Sunbeams: impact. Harmful sun rays

The Sun represents the positive or balanced side of the fiery energy of Agni and Pitta. Of all the other types, solar ones are usually the healthiest, because their strong fiery energy gives good digestion and circulation and burns out all poisons and pathogens that can cause disease. They have a strong the immune system, and it rarely happens that they come down with something serious.

solar influence quite clearly seen in their entire appearance. Their appearance is bright, as if with a golden or bronze tint. The eyes are bright, attractive, radiating light.

As a rule, they have an average physique with well-developed muscles. Among them, excess or underweight is rare. Vata dosha occurs as a secondary in such people, since they are sometimes lean.

Astrological factors

solar type is created if the Sun is strongly located in the horoscope. This can happen if the Sun is on the ascendant or in other corner houses(especially in the tenth), especially if it is in Leo's own sign, or in the sign of its exaltation (Aries). Usually the ascendant in Leo gives the solar type, unless several planets dominate the ascendant or its ruler, the Sun.

If several other planets are located with the Sun in Leo, then this is an auxiliary factor for creating a solar type. Another important factor- this is the aspect of the Sun to the ascendant or to its ruler. Planets aligned with the Sun usually put up with its power and thus make it even stronger. Exceptions are Saturn and Ketu, which can weaken it.

More about solar modules.

The most common and popular type solar panels Withmonocrystalline silicon solar cells.

They are obtained by casting high purity silicon crystals, in which the melt solidifies upon contact with the crystal seed. In the process of cooling, silicon gradually solidifies in the form of a cylindrical casting of a single crystal with a diameter of 13-20 cm, the length of which reaches 200 cm. The ingot thus obtained is cut into leaves 250-300 microns thick. Such elements have a higher efficiency compared to elements produced by other methods, the efficiency reaches 19%, due to the special orientation of the atoms of the single crystal, which contributes to the growth of electron mobility. Silicon is pierced by a grid of metal electrodes. Traditionally, single-crystal modules are inserted into an aluminum frame and covered with shockproof glass. The color of monocrystalline photocells is dark blue or black.

Solar panels are reliable, durable (service life up to 50 years) and easy to install, as they do not contain moving parts. Solar panels can be used where conventional power supply does not work well and there are a lot of sunny days. Examples of the use of solar panels: on the roofs of houses to generate electricity, on street and garden lamps for lighting, recharging batteries, providing electricity to equipment on ships, walkie-talkies, pumps, alarms, etc.

Solar panels made from monocrystalline photovoltaic cells are more efficient, but also more expensive per watt. Their efficiency is usually in the range of 14-18%.

Typically, single-crystal elements have the shape of polygons, which are difficult to fill the entire area of ​​the panel without residue. As a result, the specific power of the solar battery is somewhat lower than the specific power of its individual cell.

Solar cells from multicrystalline silicon
Making multicrystalline silicon is much easier than making single-crystal silicon. Multicrystalline silicon as a material consists of randomly assembled different single-crystal silicon lattices (service life 25 years, efficiency up to 15%). That is why, multicrystalline panels are usually offered cheaper.

Polycrystalline silicon solar cells
An alternative to monocrystalline silicon is polycrystalline silicon. It has a lower cost. The crystals in it are still aggregate, but they have different shape and orientation. This material, in comparison with dark single crystals, has a bright blue color. Improving the production process of elements of this type allows today to obtain components whose characteristics are only slightly inferior in electrical performance to a single crystal.

With a solar panel system, you can:

Thin film batteries

Thin-film technologies make it possible to make a panel that is cheaper in terms of cost of production. This circumstance makes film panels more attractive for the construction of large "farms" to generate electricity from sunlight when the "solar farmer" is limited not so much by land area as by the cost of installing a battery. Installation is possible not only on the roof, but also on side surfaces building.

