Attic ventilation: overview of current schemes and methods of their implementation. Why is ventilation needed in the attic and how to do it? Cold roof ventilation

A hipped roof is a structural and functional element of a building that is known to every builder.

The triangular end slopes are called hips, which is where the main name for the roof of a house of this type comes from.

They replaced vertical gables on all sides of the building.

The reason hip roofs are so popular is that they are very resistant to wind loads due to their increased aerodynamics, they are more rigid and reliable due to the triangular slopes.

In addition, it is worth noting that hip hip roofs are quite stylish and aesthetic elements that can give any building originality, improving its external shape. Such a roof is not difficult to make.

In this article you will find out what the device is hipped roof.

Like any other type of roof, a hip roof has special type roofing pie.

It consists of the following structural elements:

• Lathing;
• Counter grille;
• Hydrobarrier;
• Vapor barrier;
• Drywall.

Each of the above elements fulfill their important function and has individual characteristics. Today the market building materials rich enough, therefore, as a roofing material for a hip roof, you can choose both piece and sheet products.

Lathing

Rafter system

In order for the hip roof to be sufficiently rigid and reliable, it is necessary to arrange all its elements in a certain way.

Sloping types of rafters must be attached to internal corners walls, while diagonal - to the outer. This is fundamentally important. Due to the fact that the slanted rafters bear a large load, their length should also be greater.

Mowing rafter legs should become a support for the shortened rafters of the slopes, which are called narozhniki. Most often they are made from two paired legs.

Diagonal rafters must be supported by one or two supports. For this purpose, racks made of timber are used. The struts should be placed in such a way that an angle of 45 degrees is formed between them and the horizontal support.

The intermediate rafter legs should rest on one side of the ridge beam and the other on the mauerlat. They should be placed in steps of 1-1.2 meters. Every second rafter is best connected to load-bearing walls using twists.

They can be made from ordinary wires, the radius of which is 2 millimeters. Using a reverse bracket, the intermediate frame should be connected to the Mauerlat.

The half-legs or half-legs (as they are often called) should rest on the mauerlat on one side and on the diagonal leg on the other.

Device rafter system hipped roof: drawings and diagrams below.

Drawing of the rafter system

Rafter system diagram

Knots of a hipped roof

It is important to note that there are certain sufficient complex knots rafter systems, which always raise a lot of questions among builders.

This applies to fixing the rafter legs to the mauerlat, connecting the rafter legs to each other and attaching the ridge beam to the rafter legs.

In order to fix the rafter legs to the Mauerlat, you need to use a rigid mount.

It can be done in the following ways:

• Using corners installed on both sides of the rafter leg;
• By driving a nail diagonally through the rafter into the mauerlat;
• Specially created brackets for this purpose;
• Sliding fastening.

Rafter legs can be connected to each other in different ways:

• Using bolts after laying them on top of the ridge beam;
• Having made special recesses for the timber and connecting the legs above it with nails;
• By adjusting the rafters to the selected angle and connecting them together with metal or wooden plates on both sides.

To ensure that the hip side of the roof is durable enough, it is necessary to connect the rafter legs to the beam as follows:

• Diagonal rafters are cut in such a way that it ideally fits the shape of the beam, with which they must be fastened with nails on top;
• Laying the ridge beam on the posts and fastening it on both sides with wooden overlays from boards.

It is worth remembering that the rigidity of the entire structure is equal to the rigidity of its weakest unit. Therefore, it is very important to make connections as securely as possible.

Mounting the Mauerlat

Conclusion

The durability of the entire structure depends on how the roof is constructed. That's why work should be carried out carefully and carefully. If you have no experience in this, it is best to turn to qualified specialists or take help from someone who has already erected hip roofs. Their device is complex, but the result is worth the effort.

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Typically, owners of private houses rarely think about the need for ventilation of the under-roof space. Although the correct calculation of attic ventilation allows you to solve a number of problems in the future, for example, such as:

• formation of moisture in the attic due to condensation of vapors;
• mold formation and, as a consequence, damage to the truss structure;
• formation of ice on the eaves overhang;
• shortened service life waterproofing coatings roofs;
• unstable and unbalanced temperature regime, if the attic is located above the attic.

