When to plant pansies? Planting Viola (Pansy) seeds for seedlings: when and how to plant, grow and care at home.

In many garden plots, you can find small multi-colored flowers that have a bizarre shape, somewhat reminiscent of the "muzzle" of a small animal. These flowers are popularly known as "pansies". Among gardeners, there are other names for this plant - “garden violets”, “viola flowers”. Next, we will tell you in more detail about all the intricacies associated with attractive bright flowers with pansies, as well as planting and caring for this culture.

One of the most memorable flowers that we have known since childhood are pansies growing on lawns and sunny meadows, the progenitor of which is the forest violet familiar to everyone. Unpretentious flowers were loved to be collected in childhood, they grew up with them, rejoiced and sad.

Therefore, it is not at all surprising that the beautiful tricolor violet has become one of the most desired and beloved plants in summer cottages, city parks, and flowerbeds. Thanks to selection, Wittrock's viola has become larger, the flowers are brighter, but, as before, they talk about tricolor violet with a slight sadness, calling it Pansies.

Pansies growing seedlings from seeds video

This hardy plant is propagated by cuttings and seeds. To get sunrises from seeds, they need to be planted in the second half of February.

• After sowing the seeds, seedlings germinate for two to three weeks, after which they carefully dive. Many people prefer simply to separate cups and plant them in the ground by transshipment.
• You can use the vegetative method, it consists in germinating cuttings from violet bushes planted in open ground in June - July. Having pinched off a green shoot with several nodes from the mother bush, it should be buried in the ground after watering the ground abundantly. Usually, with this method, the cuttings give roots in three to four weeks.

A variety of shapes and colors of violets, constant flowering and unpretentiousness of cultivation finds its admirers in every house where there is at least a little space for land.

Features of growing violet tricolor pansies

Many people ask unexpected questions about tricolor violet breeding. Sometimes in neighboring areas, where the climatic conditions are the same, in some hostesses, Pansies grow, practically requiring no care, in others, after flowering, they do not leave any offspring with them. In neighboring flower beds, violets can grow densely, while in others they wither, in some places the seeds germinate on their own, and in some places even artificial crops do not grow. Let's see what's the matter.

Caring for pansies is not difficult at all

Wild violets grow on the edges of forest glades in sunny places, but not in soil too rich in humus. Therefore, these conditions are genetically suitable for growing in garden conditions.

Places for landing should be scoured appropriate natural conditions: Sufficiently lit areas, without re-fertilization with humus. You can plant flowers by digging virgin soil, and adding to it the purchased earthen mixture, rich in mineral fertilizers.

How to plant pansies

Also, this site can be enriched with complex nitrogen-phosphorus mineral compositions. Do not forget about potash fertilizers. It is best to purchase complex fertilizers specially prepared for flowers, following the application recommendations indicated on the package.

But with organic matter, you need to be more careful: you should not carry fresh manure or other fresh afterbirth into the soil.

Watering pansies

How to grow pansies

• Watering tricolor violets should be done sparingly. From excessive moisture, the roots that are located under the top layer of the earth can rot. Pansies can easily endure any hot summer when watered once every two to three days.
• After watering, the topsoil should be loosened to break up the dry crust formed after watering, preventing moisture from evaporating through the cracks formed.
• If there is not enough moisture, this will immediately affect the brightness of the color of the petals: Wittrock's zviola will look pale, the greenery will spread on the ground, trying to retain moisture, covering the ground with the entire leaf area.

Violet tricolor Pansies description

Violet Wittrock Pansies pansies flower photo

Viola Wittrock is unpretentious in cultivation. Violet tricolor grows from 17 to 27 cm. Flowers bloom from 3 to 5 cm. There are varieties that reach up to 7 cm and even more. At the very beginning, the plant grows in bushes, but then they grow, occupying all the space provided by the flower bed. They can reproduce both by root stepchildren and by self-seeding. The good news about flowers is that they start in April and continue to delight the owners all summer almost until autumn.

Violet tricolor, although an unpretentious plant, still requires some care, for example, watering and weeding. You can grow pansies both on the site and on balconies in outdoor flower beds or in any containers that can be at least a little filled with earth.

In nature, violets are found only in blue or bluish colors.

But the breeders have worked on the varieties well. Meets a large number of various flowers and colors of petals. They can be:

• white;
• blue and dark blue;
• yellow;
• red; or different color palette.

In the center of each such flower there is a small island of a contrasting color in relation to the main shade, somewhat similar to an open eye, and possibly Pansies, because they are blue.

Officially, the plant was called Wittrock violet, or Violla. Depending on the varieties, they can be annual, biennial, there are varieties of perennial violets.

Pansies, which can be grown at home, rightfully occupy a leading place among the early flowers. There is a huge variety of colors - from white, pale pink, to maroon.

The big benefits of plants are early flowering, unpretentiousness, frost resistance, simple breeding process, ease of care.

The correct name for this herbaceous plant is viola. In Ukrainian speech, you can hear another name - brothers, due to the fact that the flowers are very similar to each other, but not identical.

The original variety of viola has a bright blue color. Today there are more than 500 types of pansies. Often they have a very rich two-tone color - the petals of the same color contrast with a brighter and darker core.

Flower growers highly appreciate pansies for the abundance of varieties and variety of colors, thanks to which you can create a wide variety of compositions and harmoniously combine flowers with other types of decorative flora.

Flowers are most widespread in temperate latitudes, but despite this, pansies grow well in the subtropics. Climatic conditions make it possible to grow a perennial plant, but the most common varieties that delight with their lush flowering for two years, after which flower growers plant young plants.

Today, the flower has three most popular varieties:

• Violet Wittrock;
• Norichnikovye;
• Tricolor violet.

Selection work, carried out for more than a dozen years, has made it possible to obtain all kinds of hybrids of this plant, resistant to high temperatures and not stopping flowering throughout the season.

Flowers grow up to 30 centimeters long. Inflorescences have the form of a decorative violet. Among other features of the plant - fibrous root system, upright main shoot. Bushes of young pansies have a compost shape and then become sprawling. In the Russian climate, flowering begins in mid-April and can last until the end of summer.

Viola daily care

Caring for pansies does not take much effort. It is very important to choose the right place where the flowers will grow. To grow a strong, healthy plant, you need to plant it in lightly shaded places where the bright sun will fall for several hours a day. The flower will ache in too shady areas garden. The same can be said about hot, sunny glades.

Watering is done depending on the degree of soil moisture. On rainy days, additional moistening of the substrate is not required. Roast summer time it is necessary to water the flowers once every two to three days. It is important that moisture does not stagnate in the soil, otherwise it can lead to rotting of the root system. The size and number of inflorescences depend on proper watering - with insufficient moisture, they decrease in size and become unhealthy.

Proper care, incl. watering, allows you to achieve continuous flowering throughout the summer season.

When breeding flowers at home, the need for mineral nutrition occurs infrequently. Pansies, unlike other ornamental flora, feel good in fertile soil and without top dressing. Excess nitrogen fertilizer can harm the flower, promote the development of fungal diseases, especially in conditions of high humidity.

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Care provides for the timely seating of adult plants. Ideally, the distance between two bushes should be about 10 - 20 centimeters. Dense growth can lead to stagnation of moisture in the soil and the spread of the rotting process. To grow beautiful flower, it is better to immediately provide the correct distance when disembarking it.

