Ventilation of the under-roof space of a cold roof. Soft roof ventilation device

Thanks to the ventilation of the under-roof space, long-term operation of the roof is ensured and a favorable microclimate in the house is ensured. Owners often find out about improper roof construction very late, only by leaks on the ceiling and moisture in the attic. These are indicators of poor roof ventilation, but they are not the most negative.

In the absence of ventilation, condensation accumulates under the roof, which leads to rotting of materials and freezing in winter. Source legkovmeste.ru

Why is ventilation of the under-roof space necessary?

The cold attic space of the building can be converted into a convenient additional floor. The attic can be turned into a comfortable office, cozy bedroom, an art workshop with original walls and ceilings. The difficulty lies in the fact that many owners do not dare to ventilate the space there, expecting to save money on this.

There is a misconception that ventilation is an unnecessary attribute and expense.

Indeed, many old houses without ventilation still look quite good. The thing is that the natural ventilation of the attic space is perfectly organized. There's something in the attic dormer windows, additional clearances and openings for the circulation of incoming and outgoing air flow.

If there is no ventilation in the attic or if it is not working, soon all the people living there will feel it.

U Not proper ventilation and poor-quality insulation have unpleasant consequences Source teplo.guru

Lack of ventilation in the attic leads to the following problems:

locked air;

unpleasant smell rot;

mold manifestations on the ceiling and walls of the attic;

rotting roofing elements;

appearance condensate;

icing and icicles in winter period.

Due to the unfavorable microclimate, the living space, in addition to the unpleasant odor, is replete with bacteria and mold.

These are not the last disappointments, because soon the roof will need to be repaired with rotten wooden structures, wet insulation, and the attic will become unsuitable for its intended purpose.

To prevent unnecessary costs in the future, ventilation is done immediately after arranging the attic space. This will prevent possible harm to the health of family members and reduce family expenses. Well, even if there is no sudden roof collapse.

What is the ventilation of the attic space?

Considering that the attic belongs to a residential area, the arrangement of this attic area must be proper. The premises must be safe, and insulation must be carried out taking into account year-round use.

To ensure a favorable microclimate and comfortable conditions stay, the ventilation of the attic under-roof space must be carefully thought out. It is necessary to ventilate not only the rooms, but also the roof itself in order to preserve the roof elements in proper condition for a long time.

Ventilation of the attic space can be:

Natural. In this case, the natural draft generated by correct location ventilation channels and openings. This is the least expensive option of all. It is equipped with grilles, aerators, spotlights, ventilation pipes and other elements.

Forced. Occurs using mechanical action using fans for inflow and outflow, additional devices warming up cold air from the street. This is the most expensive way to ventilate an attic space, especially when using climate control equipment with wide functionality (temperature, humidity indicators, humidification, ionization, heating).

Mixed. There is only one mechanical process (inflow or outflow of air). Mechanical exhaust with triggering is most often used fresh air in the form of gravity.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer roof repair and design services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Ventilation device

There are several types of arrangement of under-roof space and each of them has its own ventilation technology that is more suitable.

For cold roof

This is an easier option because the attic promotes free circulation of air masses. Vents under the eaves, under ridge strip help air move naturally:

cold air masses are drawn into the attic from the street through eaves vents;

warm air masses rise from ceiling houses up under the roof and go out onto the street through ridge vents.

Usually the number of vents at the top and bottom of the roof slope is the same. For normal circulation of air masses total area the vents should be 1/300 of the area of ​​the slope.

With a warm roof

In this option, ventilating the attic space is a little more complex. This design does not provide for free circulation of air flow.

The circulation of air masses in the under-roof space is carried out by a convective flow directed from the eaves to the ridge. For its unhindered passage in the roofing pie between the thermal insulation and waterproofing layers additional space is created using counter-lattice and sheathing. The height of the gap must be at least 5 cm.

The additional space between the contour of the attic room and the roof covering itself ensures a constant flow of air in and out Source northerndefenders.info

Then, in the space under the roof, a ventilated circuit(ensuring the inflow and outflow of air masses):

influx is provided in places where there is a cornice overhang along the bottom of the roof, above the attic windows, in the valley area and other parts of the contour interruption;

outflow carried out in the area of ​​the ridges, under the windows of the attic room, at junctions, where their special placement is required.

It is necessary to ensure continuity of the circuit to avoid the formation of “stagnant places”, favorable zones for the formation of condensate.

Ventilation roofing mesh

Pitched roofs, in addition to proper air exchange, must be equipped with meshes for ventilation of the roof space and protection from insects. Wasps, hornets, and small birds can make nests in the under-roof space, which, in addition to discomfort for residents, can also cause harm to natural roof ventilation.

Stainless steel mesh is better recognized; it is stronger and more durable, although more expensive than others.

Steel mesh is susceptible to corrosion, rotting, and rust.

Video description

What to consider when installing roof ventilation is described in the video:

Subtleties of designing ventilation in the attic

Before installing aerators or mechanical hoods in the attic, careful consideration and selection of the best option is necessary. The area of ​​the room and its purpose are taken into account.

Design

Design is of utmost importance in arranging ventilation. It is also performed when construction work to avoid additional costs. Even if the construction has already been completed, but ventilation has not been done, it is better to equip it immediately so as not to wait for future problems when the attic becomes unusable.

Regardless of the location of the entrance to the attic space, inside or outside the building, ventilation will be required in any case.

How to properly design ventilation

First of all, they provide for the possibility of an influx of fresh air. This is affected by execution correct design roof for the installation of one ventilation gap provided by the counter-lattice. It is sometimes used not continuous, but intermittently (in separate segments).

This is what a wooden counter-lattice looks like Source kabanchik.ua

The next element of the constant flow of fresh air is the soffits under the eaves. In this case, the diffusion or microperforated film is not brought to the edge of the cornice; it ends immediately behind the wall for the free passage of fresh air masses.

