What mushrooms are easier to grow at home. How to grow mushrooms at home? Growing in plastic bags

Growing mushrooms at home is a complex and time-consuming process. Mushrooms are rich in nutrients, vitamins, macro- and microelements, fiber, which is useful for the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Mushrooms grown at home include champignons, shiitake, oyster mushrooms, lion's mane.

Types of technologies

Before growing mushrooms, you need to decide on the technology. Experts identify several methods for growing mushrooms at home, including the main (traditional) and alternative (non-traditional) technology for breeding eukaryotic organisms.

Before growing a mushroom at home using the first technique, it is recommended to determine its type. H beginners are recommended to breed 3 types of plants of the kingdom in question:

1. Oyster mushrooms.
2. Champignon.
3. Shiitake.

What mushrooms can be grown at home (video)

The choice of the medium on which the organisms will germinate depends on the type of group. Oyster mushrooms prefer to grow in straw, champignons - in compost manure, and shiitake - on deciduous sawdust. Before growing mushrooms, you need to buy a mycelium, presented in the form of sawdust with mycelium of the fungus (root structure). To grow mushrooms at home, you will need to use the appropriate mycelium.

Rhizome from fine threads can be bought in specialized organic stores. Often gardeners confuse mycelium with spores. The latter are a kind of mushroom seeds (not seedlings, as in the mycelium). Growing mushrooms at home from spores takes more time and practice.

Mini mushroom box for champignons (video)

The next step is to clean the nutrient medium. Before settling the mycelium on a nutrient medium (if we are talking about straw or sawdust), it is recommended to clean it from microorganisms that can harm it, or compete with the mycelium. To do this, you need to sterilize it. Then you need to put the straw or sawdust in a heat-resistant container, adding water. Dishes are placed in the microwave or placed on the stove. The water should boil. This procedure will be able to kill all microorganisms, protecting the soil for mycelium.

Soil sterilization for mushrooms (video)

Additional work

Before planting mycelium on a nutrient medium, it is recommended to heat it b (heat stimulates and greatly accelerates the growth of fungi). Mycelium should be evenly applied to the soil, mixing it with your hands. The resulting mixture is placed in a pre-prepared container. Dishes with mycelium are placed on an electric pillow (temperature not higher than 20 0 C). The design is stored in a dark place for 20-23 days. These conditions well stimulate the growth of mycelium and its distribution in the soil.

After the specified period, the container with the nutrient medium is transferred to a dark and cool room (temperature up to 15 0 C). This can be a basement, a barn in the warm season, and in winter - a closet or box located in an unheated room at home. It is recommended to lay out a ball of soil on top of the medium with a thin layer, which is plentifully irrigated with water. The main rule is that the environment should always be moist and cool. To prevent moisture loss, it is recommended to cover the soil container with a damp towel.

After 2-3 weeks, small mushrooms should appear.

To speed up the growth of small indoor mushrooms, it is recommended to keep them in a cool and dark place. The crop is harvested after the caps are separated from the legs. Experts do not advise pulling out mushrooms with your hands, as their root system may be damaged or the growth of small organisms may be disturbed. It is recommended to use a sharp knife for harvesting. Mushrooms are cut off at the base of the stem. The harvested crop can be cooked immediately or stored in the refrigerator for up to 10 days. In this case, a paper bag is used.

Non-traditional breeding methods

You can grow a mushroom at home using non-traditional or alternative methods:

• logs of deciduous trees;
• coffee grounds;
• the use of special devices.

In the first case, birch corks are driven into the logs of deciduous trees, populated with fungal mycelium. These plugs can be purchased at a gardening store. This technology of growing mushrooms is used for mushrooms, reishi, lion's mane, chanterelles, pearl mushrooms. Principle of operation: it is recommended to find a log from a deciduous, but not aromatic tree (oak, maple, poplar) beforehand. Before planting, at least 2 weeks must pass so that all the antifungal properties of the tree disappear from the log.

