We have heating systems for industrial premises. How to efficiently heat warehouses

Heating of industrial buildings is an important issue, which in most cases is solved by non-standard methods. The fact is that such premises are usually created for certain technological processes. And their sizes are individual, unlike residential ones. The area of ​​such structures can vary from tens to several thousand square meters. Each one has its own height. Often the working area that needs to be heated is small.

Features of industrial heating

Heating of industrial premises, unlike residential ones, has some features:

1. Heating equipment must be as efficient as possible.
2. The location of the installations does not play a role, especially in terms of aesthetics.
3. There are buildings where it is necessary to maintain the desired temperature only in certain areas. Others need to be heated completely.
4. It is important to consider heat loss.

Suitable equipment is selected depending on the premises and needs.

Efficient types of industrial heating

There are many manufacturers offering various industrial heating systems. The most effective of them are:

• steam;
• water;
• air;
• electrical.

Let's consider each in more detail.

Steam heating

It should be immediately clarified that this type of heating is placed in buildings where there is no emission of aerosols and combustible gases, as well as constant dust. For example, such heating is not suitable for workshops for the production of paving slabs.

Advantages:

1. Constant high temperature (often exceeding one hundred degrees).
2. The room warms up in no time. If necessary, it is also cooled quickly.
3. The number of floors in the building does not play any role.

Important! Steam heating of industrial plants is ideal for intermittent heating.

Like any other system, this one has its drawbacks:

1. Constant loud noise during operation.
2. It is almost impossible to regulate the amount of steam and heat transfer.

If we calculate the installation of equipment for a building of 500 square meters and a ceiling height of 3 meters, the approximate cost of maintenance in the winter period will be from 30 to 90 thousand rubles. Such a considerable difference depends on the frequency of use and fuel.

Water heating

The main component of this heating system, which is used in industrial buildings, is a boiler that can operate on almost any type of energy carrier: electricity, gas, liquid and solid fuels. The most economical (for the same premises) is gas - about $ 1,300 per season, or coal - 1,500. Other options are most often more expensive, and therefore you should not consider them.

There are some features of water heating:

• high pressure;
• it is possible to maintain a standby temperature that allows the building not to freeze through;
• if the temperature in the room drops to zero, the unit may fail;
• if the equipment is not used, antifreeze is added.

air heating

One of the main features of air heating of household and industrial premises is the ability to produce it in a certain area or throughout the area. This type of heating is characterized by the following factors:

1. Air is always moving.
2. Constant filtering and updating.
3. The temperature distribution occurs evenly throughout the formation.
4. Safe for humans.

Basically, such installations take air directly from the room, so as not to heat it up once again. After that, it is filtered, brought to the required temperature and sent back inside. This allows you to significantly reduce costs. But outside air is also supplied.

Local industrial heating involves the use of only internal resources.

The main advantage of such a system is the rapid heating of the room. However, it has a number of disadvantages:

1. According to the laws of physics, hot air rises, and cold air remains at the bottom. It turns out that with low ceilings, a person’s head will be in a hot area, and his legs in a cold one. And only the torso will be normal. This often negatively affects the body, leading to diseases.
2. Large power consumption.
3. If the installation is local, it dries the air, which makes it necessary to additionally use humidifiers.

Electric heating

Heating with this type of energy carrier allows you to use a variety of developments. So, for example, if the area of ​​the enterprise is small, you can install infrared emitters. Such systems are great for warehouses.

In addition, thermal curtains have proven themselves well. Usually they are installed in places where air from outside can get inside - entrance doors. With the help of heat, a barrier is created that does not allow cold to enter the room. This system is convenient, but it will not always fully heat the building, so there may be a need for additional equipment. Using this method will cost the owner about 7.5 thousand dollars for the heating season. So with such expenses, you can think about choosing another method.

Today, many experts consider ceiling systems to be the most effective - innovative technologies that allow you to quickly achieve the desired result. A significant difference between radiant installations is the heating of the floor, walls and objects inside the building. In this case, the air is heated only from them. It turns out that the employees' legs and torso are warm, and the head is cool. In this regard, it is possible to avoid the development of diseases or colds among workers.