Another way to bring in fresh air is to create a gap around the entire perimeter of the roof between the waterproofing and the roof itself. An interval of 3-5 cm must be observed throughout the entire length, as well as at entry and exit. This rule is observed with insulated roofing systems and those without insulation.

Having designed the air flow, the development of the optimal outflow option:

upper part of the roof equipped with ventilation ducts, point aerators, aeration turbines operating with the least gust of wind;

waterproofing film along the entire length of the ridge girder, and make a gap for easy air outflow from under the roof;

If long meal (internal corner), then air flow is ensured along the entire line to the ventilation gap, creating a continuous ventilation connection

also arranged continuous ventilation ridges (joining elements of the roof slope) and ridges (intersections of two roof slopes).

You can calculate all the necessary ventilation elements and their number only depending on the area of ​​your attic. All calculations are individual, because all buildings have different roof shapes, which has great importance for designing attic ventilation.

Instruction during installation of ventilation systems

When installing attic ventilation by a professional team, you can tell them about your preferences and check the work done. You need to make sure there is sufficient air inflow and outflow.

The flow of air into the attic is effectively carried out using valves built into window designs. Their device allows ventilation even when the window is closed. There are valves for vertical and inclined (dormer) windows.

Roof ventilation methods

For air circulation in the under-roof space apply:

roof outlets ventilation;

piece roof covering with ventilation holes;

roof fans;

ventilation gap roofing pie;

dormer windows.

Now there are many roof outlets and ventilation vents of continuous and point type.

Continuous aerators include ridge and cornice vents; combining them brings maximum efficiency.

The operation of this scheme is based on wind and heat pressure. When roof ventilation is performed correctly, within an hour the air flow passes through the entire roof surface twice.

At the top, vents are applied with roofing material so that they do not spoil the appearance and do not allow precipitation to pass through.

Where does moisture come from?

The insulation can become moisturized for two reasons:

Due to penetration between layers moisture from the street(precipitation, fog, high humidity) through defects in the roofing carpet.

Due to the formation of moisture indoors(condensing vapors of the under-roof space) through places where the layer of vapor barrier material is damaged.

Warm air contains much more moisture than cold air, so in winter water vapor escapes through the layers of the structure. interior space out.

In general, living spaces are saturated with vapors generated during cooking, washing, cleaning, and taking a bath.

Video description

About the correct arrangement of roof layers and ventilation system in the following video:

Conclusion

Installing under-roof ventilation is an extremely important and necessary procedure that requires attention and responsibility, and in order for the roof of the house to “not cry,” it is necessary to comply with all rules and regulations.

Good ventilation of a metal roof helps to avoid many problems. In this way, they get rid of condensation that forms on the inside of the metal tile and on the thermal insulation layer due to the temperature difference. High humidity can also be caused by snow or rain, which due to strong wind sometimes they get under the roof. When moisture gets on the insulation, its thermal insulation properties deteriorate significantly. Wooden rafter structures and sheathing are subject to destructive effects from high humidity.

The influence of condensation is especially strong in the off-season, when the ambient temperature drops. During this period, warm air, which contains moisture, rises from the living space and, in contact with the cold surface of the roof, condenses. A roof ventilation device prevents the negative consequences of the damaging effects of high humidity and helps create a comfortable microclimate not only in the under-roof space, but throughout the entire room.

How to arrange a ventilation outlet for metal tiles

To ensure that accumulated air along with moisture escapes from under the roof, it is necessary to provide a constant supply of fresh air from the street. Thanks to such a circulation device, the following tasks are performed:

• The surface of the metal tile is cooled. As a result of this, the snow does not melt on it, and ice does not form, and there will be no icicles on the eaves.
• During the hot season, the under-roof space and the roof do not overheat.

Considering that steam has a high penetrating ability, a ventilation gap should be created between the roof and the insulation (usually 50 mm).

In order for the space to be ventilated naturally, ventilation outlets are used, consisting of a metal pipe, which is placed in a plastic casing and insulated with polyurethane. A deflector cap is installed at the top of the pipe to protect against precipitation from entering it. Structurally, the deflector is designed in such a way that it can enhance air draft.

A natural ventilation system will be effective only if the ventilation outlets are placed strictly in in the prescribed manner taking into account the peculiarities design features roofs and the direction of the prevailing winds in this area. Otherwise, the opposite effect may occur when air is drawn into the room.

One of the main technological issues when installing a ventilation outlet is ensuring the tightness of its connection to the roof covering. This task can be achieved by using internal and external seals and a pass-through element for metal tiles. In this capacity, various ventilation and sewer pipes, antenna penetrations and others. When installing ventilation outlets and fans, also use roof penetrations. They help achieve the required level of tightness on any type of roof.

How to install ventilation elements

To install penetrations through the roof covering, it is necessary:

1. Mark and then cut a hole for the pipe in the metal tile using a template.
2. Use self-tapping screws to secure the passage element in it, before applying sealant to it.
3. An outlet (sewer, ventilation, etc.) is inserted into the passage element and, using a level, is set strictly vertically, followed by securing the outlet with self-tapping screws.
4. The exhaust outlet is connected to the air duct located inside the house through a corrugated pipe. It is pulled through the vapor barrier, waterproofing and insulation. All passage points are sealed sticky tapes, sealant for closing hydraulic and vapor barriers, sealant.

High-quality penetration can withstand vibration, precipitation pressure, and the effects of temperature changes. In most cases, the material for the manufacture of this element is silicone or rubber. They do not corrode, do not melt in the sun, fit tightly to the roof surface, serve as a reliable barrier against moisture and debris getting inside and, thus, contribute to the safety rafter system from destruction.

Passage elements are selected in accordance with the type of roofing material and the diameter of the object being displayed on it.