Its length should not exceed 10 cm, and its diameter should not exceed 35 cm. With such dimensions, you will need an average of up to 50 birch plugs. To set them, holes should be made (over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe log) with a depth of 5 cm. To do this, you need a 5x16 drill. Holes are made in 10 cm increments. Plugs are hammered into the holes. They must then be sealed with beeswax to protect them from pests and the weather. If the log is stored indoors, in a garage or basement, then the plugs will not be sealed.

The mycelium preliminarily spreads along the log, and then mushrooms sprout from the cracks. On average, this process takes 12-14 months. This takes into account weather conditions, humidity and ambient temperature.

How to grow an oyster mushroom on a tree (video)

Coffee grounds and specialty sets

Coffee grounds are an ideal breeding ground for some types of mushrooms (oyster mushrooms). It has a lot of nutrients and is ready to be populated with micelles. This is due to its sterility. Microorganisms are destroyed during the coffee brewing process. For 0.5 kg of micelles, you need 2.5 kg of grounds. A special bag made of geotextile - Grow bag is used as a container for the nutrient medium. Otherwise, a milk container or an ice cream box with 4 side holes is used.

The next step is to evenly distribute the mycelium in the coffee grounds. The mixture is thoroughly mixed by hand. Then it is laid out in a container, which is recommended to be tightly closed and placed in a dark place (temperature 18-25 0 C). Shelf life - 20-25 days.

When growing mushrooms, experts recommend watering the soil 1-2 times a day. The indicator of the next stage is the whitening of the soil - this is the uniform growth of mycelium in the thick. Then the container is transferred to a bright room, but to a shaded place. A 5x5 cm hole is cut out on the box. The soil is watered several times a day. In this case, it is necessary to periodically monitor the soil moisture. At first, the mushrooms will be small, and after 5-7 days the caps will begin to separate from the legs. Harvesting is underway. Coffee grounds are planted in compost or under the bark (for the germination of new mushrooms).

For gardeners, special kits have been created for growing mushrooms at home, which consist of a plastic bag with a sterilized and inoculated medium (straw or soil). How it works: The package is pre-opened. It is stored in a bright place, but not in direct sunlight. It is recommended to water the medium several times a day.

Some sets are equipped with plastic tents that protect the soil from moisture loss. On average, mushrooms begin to grow within 3-5 days. Using this technology, you can grow champignons, lion's mane, shiitake, oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms begin to germinate within 1-2 weeks. At the end of this process, the soil is transplanted into compost (outdoors).

Before choosing one of the above technologies for growing mushrooms at home, it is recommended to consult with experts.

Gallery: mushrooms at home (15 photos)

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If growing mushrooms at home as a business appeals to you, this article is for you!

First you need to decide on a place for growing. It is important to know that mushrooms need an air humidity of at least 90%. The air temperature during the growth period is about 20 degrees Celsius, and during the fruiting period - only 10 - 15 degrees. It is impossible to comply with such conditions in an apartment, especially considering the heating season. The most enthusiastic of the beginners equip a balcony or loggia for growing mushrooms. This method, although considered expensive, is quite acceptable. The best option is the presence of a private house with a barn or cellar. It is easiest to create the desired microclimate there.

Another factor to consider when choosing a place is that fungal spores are an allergen. Constant exposure to a room where there is a mycelium can adversely affect health, causing coughing, skin reactions, and tearing.

There are several types of mushrooms that mushroom pickers have learned to grow at home:

• They are unpretentious, do not require particularly expensive equipment. They are considered the most useful due to the high content of polysaccharides, essential amino acids. When taken regularly, they are an excellent antitumor prophylaxis.
• Champignon. A familiar mushroom that can be grown all year round in a greenhouse or barn.
• . Chinese mushroom, which has many useful properties and has excellent taste.
• . There is a summer and winter variety. They give a good harvest. Unlike forest counterparts, they are edible as a whole, their leg is as soft as a hat.