There are many advantages:

1. Heating of a local zone.
2. Long service life without any reconstruction work.
3. Location on the minimum area.
4. The technology has a small mass, which is why the installation of industrial heating is quick and easy. Such heating is suitable for any room.
5. Fast heating of the provided area.
6. Such equipment is perfect for buildings that have problems with enough electricity.

Sometimes infrared heating is installed in the form of wall panels. This solution is often used in service stations, hangars and warehouses of low height.

Many experts believe that it is radiant heaters that are better than others for heating industrial premises, since they not only speed up the production process, but also have a beneficial effect on the health of employees.

Well, there is a lot of equipment that allows you to heat production facilities. They feed on various raw materials and are used for different situations. The main thing to do is to decide on specific goals, to select the right technology for the existing conditions.

The heating of industrial buildings has its own characteristics and requires a special approach to the issue, moreover, an individual one in each case. Heat sources for various heating methods are most often industrial boilers operating on different energy carriers. The purpose of this article is to consider the existing heating systems for industrial premises, the requirements for them and the types of boiler plants for the production of thermal energy.

Industrial heating systems

To organize the heating of industrial premises, it is necessary to take into account the cardinal differences between industrial buildings and residential and administrative buildings. They are as follows:

• large dimensions and ceiling heights;
• low degree of insulation;
• the presence of many drafts or constantly opening doorways;
• the presence of technological equipment that generates heat;
• emissions into the space of workshops of harmful substances that must be removed;
• the cost of energy carriers for the industry, as a rule, is higher than for the population.

In addition to the above features, industrial heating systems for heating buildings must provide optimal temperatures in the workplace or maintain the microclimate required for the storage of a particular product.

Note. The values ​​of temperatures at workplaces are prescribed in the regulatory documentation; in different countries of the post-Soviet space, these data may differ. As for the conditions of storage of products or equipment, it is impossible to list all of them; an individual approach is required here.

Currently, to create certain conditions in the premises, the following heating systems for industrial buildings are used:

• water;
• air;
• infrared heating.

Traditional one- and two-pipe systems, where water is used as a heat carrier, successfully operate in buildings of small and medium area with ceiling heights up to 5 m. heating inefficient. Usually the role of heating devices is played by steel registers made of smooth pipes or convectors.

In buildings whose ceilings are at a height of 5 m or more, water heating with registers becomes impractical. Warm air heated by batteries rises to the upper area of ​​the shop, leaving the lower part, where people work, cold. At metallurgical and chemical enterprises, water heating of industrial premises will also not be effective, even despite the low height of the buildings.

The reason is a large number of harmful substances released during technological processes. They are removed using supply and exhaust ventilation, due to which the air in the workshop is updated 4-10 times per hour, it is impossible to quickly warm it up with radiators. In practice, 2 systems are combined into one and air heating of buildings is organized. Moreover, the entire volume of the room is not warmed up, air of a normalized temperature is supplied from top to bottom into the area where people are and work.

Note. Air curtains are installed near opening gates to avoid cooling the shop through opening gates.

Large industrial enterprises, for example, pipe or metallurgical shops with a length of 500 m or more, shipyards and hangars with a height of 60 m, cannot be fully heated due to economic inexpediency. In such giant buildings, it is customary to carry out local heating using portable or stationary fan heaters. In addition, more recently, infrared electric heating has been introduced into production workshops. Wall-mounted or suspended appliances do not heat the air, but objects and surfaces located within their radius of action.

Types of industrial boilers

In order to heat industrial heating radiators or supply hot water to heat exchangers for air heating, enterprises install heat generators of medium and large power. Most often, enterprises use the following types of units:

• gas hot water;
• gas steam;
• solid fuel hot water;
• diesel.

Note. Diesel heat generators are extremely rare in factories due to the significant cost of fuel.

The most common among all are gas industrial boilers that heat water. They are fully automated, have several levels of safety and have the highest efficiency - more than 90%. To improve efficiency, these units are equipped with water economizers, which take away the heat of flue gases and increase the efficiency of the plant by another 3-5%. The number of personnel for servicing gas boilers is minimal, as is the frequency of maintenance.

Gas steam boilers are not installed specifically for heating, their task is to produce steam of specified parameters for technological needs. But if such a unit is already available, then it simultaneously provides the workshop with heat. To do this, steam is passed through a plate or shell-and-tube heat exchanger, where it heats the water supplied to the heating system. A boiler for steam production is more complicated than a hot water boiler, and the highest requirements are imposed on it.