Growing pansies from seeds

Flowers must be planted in soil with good drainage so that the plant feels good and does not grow in conditions of moisture accumulation. You can grow pansies from seeds or green cuttings. by the most in an inexpensive way there will be independent cultivation of seedlings for their further planting in the soil.

To grow seedlings from seeds, it is necessary to plant the plant in specially treated soil in an open area, or in a special nursery. Caring for the first shoots is not laborious - it is enough to water and loosen the soil between young shoots in a timely manner. From the time of planting the seeds in the soil until the seedlings grow, 6-14 days pass.

Young shoots must be immediately planted in the place where the plant will overwinter. You can’t wait long, otherwise the young shoots grown from seeds will take root and grow, which will negatively affect the flowering of pansies in the future.

Properly planted flowers will delight next season lush bloom. In cold spring conditions, plants can be covered with a transparent film. In addition to maintaining comfortable temperature during the cold season, no additional care is required for the flowers.

Vegetative propagation of flowers

When buying seeds, there is never an exact guarantee that a plant with exactly the characteristics indicated on the package will grow from them. Poor quality seeds may not germinate at all, or give weak shoots unsuitable for further picking and planting. From this side, the vegetative method of reproduction is more reliable. It guarantees the preservation of a pure variety of pansies.

To grow a flower vegetatively, it is necessary to choose strong, healthy cuttings that have 2 to 3 nodes. The most suitable period for such a procedure would be from May to July. It is necessary to plant such shoots very tightly so that the leaves are in contact with each other - by 1 square meter You can plant up to 400 plants. After the procedure, it is necessary to irrigate the cuttings with water using a spray bottle.

Care for planted cuttings consists in thinning cuttings, timely watering and protection from negative factors. environment.

You can cover the plants with paper soaked in water to create a favorable microclimate. Rooting usually occurs a month after planting. The flowering of young plants comes closer to autumn, provided that they were planted no later than the first half of June. In October, it is better to transplant the cuttings to the place where pansies will overwinter. Full flowering occurs the next year.

The vegetative method allows you to rejuvenate old plants. In the third year of life, pansies grow to the detriment of flowering, so this "rejuvenation" allows you to achieve wild flowering those varieties that already grow in your garden. Unlike seed propagation, planting cuttings allows you to get more plants. One mother plant can produce up to 45 cuttings per season.

Caring for pansies is not too time-consuming and complicated. It is enough to choose the right place for the growth of flowers and timely water. The flower can be grown from seeds or cuttings obtained from the mother plant. Subject to these rules, the viola will delight with lush and bright flowering throughout the summer.

The cultivation of flowers with such a poetic name is widespread in our gardens, both in flower beds and in flower pots and containers. Pansies (another name is viola) in ancient times were credited with a magical property - to bewitch love.

It was believed that one should only sprinkle the juice of this plant on the eyelids of a sleeping person, then wait for him to wake up and the one whom he sees first and becomes the subject of his adoration. The French and Poles usually present these flowers to their loved ones during the upcoming long separation. These are perennials that are often grown as biennials or annuals. Together with other annuals such as purslane or nasturtium, they perfectly decorate any garden, terrace, balcony.

Perennials or annuals?

Pansies can be grown as annuals or perennials. It all depends on the climatic conditions in which the plants are grown and the labor that you are willing to invest.

These flowers are quite frost-resistant, but even in central Russia they are not always able to survive the cold winter. ---- Particularly vulnerable are plants that were planted late, did not grow well and weakened before winter. Viola does not tolerate wintering in a snowy winter; spring thaws, followed by night frosts, are especially dangerous for flowers.

In order for the viola not to freeze out, it is necessary to avoid lowered damp places for planting, close the flowers for the winter with covering material, and in winter hold snow in a flower bed with pansies. In order for the viola to bloom earlier, in early spring it is better to close the flower bed with a film. Growing an annual viola is a more predictable process.

Viola varieties

Numerous varieties of these flowers are hybrids of several types of violets. All varieties are widely used in floriculture to create borders, flowering carpets, flower beds, flower beds, as well as for decorating windows and balconies. Viola can be compact or sprawling bushes. Violas are distributed throughout the globe. The most common groups among our flower growers are as follows:

• Erfurt early, Swiss large-flowered (Roggli), trimardo profusely blooming.

Pansies have an incredible variety of colors and colors, the most popular is viola tricolor - the top of the petals is purple, the middle petals are yellow and the bottom petals are light yellow or white.

landing conditions

Pansies are thermophilic plants. They should be grown in sunny areas or slightly shaded places. In partial shade, their flowers become small, the plant itself grows for a long time. But in a sunny place, the plant has large, bright flowers.

Plants do not tolerate lowlands and damp places, spring stagnant water quite badly. Loamy, fertile, moist, neutral soils are suitable for pansies.

Growing methods

You can grow these flowers from seeds by planting immediately in open ground or grow seedlings from seeds. In addition, it is possible for pansies to grow by self-sowing in the spring in the place where they were planted last year.

At the same time, the flowers are pollinated, their species differences are lost, the color and size of the flower changes. These flowers are cross-pollinated plants; when planting, you need to plant different varieties at a distance from each other in order to maintain the purity of the variety. To collect seeds from your flowers in the country, you need select strong specimens, wait for the seed pods to turn yellow and collect the seeds before the pods crack and the seeds spill onto the ground. At the same time, it is possible to prepare seeds of exactly those varieties of flowers and colors that you like. The seeds are very small - in one gram there are almost a thousand pieces.

Growing from seeds in open ground

Planting seeds in open ground is carried out in June - July, and pansies will not bloom this year. Flowers will begin to bloom profusely next year in early spring. Seeds are sown in rows in a nursery - a special bed with well-prepared soil.

After the emergence of seedlings, they dive, i.e., they are transplanted with pinching the central root by one third for better root formation. They are done in the presence of two true leaves and transplanted onto permanent place within 25 by 25 centimeters. The plant should develop well over the summer, but not bloom.

Growing seedlings

Sowing of seeds is carried out in early March in small containers with a drainage hole. The land for seedlings is shed with potassium permanganate per day.

Seeds are laid out, moistened from a sprayer, covered with glass or placed in boxes with seedlings in a plastic bag and placed in a warm, dark place. When the sprouts appear, transfer to the windowsill, make sure not to steam under the film or glass.

Then we act in the same way as with sprouts in the open field - we dive and then transplant into separate cups. At the end of April, you need to harden off - take the seedlings out into the street or balcony. Seedlings are planted in open ground depending on the weather in April - early May, and in a month the viola will delight you with abundant flowering.

Reproduction by cuttings

Pansies, past the seeds, are also propagated by green cuttings. When the bushes grow for more than two years, they can grow strongly, flowering becomes less abundant. In order to rejuvenate the plant and propagate it, cuttings are used.

From May to July, the most beautiful specimens are selected in several steps, the buds are removed, young terminal shoots with 2-3 knots are cut off and planted tightly to each other in the shade in moist soil. Top with a jar or paper soaked in water.

Cuttings grow well if planted under the crown of a tree. In the autumn, after the cuttings grow well, you can transplant them to their permanent place. Plant care. Plants are mulched for the winter. Standard care: weeding, watering, loosening, top dressing.