These are the main varieties. Many people try to grow ring mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, truffles, forest species in their backyards.

Necessary knowledge for beginners

If you are trying to grow mushrooms at home for the first time, you need to know the basic rules for growing mushrooms. It is very important to decide on the choice of mushroom variety, because each species needs certain growing conditions and its own temperature regime. It is best to choose the variety for the cultivation of which it is possible to create the most suitable conditions. It is also important to know the basis of the technological process. To start the process, you need to purchase mycelium - a mycelium, which is a seedling of mushrooms. It is placed in the substrate where it germinates. They sell rye mycelium (grain infected with fungal spores), or on wooden bars. The second method is preferable: the tree is less susceptible to the penetration of the virus into the mycelium. It is better to buy mycelium from a trusted seller, the yield will depend on the quality of the seedlings.

Substrates can also be purchased ready-made for the selected type of mushroom. They are produced under sterile conditions, which will enable the fruits to grow without pathologies and infections. The substrate consists of plant residues and fertilizers, forming with fungi mycorrhiza - the root of the fungus. Thanks to this connection, the mycelium will receive the necessary nutrition and will bear fruit well. For champignons, a substrate containing sawdust of deciduous trees is perfect, for oyster mushrooms - alder or birch sawdust, for shiitake - oak substrate.

Ways to grow mushrooms at home and on the street

For the first experience of growing oyster mushrooms are best. They do not need special conditions to maintain humidity and temperature. A small greenhouse, barn or equipped balcony is fine. Mycelium must be mixed with the substrate and poured into a plastic bag of the appropriate size. For 3 days, place the bag on a special rack. Then you need to make several cuts for oxygen access. The room should be completely dark, and the temperature should reach 20 degrees Celsius.

When mushrooms appear through the slots, about 20 days should pass. Now the temperature must be lowered by 10 degrees, the lighting turned on for 12 hours and ventilated with a fan. To maintain the required humidity (90%), spray bags, walls and floors with water. Harvest can be harvested in a week.

After harvesting, place the bags with the substrate again in a dark room for a week. Then the mushrooms will start growing again. The more crops removed from the bag, the smaller the mushrooms will become. One sowing is enough for 5-6 times, then you need to change the substrate with mycelium. Do not throw away the waste material, it will make an excellent fertilizer for any plants. It is very important to always use fresh mycelium, do not buy it with a margin. If the mycelium deteriorates (acquires a characteristic smell), use will become impossible.

Mushrooms on the street

If there is a plot of land - you can plant wild mushrooms on it. Consider the trees growing on the site. Interaction with their roots is necessary for the normal development of the mycelium. If deciduous species predominate, give preference to chanterelles or boletus, if conifers - to saffron milk cap or porcini mushroom.

But the simplest mushrooms are much easier to grow. To do this, you need a sawn tree. In the stumps, you need to make a lot of holes and cuts, and then “settle” the mycelium there. Then place in a warm, damp place. When the mushrooms sprout, half-bury the stumps in the ground, not forgetting to constantly water. If it is difficult to find a tree to cut, you can replace it with a wooden box or simply enclose a small piece of land.

You can use natural mycelium: bring a fragment of a tree with a mycelium from the forest and put it on a prepared garden site, creating similar conditions. On the ground there should be grass, foliage, constant moisture, the place should be located in the shade. Landing is best done in the fall before the onset of cold weather. If the weather is favorable, a small number of mushrooms will grow next year. In a year, the yield will increase significantly.

The subtleties of technology

There are several problems that beginners often face: mold and yeast. Mold can be seen immediately by the characteristic green spots. Many advise to immediately get rid of such a substrate in order to prevent further infection. But there is a less radical way: you need to separate the infected block or bag from the total, trying to harvest from it.