At the stage of building a house, you should design the entire ventilation system, including the attic. The services of professionals should not be neglected, since the absence or improperly designed ventilation system of a private house will create many problems for its residents in the future:

• lack of inflow fresh air;
• violation of air exchange of the supply and exhaust system;
• formation of condensation on different surfaces;
• formation of “stale” air in rooms;
• improper removal of air from the kitchen, bathroom, etc.

If the attic is not used in a private house, then in this case there should be good thermal insulation between residential and non-residential premises. Used as ventilation for cold attic spaces. natural circulation air, as in the photo below.

Through special vents under the overhangs of the roof structure there will be an influx of fresh air. Through special ventilation holes or grilles, wet warm air goes outside. The holes can be made on the roof slope or on the gables at the top.

Attention: for every 500 square meters area attic space a ventilation opening area of ​​at least 1 m² must be provided. If you do not follow these recommendations, the ventilation will not be effective enough.

Ventilation for heated under-roof space

If the attic is used and heated, then in this case it is necessary to ensure effective ventilation of the under-roof space.

If the attic provides living space with year-round accommodation, then experts advise using a supply and exhaust ventilation system. For the under-roof space, a counter-lattice should be installed using ventilation gaps.

General diagram of ventilation of a private house in case of application supply and exhaust systems should also include an attic space. In addition, not only the volume of the premises is taken into account, but also the type of roof, thermal insulation material and other nuances. All system development work supply and exhaust ventilation must be performed by qualified personnel. It is very important to do the right system supply and exhaust ventilation that would work effectively on each floor of the house, incl. and in the attic.

Air exhaust to the outside

To remove air from the attic, a ventilated grille is used in the gable. It is used for unused cold attics. Suitable for hip, broken and gable roofs. Such gratings are open all year round, which ensures constant exhaust and removal of air from the attic.

A special ridge on the roof is the most universal method, which is used for both warm and cold roofs.

In this case, a special grid is created on the metal tiles or corrugated sheets under the ridge strip. Thanks to this design, condensation that will form during the cool season will not enter the room, but will flow down the slope onto the roof.

Special aerators – additional elements, which are installed directly on the roof and serve to remove exhaust air from the under-roof space.

Attention: special aerators not only allow you to effectively remove exhaust air, but also prevent the penetration and formation of condensation.

In the aerator, air is discharged through the ventilation hole in the roof quite quickly due to the special design of the element.

Tip: the aerator can be installed when a private house has been in use for a long time, and ventilation for the attic was not provided or was not efficient enough.

Air supply

Elements such as special vents for eaves provide fresh air under the roof. The installation of the vents is carried out vertically, as shown in the photo below, and a strip for the cornice with small gaps is installed on top of them.

Please note: when correct installation vents for eaves not only provide ventilation attic floor, but also effectively remove condensate.

Ventilation soffits are special barrier grilles that provide an influx of fresh air.

Soffits are installed at the lower end of the overhang using special barrier grilles.

The more often ventilation holes are installed in the soffit, the more effective the flow of cold air into the attic and under-roof space will be.

Conclusion

To summarize the above, we can do next output: proper ventilation attic or attic space allows for durability roofing and rafter system, as well as normal air exchange.

The company "Mega.ru" accepts orders for the design of ventilation, power supply and other engineering systems for buildings and premises for public and private purposes. To clarify the details of cooperation, contact our employees by going to the section.

Many people forget about ventilation when arranging their attic. However, this should not be done. Good ventilation of a cold attic helps prevent the development of microorganisms and the formation of mold on its structural elements. This extends the service life of the roof several times.

Used to ventilate a cold attic various designs. Such measures allow you to regulate the microclimate in the room. IN summer period The roof temperature can rise to 100°C. This immediately affects the climate inside the house. Competently organized ventilation equalizes temperatures outside and inside the attic. This helps create comfort.

IN winter period there is a high probability of roof icing, which seriously affects the service life of the rafter system. Here additional loads on the floors appear. Ventilation allows you to get rid of excess ice formations on the roof, protecting it from overload.

Dispelling modern myths

There is an opinion that if a ventilation system is installed in a cold attic, inconvenience and discomfort arise in the house. Let's try to dispel some myths about this.