When installing ventilation, special attention should be paid to arranging the passage through the roof structure of the shaft. A special device called a ventilation passage through the roof is installed in this place. There are several varieties of them, differing in the installation method. The choice of any of them depends on what type of ventilation pipes will be installed: sewer, smoke or antenna. Holes for pipes in metal tiles can also be processed in different ways.

In most cases, the installation of air ducts is carried out on reinforced concrete glasses, and they are fixed with nuts and anchor bolts. Such units can be used to transport air with a humidity of no more than 60% and a temperature of 80°C or less. The nodes are unified, their specifications meet the requirements of GOST-15150.

Metal roof ventilation

When the roof slope is 1:3 or even less, install ventilation tube for metal tiles. Its height in this case is 0.5 m, and required amount is determined based on the fact that for 60 m 2 of roof it is necessary to install one pipe.

Plastic ventilation pipes are most often used. They have an aesthetic appearance, long service life, meet sanitary and environmental requirements, and are easy to install. Due to their advantages, they are increasingly replacing traditional galvanized metal counterparts.

When the roof slopes are more than 6 meters long and the roof has a gentle slope, and ventilation pipes cannot be installed, ventilation connections are used. Their height relative to the roof must be no less than 400 mm.

For climatic zones where there is a possibility of heavy snowfall, the height of the ventilation pipe should be 650 mm. This helps prevent snow from covering it.

When building a new house, it is very important to follow the technology for installing the roof ventilation system. The desire to save on such an important element will cause serious problems in the near future. If you want your roof to last for decades without additional repairs, be sure to install roof ventilation.

Metal roof ventilation device

Ventilation of the under-roof space creates a favorable microclimate and affects the service life wooden structures roofs and metal tiles.

A well-designed ventilation system ensures a constant flow of air in and out, saving the home owner from many problems.

Lack of air movement causes increased humidity in the attic or attic space, mold on the walls and structural elements of the roof, their rotting and corrosion.

In the under-roof space, to one degree or another, there is always condensation and wet vapors formed due to the difference between the warm air in the house and the cold air outside, thermal insulation defects, and leaks in vapor barrier coatings.

Functional purpose

• removal of condensate and moisture from the under-roof space;
• ventilation of the roofing pie;
• removal of warm air when heating the tiles.

Ventilation of a metal tile roof ensures the constant removal of moisture-saturated air, keeping the elements of the rafter system and insulation (if any) dry.

Ventilation of the roofing cake removes moisture vapor from the insulation and preserves its thermal insulation properties. To do this, a ventilation gap is made between the layers, which ensures constant air circulation and drying of the insulation.

IN summer period metal tiles heat up quite strongly and to maintain comfortable temperature constant air exchange and removal of hot air from under the roof is necessary.

In winter, warm air under the roof causes the formation of ice and icicles, so its timely removal is no less important. Read how the roofing pie for metal tiles works.

Design methods

The organization of a ventilation system in a house begins at the design stage. Most often, continuous and spot ventilation is used.

Continuous system– provides air access through vent holes located under the eaves (covered with soffits) and its release through the ridge.

This efficient scheme for simple gable roofs, the under-roof space of which has no obstacles to air circulation. When properly organized, a natural draft is created, like a stove draft. It provides continuous natural air flow.

It is important to ensure a balance between the volume of incoming and outgoing air. If the system malfunctions, moist air remains under the roof. This leads to negative consequences: mold, mildew, rust.

Spot ventilation (aerators)– used in addition to a continuous system, on roofs of complex shapes and in the presence of roof windows.

Metal or plastic aerators are installed on metal roofing in the form of a pipe with a cap (to protect against precipitation). To install them to metal tiles, pass-through elements are used to ensure a sealed exit of the pipe through the roofing.

The frequency of installation of aerators is calculated individually, depending on the complexity of the roof structure and the presence of roof windows.

Summarize

For simple gable roofs continuous supply and exhaust ventilation is an ideal option that works almost without failure.

If the roof has a complex shape, there are skylights– in the under-roof space, many obstacles arise for the free passage of air, and “stagnant” places appear. In this case, it is recommended to combine continuous ventilation with spot ventilation by installing aerators.

It is important to correctly design and install ventilation systems - the service life of the roof and the comfort of living in the building depend on their correct operation.

Ventilation outlet for metal tiles: installation instructions

Obviously, the roof over the house is built to last for decades, and a properly designed ventilation outlet for metal tiles will be the key to its high-quality and long-term functioning.

This can prevent the development of undesirable processes that can subsequently damage the materials of the roofing structure.

Why is it necessary to ventilate the roof?

Ventilation outlet for metal tiles

The correct ratio of temperature and air humidity in the under-roof space is the main task of the roof ventilation system, the presence of which will ensure the correct operation of the roof as a single complex.

It is known that warm air masses rise upward, carrying with them moisture in a vapor state. If the ventilation of metal tiles is not equipped, or it does not function correctly, moisture, having no way out, accumulates in confined space and, reaching the dew point, condenses on the elements of the roof structure.

In this regard, the following threats arise:

1. Condensation settling on a wooden roof truss structure can cause the appearance of fungus and its rotting, which will subsequently lead to premature destruction.
2. Condensation settled on the metal elements of the roof provokes corrosion, which over time leads to their loss bearing capacity and integrity.
3. Moisture is well absorbed into brick or concrete elements roofing structures, which can provoke an increase in their thermal conductivity and in the future lead to their destruction;
4. Condensed moisture quickly saturates the roofing insulation, as a result of which it completely loses its properties, transforming from a heat insulator into a heat conductor. As a consequence, there is an increase in the costs of heating and air conditioning the building during the corresponding seasonal periods.

The problem described in the last paragraph is one of the key ones, and can appear in the shortest possible time.