There is an opinion that when the temperature drops, the growth of mold slows down, and the fungi continue to grow. Oyster mushrooms proved the validity of such a statement. Even when infected with mold, you can harvest, justifying the costs. It is worth noting that such a nuisance happens infrequently: oyster mushrooms capture the entire substrate without losing the ability to ripen.

Another disease is yeast. Infection with them occurs from an excess of moisture, when the mycelium does not have time to absorb it. Yeast colonies can be detected by yellow spots. They have a gel consistency and do not leak out even after punctures. The method of struggle is identical to the fight against mold: separate from healthy bags, harvesting if possible.

A common cause of frustration in beginners is the slow filling of the substrate with mycelium. Experienced mushroom growers know that the bags do not need to be shaken up - the mycelium changes its place, trying to adapt to the new one. We must give her time to settle down and start bearing fruit. Be sure to try to adhere to all technological parameters (light, humidity, heat). For many years, professionals have been developing growing technology, bringing it to perfection, there is no point in inventing something new, because the payback is 100%.

Growing champignons

Mini mushroom farm

A mini-farm for growing champignons is quite a feasible task for a beginner. Desire, patience and adequate costs are the components of success. Having a dacha, it will not be difficult to create a small mushroom farm. First you need to prepare the beds by choosing a shady, moist area. Then make a recess (50 cm). Pour sand, fine gravel at the bottom of the trench, and compost on top. You can buy prepared compost, or you can make it yourself: soak the straw with hot water, adding any manure with ammonium nitrate or gypsum. Mycelium is mixed with compost and compacted to maintain the desired moisture.

To insure against excessive heat, you can build a canopy from a film. Shoots will appear in a couple of weeks. During this period, it is important to monitor soil moisture by watering (rain) water. Do not forget to loosen the ground - so the mushrooms will grow faster.

You can also establish a greenhouse cultivation of champignons, getting a crop all year round. For both outdoors and greenhouses, sprinkle the mycelium on top of the compost spread out in boxes or bags, then mix with the soil (about 5 cm). Seedlings will appear in about a week. In order for the efforts to be successful, you need to take care of the temperature in the greenhouse - it should be 15 - 16 degrees.

Important condition- air humidity - fluctuations will lead to drying of the compost or rotting of the mycelium. 90% is the optimal indicator. Watering should be frequent, but not plentiful. Loosening the soil, airing without drafts are important steps on the way to harvest. A week later, the champignons bear fruit. This phase lasts 10 days. After a short break - a new crop.

How to grow a healthy crop

Mushrooms have their own diseases that need to be disposed of. If gray putrefactive spots appear, remove the fungus along with the mycelium by filling the hole with fresh soil. If “rusty” spots are added to the gray ones, the mushroom must be burned, and the clothes must be disinfected along with the garden tool. In case of mold damage, it is necessary to treat the area around the fungus with ordinary salt. Do not use chemistry - mushrooms are an excellent absorbent, they can not be eaten later.

Insect pests can bring a lot of trouble. You can fight them with the help of preventive measures, special processing of the greenhouse and equipment. The tick can significantly damage the crop. Carefully inspect the fruits: a pinkish hat and a brown leg at the base are a sure sign of the presence of a tick. Such fruits must be removed, the soil is disinfected, the rows of champignons are sprayed with a special solution.

To obtain a healthy crop, mandatory watering is required 1 time in 4 days. Mushrooms are watered using 2 liters of water per 1 square meter. Harvest starting with healthy fruits. Having collected the infected fruits separately, take them outside the greenhouse and destroy them by filling the holes with soil. This way you can prevent the spread of the disease.

If you plant cucumbers and squash next to mushrooms, you can get 2 crops. The benefits will be obvious: the mycelium feeds on oxygen, and pumpkin crops on carbon dioxide. Such gas exchange allows you not to follow the ventilation, and the leaves of these crops will create the necessary microclimate for mushrooms.

