How to calculate the stairs in a private house program. Correct calculation of staircase parameters for a private house

A properly designed staircase fits perfectly into the interior and is as convenient as possible to use.

The staircase allows access to the upper floors of the building; it is also part of the interior. With its help you can give the room your own special style. You can do the calculation of the stairs to the second floor yourself if you know how.

Is it possible to do the calculations without the help of qualified specialists? Can. In order to calculate the stairs to the second floor you need desire and basic knowledge school geometry. Although advice from professionals will not hurt. You can also use special computer programs for calculations.

What is important for calculation staircase design? The correct calculation of the stairs is carried out taking into account the layout and size of the rooms. This will affect the choice of location and type of staircase structure. Do not forget that for interfloor stairs It is not only the area on the ground floor that is important, but also the ability to provide a convenient staircase on the upper level.

At the first stage, the following points must be taken into account:

height from the first floor to the second (room height);
total area of premises (first and second levels);
location of load-bearing and interior walls;
location of door and window openings.

This will allow you to determine the size of the area that can be allocated for the construction of the staircase, the size of the opening for access to the second floor and select the optimal model.

If the area for installing the stairs measures 160x160 cm or more, then it is better to choose a flight of stairs. If you have a more modest area, you will have to limit yourself to a screw design.

Straight stairs

A straight flight of stairs (flight) is the simplest option for installation and calculation. This form is very convenient for wooden structure. Straight flights have one drawback - their installation requires a significant area of the room.

Generally accepted norms and construction standards will help you draw up a project correctly and accurately perform calculations. For example, if the staircase has an inter-level platform, then its width should correspond to the width of the span. In this case, the minimum width of the flight is 0.7 m. One person can go up or down this staircase.

For comfortable movement of two people, as well as for convenient transportation of large items, such as furniture, to the second floor, household appliances, the width of the flight of stairs should be larger - from 1.2 to 1.4 m.

The length of one straight section with steps should not be more than 3 m ( minimum size- approximately 1.5 m). The steps must be the same height and depth.

Turning stairs

In order to save space in the house, most stairs to the second floor have to be made with turning sections. The easiest way to rotate is to install a platform. There are U-shaped and L-shaped structures, where rotation is realized using winder steps.

Important parameters of the stairs that need to be calculated:

inclination angle value;
dimensions of the area between marches;
step height;
depth of straight and winder (if provided) steps;
fencing parameters.

Angle of inclination of flight of stairs

The angle of inclination of the stairs is the angle between the flight of stairs and the horizontal (floor). It is he who is primarily responsible for the convenience of the staircase design. The angle of inclination should allow a person to easily go up/down the stairs.

Construction norms and rules (SNiP) define optimal parameters staircases: staircase structures with an inclination angle in the range of 30-45 degrees are considered the most convenient and safest. It is these slopes that are chosen for indoor and outdoor stationary stairs. If this angle is less than 20 degrees, install a ramp.

How to calculate stage parameters

When calculating the staircase structure to the second floor, two values are important: the height of the tread and the depth of the tread (the horizontal landing of the step). These parameters determine the degree of convenience and safety when moving (ascending/descending) stairs. It is important to determine them correctly, since these values are involved in the design calculations.

It is convenient to climb stairs when there is no need to artificially increase or decrease the length of the step. Average length the pitch when moving on a horizontal plane is 63-64 cm, and when lifting - 31.5-32 cm.

Based on these data, the height of the riser is most often in the range from 12 to 20 cm (the optimal size is 14-17 cm). The optimal tread depth is determined from 25 to 30 cm. The maximum permissible step depth during the construction of stairs is 32 cm.

Often, in order to save space when installing staircase structures, models are used with one step overhanging the other. This type of steps gives the staircase a lighter and more beautiful look.

Calculation of the size of steps of a flight of stairs

Let's consider the option of calculating the main parameters for simple example. The optimal ratios of step height and depth used when designing stairs (cm): 19/27, 18/28, 17/29 and 16/30. Perfect option– 17/29 cm.