For long flowering, faded flowers are removed.

Bloom

Flowering begins in April and continues until frost. Because of the love of the sun, pansies on the sunny side are always larger and more vibrant in color, but will fade faster.

Pansies, which are grown as biennials, are recommended to be cut. Plants grown from summer crops in the previous year, or grown from cuttings, bloom more profusely and have larger flower sizes than annual flowers. Watering. Watered under the root, plentifully and regularly. Fertilizers, top dressing.

These flowers love fertilizers containing potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, as well as trace elements. The first feeding is carried out at the beginning of butanization. Diseases, pests. The plant is affected by the following diseases and pests: powdery mildew, leaf spot, gall nematode, black leg, aphid.

Helpful HintsGrowing in areas with a cold climate requires one important procedure - the plants should be dug up for the winter, transferring it to the greenhouse. For other regions, it is quite enough to cover the plants well with sawdust, covering material.

Pansies can be combined with other biennials and perennials such as mignonette. Good luck gardeners!

Legends around the viola

There are many legends and superstitions around the viola. The French consider the flower a symbol of death, while the Germans associate it with an evil stepmother. The Slavs believe in a legend according to which the poor girl Anyuta fell in love with a guy from a rich family, and he left her before the wedding.

Anyuta died, never reconciled to the loss, and beautiful flowers grew on her grave, which the people called pansies. Despite sad stories, the cultivation of this flower is practiced by gardeners around the world.

Viola is a decoration of a summer house, garden, balcony, with many colors, shapes and sizes.

What are the types and varieties of viola

Decorating a flower bed with viola flowersAmong the variety of Wittrock violet varieties, the most popular are plants that meet the following requirements:

• have a spectacular color; adapted to the climate; resistant to disease.

Distinguish between early flowering and late flowering plants. There are species that bloom throughout the summer - horned violet and tricolor. The spring flower stalks include Altai viola, klobuchkovy, labrador.

Late-flowering plants include elegant viola. Trimardo flower (Wittrock viola) Within the species, according to the prevailing shades, flower size, shape, subspecies and varieties of Wittrock viola are distinguished. The most popular variety groups are:

1. "Trimardo". Includes varieties: Adonis ( turquoise flowers), Lord Beaconsfield (blue-purple coloration with upper petals white color), Cardinal (dark red flowers with darkening of the middle), Morenkönig (black).

   Hemalis flower (wittrock viola) "Hemalis" winter varieties: Helios (lemon color), Himelskenigin (sky blue tint), Jupiter (red-purple flowers with white upper petals), Mars (blue tint with darkening of the middle), Nardpol (white).

   Large-flowered "Swiss"- flower diameter up to 8 cm. Include varieties: Rococo (terry viola of various shades),

   Flower Viola Wittrac Swiss Red Riding Hood (bright red flowers with darkening of the middle).

   Viola horned has varieties: Altona(beige colour), Anderland(purple shade), bluewunder(dark blue flower), bambini(a characteristic difference is the presence of a yellow spot with highlighted veins, see photo). Viola fragrant. Varieties: Charlotte(purple), Red Charm(scarlet shade) Triumph(large flowers of different colors).

The last achievement of selection was viola ampelnaya. The plant is intended for cultivation in hanging planters, on the balcony, as it forms a three-dimensional ball with many flowers.

Ampel violet perfectly tolerates cold, unpretentious, after planting seeds in the ground, it begins to bloom in 14-15 weeks. The cultivation of this species is practically no different from the propagation of the Wittrock flower. Ampel violet is suitable for decorating flower beds, alpine slides, flowerpots and hanging pots(see photo).

What soil to prepare for seedlings

Wittrock violet loves loamy soil, well-fed and constantly wet. The plant does not tolerate:

• stagnant moisture; lack of sun; fresh organic fertilizer.

For a flower, a substrate from loamy soils with the addition of mature humus is suitable. The soil for planting is drained, loosened, without adding humus, fertilized with ammonium nitrate or superphosphate. The latest development of breeders is growing seedlings at home on peat tablets.

Peat is ideal for viola, as it does not retain moisture, retains heat, and contains nutrients. Growing violets in peat tablets provides high level seedling survival, drainage, nutrients and soil moisture. To grow a garden beauty in peat pots from seeds, you need to soak the tablets in water. When the peat swells, put the seeds on top and lightly cover with soil. (see video)

At home, seed germination is carried out in a dark place, covered with polyethylene to create the effect of a greenhouse.

How to plant viola seeds

Cultivation of tender violets begins in January-February, depending on the variety. To grow a viola from seed, it will take several months of painstaking daily care of fragile seedlings. Seeds are harvested from August.

After flowering, small boxes are formed, which dry out as the seeds ripen. Hurry up so that the boxes do not crack. A sign of ripe seeds is turning the box up.

The collected grains are cleaned, dried and stored in the refrigerator.

Seeds are sown in the ground in February-March in a greenhouse or containers for seedlings. When is the best time to plant a viola depends on the variety and when it blooms. For example, early flowering varieties should be sown in February in order to plant seedlings in open ground in April.

The seeds are sown in the soil, slightly moistened with a spray bottle. Sprinkle on top with sand, peat, or light soils.

When shoots appear, the plants dive. Planting of young shoots is carried out quickly to prevent thinning and stretching of the stem. The picking distance is kept 20x20 cm.

It is often practiced to plant seeds directly in individual pots. With the onset of summer, pots with seedlings are put on a balcony or flower bed, they are looked after as usual.

Planting seedlings and care

In April-May, viola seedlings are planted in open ground. Flowers love partial shade, but can be planted in sunny places. In the sun, the flowers grow large, but fade 2 times faster.

The flowers of the plant are cross-pollinated, so varieties should be planted at a distance from each other. Basic care:

• daily watering; fertilizing with mineral fertilizers every 2-3 weeks; weeding; covering for the winter with sawdust, spruce branches.

The main diseases of the plant are: Pansies are scientifically called Vitrocca violet. They are grown in summer cottages, decorating flower beds, as well as on balconies.

The plant is unpretentious: it can be transplanted even during the flowering period and planted in early spring, as soon as the snow leaves. Pansies bloom early and bloom profusely. If everything is done correctly, then their colorful flowers will delight the eye from spring to late autumn.