Basic requirements for growing mushrooms at home

The most stringent requirements are imposed on the substrate, compost, as well as on the growth regime:

• The substrate must match the composition of the variety of mushrooms that is selected for cultivation.
• Compost should contain straw, manure, superphosphate, organic fertilizers. It must "burn out" at a temperature of 60 degrees, becoming loose, airy, without a pungent odor.
• During the period of mushroom growth, the temperature of the compost does not exceed 20 degrees, while the room should not warm up above 15 degrees.
• Optimum air humidity is from 75 to 90%.
• Ventilation as a method of combating carbon dioxide.

Observing all the conditions of the technological process, you can get a rich, healthy harvest of the selected mushroom variety. The first time may seem difficult, but as in any business, you need to have patience and the necessary knowledge, and experience will definitely appear.

A hobby may well become a profitable business - a high payback at minimal cost allows you to count on it.

White mushrooms are valued for their unique aromatic and gustatory properties. This is one of the most popular types of mushrooms among gourmets around the globe. They contain a huge amount of nutrients, fiber and vegetable proteins. The only drawback is the seasonality of this species, because you can only see them for sale in a warm autumn, in the midst of the mushroom season. Of course, it is very pleasant to go in search of mushrooms in the forest or buy them from experienced mushroom pickers, but it is even more pleasant when they grow in your country house.

In this article, you will learn how in a parallel universe you can grow porcini mushrooms at home on a personal plot, but in practice such an undertaking will end an absolute failure. Let's try to figure out why.

To grow a white mushroom at home, you will have to sweat pretty and uselessly. The thing is that this variety is in close symbiosis with its habitat, namely trees (spruces, oaks, pines, birches). They do not grow under the leaves, but in places with a moss cover.

Mushrooms are very demanding on the climate, and their largest harvest can be observed after a foggy night, with high humidity. The place for growing porcini mushrooms should be well lit and warm. However, to recreate similar climatic conditions for home growing impossible!

Do not pay attention on found articles and videos on the Internet, this is all pure deception, just read the comments!

Requirements for the premises and conditions for growing porcini mushrooms at home: necessary equipment

As a rule, in various articles they write that it is possible to grow porcini mushrooms in personal plots, recreating their natural environment or in greenhouses (specially equipped premises). An ordinary greenhouse that is empty after the last harvest is also suitable.

Many desperate advisers offer to grow porcini mushrooms even at home on the windowsill.

However, you should not consider the option of growing porcini mushrooms at home on windowsills or on a balcony - this is the same waste of time. We repeat once again, home conditions are absolutely not suitable for this lesson.

In some articles, you can read that an isolated basement will be an ideal option for intensive cultivation of porcini mushrooms, as it retains temperature and humidity well. But this is not enough! To grow mushrooms at home, you will need special equipment, which includes:

1. Heating system with temperature controller. The optimum temperature for growing porcini mushrooms is 15° - 18°C. To maintain the required temperature level, you will need a heating system.
2. Air conditioning system. Any varieties of mushrooms, including porcini, grow exclusively in the fresh air. In a closed room, at high temperature and high humidity, the air becomes stale and saturated with carbon dioxide, which significantly slows down their development. The room must be systematically ventilated. To do this, special hoods are installed that eliminate dirty air and supply fresh air.
3. Daylight lamps. Ceps are very photophilous, as they grow in nature in open areas. That is why their mycelium has to be highlighted. It is best to use special lamps with diffused lighting for greenhouses. They can be purchased at any major garden center.
4. Shelving. To optimize the space in the room, special racks are installed on which containers with the substrate are placed. This allows you to fill the area more rationally and significantly increase the number of landing sites. Naturally, you can do without racks by placing containers on the floor, but with this method, containers will fit much less. As containers for growing, you can use plastic pots, plastic bottles of 6 liters, felt bags.

Before proceeding with the planting of mycelium, it is necessary to disinfect the premises. The floor and shelving are treated with a 0.4% sulfate solution, and the walls and ceiling are covered with a mixture of lime and copper sulfate. Additionally, the room is treated with a smoke bomb.