In recent years, solid fuel industrial boilers have become increasingly popular. Despite the relatively low efficiency (depending on the type of unit), these plants are in demand in woodworking, agriculture and other enterprises associated with the availability of inexpensive wood or coal. Heat generators are not as easy to operate as gas-fired ones and require constant supervision by maintenance personnel. At the moment, the following industrial solid fuel boilers are used to heat industrial premises:

• burning wood and coal with manual loading;
• coal with automatic fuel supply;
• pellet.

For buildings of small and medium area, units with manual loading can be used. Where there is no possibility or desire to maintain extra staff, it is customary to install industrial hot water boilers with automatic supply of coal, pellets or wood chips. Although the listed heat generators still need to be cleaned of ash at least once a week.

For reference. Often, large capacity solid fuel boilers are loaded using a tractor or forklift.

Conclusion

At the cost of installation, infrared heating is the cheapest, since it does not require a boiler. But the operation of such heating has its own nuances, and the price of electricity is rather big. The second most expensive is the water system, which requires a boiler and powerful circulation pumps for heating. The most expensive installation is for the air circuit, in addition to the listed equipment, it also uses a supply and exhaust ventilation unit.

2.3. Heating of industrial premises. (Local, central; specific heating characteristics)

Heating is designed to maintain normalized air temperature in industrial premises during the cold season. In addition, it contributes to a better preservation of buildings and equipment, as it simultaneously allows you to regulate the humidity of the air. For this purpose, various heating systems are being built.

During the cold and transitional periods of the year, all buildings and structures in which the residence time of people exceeds 2 hours, as well as rooms in which temperature maintenance is necessary due to technological conditions, should be heated.

The following sanitary and hygienic requirements are imposed on heating systems: uniform heating of indoor air; the possibility of regulating the amount of heat released and combining the processes of heating and ventilation; lack of indoor air pollution with harmful emissions and unpleasant odors; fire and explosion safety; ease of use and repair.

Heating of industrial premises in the radius of action is local and central.

Local heating is arranged in one or more adjacent rooms with an area of ​​​​less than 500 m 2. In systems of such heating, the heat generator, heating devices and heat-releasing surfaces are structurally combined in one device. The air in these systems is most often heated by using the heat of the fuel burned in stoves (wood, coal, peat, etc.). Much less often, floors or wall panels with built-in electric heating elements, and sometimes electric radiators, are used as original heating devices. There are also air (the main element is a heater) and gas (when burning gas in heating appliances) local heating systems.

Central heating according to the type of heat carrier used can be water, steam, air and combined. Central heating systems include a heat generator, heating devices, means of transferring the coolant (pipelines) and means of ensuring operability (shut-off valves, safety valves, pressure gauges, etc.). As a rule, in such systems, heat is generated outside the heated premises.

Heating systems must compensate for heat losses through building fences, heat consumption for heating injected cold air, raw materials, machinery, equipment coming from outside, and for technological needs.

In the absence of accurate data on the building material, fences, the thickness of the layers of building envelope materials and, as a result, it is impossible to determine the thermal resistance of walls, ceilings, floors, windows and other elements, the heat consumption is approximately determined using specific characteristics.

Heat consumption through the external fences of buildings, kW

where - specific heating characteristic of the building, which is the flow of heat lost by 1 m 3 of the volume of the building according to the external measurement per unit time with a difference in temperatures of indoor and outdoor air of 1 K, W / (m 3 ∙K): depending on the volume and purpose of the building \u003d 0.105 ... 0.7 W / (m 3 ∙K); V H - the volume of the building without the basement according to the outer measurement, m 3; T B - the average design temperature of the internal air of the main premises of the building, K; T N - calculated winter outdoor temperature for designing heating systems, K: for Volgograd 248 K, Kirov 242 K, Moscow 247 K, St. Petersburg 249 K, Ulyanovsk 244 K, Chelyabinsk 241K.

Heat consumption for ventilation of industrial buildings, kW

where - specific ventilation characteristic, i.е. heat consumption for ventilation of 1 m 3 of the building with a difference of internal and external temperatures of 1 K, W / (m 3 ∙K): depending on the volume and purpose of the building \u003d 0.17 ... 1.396 W / (m 3 ∙K);
- the calculated value of the outdoor air temperature for the design of ventilation systems, K: for Volgograd 259 K, Vyatka 254 K, Moscow 258 K, St. Petersburg 261 K, Ulyanovsk 255 K, Chelyabinsk 252 K.