Pansies: growing

There are 2 main ways of cultivating pansies: growing from seeds and cuttings. Seeds can be planted in 2 ways: in open ground and boxes. When the plant fades, it leaves a fruit with seeds that are used for further sowing. Seeds can be harvested when the pod turns pale yellow or turns white. The seed will ripen during drying. You can store it for 3 years. Sowing pansies depends on the desired flowering period. For getting good flowering in early spring, they are sown in late June - early July of the previous year. Seeds are planted in nurseries or on well-cultivated beds in loose rows. They sprout 1 - 2 weeks after planting, and after 2 - 3 weeks you can see the emergence of sprouts. Sprouts dive, and at the end of August they are planted at the place of the intended flowering at a distance of 25 cm from each other. If you want to get flowers in the same year, it is recommended to sow the seeds in boxes. Then the seedlings are transplanted into a flower garden. Sowing seeds of pansies in boxes is carried out in February, scattering them over the surface of moistened soil. Do not forget to sprinkle them with a thin layer of earth. The boxes are placed in a dark place, maintaining a temperature of 15 - 20 degrees. They need to be covered with glass, and periodically ventilate and moisten the soil. When the seeds sprout, the temperature should be lowered to 10 degrees and the box with the sprouts should be placed in sunlight. You can dive seedlings of flowers in about 10 - 20 days. Planting in open ground is advised in May. If you have chosen to grow a plant using cuttings, you need to produce it immediately in open ground in May - June. The final green shoots with 2-3 nodes are cut from the bush. They are planted in a shaded area close to each other to a depth of 5 mm. Water the soil well and spray the cuttings with water. Roots appear in a month. If cuttings are made in the spring, pansies will bloom in summer or early autumn, and if closer to autumn, then in the spring of next year. Cuttings rejuvenate the plant, preventing the bushes from growing strongly. From the 1st large bush you can get 10 cuttings.

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Pansies: proper care

To date, about 400 species and several hundred varieties of pansies are known. Winter varieties bloom very early. The flowers of the Swiss large-flowered group are luxurious - these are plant varieties with a flower diameter of up to 10 cm.

Their coloration is with large spots, a border along the edge and stripes of different tones. The color palette is quite rich - it is yellow, orange, wine red, deep black, blue, blue and purple. Main varieties: Rhine Gold, Bride, Flame, Sunny kiss, Black King, Love duet. This plant is not whimsical to care for. Pansies are quite shade-tolerant, but if grown in partial shade, flowering will not be as plentiful, but longer.

For planting pansies, fertile and moist loamy soil is recommended. Make sure that the melt water does not stagnate, otherwise it can lead to rotting of the root system of the plant and its death. You need to water the flower 2-3 times a week.

On hot and dry days - daily. It is necessary to feed the plant with complex mineral fertilizers, which include phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and other trace elements. It is necessary to fertilize the violet both before budding and during flowering.

Seedlings can be fed with superphosphate and ammonium nitrate (20-40 g per 1 m?). Pansies cannot be fertilized with fresh manure. In order for the plant to bloom for a long time, remove faded flowers and dry leaves in time.

Be sure to weed the beds where pansies grow, removing weeds. Remember to loosen the ground. As for diseases and pests, aphids, cutworms, spotting, powdery mildew, blackleg, root and stem rot are common.

You may encounter these problems if you violate the agricultural practices of planting, growing and caring for pansies. You can fight pests and diseases with special preparations that are sold in gardening stores.

Summer business.

Pansies flowers: photo

Pansies - growing from seed

Wittrock violet or viola is a flower with a rather boring and not very memorable name. In our country, this plant has received a rather unusual and very sonorous name - Pansies.

The flower acquired this name thanks to an old legend that passed from mouth to mouth and has come down to our days. Once upon a time, a girl named Anna accompanied her beloved to the war. The guy left, the girl waited for him for a long time, but she didn’t wait.

Then she turned into a beautiful and completely different flower, to grow forever by the road and look into the distance, waiting for the return of her beloved. Today, the inhabitants of France, England and Poland give pansies when parting with a loved one. Among the early and gorgeous flowering plants, pansies have rightfully won their place of honor.

That is why they have gained particular popularity both among gardeners and among those who like to decorate their balconies and loggias with magnificent flowering plants. This plant is of particular interest to gardeners because it able to bloom in early spring. Viola is not afraid of frost, so it pleases the eye of amateur growers even when the rest of the flowers are just starting to raise their sprouts to the sky.

Pansies: growing from seeds

They start preparing pansies for sowing quite early: already in late January - early February, the first preparations are made. Growing wittrocks from seeds is a very painstaking task that requires strength and diligence to care for rather fragile seedlings.

The most important thing in this business is not to miss the moment when pansies, at the end of flowering, form special small boxes with seeds. As the seeds ripen, the bolls begin to dry out, the flaps of each of them fold along the upper vein like a closing book.

At this moment, the seeds with great force fly out of the box at a distance of up to two meters. That is why, if you want to grow seedlings from seeds, you need to collect the fruits of pansies in time, and then dry them in a closed bag and send them to the refrigerator for storage. If you dream grow a viola in the field, then in early spring you can plant seedlings directly into the greenhouse.

To decorate balconies, pansies are very often grown at home. For seedlings in this case, you must purchase a special container. Seeds should be scattered over the surface, slightly covering them with a thin layer of earth.

After that, it is necessary to place the box in a dark place and create a temperature in the room not higher than +20 degrees Celsius. After that, you need to moisten the soil abundantly. As a rule, the first shoots will appear a week after sowing.

At this point, it is necessary to place a container with germinated seeds in a well-lit place and lower the room temperature to +10 degrees Celsius. After 20 days, viola seedlings can be dived into larger containers.

The rapid planting of young shoots is explained by the fact that thinning and stretching of the stem should not be allowed, which can prevent the further harmonious growth of flowers. If you plan to decorate your home balcony or loggia with pansies, then you have every right to plant the seeds in separate pots, and with the onset of heat, put them on the balcony and take care of the plants as usual.

You can plant seedlings in open ground as early as May so that pansies bloom in summer. If you plan to plant the viola in hanging baskets or boxes at home on the balcony, then for pansies ideal option will garden soil with the addition of a pinch of prolonged fertilizer. When planting a viola in a garden, it is desirable to choose loose, organic-rich soils.

Seedlings must be placed at a distance of 30 cm from each other, and for compact varieties - 20 cm. When seating, you should try to place the seedlings so that the upper level of the earthen clod of each of the plants coincides with the ground level. Pansies are preferably planted in partial shade.

In extreme heat in the scorching sun, the viola will not form buds. In such a situation, the situation will be saved by increased soil moisture. It is advisable to plant pansies in a well-ventilated place.

This will reduce the risk of various diseases.

Pansies: propagation by cuttings

Propagation by cuttings in pansies begins around June, and is carried out in the open field. To do this, it is necessary to cut shoots with two or three knots from the bush. Then you need to plant the shoots to a depth of 0.5 cm tightly to each other and pour plenty of water.

There should be shade at the landing site. As a rule, after a month, the planted cuttings will begin to form a root system. This type of propagation does not allow the bushes to grow, which helps them to improve flowering.

If you cut the cuttings in the spring, then the seedlings will bloom this year, if at the end of summer, then in the spring of next year.

Care for pansies

Ironing pansies are very fond of abundant watering, so do not forget to do this as the topsoil dries. It is unacceptable to accumulate water in a pot or container. On a hot, fine day, it is better to spray the viola.

Such care promotes intensive growth, as well as the appearance of large buds and brightly colored flowers. Plants planted in spring are more resistant to attack by various pests. However, there is still a chance to get infected with spider mites and aphids.

In this case, it is necessary to treat the pansies with green soap or rinse them under a light pressure of water. Very often, the viola is affected by the invasion of caterpillars.

Insects can be repelled by spraying viola with tobacco infusion. Abundant watering of plants can lead to the development of diseases such as gray rot, blackleg and powdery mildew. Therefore, soil moisture should be closely monitored, especially in cool weather. Due to its amazing beauty, as well as unpretentiousness, pansies are an adornment of many balconies, loggias and gardens.