Thin-film panels do not require direct sunlight, they operate with scattered radiation, due to which the total power generated per year is 10-15% more than traditional crystalline solar panels. Thin film is a much more cost-effective way to generate energy and can outperform single crystals in areas with foggy, overcast climates or in industries where the air is dusty or high in other particulate matter.

Thin-film panels in 95% of cases are used for "on-grid" systems that generate electricity directly to the grid. For these panels it is necessary to use high-voltage controllers and inverters that are not compatible with low-power household systems.
Although the cost of thin-film panels is low, they occupy a much larger area (2.5 times) than mono- and poly-crystalline panels. due to lower efficiency. Thin-film panels can be effectively used in systems with a capacity of 10 kW or more. Monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels are used to build small autonomous or backup power supply systems.

Amorphous silicon solar panels

Solar panels made of amorphous silicon have one of the lowest efficiency. Usually its values ​​​​are in the range of 6-8%. However, among all silicon photovoltaic converter technologies, they generate the cheapest electricity.

Fig.4

Solar cells based on cadmium telluide

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar panels are based on film technology. The semiconductor layer is applied in a thin layer of several hundred micrometers. The efficiency of elements made of cadmium telluride is low, the efficiency is about 11%. However, in comparison with silicon panels, the watt of power of these batteries is several tens of percent cheaper.

Fig.5.

Solar panels based on CIGS

Solar panels based on CIGS. CIGS is a semiconductor made up of copper, indium, gallium and selenium. This type of solar cells is also made using film technology, but in comparison with cadmium telluride panels, it has a higher efficiency, its efficiency reaches 15%.

Fig.6

Potential buyers of solar panels often ask themselves if one or another type of photovoltaic converters will be able to provide the necessary power for the entire system. Here we must understand that the efficiency of solar panels does not directly affect the amount of energy generated by the installation.

The same power of the entire installation can be obtained using any type of solar panels, however, more efficient photovoltaic converters will take less space, for their placement will require a smaller area. For example, if it takes about 8 sq.m. to produce one kilowatt of electricity. surface of a solar battery based on single-crystal silicon, then amorphous silicon panels will occupy about 20 sq.m.

The above example is, of course, not absolute. The generation of electricity by photovoltaic converters is affected not only by total area solar panels. Electrical parameters of any solar battery are determined under the so-called standard testing conditions, namely at the intensity solar radiation 1000 W/sq.m. and panel operating temperature of 25°C.

In the countries of Central and of Eastern Europe the intensity of solar radiation rarely reaches the nominal value, therefore, even in sunny days photovoltaic panels operate underload. It may seem that a temperature of 25 ° C is also not so common. However, we are talking about the temperature of the solar panel, and not about the air temperature.
As part of the general trend of reducing the output power with increasing operating temperature, each type of solar cell behaves differently. So for silicon cells, the rated power drops with each degree of excess of the rated temperature by 0.43-0.47%. At the same time, cadmium telluride elements lose only 0.25%.

Such a person radiates joy and light. In any situation, he powerfully splashes out his emotions, whether it be joy, grief or anger. The more solar in a person, the more people are drawn to him: in his rays you can warm yourself, there is always an abundance of heat and light around him. In the extreme manifestation, these are people who persistently get into your life, strive to help you, by all means solve your problems, even if no one asks them about it.

Sunny people are often talented, and they willingly share their achievements with others, and the results of their work never remain in the shadows. A sunny person cannot create "on the table", as it is commonly called. Such people rarely bow under the blows of fate. The whole world may collapse, but the sun man will rise from the ruins and again succeed in his work. These people are very difficult to change their beliefs, they try to follow their course to the end, even if the path is wrong.

Communication with large quantity people gives them true joy, but their radiant nature quite often remains misunderstood. Other people, being near such a person, do not always try to get to know him better. inner world. Moreover, in extreme manifestations, the solar character can manifest itself quite tactlessly. Sunny people love life, which can only be prevented by severe mental trauma inflicted by loved ones. These are the main character traits of a person belonging to the solar type.