How to arrange ventilation for a pitched roof - basic principles

Ventilation outlet installation diagram

In order to release the air masses accumulated in the under-roof space, and with them the moisture, it is necessary to ensure the supply of fresh street air.

Ventilation pipes for metal tiles are designed to perform this task. In the lower part of the metal tile roof, special vents are installed, through which cold street air enters the under-roof space, pushing out the accumulated moist air through exits in the ridge area of ​​the metal tile roof.

This air circulation performs the following tasks:

• The accumulated water vapor penetrating into the under-roof space from the residential part of the house is removed;
• The surface of the metal tile is cooled, which allows you to avoid melting snow and the formation of ice and icicles in the area of ​​the roof eaves in winter;
• Overheating of the roof and under-roof space from solar radiation in the summer.

In addition to ventilation outlets, exits from the under-roof space are provided separately for ventilation ducts from the kitchen, bathroom and other rooms of the building. An outlet for ventilation of the sewer riser is also individually mounted.

Operating principle of continuous ventilation outlets

Ventilation outlets on the roof surface can be of two types:

1. Point outputs– installed in the area of ​​the roof ridge with a certain step from each other. In appearance they resemble a mushroom. They are also called roof aerators. Also, they can be equipped with forced fans.
2. Continuous outputs– are mounted along the entire length of the ridge and are unnoticeable, since they are painted in the color of the metal tile and, unlike point exits, do not protrude above its surface.

To avoid direct rain, the exits are closed from above decorative caps, made of metal or durable plastic, and painted in the color of metal tiles.

How to properly install a ventilation outlet in a metal tile roof

To install outlets in a sheet of metal tiles, it is necessary to make a hole through which the outlet will be taken out. ventilation duct. To prevent rainwater from leaking in these places, it is necessary to use special blanks (pass-through elements), which are supplied in the color of the metal tile by suppliers of roofing materials and components.

Ventilation outlet installation method

Ventilation outlet for metal tiles is installed according to the following algorithm:

1. Required number of outputs– at the rate of one per 60 sq. m. roof surface.
2. The ventilation outlet must be located at a distance no lower than 60 cm from the ridge.
3. If the roof structure is complex, with big amount kinks and intersections, the number of output elements must be increased.
4. The delivery set includes a template for marking the planned hole for the ventilation element.
5. After the hole is made in the metal tile, it is necessary to paint over the end part of the metal to avoid the occurrence of a corrosion center.
6. A rubber sealing ring is placed on the silicone, after which it is additionally attached to the roof with screws.
7. After the sealant has dried, the pass-through element can be installed in its place.

It is also secured with screws. When installing a pass-through ventilation element, use only the specially designed screws included in the delivery package.

• On the under-roof side, it is necessary to ensure a reliable connection between the waterproofing and vapor barrier films.

To prevent moisture from getting into the sealant layer, it is necessary to additionally apply silicone sealant at the junctions of the waterproofing and vapor barrier to the ventilation pipe.

You should not save on arranging proper ventilation of the under-roof space. After all, its cost is negligible compared to the costs that may be required for restoration work covering a roof with metal tiles in the future if you do not protect your roof from condensation in time. High-quality components and responsible performers who adhere to the right technology installation of roof ventilation - all this together will significantly extend the life of your home.

Ventilation of metal roofing - installation of a ventilation outlet

Even the best roofing material, a perfectly assembled rafter system and strict adherence to all basic installation operations do not guarantee that the roof will reliably protect your home for a long time. The functionality of the roof largely depends on how the hydro- and vapor barrier layers work, as well as the ventilation system. Excellent ventilation systems are made by Vilpe, Aquasystem and Ridge Master.

Roof ventilation

Everyone knows why good ventilation is necessary, for example, in rooms. But not everyone knows that good ventilation roofing is one of the main conditions for maintaining an optimal level of humidity inside the house and in the under-roof space.

Ventilated roofs last much longer due to the fact that the roofing material is not subject to the destructive effects of water, which accumulates in the form of condensation on any (wooden, brick or metal) surfaces. A constant flow of air from outside protects the attic from fumes resulting from temperature changes.

Ventilation protects wooden roof elements from rotting and metal tiles from corrosion, prevents the formation of ice and icicles on the eaves on the roof surface, and prevents the insulation from getting wet (that is, it helps to avoid heat loss). In summer, ventilated roofs do not overheat. From all of the above, we can conclude that the roof needs an efficient ventilation system.

Roofing pie and its structure

One of the elements of general roof ventilation is ventilation gaps in the “roofing pie”, which consists of:

• Vapor barrier layer;
• A layer (or several layers) of insulation;
• Waterproofing layer;
• Counter-lattices and battens;
• Roofing covering (metal tiles, etc.).

Ventilation system for insulated and non-insulated roofs

Gaps (voids) are arranged on both sides of the insulation (it should not come into contact with adjacent layers, there should be a free distance of about 5 cm between them and the insulation). They prevent steam, which has a high penetrating ability, from reaching the insulation and allow the roof to “breathe” (provide Free access air to the vents in the ridge).

Ventilation device in the under-roof space

Ventilation of a cold attic or attic involves the construction of a system of holes and gaps through which constant air exchange will take place. The most effective ventilation outlets will be in the eaves (under the roof overhang) and in the ridges. In this case, air circulates throughout the entire roof area under the roofing carpet from the eaves to the ridge.

Ridge and cornice vents can be point-shaped (round) or have an oblong shape. In skates, vents are often made in the form of a slot along the entire length of the skate. To ensure normal air circulation, the total area of ​​the ventilation openings should be 0.3-0.5% of the entire roof area. Moreover, the area of ​​the ventilation holes on the ridge and slopes should be 10-15 percent larger than the area of ​​the eaves vents.

Elements of under-roof ventilation

Metal roofing includes ridge and eaves elements with ready-made ventilation holes, which are sold complete with the roofing.

