals”
Human relationships should be built on respect and mercy
Good is life-giving
The image of the natural element in the poem by A. S. Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman"
The Bronze Horseman is the first urban poem in Russian literature. The theme of the poem is complex and multifaceted. The poem is a kind of reflection of the poet about the fate of Russia, about its path: European, associated with the reforms of Peter, and original Russian. The attitude towards the deeds of Peter and the city that he founded has always been ambiguous. The history of the city was presented in various myths, legends and prophecies. In some myths, Peter was presented as the “father of the Fatherland”, a deity who founded a certain intelligent cosmos, a “glorious city”, a “beloved country”, a stronghold of state and military power. These myths originated in poetry and were officially encouraged. In other myths, Peter was the offspring of Satan, the living Antichrist, and St. Petersburg, founded by him, was a “non-Russian” city, satanic chaos, doomed to inevitable disappearance.
Pushkin created synthetic images of Peter and Petersburg. Both concepts complement each other. The poetic myth about the founding of the city is developed in the introduction, focused on the literary tradition, and the myth about its destruction, flooding - in the first and second parts of the poem.
Two parts of the story depict two rebellions against autocracy: the rebellion of the elements and the rebellion of man. In the finale, both of these rebellions will be defeated: poor Eugene, who until recently desperately threatened the Bronze Horseman, will reconcile, the enraged Neva will return to its course.
It is interesting in the poem that the riot of the elements itself is depicted. The Neva, once enslaved, "taken prisoner" by Peter, has not forgotten its "old enmity" and with "vain malice" rises up against the enslaver. The "defeated element" is trying to crush its granite fetters and is attacking the "slender masses of palaces and towers" that arose at the behest of the autocratic Peter. The city turns into a fortress besieged by the Neva.
The Neva River, on which the city lies, outraged and violent:
In the morning over her shores
Crowded crowds of people
Admiring the splashes, the mountains
AND foam of furious waters.
But by the force of the wind from the bay
Blocked Neva
Went back , angry, vehement,
And flooded the islands.
… From the disturbed depth
the waves rose and got angry,
There the storm howled
There were debris...
The story of the flood acquires a folklore-mythological coloring. The enraged Neva is compared now with a frenzied "beast", then with "thieves" climbing through the windows, then with a "villain" who burst into the village "with his ferocious gang." In the poem there is also a mention of a river deity, the violence of the elements is compared with it:
… water suddenly
Flowed into underground cellars,
Channels poured to the gratings,
And Petropolis surfaced like a triton,
Immersed in water up to my waist.
For a moment it seems that the "defeated element" triumphs, that Fate itself is for it: “The people \ Sees God's wrath and awaits execution. \ Alas! everything is dying…”
The rebellion of the elements depicted by Pushkin helps to reveal the ideological and artistic originality of the work. On the one hand, the Neva, the water element is part of the urban landscape. On the other hand, the anger of the elements, its mythological coloring, reminds the reader of the idea of St. Petersburg as a satanic city, non-Russian, doomed to destruction. Another function of the landscape is associated with the image of Eugene, the "little man". The flood destroys Eugene's humble dreams. It turned out to be disastrous not for the city center and its inhabitants, but for the poor who settled on the outskirts. For Eugene, Peter is not "ruler of the half world" but only the culprit of the disasters that befell him, the one “…whose fateful will \ Under the sea the city was founded…”, who did not take into account the fate of small people not protected from disaster.
The surrounding reality turned out to be hostile to the hero, he is defenseless, but Eugene turns out to be worthy not only of sympathy and condolences, but at a certain moment is admired. When Eugene threatens the "proud idol", his image acquires the features of a genuine heroism. At these moments, the miserable, humble inhabitant of Kolomna, who has lost his home, the beggar vagabond, dressed in decayed rags, is completely reborn, for the first time flare up in him strong passions, hatred, desperate determination, the will to revenge.
However, the Bronze Horseman achieves his goal: Eugene resigns himself. The second rebellion is defeated, like the first. As after the riot of the Neva, "everything went back to the old order." Eugene again became the most insignificant of the insignificant, and in the spring his corpse, like a corpse
vagabonds, fishermen buried on a deserted island, "for God's sake."