Lunar type

It is difficult to say anything about these people from the first impression. Like the Moon, which shines with reflected light, so these people emit only the light that they deem it necessary to reflect. It is impossible to know such a person to the end, his depth is unknown even to himself and may turn out to be inexhaustible. Outwardly, the behavior of a lunar person can be quite diverse: from cold arrogance to tearful sentimentality and a constant need to “cry in a vest”.

These people do not need an audience, they are quite content with their own society, they are not afraid of loneliness. Their spiritual inner life tense enough, and sometimes so deep and varied that the influence of the outside world can be perceived as an annoying hindrance. However, this does not mean that Lunarians are necessarily beeches or misanthropes. They can be charming interlocutors, wonderful friends, but if for a solar person communication is a pleasant necessity, then for a lunar person communication is rather a hard creative work that sometimes turns into art.

In work, such people are usually loners, but in a team they prefer to be performers. Most best view activities for them - mental work or creativity, which do not require frequent direct contact with other people. moon people usually "owls", their time is night. In the morning their forces sleep, nothing successful happens to them in the morning. They usually have a very narrow circle of acquaintances, and they are looking for a marriage partner who is in tune with themselves. Lunar people in marriage are happier than solar ones. They are actors who carefully protect their inner world from invasion, using each of the new roles as food for thought and self-knowledge.

Consider the known astrological planetary types of characters.

Solar and lunar types of people in astrology

solar type- medium height, large round head, light or red complexion, soft blond hair (prone to baldness), large eyes.

The sun is an indicator of vital energy, its quality. It determines temperament, creativity, spiritual essence, latent abilities, expresses the principle of individuality.

Positive qualities - in the solar type, the principle of purpose is clearly expressed. Ambition, pride, calmness, responsibility, honesty, liveliness. Characterized by very good organizational and performance skills, dignity, nobility, authority. Very hardy, quickly recovers. Born captain or informal leader.

Lunar type

Medium height, short plump arms and legs, tendency to be overweight. Round pale face, large light eyes, light brown hair. The moon symbolizes the inertia of character, unregulated emotional reactions, habits and unconditioned reflexes, the subconscious ego, the emotional world of man.

Positive qualities - peacefulness, mercy, high switchability, susceptibility, softness, suppleness, modesty, timidity, developed imagination. Craving for material values.

Negative qualities - instability, inconstancy, absent-mindedness, hypersensitivity, passivity, slowness, often - laziness. Little capable of concentration, capricious, dreamer. By temperament - phlegmatic.

Mercury and Venus types

Mercury symbolizes intelligence, the ability to think, reason, understand, remember. concrete mind. Responsible for vision - the perception of size, weight, shape, color. Abstract intelligence.

Positive qualities - the highest switchability, reaction, dexterity, coordination, susceptibility, prudence, ability to science, agility.

Negative qualities - instability, inconstancy, forgetfulness, vanity, acting, flattery, irascibility, fantasy and even lies.

Venus planetary type

Temperament - choleric.

A great partner is a follower. Very rhythmic. Good reaction. Sharp on the tongue. But it can stab in the back. Capable of impulse, short-term concentration, after which relaxation is necessary.

Vulnerabilities - shoulders, arms, hands and feet, tongue, tops of the lungs, nervous system.

• brain disease,
• nervous ailments,
• diseases of the hands, feet,
• stuttering and speech impediments,
• colds.

Colors - dark gray, spotty colors depending on the psychological mood.

Short stature, proportional physique, wide chest, good shape, a tendency to be overweight. The face is round, swarthy or darkly ruddy. Eyebrows and lips are thin. Light brown hair. Very expressive light brown or black eyes. Often there are dimples on the cheeks.

Positive qualities - Venus symbolizes artistic taste, a feeling of love. This is tact, diplomacy, charm, the ability to seduce, compliance, adaptation. Altruism. The power of feeling, but also sensuality with all the shady consequences.