Note! Do not believe these tips, no equipment will help you grow porcini mushrooms at home. Another thing - or!

How to grow porcini mushrooms at home: growing technology

The equipment of the basement in the greenhouse for growing mushrooms should not hit the budget. All materials are available and easily replaceable. It is important to do everything right so that the invested funds do not go to waste, but pay off and bring income. For this, it is necessary to strictly follow the technology of growing porcini mushrooms.

Note! There is no technology for growing white mushrooms at home! Everything that is written below is fiction of storytellers!

Substrate preparation

As mentioned earlier, the difficulty of growing porcini mushrooms lies in recreating the conditions of their natural habitat, namely in fertile soil. Specialized stores sell ready-made soil for growing mushrooms, but no manufacturer will give you a guarantee of the quality of such a substrate. You can prepare a fertile, natural and high-quality mixture yourself, and most importantly, it will be completely free. To do this, you need to collect dry field grass, dry leaves of trees (birch, oak, acorn), small twigs with needles of coniferous plants. It is recommended to add some dried moss to the substrate. All components must be dry, as they must be chopped in a special garden processor. White fungus grows in sandy and loamy soils. In the already crushed mixture, add a little sifted sand and dry clay in a 4: 1 ratio. The substrate for growing porcini mushrooms should be infused for about two weeks before planting in a dry and warm place.

Selection and purchase of mycelium

For ready-made substrates, purchased mycelium of various varieties is used. Plant it according to the manufacturer's instructions. If you prepared the soil yourself, then the planting material should be prepared accordingly. Already formed white mushrooms are suitable as seedlings, you can even use a spoiled mushroom, the main thing is that the hat remains intact. Next, you need to separate the caps and twist them into meat grinders or chop them very finely with a knife. Crushed caps are placed for 4 hours in a weak solution of manganese (1 gram per 10 liters) and sugar (10 cubes). Thus, you get a nutrient mixture that contains fungal spores.

Landing

The already prepared substrate must be distributed among the planting containers. The substrate is poured in an even layer of 30 - 35 centimeters, slightly pressing down on the top layer to create a more even relief. Drainage should be placed at the bottom of the container, which will give an air gap, and the fertile soil will breathe, because this is very important for mushrooms. Further, planting material is evenly distributed over the surface, which must again be covered with a substrate (about 3–4 cm from above), without pressing down. At the time of planting, the room temperature should be 27 ° and remain at this level until the first shoots.

Further care

After planting, the first shoots appear already on the 7-9th day. It is very important to maintain the correct climatic conditions, temperature, humidity and lighting. The entire period from planting to germination, the temperature is maintained at the same level. It is necessary to regularly moisten the soil and indoor air. To do this, you can use ordinary sprayers and spray the soil with them. Near heaters, it is recommended to place containers with water or hang wet towels, sheets, rags. In this way, you will achieve optimal air humidity. Twice a day it is necessary to ventilate the room so that there is a good supply of oxygen. Ceps are photophilous, so they will have to be illuminated with fluorescent lamps (5 to 6 hours a day). After germination, the room temperature should be lowered by 10 °, to about 16 ° - 17 °. After the first harvest, the mycelium will come out and will be above the level of fertile soil. To avoid drying out, the mycelium should be sprinkled with the substrate that remains. For a larger offspring, a fifth of ammonium nitrate is added to the substrate. The soil is evenly scattered, covering the legs of the mushrooms.

Harvesting

Already 22 - 25 days after planting, you can harvest the first crop. The fruiting period of porcini mushrooms is 40 - 45 days with a frequency of 10 -12 days. Mushrooms are recommended not to be cut with a knife, as many prefer, but to twist carefully so as not to damage the mycelium. The hole that remains after the removal of the fungus must be sprinkled, a new one will grow in that place. Subject to all the rules of cultivation, from one m² you can collect about 20 - 25 kg!