We use exactly this ratio to calculate such important design parameters as the angle of inclination, flight length, and total number of steps.

The number of steps is easy to calculate: the height of the floor (for example, 270 cm) must be divided by the height of the step (17 cm): 270/17 = 15.9. We discard the fractional part and get the number of steps on the flight of stairs (15 pieces). If the number is fractional, then you can make the first or last step a little higher or a little lower than the rest.

We specify the height of the steps. To do this, divide the height of the room by the number of steps: 270/15 = 18 cm. Thus, the height of each step is 18 cm.

The depth is calculated taking into account the horizontal step width. For calculation, we select a step equal to 63 cm. From this value we subtract the double height of the step: 63-2x18 = 27 cm.

Calculate the area and angle of inclination

Now you can calculate how much space the stairs to the second floor will take up. It is necessary to determine the area of projection of the flight of stairs onto the horizontal plane. It has the shape of a rectangle, one of whose sides is equal to the width of the steps (d), and the second (b) is the projection of the length of the flight onto the horizontal.

Formula for sparing a rectangle: S = b x d.

The length of the larger side of the rectangle (b) is obtained by multiplying the depth of the steps by their number: 27x15 = 405 cm. The smaller side of the rectangle (d) is equal to the width of the stairs and is selected independently. It is worth considering that the minimum size for one person to move is 70 cm, for two people the minimum is 100 cm.

Now you can start calculating the length flight of stairs. In this simple calculation, the well-known school formula (Pythagorean theorem) will come to the rescue. The length of the march is the hypotenuse right triangle(c), the legs of which are the height of the room (a) and the horizontal projection of the span (b):

c2 = a2 + b2 = 2702+4052

And the required length (hypotenuse) is equal to square root from the sum of the squares of the legs, i.e. c = 486.7 cm or 486 cm (we do not take into account the fractional part).

To determine the angle of inclination of the stairs, you will have to remember the school trigonometry course: the sine of the desired angle is equal to the ratio of the height of the floor (a) to the length of the flight of stairs (c):

cos(α)=a/c, α = arcos(a/c)

Having performed calculations using these formulas, we determine the angle of inclination - 370.

Convenient service for calculating staircase structures

Walling

When developing a design for a staircase to the second floor, it is worth paying attention to the fence in order to install it correctly. The following dimensions are important for installation:

baluster height;
length and width of the railing.

The fences are important element. Their standard height(including handrails) should be from 90 to 100 cm. If there are children in the house, additional handrails should be provided (70-75 cm). The design and material of the fence can be anything.

If you build a staircase according to all standards and rules, then it will be comfortable, durable, safe and will last a long time.

The staircase may be original

The staircase structure in the house is a necessary part that connects the floors. Choosing a staircase design is not as simple as it seems at first glance. The house needs not just an element for lowering and lifting, but a convenient and aesthetic structure.

Selecting a staircase design is not an easy task. Before you decide on any model, return to the project and layout once again interior spaces. It is quite possible that you have overlooked some important aspects: where the flight of stairs will go, how many there will be, whether the chosen model fits the design of both floors and many other questions.

Various types of staircase designs: photos

We invite you to familiarize yourself with different options design solutions for staircase structures. Before you start studying programs for calculating stairs, think about the appearance of the structure. To do this, we present to help you photographs demonstrating successful decorative structures.

You shouldn't rely too much on fashion trends. The main attention should be paid to the style of your home itself.

Main technical parameters of stairs

Any building has its own standards. There are similar standards for stairs. If you deviate from them during construction, using the structure will be inconvenient at best, and downright dangerous at worst. The list of parameters includes the height of the riser and the width of the staircase steps, the slope, and the height of the railing.

The dimensions of the staircase steps take into account the permissible riser height limits, which are within 80 mm: the minimum value is 120 mm, the maximum value is 200 mm. The tread depth is made between 235 and 355 mm. The angle of inclination depends on several factors, but acceptable values are 24−50°. If the inclination exceeds 45°, the steps become too steep and uncomfortable. The proper slope is determined by the height of the rise in a certain ratio to the width of the tread.