Many people still believe that it is through ventilation that warm air escapes outside in winter. Actually this is not true. This is due to poor-quality thermal insulation of the attic space. If during its installation the rules and instructions were violated, then cold and humid air will regularly enter the attic space. In this case, favorable conditions for rotting and mold formation.

Some believe that the presence of a ventilation system should only be used in the warm season, that such structures are intended only for ventilation. This is wrong. In winter, icicles form on the roof and snow melts, which can serve as an impetus for the formation of mold and mildew.

It is believed that what bigger hole in the attic, the better the ventilation of the room. However, here everything depends on the total area of ​​the holes. They shouldn't have large diameter. It is quite enough to place 1 sq.m of holes per 500 sq.m of roof. On the contrary, it is better to use many small structural elements. In this case, ventilation becomes more efficient and uniform.

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Types of cold attic ventilation

Now it's time to talk about the main types, as well as the process of their construction. Ventilation in a cold attic must be regulated. You can arrange stitching with gaps. They will ensure continuous air circulation in the attic. At the same time, she herself rafter part(including the sheathing) should not be closed.

If slate is used as a roofing material, organize artificial ventilation not worth it. The design itself allows air to circulate well. At the same time, it easily enters the attic through the waves and exits through them. If metal tiles are used as a roofing material, then they also allow air flow. However, in this case, ventilation cannot be avoided, since such a coating must be accompanied by the installation of a vapor barrier.

When installing a gable roof, ventilation ducts placed in the gables. Here you can simply organize loose lining of wooden overhangs. If the cracks that will form as a result of these manipulations will have small size, the attic will be ventilated evenly. If it is not possible to organize loose sewing of the slopes, then holes will have to be made in the roof in any case. The hole area should be approximately 0.2% of total area roofs. They must be located on opposite walls.

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Additional points and features

You can organize ventilation in a cold attic in another way. For example, they have proven themselves to be very effective ventilation grates. This method is economical from all points of view. In this case, you need to use two such elements. One grille is mounted with the holes facing down, and the other is made adjustable. In this case, you can prevent insects from entering the attic by installing a mosquito net.

As many types of roofs exist, there are as many types of organization of cold attic ventilation as there are. For hip roof this design will be completely different from what was done for gable roof. This is where the inlet and outlet holes are made. The first is organized in the hem, and the second - at the top of the ridge. If the binder is organized wooden beams, then you can try leaving a few millimeters when laying the beams. Sometimes they are used for these purposes plastic panels. In this situation, their standard options will not work. Better to use special panels with holes. These openings are called soffits.

The question often arises of how to organize ventilation in the attic if the sheathing is tightly packed. Here you need to use special grilles. Their mesh has a size of 5 cm. They are placed at a distance of 90 cm along the entire length of the overhang. The pitch may vary depending on the type of roof. The upper output is made outward.

A lot in the process of installing ventilation depends on the type of roof.

If slate is used, then the ridge is installed in its classic form. For flexible roofing a turtle or valve is mounted. If a ceramic roof is installed, a special valve is used. When organizing a roof using metal tiles, you can use an ordinary ridge for ventilation. It will save money on a valve that is inexpensive. The skate is a universal system. It allows you to organize ventilation in a short time.

Sometimes people make a dormer window. It can be left unchanged, glazed or a grille installed on it. This method is inferior to the ridge, as it is more complex in terms of organization. To work you will need high level theoretical and practical skills. Not everyone can cope with organizing such a ventilation system in a cold attic.

When modeling an attic in a private house, you need to create good ventilation. Properly installed cold attic ventilation is important to ensure a healthy microclimate under the roof of the home. Insufficient aeration significantly reduces the service life of the structure.

Do you need ventilation in a cold attic?

No amount of house sealing can completely isolate steam from entering the attic. According to the law of thermodynamics, warm air rises to the top, and steam finds a way out in any case. The floors are mainly made of wood. On wooden surfaces When moisture accumulates, a natural environment is formed for the development of various destructive microorganisms and mold. Unpleasant musty odors and a feeling of dampness appear. An unhealthy microclimate in the room as a whole is created.

Temperature changes contribute to constant condensation and, if there is no ventilation of the cold attic, rapid wear of the structure occurs.

Reasons for condensation:

• lack of good ventilation;
• violation of roof insulation;
• insufficient waterproofing;
• lack of ventilation ducts;
• defects in building materials.