Ventilation hoods are installed not only as openings in the ridge, but also as separate elements. Aerators are designed to remove fumes from the under-roof space. They are suitable for almost all types of roofs.

The number of these devices depends on the following factors:

• Purpose of the building and its design features.
• Roof configurations.
• Roof area.
• Roofing covering.

Point aerators usually have the shape of a fungus and are installed on slopes, not far from the ridge. In addition to passive aerators, if necessary, ventilation turbines and deflectors are installed on the roof. These devices create forced draft, which significantly accelerates the movement of air in the under-roof space.

Installation of ventilation outlet in metal tiles

Natural ventilation of the under-roof space is ensured using ventilation outlets, which are metal pipes in a plastic casing. A deflector cap is installed on top of the aerator, enhancing traction and protecting the pipe from precipitation. The installation of this element of the system must be done with special care so as not to damage the tightness of the roof. Sequence of operations:

• Marking is made for the hole in the metal tile sheet.

• A hole is cut with metal scissors.

• The cut is painted with a special protective paint using a brush or aerosol.

• Part of the “roofing pie” is carefully removed so that the passage element fits into the hole.

• A passage element is inserted into the hole, sealed with silicone sealant and secured with self-tapping screws.

• The ventilation outlet is installed and using building level installed strictly vertically. Fastened with self-tapping screws.

• All joints are glued with adhesive tape and sealed with sealant.

Carrying out installation work

If the slope has a slight slope, special ventilation pipes are installed, the height of which is at least 50 cm (above the roofing). Ventilation pipes are installed at the rate of one pipe per 60 square meters. m. of roofing. Nowadays, plastic pipes are increasingly being installed on metal tile roofs. They are durable, easy to install and look good.

A roof covered with metal tiles can easily last for half a century. And its service life directly depends on how efficiently the ventilation system operates. By providing the roof of your home with a constant flow of fresh air, you can breathe freely and forget about problems with your roof for several decades.

Metal roof ventilation device

Ventilation of a metal roof allows you to avoid many problems that arise due to the accumulation of condensation on the inside of the roof. Metal is a reliable material, but a roof made of it does not allow air to pass through, so ventilation for metal tiles becomes the only optimal solution. During construction, further arrangement and construction of ventilation outlets on the roof are taken into account.

Why is metal roof ventilation needed?

The main reason for the accumulation of moisture on metal tiles and a layer of thermal insulation material can be called temperature differences. During the off-season period, warm vapors from living areas, kitchens and bathrooms rise up to the roof. There they enter colder airspace, as a result of which the resulting condensation tends to settle on walls and windows.

As vapors accumulate inside the building without the necessary external outlet, excess moisture appears on the metal roof. A ventilated roof serves to prevent dampness, as well as to eliminate drops of water and snow that are blown under the roof by the wind.

For metal roofing, high humidity is especially dangerous. This is a factor leading to the destruction of roofing parts and damage to the integrity of the roof. As a result, the following negative changes are observed:

1. The insulation loses its insulating properties and does not perform its functions. If the layer is saturated with moisture by just a few percent, the material accumulates internal heat and conducts the cold, despite being completely dry.
2. Wooden parts are subject to deformation, rafters and sheathing are gradually destroyed. If wooden structural elements have not been pre-treated with antiseptic substances, they are at risk of mold growth and rotting.
3. The accumulation of moisture leads to the formation of additional load on the roof rafters in the form of ice and icicles, their partial and complete sagging.

The installation of a ventilated roof restores the circulation of air masses on the metal roofing and under it. The ventilation outlet for metal tiles provides an influx of cold air, normalizes the temperature, preventing the snow from melting. During the hot season, a ventilated roof saves the roof and the space underneath from overheating. For this purpose, builders leave free space between the roof and the insulating layer of thermal insulation. The gap size should be at least 5 cm.

What is a ventilation system?

Effective ventilation of a metal roof is achieved through air exchange. The passage of ventilation through a metal tile roof when installing ventilation outlets is mandatory if there is an exhaust hood in the house.

The ventilation outlet for metal tiles is a long plastic or metal pipe. The diameter of the device ranges from 30 to 105 mm, the maximum height is 50 cm. The higher the ventilation pipe, the stronger the draft.

The universal device is mounted at a short distance from the roof ridge, no more than half a meter. This provides hot air with free access to the street from the building. Only a small part of the pipe goes up, resistant to gusts of wind.

The pipe is produced with a protective reflector on the head and is most suitable as an air duct for large sheets of metal tiles. The sheets are stitched together and sealed during installation. The complete set consists of the following ventilation elements:

When planning the design of a ventilated roof, specialists take into account the surface area and slope angles. For a roof of about 50 square meters with a slope of up to thirty degrees, one ventilation outlet is sufficient. The slopes are steep and large and may require additional pipes.

Exits through metal tiles are divided into point exits, which are ventilation fungi, and continuous exits, which are placed along the entire ridge. They are painted the same color as the metal tiles, so they are practically invisible.

Types of ventilation for metal tiles

When building a cottage, channels are provided inside the brick walls to ensure a natural flow of fresh air into the building. This system can be supplemented with an aerator, although in most cases a special pipe connected to the roof is sufficient.

There are two types of forced roof ventilation and are carried out according to the following schemes:

1. Roofing. Optimizes temperature and humidity in the roof gap, preventing the appearance of dampness. Installation of a ventilation outlet on the roof is carried out using a pipe with a plastic penetration and a deflector that reaches the rafters. A ventilated roof can structurally solve the problem of loss of thermal insulation and destruction of the wooden parts of the roof.
2. Through. A more expensive type of installation work, which involves the arrangement of exits passing through the entire multi-layer “roofing pie” into the attic space. For this purpose, holes are drilled, and the tightness is maintained thanks to standard passage elements with a diameter of 110 mm. The parts ensure installation of pipes and fans on the roof, equipped with rubber seal on the inside of the flange. They repeat the profile of the roof and are securely attached to the metal tiles. For ventilation under the roof, a deflector is used - a low-pressure fan.