Selecting arbitrary values can violate the technical quality of the design. In addition to the above parameters, they take into account the dimensions of the staircase opening, the length of the flight, the number of ascents (preferably no more than 18), and the total distance from the floor of the first floor to the second.

On average, the step length of an adult is 63 cm, and when climbing, this number becomes equal to 30-32 cm and increases or decreases depending on the inclination of the march. As for fencing and railings, the standard specifies 90-120 cm. The critical height of the stairs is also an important parameter, so in the house plan it is worth taking into account the height of the second floor ceiling to prevent head injuries. Finally, we would like to add that the safest staircase will be one that can withstand a weight of up to 250 kg, and a handrail that can withstand a weight of over 100 kg.

Main types of staircase structures

You can rejoice in the variety of staircase designs. Their main types are taken into account in programs for calculating stairs. The convenience of marching stairs lies in their practicality, spiral staircases - in their sophistication and grace, as well as economy usable area. The advantage of combined designs is successful combination elements of all other structures and maximum level interior solution.

Marching staircase Spiral design Combination of elements of all structures

Staircase structures take into account load-bearing elements, namely stringers, of which there can be one or two, bowstrings, bolts, a combination of elements. Calculating the stairs to the second floor with your own hands can be a difficult design task complex structures. It is important to remember that any calculations must be based on building regulations for your convenience and safety.

The main materials from which stairs are made, and the nuances of their calculation

The use of any material must be selected taking into account building codes. The staircase structure has a weight that should be included in the design. Each structure is individual, this is emphasized not only by the features during construction, but also by the choice of material for its construction. So, what materials for making stairs are especially popular:

Tree comes first. Wood is a traditional raw material for any construction. Aesthetic qualities of wood and its specifications at the highest level.
Stone almost as popular as wood. Stone structures last for decades without changing their original appearance and without the need for painting.
Glass stairs are in demand in modern designs home interior. Glass is easy to perceive, although its technical characteristics include strength and considerable weight.
Iron structures They can be simple and massive, or they can become a real work of art thanks to forged elements.
Reinforced concrete stairs add grandeur to the design.

Many designers do not follow the rules and boldly combine various materials, combining everything in incredible proportions. Of course, the cost of such a staircase increases not only due to the work of the designer, but also due to the difficulties associated with the construction process. And, of course, we should not forget about combined options, when part is made of metal, and part is made of glass or wood. Some designers even embark on bold experiments, combining wood, metal and stone. As a rule, such structures are installed in rich houses.

Calculation of wooden stairs

Tradition and classics - that's what can be said about wooden stairs. These are trendy designs that fit into many design styles. Wood needs to be treated, as this material is susceptible to rotting, termite attacks and is not at all fire-resistant. A wooden staircase will organically fit into a house made from any combination of wood. This will be the optimal and environmentally friendly option. A combination of different types of wood, special texture, aging and varnish treatment are welcome.

The most popular staircases in house construction are structures made of pine, beech, oak and ash. The program for calculating wooden stairs differs from others precisely in the qualities and properties of the material.

Calculation of metal stairs

This material, cold to the touch, was not previously on the list of popular ones and was used in office staircases. But it is almost impossible to resist the variety of figured designs with exquisite patterns and bronze elements.

Metal stairs to the second floor can also be calculated online using special calculators.

Determining the required geometric dimensions of the stairs

So, before opening the calculator for calculating the stairs to the second floor online, carefully calculate all future parameters. Without the dimensions of the height and width of the steps, the fence, the distance between floors and the angle of inclination, the program will not produce any results.

An example of calculating the length of a staircase, the height and width of steps

We remind you that all staircase parameters comply with SNIP and GOST standards!

We point out only the most basic points that play a role in the safety of people operating the staircase structure. This list includes total number steps, which can be from 3 to 18, not taking into account parity. The height of the steps should not be lower than 12 cm, and in no case exceed 20 cm with a total width of 23-25 cm.