Ventilation according to technical rules, protects the structure from damage.

Cold attic - non-residential premises under the roof of a building without decorative finishing. The issue of ventilation is important to decide during the creation of a house project, when planning the features of the roof configuration.

Ventilation functioning - depending on the selected materials

The main task of ventilating a cold attic is constant air exchange. In order for the set goal to be realized optimally, it is necessary to evaluate the quality and type of roofing material used. Each of them has features.

If slate or ondulin is chosen for laying the roof, then the air easily moves between the wavy bends into the attic area and also freely flows out.

When creating ventilation for a cold attic using metal tiles, it is important to lay vapor barrier film, as condensation forms. The metal tiles are ventilated through the ridge seal. For a gable roof, ventilation ducts are located on the gables. High-quality ventilation is carried out when uniform distribution gaps

There are also some nuances when installing a hip roof. In this case, the inlet hole should be located in the hem, and the outlet hole should be located near the ridge. This type of roof is hipped and has no gables.

When working with flexible tiles it is necessary to install a ventilated ridge, for classic “ceramics” - a roof vent.

When using overhangs of wood blocks in the filing, an interval of several millimeters should be maintained. When sewing with plastic, holes are made in the elements. The hem is called a soffit.

Is it possible to ventilate a cold attic?

Proper air exchange is necessary to:

• avoid the accumulation of fumes coming from the house;
• protect the wooden frame of the attic from moisture;
• counteract the formation of fungus;
• maintain a constant temperature.

Provided that ventilation of the attic space is created - cold attic
from home, moisture accumulation cannot be avoided. On uninsulated roofs, a thick layer of condensation quickly forms. Even if the roof were insulated, condensation could not be avoided, but in this case the walls of the house would become wet.

A frequently asked question is: is it possible to vent ventilation into a cold attic?

It is possible to remove it, but this type of ventilation is the wrong solution and leads to disruption of the microclimate of the attic space, damage to wooden structure, gradual rotting, inevitable wear and tear.

1. Install the necessary ventilation elements to protect the vents from debris, leaves, branches and insects - on ridges, eaves, ridges, valleys.
2. Protect ventilation gaps from dust.
3. Regardless of the characteristics of the roof, make the area of ​​the ventilation channels 400-500 cm2/m.
4. Check that the ventilation channels are not narrowed to avoid condensation due to insufficient air circulation.
5. Use auxiliary ventilation structures if the length of the roof covering is more than 10 meters.
6. Avoid significant expansion of the gap, as the resulting turbulence reduces air exchange under the roof.
7. Ensure ventilation insulation in the attic so that the ventilation system pipelines are not subject to temperature changes and can function uninterruptedly.

From the author: Hello, dear readers! After living in a private house for a couple of years, many owners decide to install ventilation in the attic, primarily due to the appearance unpleasant odor and dampness. In this article we will tell you how to make ventilation for a cold attic in a private house with your own hands.

Reasons for installation

The attic in a private house must be equipped ventilation system. This fact is important for the premises at any time of the year.

In summer, the heat from the hot roof moves into the room and sometimes heats it up to 150 degrees. The main share of heat is distributed at the top, and the air conditioner operates in enhanced mode. And in its absence, home owners are forced to suffer from stuffiness and heat.

In winter, ventilation helps remove accumulated moisture. According to requirements technical safety the temperature in the attic and the street should differ by no more than 4 degrees, since sudden temperature changes create favorable conditions for the accumulation of condensation, which subsequently forms icicles. With the onset of a thaw, they melt and moisture falls on the floor, which leads to deformation and destruction. ceiling structure and roofs, appears on the rafters.

Despite the importance of ventilation, many owners are afraid to install it because they think that warm air escapes through the grilles in the attic and the room cools faster. In fact, the reason lies in poor-quality thermal insulation of the ceiling and walls, moreover, through poorly insulated ceilings Moisture is seeping into the attic.

Important: Ventilation of a cold attic on a hip or hip roof is needed, most often, only in the summer.

Ventilation grilles in the attic of a private house play important role for thermoregulation. If installed correctly, they will save on heating costs, provide the required degree of cooling and protect the room from negative external influences. In addition to all the above advantages, attic ventilation prevents winter precipitation from accumulating on the roof of the building.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system

Unimpeded air circulation from the street under the roof space is possible due to openings, the most effective of which are located under the overhang and in the ridges. This arrangement allows the use of air-thermal pressure emanating from the ceiling area.