Negative qualities - passivity, spontaneity, in moments of depression - self-pity, unreliable memory, licentiousness, laziness, depravity, herd feeling.

By temperament - sanguine.

People of this type are very contact, they know how to subordinate their interests to the general ones. They don't like conflict. But they require a cruel methodology and discipline. There is a tendency to shirk responsibility.

Vulnerabilities - thymus, solar plexus, some parts of the reproductive system, kidneys, lumbar region, top part pelvis and sacrum.

Diseases - poisoning, diseases of the skin, genitourinary system, diabetes, impotence.

Colors - from sky blue to pale green, lemon, pink.

Martian planetary type

Growth is medium or high, the body is strong, muscular, embossed, large braids. The face is round, light or dark red in color. Hair red, sand or black - hard, often curly.

Mars symbolizes activity, energy, will, desire for freedom. Subjectivism and one-sidedness. Straightness and force. The absence of doubt and peremptory. Tendency to extremes.

Positive qualities - enthusiasm, high friendship, courage, zeal and determination in achieving the goal, energy, sharp and penetrating mind. Patriotism, love of family, strong sense of brotherhood. High excitability, at the same time the ability to perform ultra-precise, jewelry work. Endurance. Negative qualities - aggressiveness, despotism, promiscuity, intolerance, irascibility, irritability, the ability to destroy, ruthlessness, conflict. Does not tolerate interference.

Temperament - choleric.

Capable of high concentration, but a short time, after which a pause is required for recovery&singing. Hot-tempered and rude, but quick-tempered. Internally very soft and unstable.

Vulnerabilities

• cortex,
• cortical part of the adrenal glands,
• head,
• breast,
• male sex organs,
• excretory organs.

Diseases - infectious diseases, high blood pressure, internal bleeding, headaches, bladder disease, burns, cuts, bruises.

Colors - red, scarlet, carmine.

Jupiter type

Tall, well built, powerful but not prominent muscles. Oval swarthy or red face, soft blond or brown hair (tendency to baldness).

Jupiter symbolizes the power of deployment, expansion of social functions. Self-esteem, authority, honor and glory, luck, patronage. Power and might. Moral motives and laws.

Positive qualities - common sense, order and harmony, generosity, devotion, sociability, optimism. Equilibrium and culture of feeling, peacefulness. Striving for the sublime.

Negative qualities - pride, idealism, licentiousness, boasting, complacency, slowness.

By temperament - sanguine.

Jupiter type gives the largest number accomplished athletes, champions, champions. Ability to any sport. Brilliant leader. Personal luck.

Vulnerabilities - the posterior pituitary gland, buttocks, thighs, legs, liver.

Diseases - as a result of excesses, overflow of the body with blood, chronic acidosis, apoplexy, diseases of the liver, lungs, tonsillitis.

Preferred colors are purple, violet, some shades of red, sometimes indigo, deep blue.

Saturnian type

Medium or high growth, often stooped, angular body with broad shoulders. A thin, long face, small dark eyes, black hair.

Positive qualities - a well-organized mind, emphasizing details, realism, upholding and emphasizing authority, experience. Restrained, cautious, modest, constant, thrifty. A strong sense of justice is characteristic, fulfilling the terms of the contract, even when it works against him.

Negative qualities - conservatism, distrust, isolation, inability to give vent to emotions, too serious outlook on life, low switchability, lack of communication skills. A slave of conditions, rational, down to earth.

Temperament - melancholic.

This type produces very reliable people, but without surprises. They are industrious. They can easily endure emotional stresses - more precisely, they never project them onto others and, regardless of the result, bring the task to the end.

Vulnerabilities - upper adrenal glands, skin, joints and tendons, especially calves and knees of the legs, spleen, hearing organs, teeth

• rheumatism,
• spinal diseases,
• skin,
• teeth,
• tuberculosis,
• fractures,
• bruises,
• low temperature,
• emotional retardation.