Approximate drawing of a straight staircase

Let's try to simulate a flight of stairs on stringers. Given: landing, length - 6000 mm, width - 3000 mm, height between floor levels - 3300 mm, distance between flights - 100 mm. We make a calculation in which we take into account that with a distance between floors of 3300 mm we make two flights.

So, (landing width 3000 mm – space between flights 100 mm) / 2 = 1450 mm. To determine the height of one flight, we divide the interfloor height in half and get 1650 mm. We define the size of the steps as 150 mm in height multiplied by 300 mm.

The number of risers in a flight is calculated by dividing the height of one flight by the height of the riser and obtains: 1 650 / 150 = 11 (pieces). The upper flight will have one step less, 11 - 1 = 10 (pieces), which means there will be 11 risers in the march, and one less tread. The length of the march is calculated by multiplying the width of the tread by the number of steps, multiplying 300 mm by 10 pieces and getting 3000 mm.

The standard width of a staircase opening is 90 - 110 cm, although in rare cases it is permissible to reduce this mark to 80 cm. All dimensions on the plan and drawing must be transferred to the walls and all components of the structure must be marked. To do this, use a plumb line and a pointed cord.

Determining the required angle of inclination of the stairs

Many people recommend an inclination angle of 29° to 37°, since larger angle Although it saves space, it only comes at the expense of reduced comfort. In the calculations do not forget about the location of the door and window openings, columns, arches.

Calculation of stairs of various types

If after all of the above independent calculation If all the nuances of a staircase design seem complicated, then you can not risk either the safety or the quality of the future structure, but trust a special online staircase design program. When calculating stairs of any type, you will need to enter a lot of your measurements. The program offers calculations for all types of stairs, no matter whether you want a spiral structure on stringers or a staircase with winder steps.

All data is automatically processed and produces a drawing with all the exact parameters as a result. The output data includes information about the materials spent on the construction of the structure. Programs that offer 3D visualization are especially interesting, since you can not only get a drawing and the required amount of material, but also work on the design.

With winder steps rotated 90°

Unique modern layout or small sizes houses often add difficulties when choosing standard staircase structures; a straight staircase will not fit everywhere, as will the platforms of rotary structures. The solution was found in the process of architectural searches for a new good option. As a result of necessity, staircases with winder steps arose. Such designs solve the problem of moving between the first and second floors for any layout and spatial volume of premises.

Please note that due to this design, there is a significant saving of usable space with an elegant appearance.

Such structures are not hazardous, since all staircase parameters must be observed during construction. The usual material for the manufacture of such L-shaped ladders is wood or metal, mainly aluminum. Exactly this practical solution for the construction of a compact interfloor connection. Here are more options for such staircase structures.

With winder steps rotated 180°

The design of such a ladder is called U-shaped because of its external resemblance to this letter when viewed from above. Two straight flights of stairs are connected by a small, easy-to-pass platform. A turn is made on it, and movement begins in the opposite direction.

This option is also in demand and popular among architects and designers. This is a very convenient transition between floors, which can accommodate very small space. The designers tried and worked carefully in this direction, making such designs very stylish in the interior. When calculating such a structure, you need to pay attention to the height between floors, since incorrectly calculated parameters will make moving up and down extremely inconvenient due to your head touching the ceiling.

Straight staircase

This is the most traditional type of stairs, where all parameters are closely interrelated. The angle of inclination plays a big role. The width of the steps and their height depend on it, which decrease or increase depending on the change in the angle of inclination.

But in any numerical scenario, the length of the entire staircase will be quite large - 3-6.5 m. This value depends on the combination of all parameters, including the important thickness interfloor covering. The calculation also includes taking into account the length of the platforms in front of the entrance and exit to the direct march. Thus, the length of the staircase increases further, and useful space is lost. The minimum length of the landing in front of and after the stairs is 80 cm and must be identical to the width of the stairs.