The amount of heat absorbed by materials, machinery and equipment brought into the premises, kW

,

where - mass heat capacity of materials or equipment, kJ / (kg∙K): for water 4.19, grain 2.1 ... 2.5, iron 0.48, brick 0.92, straw 2.3;
- mass of raw materials or equipment imported into the premises, kg;
- temperature of materials, raw materials or equipment brought into the premises, K: for metals
=, for non-flowing materials
=+10, bulk materials
=+20;- time of heating materials, machines or equipment to room temperature, h.

The amount of heat consumed for technological needs, kW, is determined through the consumption of hot water or steam

,

where - consumption for technological needs of water or steam, kg / h: for repair shops 100 ... 120, for one cow 0.625, for a calf 0.083, etc.; - heat content of water or steam at the boiler outlet, kJ/kg; - coefficient of return of condensate or hot water, varying within 0 ... 0.7: in calculations, they usually take =0,7;- heat content of condensate or water returned to the boiler, kJ/kg: in calculations it can be taken equal to 270…295 kJ/kg.

The thermal power of the boiler plant P k, taking into account the heat consumption for the auxiliary needs of the boiler house and losses in heating networks, is taken to be 10 ... 15% more than the total heat consumption

According to the obtained value P to we select the type and brand of the boiler. It is recommended to install the same type of boiler units with the same heat output. The number of steel units should be at least two and no more than four, cast iron - no more than six. It should be borne in mind that in case of failure of one boiler, the remaining ones must provide at least 75-80% of the calculated thermal output of the boiler plant.

For direct heating of premises, heating devices of various types and designs are used: radiators, cast-iron finned pipes, convectors, etc.

The total surface area of ​​heating devices, m 2, is determined by the formula

,

where - heat transfer coefficient of the walls of heating devices, W / (m 2 ∙K): for cast iron 7.4, for steel 8.3; - temperature of water or steam at the inlet to the heating device, K; for water radiators of low pressure 338…348, high pressure 393…398; for steam radiators 383…388; - water temperature at the outlet of the heating device, K: for low pressure water radiators 338 ... 348, for high pressure steam and water radiators 368.

From the known value of F, find the required number of sections of heating devices

,

where - the area of ​​one section of the heating device, m 2 , depending on its type: 0.254 for M-140 radiators; 0.299 for M-140-AO; 0.64 for M3-500-1; 0.73 for the skirting type convector 15KP-1; 1 for a cast-iron ribbed tube with a diameter of 500 mm.

Uninterrupted operation of boilers is possible only with a sufficient supply of fuel for them. In addition, knowing the required amount of alternative fuel materials, it is possible to determine the optimal type of fuel using economic indicators.

The need for fuel, kg, for the heating period of the year can approximately be calculated by the formula

,

where =1.1…1.2 - safety factor for unaccounted for heat losses; - annual consumption of standard fuel for increasing the temperature of 1 m 3 of air in a heated building by 1 K, kg / (m 3 ∙K): 0.32 for a building with
m 3; 0.245 at
; 0.215 at 0.2 at >10000 m 3 .

Conventional fuel is considered to be fuel, the heat of combustion of 1 kg of which is 29.3 MJ, or 7000 kcal. To convert standard fuel into natural fuel, correction factors are used: for anthracite 0.97, brown coal 2.33, medium quality firewood 5.32, fuel oil 0.7, peat 2.6.

Industrial air heating systems are widely used for heating production workshops, warehouses, construction sites, various commercial facilities, agro-industrial enterprises and agriculture.
The air supplied to the premises has a temperature of +40 - 50 ° C and is distributed through a system of air ducts with a variable cross section.

Industrial air heating cost-effective, it can be combined with a ventilation system, which significantly reduces their overall cost.

But due to the low specific heat of air and high heat loads, the use of air for heating purposes is effective when supplying large volumes of warm air, which in turn leads to huge oversized air ducts and powerful fans that require significant energy costs to transport air.

However, at present, industrial air heating is most widely used in modern enterprises and facilities.

Equipment for industrial air heating

Air heating in the supply ventilation unit.