Such a necessary measure as installing ventilation on metal tiles does not cost more than one tenth of construction costs, but it allows you to save a lot of money by significantly extending the service life of materials. The device is easily mounted on any type of metal tile, allowing you to bring channels to the roof of the house.

Under-roof ventilation

EXCESSIVE MOISTURE IS THE MAIN ENEMY OF YOUR ROOF

The roof of any home needs to breathe. With properly equipped ventilation, the service life of the roof increases significantly. It is necessary to make an important reservation - we are talking about a classic attic, when an insulated living space is located under the roof and the space of the house is used as efficiently as possible, and not a cold attic.

In almost any roof structure, humidity is always high. This happens for two reasons:

1. Due to the difference in temperature inside and outside (especially in the cold season), there is a “dew point” - the temperature at which moisture in the air begins to condense.
2. Warm air, as you know, rises. We are used to living in a warm place, so in our house this warm air seeks to exit through the roof. There it encounters cold air, resulting in condensation.

High humidity in the roof space affects wooden roof structures, insulation, and, as a result, the entire roof as a whole. Getting the insulation wet reduces its thermal insulation characteristics several times, and wooden structures are subject to rot, mold and fungi, which significantly reduces the service life of the roof and can negatively affect the health of the residents of the house.

Ventilation

At correct device The roofing pie vapor barrier prevents the penetration of water vapor from the room, and the diffusion membrane closes the insulation from the outside, preventing water from passing through from above and allowing water vapor to escape from the insulation to the outside.

Classic design of a combined attic

1. Wooden rafter system. 2. Vapor barrier film TECHNONICOL. 3. Slabs from stone wool TECHNOLITE EXTRA. 4. TECHNONICOL Optima superdiffusion membrane. 5. Counter beam for creating ventilation ducts. 6. Sparse sheathing. 7. Wooden flooring (OSP-3; FSF). 8. Underlay carpet ANDEREP PROF. 9. Multilayer tiles TECHNONICOL SHINGLAS. 10. Step lathing for insulation.11. Attic filing

It is precisely in order to remove these water vapors from the space between the diffusion membrane and wooden flooring from OSB-3 or FSF (see figure), protect the roof structure and insulation, ventilation of the under-roof space is needed. It is necessary to ensure air access at the eaves overhangs and air outlet at the ridge parts of the roof. And if the first does not present any difficulties, then release the air where you need to ensure complete tightness roofing, not so simple. It is to solve these issues that the elements of under-roof ventilation are used.

Ventilation

Thanks to under-roof ventilation, cold air can enter from below and exit from above. At this moment, air movement occurs throughout the entire under-roof space.

Ventilation removes residual steam from the premises of the building, stabilizes the temperature over the entire roof area, preventing the formation of condensation from inside roofs and the appearance of ice, icicles, and on a sunny day it reduces the temperature in the rooms when the roof covering is heated from the sun's rays.

Ventilation

MOLD CAN CAUSE BREATHING PROBLEMS

It is known that where there is excessive humidity, mold appears very quickly, which is dangerous to human health due to the mycotoxins it releases. Mold spores move freely through the air and enter the human body through breathing. Exposure to mold can cause breathing problems, allergies, or asthma. The mucous membranes become easily inflamed after exposure to mold, which can subsequently lead to sinusitis, bronchitis and even pneumonia.

The best way to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold in the roof, and subsequently throughout the house, is to keep the building structure dry and proper organization ventilation system.

There is no need to skimp on quality ventilation. Its cost relative to the cost of the entire roof is unlikely to take more than a few percent. But repairing a roof due to its incorrect or poor-quality structure will cost much more.

For proper ventilation installation, everything must be correctly calculated and installed, otherwise improperly equipped under-roof ventilation or its complete absence will lead to fungus and mold damage load-bearing structures buildings, starting with the rafter system.

REASONS (typical errors)

INVESTIGATION (typical problems)

At first glance, it seems that it is difficult to understand the huge number of elements intended for the installation of under-roof ventilation; it is not clear what is for what. And is it necessary to install them all at all? But that's not true. Modern under-roof ventilation systems are so easy to install that anyone can handle them.

One of optimal solutions ventilation devices are now plastic under-roof ventilation from TECHNONICOL. It allows the roof to “breathe” freely.

TECHNONICOL Corporation has developed for the installation of a roof ventilation system, adapting it to climatic conditions Russia, the following elements:

• Solid ridge aerator;
• Ventilation outlet;
• Insulated ventilation outlet D125/160;
• Aero element PILOT;
• Aero element KTV;
• SKAT roof valve;
• Valve SKAT Monterrey;
• Roofing passage element SKAT;
• Pass-through element SKAT Monterrey;
• Passage element;
• Cap D110/D160;
• Adapter;
• Universal antenna and pipe sealant D 10-70;
• Universal antenna and pipe sealant D 90-175;
• Aero element KTV - alpha;
• Base deflector.

Let's look at the elements of under-roof ventilation in more detail.

Solid ridge aerator

It is used for ventilation of roof structures and attic spaces, to remove excess moisture from the under-roof space and serves as the main element of ventilation. For the aerator to work correctly, it is necessary to first organize the flow of air through eaves overhang, as well as a channel through which air will flow to the aerator and organize a cut in a solid base 5-8 cm wide at the installation site of the element.

The aerator is installed on the ridge of a roof made of flexible tiles and is fixed mechanically. Covered with ridge-eaves tiles. Two or more elements are connected at the ends into a lock. The ventilated area of ​​the under-roof space is 25 m2.