Colors - black, white, brown, cold colors

Uranian planetary type

Tall or very tall, thin bones, irregular features of an oblong face, usually large bright eyes.

Uranus is the planet of geniuses. It symbolizes the power of becoming, controls the principle of transformation of the subjective into the objective. Reforms, revolutions. Catastrophes and traumas are associated with Uranus.

Positive qualities - a rich imagination, an unbending will, a strong desire for power and authority, assertiveness, altruism, perseverance in overcoming material difficulties, new ideas, originality, strong performing abilities.

Negative qualities - alienation, arrogance, independence at any cost, rebellious spirit. Poorly amenable to any kind of control, changeable, impulsive, eccentric.

Temperament - choleric.

There are ups, unexpected results, and downs. Leader, but difficult to communicate, conflict. Original in action. Able to make unexpected moves, combinations. Vulnerabilities - parathyroid glands, brain, central nervous system.

Diseases - salt deposits, injuries, fractures, tissue ruptures.

Colors - multicolor, intersection of color spots, stripes.

Neptunian type

A beautiful slender body, smooth muscles, an elongated head, a bright face with dark eyes, sharp features, often a hard expression, a hypnotic look, thin hair.

Neptune symbolizes intuition, imagination, hallucinations. Everything related to the highest octave of harmony in both art and science.

Positive qualities are the subtlest intuition, the feeling of a partner, telepathy, foresight, and even the meaning (though without explanation) of upcoming situations. Compassion. Feels good and opens up in the collective field.

Negative qualities - unstable, unpredictable, highly subject to mental influences, often passive, emotionally excited, capricious. Orientation to the aesthetic - beauty is more important than the result. The danger of drug addiction, alcoholism.

Temperament - melancholic.

He has a jeweler's precision, good feeling partner, the ability to transform your psyche. Unstable, often too individualistic. Lack of interest in the result - he can be proud of the lost case in which he succeeded beautiful combinations and blows. Non-conflict, love in the team.

Vulnerabilities - the pineal gland (pineal gland), psychosomatic sensors, the organ of extrasensory perception.

• oxygen deprivation,
• stomach diseases,
• anemia,
• neuroses,
• energy exhaustion,
• addiction,
• alcoholism.

Colors - lilac, aquamarine smoky blue, shades of gray.

Plutonian type of people

Pluto is the collective energy, the principle of transformation. It shows how a person is able to exercise power. Absolute Laws, interest in pagan situations of life and death. Totalitarianism.

Positive qualities - power, concentrating and directing force, improvement and education of oneself. interest in spiritual values. Unbending tenacity.

By temperament - phlegmatic.

Describes how big inner work and the ability to withstand ultra-high physical stress. Fanaticism. In the case of the right direction, it is a powerful catalyst for collective action, a team conscience. The worse the situation, the greater the opportunities open up. Special durability.

Vulnerabilities - pancreas, digestive system.

• salt deposits,
• chronic acidosis,
• arthritis.

Color - intensively saturated red, luminescent.

To what class does our luminary belong?

As you probably know, our Sun is the closest star to us. But what type of star is she? By existing system classification, the class of our luminary is a yellow dwarf. This group contains relatively small objects containing 80% to 100% of the Sun's mass. Thus, it is at the higher end of this group.

The class of the Sun as a star

The official designation is class G2V. Yellow dwarf stars have surface temperatures between 5300 and 6000 K. They typically live for 10 billion years or more. The sun is in the middle of its life, its age is approximately 4.3-4.6 billion years, and most likely it will shine for another 7 billion years.

After this time, it will turn into a red giant, and eventually shrink into a white dwarf.

The sun belongs to the so-called group I of stars, which contain a relatively large amount of heavy elements. The first stars in history containing pure hydrogen and helium belonged to group III. They exploded, spreading heavier elements into space.