Viola can be sown immediately in open ground, but it is often grown through seedlings. Sowing at home or in a greenhouse allows you to carefully care for each seedling, which means that fewer seedlings die, which saves seeds. This is important if you have few seeds - for example, you bought a beautiful expensive variety. Also, pansies are sown on seedlings when they want to get abundant flowering in the very first summer. For example, when growing viola in balcony boxes and in flowerpots, it is necessary that it bloom magnificently already in the year of sowing, which means that it must be sown earlier than in open ground.

When to sow pansies for seedlings
The term for sowing viola for seedlings in the middle lane is from March 1 to March 10.

Soil mix for viola Land mix for sowing can be used ready-made, bought in a store. In order for the roots of seedlings to develop better, add a little washed sand to the purchased soil. You can prepare the soil for viola seedlings yourself. Mix equal amounts of turf or garden soil, peat, humus and sand. Mix the mixture and sift. So that the seedlings are not affected by the black leg, steam the prepared mixture in a double boiler for an hour. Steaming will destroy not only pathogens, but also weed seeds.

Fill a sowing dish with moist potting soil and compact lightly. Spread the viola seeds evenly over the surface of the soil. The easiest way to do this is with a small piece of paper.

You need to water the crops with a fine sprayer. Moisten the surface of the soil thoroughly.

Cover the bowl with glass or place it in a clean plastic bag.

Pansy seeds sprout best in the dark, so place the bowl in a warm, dark place. At a temperature of +22°C, viola sprouts appear 7-10 days after sowing. After the emergence of seedlings, place the bowl in a sunny place.

Make sure that the soil remains moderately moist all the time, and drops after watering do not remain on the leaves. Remove the cover a week after germination.

Viola seedling picking When the seedlings of pansies have 2 true leaves, it's time to dive.

Viola can be dived into a box according to the 5x5 cm scheme, as it tolerates transplantation well at almost any stage of development, even during flowering. But such seedlings after planting in the ground will require more attention, because when planting from a box, the roots are damaged in plants, and they need to recover. If you have enough space on the windowsill at home, then it is better to dive pansies into separate pots.

The composition of the soil for picking is the same as for sowing viola, only there is no need to sift and steam the soil. Add 1 tablespoon of mineral fertilizer (Nitrophoska, Azofoska) to the soil mixture per 2 liters of the mixture. Mix well. Fill her pots and compact a little. Plant pansy seedlings, one in each pot. When planting, make sure that the roots are freely placed in the hole and do not bend when it is backfilled.

If the roots do not fit in the hole, then pinch them. Seedlings that are too elongated when picking deepen to cotyledon leaves. Compact the soil around each seedling.

Water carefully.

Start watering from the edge of the pot. If, as a result of watering, the soil has settled heavily, it can be added, but do not fall asleep at the same time cotyledon leaves.

Put the seedlings in a bright place. It is enough to maintain the temperature at the level of +15…+17. Keep track of soil moisture. You need to feed the viola once every two weeks with a solution of mineral fertilizers for seedlings. With the onset of warm weather, seedlings can be placed in a greenhouse, greenhouse or on a balcony: where the temperature will not fall below 0 ° C. If you do not have such an opportunity, then 2 weeks before planting in a permanent place, start hardening the seedlings, gradually accustoming it to open air. In warm weather, plant pots of pansy seedlings in partial shade to avoid leaf scorch.
With proper care, by the end of May, the viola blooms and is ready for planting in a permanent place.

Planting a viola in the ground

The soil for planting a viola does not have to be fertile, but it is important that it is loose and breathable. Any cultivated will do garden soil. If the soil in your area is clayey and heavy, then fill it with peat and sand and apply a complete mineral fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the rate of 30-40 g per 1 sq. M. Dig well.

The scheme for planting a viola in a flower garden is 20 x 20 cm. If you plant flowers in one row, then the distance between plants can be reduced to 15 cm. Seedlings of pansies are planted in holes with a slight (about 1 cm) deepening of the root collar.

Water the seedlings well after planting.

Further care consists in regular feeding, loosening and watering.

With a lack of moisture, the viola quickly finishes flowering, so the soil must be constantly kept moist. In order for pansies to continue to bloom as long as possible, the set seeds must be removed in a timely manner, especially for plants planted in boxes and containers. Planted in the ground, viola gives self-sowing. Dried boxes crack and shoot seeds for some distance, so the next year after planting, flowering viola can be found in the most unexpected places.

When the viola bushes fade, cut them off, leaving 4-5 cm. After 2-3 weeks, new shoots form from sleeping buds and flowering will resume, it will be especially plentiful next spring.

Pansies, which can be grown at home, rightfully occupy a leading place among the early flowers. There is a huge variety of colors - from white, pale pink, to maroon.

The big advantages of plants are early flowering, unpretentiousness, frost resistance, simple breeding process, ease of care.

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Description of pansies

The correct name for this herbaceous plant is viola. In Ukrainian speech, you can hear another name - brothers, due to the fact that the flowers are very similar to each other, but not identical.

The original variety of viola has a bright blue color. Today there are more than 500 types of pansies. Often they have a very rich two-tone color - the petals of the same color contrast with a brighter and darker core.

Flower growers highly appreciate pansies for the abundance of varieties and variety of colors, thanks to which you can create a wide variety of compositions and harmoniously combine flowers with other types of decorative flora.

Flowers are most widespread in temperate latitudes, but despite this, pansies grow well in the subtropics. Climatic conditions make it possible to grow a perennial plant, but the most common varieties that delight with their lush flowering for two years, after which flower growers plant young plants.

Today, the flower has three most popular varieties:

• Violet Wittrock;
• Norichnikovye;
• Tricolor violet.

Selection work, carried out for more than a dozen years, has made it possible to obtain all kinds of hybrids of this plant, resistant to high temperatures and not stopping flowering throughout the season.

Flowers grow up to 30 centimeters long. Inflorescences have the form of a decorative violet. Among other features of the plant - a fibrous root system, an upright main shoot. Bushes of young pansies have a compost shape and then become sprawling. In the Russian climate, flowering begins in mid-April and can last until the end of summer.

Viola daily care

Caring for pansies does not take much effort. It is very important to choose the right place where the flowers will grow. To grow a strong, healthy plant, you need to plant it in lightly shaded places where the bright sun will fall for several hours a day. The flower will hurt in too shady areas of the garden. The same can be said about hot, sunny glades.

Watering is done depending on the degree of soil moisture. On rainy days, additional moistening of the substrate is not required. In the hot summer time, it is necessary to water the flowers once every two to three days. It is important that moisture does not stagnate in the soil, otherwise it can lead to rotting of the root system. The size and number of inflorescences depend on proper watering - with insufficient moisture, they decrease in size and become unhealthy.

Proper care, incl. watering, allows you to achieve continuous flowering throughout the summer season.

When breeding flowers at home, the need for mineral dressing occurs infrequently. Pansies, unlike other ornamental flora, feel good in fertile soil and without top dressing. Excess nitrogen fertilizer can harm the flower, promote the development of fungal diseases, especially in conditions of high humidity.

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Care provides for the timely seating of adult plants. Ideally, the distance between two bushes should be about 10 - 20 centimeters. Dense growth can lead to stagnation of moisture in the soil and the spread of the rotting process. To grow a beautiful flower, it is better to immediately provide for the correct distance when planting it.