Ventilation outlet D110

designed for ventilation sewer system summer houses and to remove all odors and vapors generated during cooking. Installed on the roof and connected directly to sewer riser using pipes and couplings. Characteristics: Outlet D 110 mm, Pipe H 500 mm.

Ventilation outlet D110

Insulated ventilation outlet, D125/160 (H 500 / H 700)

It is also used to provide ventilation for the sewer system, but is recommended for installation in houses with year-round accommodation. An insulated ventilation outlet is installed on the roof and, using a system of pipes and couplings, is connected directly to the sewer riser, which ensures the removal of odors. The insulated ventilation outlet is made of innovative materials that are not subject to icing even during prolonged frosts. (characteristics: pipe D 125 mm, external pipe D 160 mm, pipe H 500 mm and 700 mm).

Insulated ventilation outlet, D125/160 (H 500 / H 700)

Aero element KTV

It is used to remove excess moisture from the under-roof space of flexible tile roofs with a missing roof ridge or when ridge ventilation is not sufficient. The pressure difference created by the aero element sets air flows in motion, thus helping to remove moisture evaporating from the insulation from the under-roof space. The recommended installation location for the aero element is 0.5–0.8 m from the roof ridge, while air flow is ensured on the overhangs. One aerator provides ventilation of 10 m2 of roofing, provided that the height of the ventilated under-roof space is 5 cm.

Consumption: 1 aero element ~ per 10 m2. Size: Outlet D 110 mm.

Each of the elements has its own functionality in the under-roof ventilation device.

• Quick installation. Simply calculate the required number of elements and easily install them.
• Reduces heating costs. The humidity level in the room remains under control, which allows for significant savings on heating costs
• Long service life. The TECHNONICOL company provides a 15-year warranty on under-roof ventilation elements, with a service life of more than 30 years.
• Eco-friendly roofing. Materials that are safe for humans and the environment allow you to create a comfortable indoor microclimate
• Wide operating temperature range. Retains its properties at extremely low and high temperatures from -50 to +90°C.
• Wide color palette. The ventilation system is available in red, brown, green, grey, blue and black, which allows you to match it to the color of the tiles and implement any bold plans of the architect.

Not a single modern house today can do without under-roof ventilation.

High-quality under-roof ventilation, if properly installed, will ensure a long service life of the roof and the entire building as a whole and will allow significant savings on energy consumption.

The strength, reliability and durability of a roofing covering and structure are determined by many different components. Such an important component as ventilation in the under-roof space is most often given insufficient attention. How competently and carefully the protection of the under-roof space from moisture and atmospheric phenomena, the service life of the structure and the comfort of living completely depend.

The need for under-roof ventilation

Roof structures of pitched roofs require mandatory ventilation. Performing high-quality air exchange is necessary to ensure the safety of the wooden elements of the supporting frame structure, consisting of sheathing and rafters.

The use of even the most powerful antiseptic cannot completely protect wood from biological damage during systematic moistening. In addition, at high levels of humidity, the insulation layer and the roofing material itself suffer.

Strong moistening of the insulation significantly reduces the thermal insulation performance and reduces the service life of the roof. Insufficient ventilation of the under-roof space provokes the accumulation of moisture in large quantities, which can cause the formation of smudges and mold on the ceiling surface.

To obtain a dry under-roof space, it is necessary to ensure free circulation of air masses. Constant ventilation of rafters and sheathing extends the service life.

Organization of ventilation of the space under the roof requires the organization of special openings and gaps, which are designed in accordance with the rules and technology and do not allow precipitation to penetrate.

Roofing pie structure

Roofing pie is important structural element when constructing almost any roof.

Cold roof

Ventilation device cold roof(attic)

A cold roof is characterized by a very simple design that does not require the use of insulation, vapor barrier or finishing equipment.

The composition of the roofing pie for cold roof includes the following elements:

• waterproofing film or;

• counter-lattice and sheathing;

The use of microperforated films prevents the entry of moisture from the outside, but does not delay the release of water vapor. In this case, a vapor barrier is not required, and water vapor is removed by air currents.

The use of polyethylene and polypropylene films, as well as obsolete materials in the form of roofing felt, for waterproofing cold roofs is not allowed.

Ventilation is provided in the process of creating a gap by means of a counter-lattice, and air flows enter the under-roof space through the eaves overhang and then exit through the roof ridge.

A prerequisite is the installation of counter-lattice, which allows you to create a gap between the film and the sheathing, which facilitates the unhindered passage of air flows. For high-quality ventilation of a cold attic space, conventional ones are used.

Additional ventilation requires the installation of a standard supply and exhaust system.

Warm roof

Leaks in the roof can be prevented by eliminating the penetration of moisture into the structure. The use of fiberglass insulation is characterized by the hygroscopicity of the material, which necessitates the need for reliable layers - and.

Mineral wool It is resistant to water, but requires the installation of an additional protective layer against water vapor. Extruded polystyrene foam has the highest degree of moisture resistance.

To protect the insulation from moisture entering the roof, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier made of a conventional vapor-permeable or “breathable” film. The first is installed with a gap, and the second can be laid directly on the insulation layer. High-quality vapor barrier is characterized by tightness and absence of damage.

Under standard conditions, the ventilation gap is arranged from the roofing material to the waterproofing. For this purpose, a counter-lattice with a thickness of five centimeters is installed. A continuous deck or step lathing should be installed on top. The absence or insufficient thickness of the counter-lattice deprives the roof of ventilation.

From the waterproofing layer to the insulation, it is necessary to equip the lower version of the ventilated gap to allow the steam that rises from the attic to escape. The width of the upper gap is about five centimeters.

Elements of under-roof ventilation

The use of high-quality elements of under-roof ventilation allows you to extend the durability of the roof and significantly save on repairs to the roofing surface.