Double-flight staircase on stringers with a 180° rotation. Online calculator

If there is a large distance between floors, a two-flight staircase structure is installed. Another platform will not only change the direction of the ascending or descending one, but can also be endowed with other functions, because it is a support for the entire structure. The variety of double-flight staircases is taken into account in the calculations.

The owner should decide whether the design will be open or closed type. At open type the gaps between the risers will be visible, and when closed it will be safer to climb, because such stairs have solid risers. The platforms can be single-level or two-level, where there is an additional step. The design itself can be directed clockwise or counterclockwise or simply straight. Our calculator will help you calculate this design.

Three-flight staircase on stringers with a 180° rotation

This design is similar to the letter "z". Three marches are obtained due to two intermediate platforms, and the middle march is noticeably shorter than the others. The size of the platforms should not exceed the width of the steps. Such landings are convenient for many people, especially for those who find it difficult to immediately run up the stairs.

To do correct calculation, the height of one flight is taken into account. To do this, divide the interfloor distance by 3 and calculate all risers and treads in one flight with a step size of 300×150 mm. The height of the march and steps are taken into account, as well as the smaller number of treads per one, due to the location of the last tread on the second floor landing. Typically, this design is used in houses where the interfloor distance is more than 3 m.

Calculation of a spiral staircase

Beautiful and practical design saves space and is an excellent decorative element. This staircase can be chosen to suit any style. The design is complex in its shape. Its numerous wedge-shaped winder steps must be located at a certain radius.

There are four types of such stairs with their own characteristics: with or without support on the walls of the house, with or without a support pillar. The calculation includes the rotation angle (270°−360°), ceiling height (2 meters or more), the width of the end of the step (from 40 cm) and the width of the narrow end (from 10 cm).

Straight ladder on bowstrings

The classic type of construction is especially popular in office buildings. The difference from staircases on stringers is the insertion of steps into grooves called bowstrings. Such structures can be open or closed, the difference lies in the use or absence of risers. These can be single-flight or double-flight staircases with any shape of landings.

Programs for calculating stairs online. Calculator with drawings

Even if you have design programs, you may still experience difficulties in calculations and drawings. Therefore, our editors offer a calculator where you need to enter specified values and get the result. Drawing drawings will help adjust the wishes of the owner of the house. If you have already chosen the design option and material, then the most important thing remains - to correctly measure all the parameters of the future staircase. All data after entering into the table windows will be processed and you will see the result.

Where to order turnkey production and installation of staircases - prices, catalogs

Numerous companies specializing in the construction of stairs offer their services not only for the construction stage itself, but also for various design solutions. You can find many interesting offers from designers and manufacturers.

The price of an L-shaped staircase with a 90° turn made of different types of wood with a minimum opening of the second floor (920×2700 mm), an inclination angle of 42° and 15 steps costs from 35,000 to 150,000 rubles. Prices for spiral staircases start at 55,000 rubles, although some manufacturers offer to purchase a ready-made metal spiral staircase for 40,000 rubles. The cost of a U-shaped staircase also depends on the material and starts from 90,000 rubles. The price of the selected staircase will depend on all parameters, material and installation.

If you have any questions, please write them in the comments.

The staircase is one of the main attributes in the house; it not only helps you easily move between floors, but also serves as the main decorative item. In addition, the correct calculation of this structural element directly affects safety. This series of online calculators will suit any of your needs. It will help you make an accurate calculation and take into account all the details. All you have to do is print out the finished drawings.

Our online calculators with drawings created for common man who wanted to design and build a staircase with his own hands. But this does not mean that a professional will not find anything useful in them. Compiled algorithms allow you to eliminate errors in calculations and prepare working drawings as accurately as possible for both wooden and metal stairs.

These scripts take into account and help calculate:

straight, rotary, L- and U-shaped stairs;
stairs of any size, made of metal, wood and concrete;
calculate the stairs with winder steps at 90 and 180 degrees;
All structural elements, including stringers, handrails, steps, risers.