Growing pansies from seeds

Flowers must be planted in soil with good drainage so that the plant feels good and does not grow in conditions of moisture accumulation. You can grow pansies from seeds or green cuttings. The most inexpensive way would be to independently grow seedlings for their further planting in the soil.

To grow seedlings from seeds, it is necessary to plant the plant in specially treated soil in an open area, or in a special nursery. Caring for the first sprouts is not laborious - it is enough to water and loosen the soil between young shoots in a timely manner. From the time of planting the seeds in the soil until the seedlings grow, 6-14 days pass.

Young shoots must be immediately planted in the place where the plant will overwinter. You can’t wait long, otherwise the young shoots grown from seeds will take root and grow, which will negatively affect the flowering of pansies in the future.

Properly planted flowers will delight you with lush blooms next season. In cold spring conditions, plants can be covered with a transparent film. In addition to maintaining a comfortable temperature during the cold season, no additional care is required for the flowers.

Vegetative propagation of flowers

When buying seeds, there is never an exact guarantee that a plant with exactly the characteristics indicated on the package will grow from them. Poor quality seeds may not germinate at all, or give weak shoots unsuitable for further picking and planting. From this side, the vegetative method of reproduction is more reliable. It guarantees the preservation of a pure variety of pansies.

To grow a flower vegetatively, it is necessary to choose strong, healthy cuttings that have 2 to 3 nodes. The most suitable period for such a procedure would be from May to July. Such shoots should be planted very tightly so that the leaves are in contact with each other - up to 400 plants can be planted per 1 square meter. After the procedure, it is necessary to irrigate the cuttings with water using a spray bottle.

Care for planted cuttings consists in thinning cuttings, timely watering and protection from negative environmental factors.

You can cover the plants with paper soaked in water to create a favorable microclimate. Rooting usually occurs a month after planting. The flowering of young plants comes closer to autumn, provided that they were planted no later than the first half of June. In October, it is better to transplant the cuttings to the place where pansies will overwinter. Full flowering occurs the next year.

The vegetative method allows you to rejuvenate old plants. In the third year of life, pansies grow at the expense of flowering, so this “rejuvenation” allows you to achieve lush flowering of those varieties that already grow in your garden. Unlike seed propagation, planting cuttings allows you to get more plants. One mother plant can produce up to 45 cuttings per season.

Caring for pansies is not too time-consuming and complicated. It is enough to choose the right place for the growth of flowers and timely water. The flower can be grown from seeds or cuttings obtained from the mother plant. Subject to these rules, the viola will delight with lush and bright flowering throughout the summer.

Pansies are charming and unpretentious. Decorate plots, balconies, city streets and parks. Their delicate petals and cheerful colors create a romantic mood. They belong to the violet family, in Latin they are called Viola (Viola).

These perennial herbaceous plants have many informal names: Ivan da Marya, scrofula, three-flowered, brothers, semi-flower, moth. In this publication, we will look at how to grow pansies from seeds, find out what kind of care a plant requires, and also when to plant it.

Pansies - growing from seed

Varieties

Two types are best known:

1. Violet multicolor with small flowers. in color yellow combined with purple or blue. It reaches a height of 30-45 cm. This type of violet is used in medicine for the manufacture of medicines.
2. Wittrock violet, which includes all hybrid varieties. They do not exceed 30 cm. In total, more than 400 species of viola grow on Earth, approximately 250 species have been “domesticated”.

There are many different varieties of pansies.

The classification is based on different bases:

1. Flower sizes (small: up to 4 cm; large: 4-6 cm; giant: from 6 cm).
2. The number of shades in the color (monochrome: one color with thin stripes or specks; two-color: the lower and upper petals have a different color; spotted: stand out in sharp contrasts).
3. The height of the bush (it ranges from 10 to 30 cm).
4. The shape of the edge of the petal (smooth or wavy).

Pansies are grown. as annuals and biennial plants. It makes no sense to keep the perennial longer - in the third year the flowers become smaller, the viola grows. Water once a week, during the rainy season - as needed.

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Reproduction methods

1. If you want to preserve all the properties of a varietal hybrid, cuttings are used. Green cuttings with 2-3 internodes are cut at the beginning of summer and planted in a prepared bed to a depth of half a centimeter. They create additional humidity: shade and cover with moistened paper. Systematically watered, irrigated and weeded. After 4 weeks, 95% of the cuttings will take root.
2. The division of the bush is least often used, and only in perennial culture. The bush is divided into several inflorescences and each is planted in a separate hole. Sprinkle, water and crush the soil.
3. Propagation by seeds at home and in open ground.

The latter method requires more detailed consideration.

Sowing dates

Pansies begin to bloom 60-70 days after sowing. Planting dates are calculated based on the desired flowering time:

The appearance of the first shoots

1. If it is necessary that pansies decorate the flower bed this summer, then the seeds for seedlings are planted in February-March of the same year. Part of the seedlings can be planted not in the garden, but in pots or balcony boxes.
2. When flowering is required already in early spring, the seeds are sown in late summer or autumn, so they will take root in winter and grow.
3. If flowering is desirable in late summer or September, the seeds are sown immediately in open ground in May and early June.

As the flowering fades, old buds should be removed. This will prolong the flowering period and preserve the viola's decorative effect. Pinching is recommended to stimulate the development of side shoots. This will increase the number of flowers on the bush.

Collection and preparation of seeds

The peculiarity of pansies is that they cross-pollinate. At the same time, the flowers become smaller and change color, lose specific features. Therefore, the growth of fallen seeds is not able to become the pride of the garden. To obtain decent seed material, it is necessary to maintain a large distance between varieties. Select the seed pods of the strongest plants. They are carefully collected when the color of the boxes changes to yellow, and dried.

Before planting, seeds can be treated with growth accelerators. This will increase their resistance to disease. For pre-soaking, Epin and Zircon have proven themselves well.

Sowing seeds

The optimum temperature in the first week after sowing is 20 degrees Celsius. When sown in open ground, flowering is expected next year. After all, the bushes need time to get stronger. If the bed is in a nursery, after a week, at most after 10 days, shoots can be expected.

seedlings of pansies

You can also sow in special containers. On this stage There are no packaging requirements. Can be used:

• plastic and wooden boxes;
• special trays for seedlings;
• cardboard and peat cups;
• peat tablets;
• disposable plastic cups;
• containers made by hand plastic bottles, cardboard packaging for juice or other food products.

Thin grooves are made in the soil, into which pansy seeds are evenly spread. Then they are covered with moistened soil. The box is placed in a dark place, covered with glass or polyethylene. From time to time, the boxes ventilate and moisten the substrate. Seedlings will appear within a week and a half.

Seedling care

When the seedlings hatch, the boxes are moved to a sunny (south) window. Monitor soil moisture. It is important to avoid stagnant moisture, pansies do not tolerate it. Waterlogging causes black leg disease. A week after moving, the shelter is removed from the box.

Viola needs a long daylight hours (up to 15 hours). With a short daylight hours, it stretches. This can be easily avoided if the seedlings are illuminated with special fitolamps or LED lamps.