Cornice vents

Through this element, air masses enter under the roof, pass upward and exit into the atmosphere. This type of vents is installed along all eaves overhangs:

• slot vents, which are a gap up to 2.5 cm wide and located between the walls and roof;

• spot vents performed on a roof slope of more than 15 degrees with a diameter of up to one cm. In the case of a slope of less than 15 degrees, the standard vent parameters are 2.5 cm.

When installing slot-like vents, the roof overhang is covered with soffits and dot grilles. To prevent snow from blowing in, a gutter is mounted above the ventilation gap, which allows the gap to remain free even in conditions of heavy icing.

Skate vents

This version of the vents is involved in roof ventilation and allows air masses to escape outside. The ridge type of vent can have a continuous design with a width of five centimeters or be made in the form of frequent holes.

Cornice and ridge vents need protection from debris and bird nests. For this purpose, it is necessary to install special ventilation elements.

Roof aerators

They are used to remove vapors from the under-roof space. Such elements are used with any type of coating, regardless of the shape and slope of the roof. The main functional load is to dry the insulation, remove condensation, and prevent rotting and leaks.

Roof aerators can be mounted not only during the construction of the roof, but also on the finished roofing surface. The number of roofing aerators directly depends on the roof shape and area, as well as the material used and the purpose of the attic space.

Aerator for flexible tiles

Features of the roof ventilation system

The technology for performing under-roof ventilation largely depends on the type of roofing.

For soft or flexible roofing

One of the most important problems with soft-covered roofs is swelling, which can cause leaks. Water penetrating into the space under the roof contributes to the gradual destruction of the roof. To prevent such situations, it is advisable to use roofing aerators, which not only remove moisture, but also help maintain the integrity of the roof.

In addition, to provide high-quality roof ventilation, the following can be used:

• pass-through ventilation elements;

• roof valves;

• antenna type outputs;

• fire hatches for roofs and seals for roof exits.

For metal tiles

The upper gap for ventilation of the under-roof space in metal tile roofs must be of a standard size. Any errors contribute to the emergence of turbulent flows, which disrupts the direction of movement of air masses and increases the resistance of air flows.

Certain difficulties that interfere with ventilation under metal tiles arise in the case of constructing green facades from climbing plants or when performing external insulation. In such cases, partial blocking of the air flow openings is possible. In an effective way is the use of ventilation tape and overhang aeroelements with decorative grilles.

Ventilation device through the roof

It should be borne in mind that any violations during the construction of the roof can significantly impair the performance of the vents. To the most common mistakes relate:

• use of special adhesive tapes without making gaps;

• filling roof cracks with polyurethane foam;

• laying overlapping roofing film without making ventilation gaps.

For a roof that is installed above attic floor, it is required to install a continuous ridge vent, regardless of the roofing material used.

The modern roofing materials market offers several types of ventilation systems for ventilation through the roof:

• valved and valveless options;

• thermally insulated and thermally non-insulated options;

• with a controller that regulates the valves for opening/closing.

Let's sum it up

Providing the roof of a building with durability and strength depends on well-established under-roof ventilation in combination with a high-quality ventilation passage through the roofing surface. When installing, you should familiarize yourself with the technology of work and the features of using various ventilation elements.

Often a stylish living space is built in the attic of a one-story country house, turning it into something like a two-story one. The attic is first insulated, waterproofed, and a vapor-proof layer is laid.

But they forget that good ventilation of the under-roof space is required, considering this a waste time and money. As a result, at best, they end up with premises unsuitable for living.

Cold attic It is convenient to turn a country house into an additional residential floor. From the attic comes an excellent office, bedroom or art studio with a bizarre geometry of walls and ceilings.

One problem is that many customers of such alterations refuse to install ventilation there, believing that the builders want to deceive and take more money. Some home craftsmen engaged in construction without involving professional builders, they believe that the attic does not require ventilation, because this is an extra cost.

An attic space can unexpectedly turn into an excellent living space if it is properly equipped

This decision is justified by the fact that 50-70 years ago no one installed all sorts of aerators, soffits and other elements that are now sold en masse in all construction stores. And the houses, despite the lack of ventilation in the attic, still stand and look better than some modern cottages.

Indeed, many old houses are perfectly preserved, but not due to the lack of ventilation. Everything is just the opposite - they are perfectly organized natural ventilation attic space.

In such houses, no one equipped an additional room in the attic for permanent residence. And no insulation materials were used here - the attic is cold, has dormer windows, additional gaps and cracks for the entry and exit of incoming and outgoing air flows.

It is convenient to turn the attic space into a children's room, especially if there is an addition to the family, and the purchase of new property is not included in the spending plans for the near future

If the attic space is not provided with ventilation or it is there but does not work, then soon all family members will become aware of this fact.

The main problems arising from lack of attic ventilation are the following:

• musty air;
• the appearance of an unpleasant putrid odor;
• mold under the ceiling and on the walls of the attic;
• rotting of roof structures;
• condensation formation;
• icicles and ice hanging from the roof in winter.

An unhealthy microclimate with such signs is guaranteed to all inhabitants. As a result, instead of a bright and cozy room, it turns out to be a breeding ground for bacteria, an unpleasant odor and destruction of everything that gets in its way.

But this is far from the worst. Such manifestations are harbingers of imminent roof repairs, which will occur in 3-5 years due to rotted wooden structures, wet insulation and the inability to use the attic for its intended purpose.

Rotting of wooden roof elements can lead to their complete destruction and roof collapse. Especially if everything is hidden from the inside, and the owner did not realize the problem in time

To avoid large expenses after arranging the attic, it is important to immediately develop a design for its ventilation. This will protect all residents of the house from health problems and save family budget. What does it cost to solve a problem with an unexpectedly collapsed roof? It’s good if none of the household members are in the house.

Ventilation of the under-roof space is provided by a set of devices and measures:

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