If you haven't decided on the type yet, appearance and functionality, our staircase calculator to the second floor in a private house will help you do this. Winder stairs, spiral, or with a goose step are usually made due to the fact that there is simply not enough space, and a full-fledged staircase cannot be placed correctly.

If you have small children or elderly people, then it is better for you to choose a reliable and safe option for stairs with a platform. Estimate, calculate, check, estimate your labor costs, print ready-made drawings and use it all absolutely free.

Consider the angle of inclination of the stairs that is comfortable when walking, usually 30-40°. If you increase the angle, it becomes difficult to climb, especially for older people.
The optimal step height when walking is 15-20 centimeters. Decide on this value and you will understand the height of the riser.
The width of the steps of the stairs is usually taken to be within 27-32 centimeters. Do not forget to take into account the features of purchased steps; they are usually factory-made and have a standard width of 30 centimeters.
Overhang at wooden steps no more than 5 cm, because the descent will be difficult, making the width of the step inconvenient.
Consider the width of the marches and the distances between them, based on fire safety and amenities. Usually, a comfortable lifting range for one person needs a range of 90-120cm,

When calculating stairs online, follow these recommendations, because the quality of the calculation and its accuracy, as well as safety precautions and ease of use in the future, directly depend on this.

It’s impossible to imagine without. This design has both a functional and a decorative component. They are mounted with screws or marching ones - it doesn’t matter. The main thing is that the staircase fits into and at the same time improves the appearance, while possessing the necessary strength characteristics. Today we’ll talk about the types of staircase structures and figure out how to calculate all the main dimensions. Calculators specially developed by our team will help you calculate the stairs online.

In addition to the organic appearance of the interior, these structures require a margin of safety. Replacement or repair is a labor-intensive task, which means that even at the stage, all the nuances should be thought through.

Important! The steps of the structure are thought out so that they are comfortable. Numerous studies have proven that a deviation from standard dimensions of 2-3 cm sharply reduces the ease of movement on it.

The safety of residents depends on how correctly the installation work is carried out. This means that you should understand the nuances as thoroughly as possible, understand how to calculate, determine possible options and only after that choose one type or another.

Photo examples of various designs: home DIY solutions

Design plays an important role in. You should think through everything down to the smallest detail. To do this, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with some examples that will help you accept the right decision. For some, the samples will be an impetus that will help create an original masterpiece, others will take the already ready-made solution.

Amazing, isn't it? At first glance, it seems that this cannot be done without a professional designer, but if you dig deeper, it becomes clear that a home craftsman can create such masterpieces without special education. All you need is imagination and courage to realize the most extraordinary ideas. But come up with original design- only half the battle. You should study some of the technical characteristics that it should have. Let's talk about them.

Related article:

In the article we will look at what designs there are, what are the advantages metal frame, how to properly illuminate straight and spiral staircases, as well as recommendations from specialists that must be taken into account during installation.

Technical parameters: optimal angle of inclination of the stairs and size of steps

The type of construction is selected depending on the area of placement. So, if the free space for installation has dimensions of 1.5 × 1.5 m or more, then install a flight of stairs. If you need to place a compact structure, a screw version is suitable.

It is important to know! The screw version fits more neatly into any interior, but has one drawback - the inability to move large-sized furniture and things. This is also taken into account when constructing the structure.

An inclination of the structure of 25÷33° is considered comfortable for walking, but this is not always possible due to the small space. The limit is a tilt angle of 45°. If the inclination is lower, a ramp is installed, and if the inclination is higher, add-on or even wall-mounted stairs are used. About the size of the steps themselves: according to research, the optimal size is 28÷30 cm in width and 16÷18 cm in height. These are not empty numbers for example. This size is convenient for an adult to move.

When calculating the steps of the stairs, it is taken into account that the width of the flight must be more than a meter. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to move around. The exception is screw structures in rooms where there is not enough space for a full span. Don't forget about. They are required when the height of a flight of stairs is three or more steps.