Plants can be transplanted only after the appearance of leaves. About 8-9 days before planting, the boxes are taken out into open sunlight for hardening. It can be a balcony or a veranda, and from April - a street (at a temperature not lower than 10 ° C).

Types and terms of work when growing viola

picking

When the first pair of true leaves appear on the sprouts, you can start picking. Pansies tend to take root well. Even flowering bushes are transplanted. It is not necessary to shake the soil from the roots - the landing will go smoothly while maintaining an earthen clod. When picking, pinch the central root for better root formation.

The sprouts are transplanted immediately to a permanent place - in a flower pot, in a flower bed. Between plants maintain a distance of about 20 cm, so that the bushes have room to grow. It is necessary to ensure that the levels of the soil and the earthen coma coincide. Then there will be no decay or overdrying of the roots.

Seedling picking

If the seedlings are too stretched due to lack of light, they will have to be deepened to the cotyledon leaves. The holes should be of such a size that the roots in them do not bend. If they still do not fit, the tips of the roots can be pinched. After powdering the roots with soil, it is moistened and crushed.

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Planting is not done in bright sun. Days 20 after sowing, the viola can be fed with nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium. These substances will increase the growth rate of young bushes.

The soil

Violas do not like rocky, sandy and dry soil. The acidity level needs to be neutral. Soil for containers can be bought or made independently. Mix in equal proportions:

• peat;
• sod land;
• sand;
• humus.

The resulting substrate is sieved and steamed for disinfection. Before planting on the site, it is desirable to fertilize the soil with mineral fertilizer. Nitrophoska and Azofoska are suitable at the rate of 1 tablespoon per 2 liters of soil. If the soil is acidic, lime must be applied.

Important! Manure for pansies is contraindicated.

Wintering

In order to avoid disease with the black leg of pansies, they are not placed in lowlands where excess moisture can accumulate. In relation to light, the plant is quite photophilous, but not tropical. Therefore, in the south, it is recommended to choose slightly darkened places in order to prevent burns and leaf lethargy in the midday heat.

In central Russia, the viola growing in the shade gradually degenerates. The flowers are crushed, the rich color is lost, the stems are stretched and turn pale. Therefore, pansies are placed in flower beds that fall under the sun's rays for at least 6 hours daily.

Transplanting seedlings in open ground

Anyutki love oxygen, respond well to loosening. For the winter, biennial bushes are covered with spruce branches, straw or fallen leaves. In the event of an early thaw, there is a risk of water stagnation and freezing during night frosts. To avoid this, a shallow trench is dug along the beds to drain the water that has melted during the day.

In the article, the reader learned what pansies are, how to grow them from seeds, and when to plant the plant correctly.

How to grow pansies. Website Garden World»

Pansies are very beautiful and unpretentious variety flowers, which is also called tricolor violet or Viola, and among the people - Ivan da Marya. You can decorate a garden plot with it quite early - in the first fine May days.
Pansies love growing from seed when to plant experienced gardeners also easy to determine. For this, the date of landing in open ground is planned (in accordance with lunar calendars or according to the weather forecast), and approximately 90 days are subtracted from it. At this point, you need to plant flower seeds at home.

Why is it best to germinate these types of violets at home? Because, firstly, like few other plants, they are surprisingly easy to transplant. Even if the roots are damaged (which is not very rare when planting in open ground), the sprout still quickly recovers. Secondly, the flower quickly begins to bloom and delight others with beauty. And in some cases, when seedlings are bought (or grown on their own) already blooming, then there is no need to wait for the formation of inflorescences.

How to plant seedlings at home

Basically, tricolor violet is used to decorate garden plots, vegetable gardens, flower beds. She feels good at home, on balconies and verandas.

There are both annual forms of these flowers, and perennial. Today, many hybrid forms have been bred, which differ from each other in colors and inflorescence forms. Annual species are the most popular, as they require less attention, but at the same time they bloom profusely and beautifully.

There are also varieties of different forms of growth. Some representatives of Pansies spread densely on the surface of the earth, while others form into beautiful, correct bushes with large but rare flowers.
In horticulture, methods of growing pansies from seeds are very popular. You can buy them in many specialized stores, because they are often in good demand and are readily sold. seedling method cultivation does not require large expenditures, since any seeds are cheaper than a sprout that has already germinated and is ready for planting.

Usually in central Russia they start landing in early March. The interval from 1 to 10 is well suited for this purpose. With normal development, the flower will be ready to move to open areas in late May - early summer. The weather will be warm by then, so flowering will continue for a long time.

However, some gardeners who prefer to sell ready-made seedlings may start sowing in January-February or even at the end of December. Of course, they are forced to use artificial lighting and prevent temperature fluctuations in the place where the seedlings grow. But on the other hand, in the spring they can already sell fully formed and ready-to-plant bushes of tricolor violets, which in some cases even bloom. By the way, these flowers can be transplanted fearlessly even in a state of flowering.

Pansies are not very demanding on the ground. It is only important that the earth is sufficiently loose and easily breathable. Temperature regime for seeds, one that is maintained in the room in its normal state is quite suitable. Watering also does not require any special skills. So, for sure, even a novice amateur gardener will cope with growing seedlings of these wonderful flowers.

Preparing the container and soil for the tricolor violet

Pansy seeds can be sown both in purchased soil, and you can prepare the base yourself. In general, a lot depends on the number of seeds that you plan to grow.

If there are few flowers, then you can limit yourself to buying ready-made soil or use modern and very popular peat tablets. By the way, they absorb moisture well and retain it for a long time, because of this they are ideal for growing all garden crops for seedlings.

If there are a lot of seeds, then it would be a good idea to save some money and prepare the basis for the soil on your own. This does not require much effort. It is enough to collect ordinary earth from your site, add sand and a little peat there, so that the resulting mixture has sufficient air permeability. You can add a little humus for fertility. In order to protect seedlings, gardeners advise steaming the resulting soil for about an hour. This will destroy weed seeds that may be in the soil and kill pest larvae and pathogens.

Another soil mixture is garden soil and compost mixed in the same proportion. Such soil is harvested most often from autumn, and in early spring they are distributed in pots or other utensils prepared for seedlings. The mixture is allowed to stand for a day, moisturize and proceed to planting.

Any containers for tricolor violets will do. You can use both small cups and plant a little seed in them, as well as wide pallets. It is only necessary to moisten the soil well and tamp.

There are two ways to plant seeds in a container:

1. At the first, the seeds are simply scattered evenly over the area of ​​the seedling dish. Since the seeds are small, for convenience, you can pour them onto a sheet of paper and carefully pour them onto the ground. Pansies do not like light at first, so the seedlings are covered and placed in a warm place where the temperature should be around 20-22 degrees Celsius. Every day, you should open a small greenhouse for 10-15 minutes and let the plantation breathe.
2. In the second method, which is no less popular, shallow furrows are made in pots (less than a centimeter deep). Between the beds maintain a distance of 1-2 centimeters. Then the seeds are planted at small intervals (also 1-2 centimeters between them). Gently sprinkle with earth on top and cover with a lid or a transparent bag on top. With this method, it is not necessary to leave the dishes in a dark place: the seeds are already covered with soil.

Watering the greenhouse must be done very carefully. It is best to use a fine-grained spray gun for this purpose. It is important not to flood the soil. An experienced gardener understands the thin line between overdried soil and flooded soil easily.