If the attic ventilation is installed according to all the rules, in an hour's time the air flow passes under the roof of the room twice - the movement is directed from the bottom up to the ridges with holes from the vents.

Advice: if there is an insulated roof, a gap of approximately 5 cm wide is left between the roof and the insulating layer for free air exchange.

To provide high-quality hood a combination of installed ridge elements and vents in the ridge itself is necessary. For tiled roofs, special tiles with air exchange vents are used.

There is another way to ventilate the attic - installing ventilation turbines (deflectors) for mechanical draft. This type installation is recommended for ventilation of insulated attic space above the attic.

Source: growinggarden.ru

Important: When installing ventilation, you need to pay attention to the slope of the roof. Ridge vents filled with snow can be replaced with pipes that exceed the height of the snow cover.

Ventilation window

The oldest known in the attic is the ventilation window. For good air exchange, under-eaves and ridge vents are sufficient, as well as dormer windows. Hip roof assumed to have no pediments. In this case there is no room for ventilation windows, and such attics are ventilated with eaves and ridge vents.

The situation is more complicated with attic ventilation under the attic. In this case, the role of ventilation is played by the cracks in the inter-roof space. A mandatory element of such a roof is mechanical traction devices. The ventilation outlet is located in the columns.

Dormer windows

Without installing a system of vents and vents for air exchange, dormer windows can be installed in the attic. However, this method is not effective enough, since air can stagnate in the space under and above the window.

To improve ventilation and reduce the level of stagnant air, it is recommended to make dormer windows measuring 60x80 cm, placing them in opposite gables. You can find out how to do the installation yourself by watching the video .

In theory, it looks like this: for pre-made wooden frames, which are attached to the rafters with special racks, is laid roofing material. For finishing openings, ordinary lining is suitable. Then a window frame is mounted into the opening. In this case, the gaps between the roof and the frame itself are tightly closed.

Rules for installing ventilation windows:

• Ventilation vents, roof and roof vents are required;
• the distance between windows is no more than 1 m;
• equal distance of windows from the cornice, sides and ridge;
• window design should not violate the overall concept appearance buildings.

Ventilation ducts

Vents are openings to provide air exchange in a cold or warm attic. They are in the roof and are the only possible way ventilation of the attic without dormer windows.

There are two types of vents: cornice or ridge. Eaves are located on both sides of the eaves and, in fact, are a gap between the wall and the roof, the width of which is approximately 2 cm. They are called slotted. Vents made in the form of holes are called point vents. The width and diameter of the vents should be no more than 2.5 cm, depending on the slope of the slopes.

Ridge vents have a slotted shape up to 5 cm wide or a weather vane shape with intervals not exceeding 8 meters. This type of vents is also used in tiled coverings, with holes one row from the ridge.

Vents for the top layer of the roof are made in the form of a retractable roof outlet, aerators or a gable grille. All these elements can be purchased along with the rest of the building material.

Aerators

The roof aerator is by far the most convenient and modern look ventilation ducts. Aerators provide good air exchange by removing excess moisture, steam and stagnant air in the cold attic of a private house; they are installed on roof slopes, replacing ridge analogues.

There are point aerators, with built-in fans to ensure proper air circulation, and continuous (ridge) aerators, which are a plate with holes located along the ridge. The latter are covered from above with a roof. They provide constant air exchange and are unnoticeable.

Source: allremont59.ru

Source: stroydom.guru

All types of roof aerators are made from:

• ceramics;
• metal ceramics;
• bitumen shingles;
• flat roof.

Aerators are usually installed in places with eaves vents. But there are other options for their placement:

• point models are installed at a distance of no further than 50 cm from the ridge;
• aerators extend beyond the slot by 25 cm from both ends of the ridge;
• aerators are suitable exclusively for roofs with a slope of 15 to 45 degrees;
• the distance from the wall or chimney is at least 30cm.

Ventilation calculation

Before installing attic ventilation, it is recommended to carry out accurate calculations. Only a specialist can guarantee results. But if you still decide to calculate and carry out the installation yourself, our recommendations and advice will undoubtedly help you.