USE Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman"
Read the given fragment of the text and do tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.
Complete tasks B1-B7. Write down your answer in the form of a word, a combination of words, or a sequence of numbers.
Then, on Petrova Square,
Where a new house has risen in the corner,
Where above the elevated porch
With a raised paw, as if alive,
There are two guard lions
On a marble beast,
Without a hat, hands clenched in a cross,
Sitting motionless, terribly pale
Eugene. He was afraid, poor
Not for myself. He didn't hear
As the greedy wave rose,
Washing his soles,
How the rain hit his face
Like the wind, howling violently,
He suddenly took off his hat.
His desperate eyes
Pointed at the edge of one
They were motionless. Like mountains
From the disturbed depth
The waves got up there and got angry,
There the storm howled, there they rushed
The wreckage… God, God! there -
Alas! close to the waves
Near the bay
The fence is unpainted, yes willow
And a dilapidated house: there they are,
Widow and daughter, his Parasha,
His dream... Or in a dream
Does he see it? or all of our
And life is nothing, like an empty dream,
Heaven's mockery of the earth?
And he, as if bewitched,
As if chained to marble
Can't get off! around him
Water and nothing else!
And turned his back on him
In the unshakable height
Over the perturbed Neva
Standing with outstretched hand
Idol on a bronze horse.
IN 1. Specify the genre of the work
IN 2. In which city do the events described in this story take place?
Answer: __________________________________
VZ. In The Bronze Horseman, Pushkin created a generalized artistic image of Yevgeny as a "little man". What term is used to call such images?
Answer: __________________________________
AT 4. In the above fragment, A.S. Pushkin uses a technique based on the repetition of homogeneous consonant sounds. Name it.
… Like mountains
From the disturbed depth
The waves got up there and got angry,
There the storm was angry, there they rushed
Wreckage…
Answer: __________________________________
AT 5. A.S. Pushkin calls Peter I "an idol on a bronze horse." Indicate the trope, which is the replacement of a proper name with a descriptive phrase "
Answer: __________________________________
AT 6. Name the figurative and expressive means of the language, based on the comparison of objects or phenomena.
… or all of our
And life is nothing like an empty dream,
Heaven's mockery of the earth?
Answer: __________________________________
AT 7. The poet in The Bronze Horseman perceives the flood not only as a natural phenomenon, but also as an analogue of life's storms and hardships. What is the name of such a symbolic image, the meaning of which goes beyond the subject meaning?
Answer: __________________________________
To complete tasks C1 and C2, give a coherent answer to the question in the amount of 5-10 sentences. Rely on the author's position, if necessary, state your point of view. Justify your answer based on the text. Performing task C2, select for comparison two works of different authors (in one of the examples, it is permissible to refer to the work of the author who owns the source text); indicate the titles of the works and the names of the authors; justify your choice and compare the works with the proposed text in the given direction of analysis.
Write down the answers clearly and legibly, observing the rules of speech.
C1. What role does the description of various natural phenomena play in this fragment?
(C1. How did the fate of Yevgeny change under the influence of the devastating flood?)
C2. In what works of Russian literature are natural forces involved in the fate of the characters, as in The Bronze Horseman, and in what ways are their roles similar?
As in the poem by A.S. Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" is the power of the state opposed to the tragedy of the "little man" Yevgeny?
Use quotes and terms!!!
1. In the introduction, it is necessary to say about the time of writing the work, about the subject or problems of the poem, name the conflict of the work, which is indicated in the topic.
2. In the main part of the essay, we reveal the main conflict of the work.
- The majestic image of Peter in the introduction to the poem. Glorification of the sovereign power of Russia. The historical necessity of the founding of the city.
- The tragedy of the "little man" Eugene.
- A symbolic clash of two polar opposite forces - an ordinary little man and the unlimited powerful force of an autocratic state in the images of the Bronze Horseman and Eugene.
Conflict resolution. The victory of force, but not of justice.
3. In conclusion:
- a specific answer to the question stated in the topic. (How ...? - Symbolically in the images of the flood as an analogue of life's storms and hardships. Symbolically in the images of the Bronze Horseman and the driven, resigned Eugene.