There are enough varieties of such structures. Let us note the main ones:

straight spans;
two-flight;
three-march;
screw;
bowstring designs;
with winder steps (turn 90° or 180°).

We will return to the types of designs later. This is worth dedicating a separate section of today’s article. But the materials from which they are made are worth considering right away.

Determination of the main technical parameters of the stairs

Such structures are made not only from metal. Stone, glass or concrete are often used. However, the most widely used combined options, including several materials.

Helpful information! Stone or concrete are not suitable for wooden houses due to heavy weight. But wooden, metal or glass structures, and especially combined ones, will come in handy. Such designs can decorate any interior.

The only limitation in designing a flight of stairs is imagination. Bold ideas yield amazing results, although fanaticism is of no use. As the staircase is being manufactured, new ideas may be born that will add uniqueness to the finished product. Experience here is rather harmful, imposing certain limits. Home master, without knowing it, can adhere to the line of a previously created design.

To create a drawing, you can turn to stairs, of which there are now many on the Internet. However, the most important thing remains the calculation of the size of the staircase steps and its steepness. And for this you should consider various options.

Calculation of a wooden staircase: some nuances of calculations

If you make all the calculations yourself, then the dependence of the length of the horizontal projection of a flight of stairs on the height and angle of inclination can be indicated by the formula:

D = H / tan α , Where

D – horizontal projection length;
H - height;
α - tilt angle.

However, there is no need to calculate the values manually. This can lead to an error that can become critical during the construction of the structure. We suggest using an online calculator, which already contains all the necessary formulas. The staircase calculation program will eliminate the human factor and protect against errors.

Calculation of staircase steps allows for the design of the structure using standard standards and requirements provided for the convenience and safety of the structure. Based on the amount of space allocated, the choice of materials and the height of the ceiling, using simple calculations, you can quickly determine the configuration of the product.

Load bearing capacity

Calculation of the steps of the stairs to the second floor is carried out taking into account a deflection of no more than 1/400 of the span. The load on the flight and the platform is collected by summing the dead weight of the structure and the temporary load: in residential premises - 300 kg/m².

Product height

In order to determine the convenience of the product, a formula for calculating the steps of the stairs is used. It is represented by the sum of twice the height of the risers added to the tread. This figure is equal to the average human step - 60–64 cm. Determination of the tread and rise is ensured by substituting the data:

2a+b= 60…64 cm.

As an alternative, another calculation example can be considered:

a+b= 45 ± 2 cm,

where a is the riser size, b is the tread parameter.

If you create a staircase with your own hands, the calculation of the steps begins with the width of the tread. It promotes full foot placement. Optimal size 20 – 32 cm. The height of the risers is 15 cm, and the tread is 30 cm wide.

Winder steps are designed taking into account that on the narrow side the step has parameters of 10 cm, and the overlap on the lower step is 5 cm. An overlap can be created if it is necessary to increase the width of the tread. Then this indicator should vary between 3 - 5 cm for steps made of reinforced concrete.

Climbing angle

Calculation of steps wooden stairs carried out taking into account the inclination within the range of 23 to 37°. If the slope is less than 23 degrees, a ramp (flat sloping platform) is installed instead of a staircase structure. If the angle is more than 45°, an attached or folding type of product is installed. Spiral staircases have an elevation angle within 25-35°.

Number of steps

This parameter is determined by the height of the floor and the angle of inclination of the staircase structure. Having decided on the location of the structure in plan and the height of the building, the number of steps is determined graphically. Following this, the width of the tread is determined using safety formulas. The drawing is created using a scale.

If you use a stair step calculator, the floor height is measured taking into account the placement of finishing coatings on the upper and lower floors. Standard size is 2800 or 3000 mm. Indicators of 2700 or 3300 mm are less commonly used. The design of the building height is at least 2.4 m. If the height is not within the norm and is not a multiple of 3, then the steps are calculated with an accuracy of 1 mm.