The supply unit has a unit, usually with an electric heater or a water heat exchanger.
The air supplied to the premises, passing through this unit, is heated and distributed through the air ducts, ventilation and heating of the premises takes place.

Air heating in a special installation (heat generator, air heater, etc.)

Heat generators installed indoors or outdoors, their power is calculated based on the total heat loss of the object, which must be compensated by the supply of warm air. Air distribution is also carried out through ducts.
The efficiency of these installations is very high and can reach 95 - 98%. The air is heated by burning natural gas or liquid fuel with a burner, while the high-temperature combustion products, passing through the heat exchanger, give it their heat, which in turn heats the air supplied to the premises. With this method of heating the air, it is possible to reach the temperature of the air leaving the heat generator up to +90 ° C.

Heat generators have a powerful supply fan of high performance, providing the supply of several thousand cubic meters of warm air per hour and therefore, often when designing, air heating and ventilation are combined, thereby reducing the cost of the total cost of systems.

Heat generators or air heaters have a wide range of thermal power - from about 10 to 1000 or more kilowatts of thermal power and a variety of designs that allow them to be installed on the floor, on walls or under the ceiling in rooms, as well as outside, next to the heated room or directly on the roof building.

Basically, heat generators “work” for a system of metal air ducts that distribute air across several rooms at once and over a large area.

Air heating by small units of low power, distributed throughout the room.

Often, for heating large areas and volumes, small installations are used - fan heaters.
fan heaters structurally consist of a fan, a heat exchanger or a heating element and a control unit.
Hot water is supplied centrally from the boiler house to the room to each fan heater .

passing through the heat exchanger fan heater, hot water or other coolant transfers part of the heat to the air, which is blown through the heat exchanger with a fan and enters directly into the room air through a guide grille or blinds.

This method of space heating is convenient when it is necessary to heat large areas with relatively low heights of industrial or warehouse premises.

At the same time, there is no need to install a bulky network of supply air ducts, although pipelines will have to be laid to each fan heater to ensure the supply of coolant (water or antifreeze).

Application of industrial heat generators

Industrial heating of the workshop

Energy efficient air heating in a factory can solve the problem of maintaining effective temperature control in production areas.

We have solutions for air heating of large open and shelving warehouses with small industrial installations - floor or suspended heat generators running on gas or diesel fuel, as well as fan heaters that use hot water to heat the air.

Frost protection or complete warehouse heating – we tailor our solutions to your specific requirements.

Our experts will inspect your warehouse for free, provide assistance and give recommendations on heating the warehouse, taking into account the specifics of storage - open or shelved.

Industrial heating of the workshop

Energy efficient air heating in a factory can solve the problem of maintaining effective temperature control in production areas.

We can design factory heating systems using floor and pendant air heaters, powered by gas, diesel or hot water.

Warehouse industrial heating

We have solutions for air heating of large open and shelving warehouses with small industrial installations - floor or suspended heat generators running on gas or diesel fuel, as well as fan heaters using hot water to heat the air.

Frost protection or complete warehouse heating - we tailor our solutions to your specific requirements.

Our specialists will inspect your warehouse for free, provide assistance and give recommendations on heating the warehouse, taking into account the peculiarities of storage - open or shelved.

Industrial garage heating

Heat generators f. metmann.

Metmann heat generators will keep garages of any size comfortable at temperatures, including outdoor units with ducted air distribution capable of maintaining good air quality.

Industrial heating of agricultural facilities

We offer a quiet, energy-efficient agricultural heating solution that helps maintain optimal growth of agricultural products, create a comfortable environment for staff and customers in greenhouses, conservatories and other climate-controlled facilities.

Our air heating systems can be designed using the most modern heat generators specially designed for air heating greenhouses and conservatories.

Industrial heating of hangars with equipment (ships, aircraft, etc.)

We have experience in air heating solutions with energy efficient and economical air heating systems using gas or diesel fueled heat generators for hangars with large open spaces, high ceilings and frequently opening doors and gates.

We have experience in placing heat generators and fuel tanks for them inside containers (such as marine ones), next to the hangar. At the same time, the air supply in the hangar is carried out through metal air ducts with air distribution through special aerodynamic nozzles that provide the necessary shape and length of the air jet

Industrial heating of sports facilities

We offer air heating solutions for all types of sports halls and recreation centers, providing a comfortable environment with minimal energy and operating costs.