Important! Do not believe such videos, but rather just read the comments below it.

You can grow oyster mushrooms, champignons and shiitake mushrooms. Each species has its own requirements for the conditions of detention. For example, oyster mushrooms need 16-20 degrees, champignons - at least 24 and not more than 28 degrees, and shiitake -12 degrees and specially harvested. Yes, and the waiting time for the harvest is different: oyster mushrooms and champignons begin to be cut in 30-40 days, and the main harvest of wood shiitake comes not earlier than next year and lasts up to three years. Choose oyster mushrooms for which it is easier to provide all the growth conditions.

Prepare the room

For growing oyster mushrooms, you can use any above-ground or underground room. A basement, a barn, a garage, a vegetable store are suitable - a space where you can create a certain temperature regime, humidity, lighting and ventilation. Bearing in mind that from 10 to 30 kg of mushrooms can be obtained from one square meter, determine the size of the room to obtain the desired crop. Be sure to make the floor concrete or brick, plaster the walls and whitewash with lime. After bringing the premises in order, it is necessary to carry out a complex of surfaces and all inventory.

Prepare the main substrate

Growing mushrooms is impossible without a nutrient medium - a substrate. Sawdust, sunflower husks, cereal straw are suitable for it. Grind the starting material, soak in boiling water and boil. Squeeze so that the water comes out slightly if you squeeze the mass in your fist.

Plant mycelium

Evenly add the mycelium (mycelium) to the substrate cooled to 30 degrees at the rate of 300-500 g for every 10 kg of the medium. Place wet cuts in bags and tie. Transfer the formed mushroom blocks to a dark room with high humidity. Hang the bags or arrange them on racks so that they are easily accessible.

Create conditions for growth

During the incubation period, maintain the air temperature at 20-25 degrees, and the humidity at 90-95%. For quick germination and gas exchange, make 10-12 holes in each mushroom block on both sides.

Take care of growing mushrooms

When the bags turn white, lower the temperature to 16-20 degrees. Now we need some lighting. If the blocks are placed in the basement, one 100 watt light bulb is enough for 20 square meters. In addition, the duration of illumination is only 8-9 hours per day. Ventilate your plantation regularly - mushrooms actively emit carbon dioxide. If the room is small, you can use natural or forced ventilation for this - household appliances or hoods.

Harvest properly so that the mushroom block is ready for the next fruiting. To do this, after the first collection, seal the holes in the bags and make new cuts not far from the previous ones. While waiting for the harvest, do not let the mushrooms outgrow - this will only restrain the growth of the next wave of oyster mushrooms, and they do not become tastier from this.

There are more than enough mushroom lovers in our country! Only here, for a trip to the forest for a “silent hunt”, accompanying weather and certain climatic conditions are needed. Not everyone will think about growing mushrooms at home, and even almost on an industrial scale. Most people think it's fantasy. However, everything is real. And how to breed mushrooms in a greenhouse or at home, we will tell further.

The very idea of ​​\u200b\u200bgrowing mushrooms at home poses a choice of a specific type. All varieties suitable for home breeding do not require special material costs or additional efforts. The only exception is champignons, but an experienced gardener will cope with this problem. The choice must be made, first of all, based on the desired profit. All varieties of mushrooms suitable for growing at home can be classified into two main types:

• wood;
• soil.

The former include the well-known shiitake, oyster mushrooms, as well as winter mushrooms. But to the second - no less popular champignons and ringlets. Even with small areas, the harvest can be excellent. That is why these varieties are recommended for cultivation on an industrial scale.

Growing technology for beginners

The bulk of the time that is needed to grow mushrooms is spent on creating a mycelium. However, the advice of experienced mushroom growers suggests that it is better to grow this material on your own. After all, even the best and most trusted suppliers fail from time to time. Mushroom can be grown in two ways:

• in the grain substrate;
• on wooden sticks.