Sometimes it is best not to water at all, but to moisten the soil in pots from time to time. However, Pansies are a rather patient flower, so you need to try hard to ruin it.

Usually the first shoots appear in about a week or two. However, today it is not uncommon for low-quality seeds that do not germinate at all. Or, plants are often found on sale that lie for a long time and are stored incorrectly. Then shoots may appear later - up to a month from the moment of planting.

Care, diseases and pests of seedlings

Pansies should be supervised periodically, but do not require constant monitoring. More precisely, it can be said that at the first stages it is important not to delay the need to remove the lid or bag from the seedlings when the first shoots appear. Since with the advent of the first green sprouts, you need to open the greenhouse and provide access to sunlight.

Attention! In fact, sunlight is essential for all types of plants. Of course, Pansies are no exception to the rule. But conditions middle lane Russia (and, even more so, the northern regions of the country) in March and April cannot give enough natural light.

As a rule, at the beginning of spring, the sun sets quite early, so at first it is possible to organize artificial lighting of the sprouts. For this, fluorescent lamps are most often used. As a rule, about 16 hours of daylight is enough for proper growth. It may not be so long to “light up” the plants, but remember that less than 12 hours of light for sprouts will delay their development and, as expected, will move the timing of transplanting into open ground.

Watering seedlings is best from a spray bottle. But it is done carefully. If small drops of water fall on the leaves, then they must be carefully removed.

After the sprouts have two formed leaves, then you need to dive seedlings. As noted, the seeds of Pansies are small, so plants can spawn close together. They must be transplanted into small pots as soon as they are ready for this. In size, cups measuring 5x5 centimeters are quite suitable.

Before picking, it is necessary to prepare the future soil for the flower. It is best to use the same soil that was used for seedlings. For every two liters of volume, add a tablespoon of fertilizers rich in minerals for growth (well-known preparations like Nitrophoska, Azofoska are well suited). By the way, this time there is no need to calcine the soil mixture or sift it.

Each sprout is planted in its own pot. In the process of working with seedlings, try to be careful with the root system. It is still poorly formed, and if it is damaged, then the growth of flowers can be inhibited. However, in case of urgent need, when the root has formed very large and branched so much that it does not fit in the hole, you will have to shorten it a little. This is much better than trying to wrap the root system.

It is better to sprinkle the plants almost to the very first leaves. The soil is compacted a little so that the seedlings sit tight. After you can water the sprouts. If using a watering can, then pour water around the edge of the pot. Add a little soil if necessary.

On this, perhaps, the picking ends. The ambient temperature sufficient for normal growth is recommended within 15-17 degrees. Then you only need to water and make sure that you feed the sprouts every two weeks. In addition to applying liquid mineral fertilizers, top dressing diluted in water for irrigation will be a good help. For 3 liters, it is enough to dilute 1 tablespoon. It is better to apply with a sprayer so as to get on the green mass. Wipe off excess drops from the leaves.

When the weather is warm outside, and the night frosts are over, you can take out the seedlings on Fresh air. The main thing is to prevent drafts from freely walking on the tops of fragile flowers at first.

And about two weeks before you plan to land on open ground, start taking out the dishes with seedlings on the street. At first, 1-2 hours daily will be enough for such “walks”. But each time you need to increase their duration. Right before planting, it is in the order of things to leave seedlings in pots on the street and overnight.

An important condition that should not be neglected is to put Pansies in a shady place. Direct sunlight can burn the leaves.

Diseases and pests

Of course, if you do not look for some factors, then Pansies can be affected by viruses or pests, the same ones that are detrimental to many other representatives of the flora.

Quite rarely, powdery mildew or rust is found on tricolor violets. When the first virus is affected, a whitish coating appears on the entire green mass of the plant. At the second - yellow specks. In both cases, it is necessary, firstly, to get rid of the affected areas by carefully cutting them off. Secondly, treat the entire sprout with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

Mature plants in case of severe waterlogging can become ill with serious diseases. One of them is rot, which appears both on the roots and on the visible, above-ground part of the flowers. It is expressed by the appearance of brownish spots, the gradual withering of Pansies. The only way out is to remove affected flowers to protect healthy ones. After it is important to reduce watering.

Of the insect pests, you can most often encounter aphids, slugs and spider mites. Basically, they harm the greenery of flowers, gnaw through holes, interfere with full and rapid development, and spoil the appearance.

Some of them are hard to deal with. Especially against slugs that feed on foliage at night. To combat them, boards are laid next to the flower garden and individuals are manually collected every morning. After they destroy. Fight against aphids effectively ladybugs, which can be populated on flowers.

In dry weather, a white light cobweb may appear on the leaves. On it, with magnification or even with the naked eye with acute vision, you can see small spiders. Best to fight spider mites helps frequent spraying with plain water or a solution of water with laundry soap or loose tobacco. If nothing helps, then they resort to insecticide treatment (for example, Fufanon solution at the dosage prescribed by the manufacturer).

Preparing the garden for planting

No special preparation is required. The soil in your garden may not even be very fertile. The only thing is, if the soil is very clayey, then it is better to add a little sand or peat to ensure sufficient air permeability.

It will not be superfluous to feed. To do this, you can use nitrogen-containing, as well as phosphorus or potash fertilizers. The main thing is not to mix everything together, but to choose one thing. Or wait a break between different top dressings for at least a week. Sprouts are planted at a distance of 15-20 centimeters from each other. After all the procedures and sprinkling with earth, pour the soil abundantly.

Whole further care behind the beds will consist in periodic feeding, fairly frequent loosening (since the flower loves porous soil) and watering. For top dressing in open areas, liquid fertilizers are quite enough, which can be applied along with water (kemira is widespread).

Pansies do not like to go hungry without water, so one of the key features of long and abundant flowering is regular, but not excessive watering. If you have a perennial plant, then after it fades, cut the bushes, leaving 4-5 centimeters of the stem. The following year, this bush will again give an ovary and will bloom. Many experienced gardeners also advise timely pinching off those inflorescences that have withered and faded. Then new buds will appear faster in their place, and flowering will last.

At the end of the season, cracked boxes can be found on Pansies, in which the seeds ripened. This means that next year you can find these beautiful, self-grown flowers in different parts of your garden.

Conclusion

Sooner or later, any gardener wakes up with an acute desire not only to grow a good, rich crop on his site for food in the winter. With the advent of experience, I want to make my site more beautiful, neater, more elegant. And there is little else that can compare with when resorting to professional flower growing.

Probably, there is nothing easier than to start with breeding violets - easy to care for, not very demanding on environmental conditions and special, close attention to themselves. Pansies or tricolor violets (as well as Ivan da Marya) are a flower that is easy to find on sale, and also quickly bred on your site. Therefore, when it comes time to plant Pansies for growing from seeds, do not miss this opportunity.

This business will definitely not cause much trouble, and when the time comes, your beds will be transformed and will delight you with beautiful flowering until autumn. Yes, and you will not need to take care of the plantings from morning to evening. In fact, just water on time.

In the future, the cultivation of Pansies will turn into an annual activity, because you can both plant perennials and independently collect seeds from the beds and year after year become the author of your own, unique flower arrangements.