Our Metmann and Apen Group air heating units provide highly efficient air heating for sports halls, leisure centres, swimming pools and other recreational spaces.

Our specialists guarantee you assistance and recommendations in accordance with your requirements for sports and recreation.

The company has been operating on the market for many years, during which time we have gained valuable experience and know how to satisfy any request related to heating a room for any purpose. We carry out the design and installation of turnkey heating systems of various levels of complexity at any facility.

Heating of industrial enterprises
The quality of the products manufactured by the enterprise, largely depends on the proper level of production. The implementation of technological processes requires certain parameters of indoor air. The task of heating is to maintain the required temperature of the internal air during the cold season.
Design solutions for the creation of engineering systems for industrial buildings are very dependent on the specifics of this production, so the technological part of the project plays an important role in this process. The help of professionals from the Integrated Engineering Systems Company in this matter will be very helpful. Specialists will perform all the necessary calculations, justify the decisions made, select the equipment and carry out competent and high-quality installation in a short time.
Types of heating systems used in manufacturing enterprises:

• Water heating
• Steam heating
• air heating

Central

Local

• Radiant heating

The choice of the type of heating system depends on the availability of a particular heat source at a given enterprise, production technology, feasibility study, etc.

Water heating in an industrial enterprise.
In this case, the source of heat for the heating system can be the district heating network or the local boiler house. The main element of the boiler room is the boiler of the required power. Modern boilers, depending on the design, can run on gas, solid or liquid fuels, they can also be electric.
From external heating networks, water is supplied with higher temperatures and pressures than in the heating system itself. To bring the water parameters to the desired values, a heating point is equipped.
Through the heating pipeline system, water enters the heating devices. Typically, in industrial premises, radiators are used as heating devices; registers from smooth pipes can be used. For wiring a water heating system, pipes of various types can be used: steel, metal-plastic, polypropylene.
During non-working hours, the heating system of production premises operates in standby mode to reduce energy costs, maintaining the temperature of the internal air at a level of + 10 ° C (if this does not contradict the production technology).

Steam heating at an industrial plant.

Sometimes industrial enterprises use water vapor as a heat carrier. Such a system has its pros and cons. The advantages include:

the possibility of rapid heating of the premises when steam is supplied to the heating devices and their equally rapid cooling when the steam supply is turned off;

reduction of capital costs and material consumption, due to a decrease in the size of heating devices and pipelines;

the possibility of heating buildings of any number of storeys, since the steam column does not create a significantly increased hydrostatic pressure in the lower part of the system.

Such a heating system is more preferable for on-duty space heating than water.

The disadvantages of steam heating are as follows:

• the impossibility of regulating the heat transfer of heating devices, since it is quite difficult to adjust the steam flow;
• increase in useless losses by steam pipelines when they are laid in unheated premises;
• noise during system operation;
• short service life of steam pipelines in comparison with pipelines of water heating, tk. during interruptions in the supply of steam, the steam pipelines are filled with air, which accelerates the process of corrosion of their inner surface.

Air heating in an industrial enterprise.

Air heating of industrial premises can be central and local.
When using a central air heating system, air mobility favorable for the normal well-being of people, room temperature uniformity, as well as air change and purification can be ensured.
The air is heated in the air heaters of the ventilation units to a temperature higher than the internal temperature of the premises, and enters the premises through the air ducts. There, the heated air mixes with the surrounding air and cools down to its temperature. It should be noted that due to the relatively low heat capacity of air, its required amount for heating is quite large, which leads to the need to use air ducts of large cross section.
To reduce energy consumption, the main part of the air taken from the premises is cleaned in filters, heated again and fed back into the premises (recirculation). At the same time, outside air is supplied in an amount not less than the established sanitary standards. If harmful or odorous substances are released during the production process, then the use of recycling is very problematic. In this case, to save energy resources, exhaust air heat recovery systems (for example, a heat exchanger with an intermediate heat carrier or a heat exchanger) can be used.
With local air heating, the air heater is located in the room itself (air-heating units, heat guns). Local systems operate on full recirculation, i.e. process indoor air and do not supply outdoor air.