The choice depends on what kind of mushrooms you plan to grow.

Growing mushrooms on nutrient substrate

Mycelium breeding

Mycelium is grown in a specific substrate. It is recommended to take care that its chemical and mineral composition is as similar as possible to that in which mushrooms grow naturally. The composition of this medium must be selected again, depending on the type of mushrooms grown.

For example, shiitake trees feel more comfortable in wood, champignons in compost, but oyster mushrooms prefer straw. With proper care, chopped straw, as well as sawdust, can provide a crop of any of the listed types of mushrooms. However, the substrate must be of high quality. This is ensured by its dryness, the absence of mold, as well as unpleasant odors and third-party impurities.

Wheat straw is best suited for growing mushrooms. You can also use rye or barley. Oyster mushrooms can be propagated in sunflower husks. However, only fresh material should be used, since pathogenic bacteria can perfectly multiply in the outdated one.

Mycelium is the basis in which there is a large number of germinated fungal spores. As soon as this base is placed in the substrate, the process of active growth begins. Initially, only the appearance of thin threads can be observed, which eventually turn into edible mushrooms.

It is worth buying high-quality planting material only in specialized stores. Preference should be given to wood in which there are viable fungal spores. They will be more disease resistant. Rather than planted from grain mycelium. You can also buy regular mushroom spores. Only in this case, it will take more time and effort to grow your crop. The procedure will resemble the cultivation of any crop from seeds. Beginners should avoid this method.

To get the maximum yield, the mycelium should spread as thoroughly as possible in the compost. To do this, it is necessary that the landings are warm. You can heat them with a special electric pillow. Heat is needed only during the incubation period. Once mushrooms enter their growth phase, they are best kept cool. A glazed and insulated balcony is well suited for this.

When growing mushrooms in residential premises, it is necessary to prevent the phase of their maturation. Otherwise, spores thrown into the air can provoke allergic reactions and even asthma.

As a rule, seedlings appear in the third week after planting the mycelium. Readiness for harvesting is determined by the hat. You need to cut off the finished mushrooms only with a knife so as not to injure those that are still in the soil and are just getting ready to harvest. Ready-made collection can be used both immediately and after preliminary freezing.

Other ways to grow mushrooms at home

In addition to the main ones, there are also additional ways to grow mushrooms. True, they do not bring such a large-scale result and are used mainly by children as experiments. For example, some types of mushrooms can be grown on log blanks. For this logs up to half a meter long are cut from hardwoods. This must be done at least 2 weeks before settling with mycelium.

In the resulting workpiece, holes are made in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 10 cm. After that, sticks with mycelium must be compacted. For this procedure, you can use a hammer.

Before starting work, it is necessary to disinfect your hands and make sure that there is no debris in the holes.

Logs filled with mycelium are placed in the basement and wait until it fills the entire space. The procedure is lengthy and can take up to 1 year. The key conditions are temperature and humidity.

A known method of growing mushrooms on coffee grounds. It contains many trace elements:

• manganese;
• potassium;
• magnesium;
• nitrogen.

This environment is ideal for oyster mushrooms. In addition, coffee grounds do not need to be subjected to additional sterilization. The disadvantage of this method is that it is very difficult to get a large amount of freshly dried cake at home. You will have to ask for it at the nearest cafe. The container for growing can be regular freezer bags or ice cream containers.

Mycelium must be mixed with cake, and then tightly close the container. For storage, it can be determined under the sink. Germination time will be about 1 month. As soon as the surface turns white, a small hole needs to be cut in the top of the bag. Through it, it is necessary to spray with water 2 times a day. After a week, you will notice how small mushrooms begin to grow.

Growing porcini mushrooms and other species at home for beginners is a very exciting and useful activity. The needs of your family can be fully satisfied, even without special skills and large areas. The main thing is patience and the desire to see the result. After all, you can grow them all year round!