Calculating the steps of a staircase using a program or manually involves the formation of an error. It can be distributed on the lower frieze step, and the remaining steps of the march are created on same height. Steps with different heights contribute to the creation of a traumatic structure. To equalize the height of the steps, you can lower them fine coating the top floor is a little lower.

When calculating a staircase with steps at 90 degrees, it is not recommended to build a threshold. It is preferable to create a floor platform in the form of a ramp, at an angle. If there is a fence made of walls with doors, the floors of these installations are made with a threshold. To create a shorter staircase, shorten the width of the tread. For example, a riser height of 20 cm and a tread width of 25 cm contribute to an uncomfortable descent.

Graphic measurements of steps

Calculation of the height of the steps of the stairs is carried out taking into account the fact that free movement along horizontal surface provides in increments of 62 cm. The leg is raised by 31 cm. A specified number of parts are laid out on the horizontal plane of the diagram. Each of them is equal to one step (62 cm).

Attention! The convenience of the structure is determined by the formula, where 2 step heights + step depth = 63±3 cm.

180 degree staircase

Calculating a staircase with steps at 180 degrees requires close attention to the gap between two flights, which are located parallel to each other. This parameter should correspond to ¼ of the opening width. Calculation in progress structures graphically :

A schematic image is created by drawing a circle with a radius: the width of the march + 0.5 of the segment between the marches. The radius meets the minimum parameters of 1.13 parts of the width.
Straight marches with specified parameters of width and length are drawn on both sides of the circle. A line of movement passes through the center of the marches, steps are marked (350 -370 mm wide). The resulting number of steps must be determined by an integer value.

Through the most high point circle B and the central point A, a vertical segment passes until it intersects with the lower edge of mark C. The segment BC passes through the middle of the central step of the turn. The central step is marked similarly to the first. The remaining steps are counted on both sides.
A horizontal segment DE is drawn, indicating the last straight step. A straight line is laid through mark A and the lateral position of step 1 until it intersects with the contour DE (the marking is done with a dotted line). A second line is created through mark A and the boundary of step 2 until it intersects with the contour DE. The formed line acts as a template for all subsequent steps.
Equal 1-2 sections are laid along the DE line. The number of lines is commensurate with the number of winder steps.
From marks 3, 4, 5, etc. formed on the segment DE. draw segments intersecting mark 3 on DE and mark A. These contours act as the border of the winder steps.

Winder steps 90 degrees

To calculate the rotation of steps by 90 degrees. 2 oblique steps are replaced and a rotary step with edges at right angles is mounted between them. The rotary step is fixed directly to the stringers. Supporting the step using a baluster or a special post.

Rotation definition:

Measured standard width steps. The length of the oblique step is measured from the fixation area on the stringer to the connection point on the wall surface or stringer on the other side. In the drawing, a line is drawn from an angle of 90 degrees. It is provided for the creation of a turn to the central part of the placement of the narrow side of the step (to the center of the support for the handrails). In the figure, a circle is drawn with a radius corresponding to the segment from the central part of the support, on which the step is secured to its middle. From the last straight step, the required width is deposited along this radius. This is the width of the central section of the oblique step. The number 1 is placed at the end of the segment. A straight line is drawn from it to the central part of the circle.

A straight line is drawn arbitrarily through the center so that from the segment from the number 1 it contributes to the creation acute angle. Intervals equal to “X1” are marked on the straight line, where X is a doubling coefficient. The number "1" acts as the length of the first line. You can find out the position of the second step using a straight line segment 2 times larger than the first. The third stage will have a parameter 4 times larger.
When creating a pattern with winder steps, their width at the center is 1. Changing the angle keeps the width constant, but the placement of the step changes.

Alternative calculation method

The width at the central position of the step is determined. The turn is divided into 30 degrees. For a 90 degree turn. it is necessary to create 3 stages. The corner winder step is created with the installation additional timber with a cross section of 10*10 cm. The purpose of the bar is to compensate large quantity errors in determining strength indicators. On at this stage The central post is replaced by a stand for handrails and 2 stringers.