Radiant heating in an industrial plant.
An innovation that has affected heat generation and heat supply is the use of radiant heating technology. The source of heat in this option is electric or gas infrared heaters, the heating of the working area is carried out by a directed flow of radiant energy of the infrared spectrum. This is the most economical and efficient heating option with great potential - from heating domestic and office buildings to heating livestock complexes, warehouses, construction sites. Experts are sure that this option has a great future!
To reduce heat losses in industrial premises, air-thermal curtains are installed above the gates, doors and technological openings. Curtains can be water or electric; Recently, wide-jet air curtains have also appeared on the market that do not require air heating.

Heating systems are open and closed.

Fluid circulation in open heating systems is ensured by installing a tank at the top of the building. To compensate for the expansion of the coolant, the expansion tank is made open.

Closed heating systems work due to a closed membrane tank. The use of such a tank provides a number of advantageous advantages over an open type system. In such a system, the liquid or coolant does not interact with oxygen, and therefore, the oxidation processes inside the boiler proceed more slowly. The tank with the coolant can be placed next to the heating boiler and create a greater internal pressure in the system, which will virtually eliminate the formation of air locks.

How can fluid circulate?

Fluid can circulate in the heating system naturally or as a result of pressurization by a pump.

With natural circulation, the movement of the coolant occurs as a result of the displacement of cold water by hot water, since the density of cold water is higher and it is heavier. So hot water is displaced and enters the heating radiators. The cooled water goes through the return pipes to the boiler, squeezing out the heated water, thereby there is a continuous circulation of water. The disadvantage of such a heating system is the continuous fuel consumption and the large diameter of the pipes.

In a heating system with forced circulation, the movement is carried out using a circulation pump. This provides a number of significant benefits:

• small diameter bearing pipes;
• the ability to adjust and maintain the desired temperature in the room;
• a small difference between cooled and heated water, which saves fuel consumption and increases the life of the boiler.

Pipes are bred to radiators in various ways.
A two-pipe heating system consists of two pipes suitable for a radiator. One of the pipes carries liquid to the radiator, and the other serves as a drain for the cooled liquid. This way of distributing the coolant allows you to achieve the same temperature in all radiators.

A single-pipe distribution system carries out a sequential transfer of fluid from one heater to another. In such a heating system, the last radiator will of course be colder than the first. However, the advantage of such a system is its low cost.
If we compare two heating systems in operation, then the two-pipe wins and is therefore used more often.

What are the pipes.

Today, three types of pipes are used. Their classification is based on the material from which they are made.

• copper;
• steel;
• polymeric (metal-plastic, polypropylene, etc.).

The disadvantage of steel pipes in the first place is their susceptibility to corrosion, expensive and laborious installation. If you decide to install a heating system from galvanized pipes, then it will be impossible to use the refrigerant as a coolant. The use of copper pipes for heating makes their high price difficult. Meanwhile, they have a number of advantages, they are beautiful, not subject to corrosion, and convenient to install. Without going into a detailed description of all types of polymer pipes, we can name their common advantages - ease of installation, low weight, not subject to corrosion and have a low coefficient of resistance.

What coolant to choose.

The choice of coolant will help you save not only in the subsequent operation of the heating system, but also in the initial costs. The liquid that will carry heat in the heating system determines the power of heating radiators, boilers, pump characteristics, materials for laying the heating system.
When choosing the type of coolant, try to analyze whether your heating system will work in winter. Water will be the best heat carrier for systems where there is no risk of liquid freezing and in case of boiler shutdown in winter. Possessing certain physical parameters, water is an excellent and frequently used heat carrier. There are also disadvantages of such a coolant - corrosiveness, the formation of salts and corrosive compounds on metal equipment.
Next, consider the option when defrosting is possible (power outage, gas pressure drop or other reasons). In this case, antifreeze, specially designed for heating systems, is used as a coolant.

Company "Complex engineering systems" offers various heating solutions and technologies, so we can find the option that is ideal for your home, your conditions and budget. We will make sure that your home is really warm.

I would like to note that we are dealers of several well-known world manufacturers, so we do not have to raise prices for our customers. Our main suppliers include companies such as: Elite, Kermi, Arbonia, Zehnder, Kampmann, Grundfos, Reflex, FAR, Baxi, Beretta, etc.

Specialists LLC Integrated Engineering Systems are regularly trained and equipped with modern equipment. After completing the entire range of works on installation and commissioning of heating systems, we bear all warranty obligations.