Homemade scaffolding from a profile pipe drawings. How to make scaffolding yourself

It is difficult to carry out construction work without loess, especially if it needs to be done at high altitudes. The design will help you safely climb to the top, do everything you need, and place materials nearby that will help you in your work. Rent construction scaffolding from profile pipe inconvenient, since it will constantly draw funds, which some may not like. Alternatively, you can make loess yourself. They will be made in a way that is convenient for the owner and will provide the ability to rise to the desired height.

Types of loess

There are several types of loess that you can make yourself. Metal pipes are suitable for manufacturing; boards can be added to the structure. If you make everything out of wood, it will be much cheaper than metal ones. But such installations will not be able to withstand significant loads; there is a possibility of breakage with a large weight installed on them.

In terms of time, a metal frame will take longer to complete, but gradually the costs of its production will be covered by reliable service. If necessary, the structure can be disassembled and rebuilt. In addition to wooden ones, there are other types of loess:

1. Clamps. As a priority, they are used to work with buildings that have a complex configuration. Assembling such products is problematic, but there is an option to bend them as required.

2. Wedge. A significant amount of mass can be placed on them.

3. Pin. They are quite simple to assemble and disassemble. They will be used for small construction work that does not require serious preparation.

4. Frame. Their advantage is lightness and ease of assembly. They can be collected very high, up to 50 meters. They can withstand about 200 kg per meter of base surface. They are most often used in construction because they are easy to make with your own hands.

Important:DIY construction scaffolding from a profile pipe, should not be subjected to significant loads. It is not recommended for two people to stand on them.

Making loess

Making loess from pipes is not at all difficult. To do this, you need to select the required elements, combine them into correct sequence. To make the work go faster, it is recommended to purchase and prepare the required parts in advance. Afterwards you just need to do certain actions with them and combine them into one structure.

Materials for making loess

To make loess, the drawings of which are given in the material, you need steel racks and frames. The footrest is made from boards. It can be made of aluminum, but it will withstand less load. The recommended height of one section is 150 cm; it is most convenient to make it about a meter wide. The length will be 1.5-2 meters. In terms of height, it is necessary to make scaffolding depending on the height of the house.

Before you begin assembling the structure, you need to purchase materials for manufacturing. You will need:

1. Profiles are 1.5 m long and 3x3 cm in cross section. They are suitable for making vertical edges.
2. Pipes with a diameter of 15 mm, which will serve for the construction of spacers.
3. Profile for connecting elements. The section is 2.5x2.5 cm. The flooring will be supported on these elements.
4. Ladder. You can insert a ready-made one, but if not, you can also execute it from the profile.
5. Bolts, nuts and washers that will secure each element. Self-tapping screws to connect wooden parts with.

To work, you will need to use a drill, grinder or hacksaw for metal, welding. Connections can be made by making necessary elements carving The earth at the installation site must be well compacted to avoid distortions during the manufacturing process. If work takes place in the rain, you should think about making a drainage system. The ground under the loess will be strong, and there will be no danger for people at heights.

It is important to remember that even minimal wobble at the joints of parts leads to a strong tilt of higher elements and construction may slow down due to the inability to rise to a height. Therefore, all elements must be connected reliably and efficiently.

Collection of loess

Construction scaffolding is assembled in the following order:

1. First, you need to cut the blanks: diagonal parts holding the structure together, 2 meters each. They need to be cut along the edges and flattened to about 6-7 cm. Horizontal elements - 1 meter each.

2. 2 racks located vertically are connected using spacers. They must be strictly horizontal.

3. The horizontal parts are connected using ties, at a distance of approximately 30 cm. Then the boards will be laid there.

4. The connecting parts are secured.

5. Holes for bolts must be made on the supports.

6. The structure is assembled completely, with boards. Wooden elements are connected with self-tapping screws. The diagrams will help you understand what and how to do.

It makes sense to paint the scaffolding so that it lasts longer. If you plan to frequently disassemble and reassemble the structure, you can connect the elements using adapters. It is necessary to cut pipes 3x3 cm by 10 cm. A piece of 2.5x2.5 cm profile is inserted into them and the elements are welded.

Many people wonder whether it is worth making scaffolding themselves. On the one hand, this design is bulky; you will have to look for a place to store all the parts. If you make everything out of wood, you can simply disassemble the parts, but this will take a long time. Wooden loess is connected only with nails, not with self-tapping screws. The boards will be intact after work; they can be used for other needs.

On the other hand, if construction work will be carried out frequently, and the height will be at the level of the second floor and beyond, you cannot do without your own loess.

If you decide to make scaffolding, you will have to choose from two materials: wood or metal. In the first case, you will get a disposable structure that can be made by anyone who knows how to work with wood, and in the second, it will be reusable, but also quite easy to make. In this article we will tell you how to make scaffolding with your own hands from metal (profile pipes), as well as from wood (boards), demonstrate diagrams, photos and video instructions.

Although metal or wood is predominantly used for the manufacture of scaffolding, they may differ in the method of fastening, and accordingly have different functional elements in their design. So, let's look at the main types of forests.

Components connected by a special wedge fixation. Scaffolds of this design are highly reliable. They are able to withstand quite heavy loads. At the same time, they are easy to use and can be quickly assembled and disassembled. The use of wedge scaffolding is especially important during construction and lifting of heavy materials and components.

The main element of this design is a rigidly mounted frame. They are mainly used for painting or plastering works. The frame in this design is connected to horizontal posts and diagonal braces thanks to node connections. The main advantage of frame scaffolding is its low cost. Their construction does not require large investments.

In these scaffoldings, the connection point, as is obvious from their name, is the pin. This type of scaffolding is very popular among builders, as they are very easy to assemble and disassemble directly on site. construction site. It often takes a day or even two to assemble the scaffolding. In this case, assembling the pin scaffolding will not take much time.

If the object where repair work is carried out has a complex configuration, then clamp scaffolding is great solution. The fastening method used is professional. And for their manufacture important role height and size play a role working area, distance between tiers and pitch of racks. All this is selected individually for each facility.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with simple guide for the production of scaffolding from boards. To do this, follow a few simple sequential steps:

• Lay out 4 racks or boards parallel to each other on a flat area. Their size must immediately correspond to the height of the scaffolding.
• Connect the racks together horizontal jumpers, on which the flooring will later be laid.
• Place the 2 frames made horizontally opposite each other, tie them diagonally and horizontally with boards that will serve as ties.
• Lay the flooring from the boards on the horizontal ties and attach it to the lintels with self-tapping screws.
• Attach the railings to the posts and secure the stairs.

If you need to lengthen the scaffolding structure, connect several similar sections of boards together. The boards are placed on the support posts.

When assembling wooden scaffolding, if nails are used, it is recommended to pre-drill holes to prevent the boards from splitting.

Design

All forests consist of the following elements:

• racks;
• diagonal and horizontal struts (they give spatial strength to the structure);
• flooring lintels;
• a flooring made of boards on which a person will stand;
• stops (to create stability of the scaffolding and prevent it from falling away from the wall);
• a fencing element (so that a person standing on the flooring does not fall down);
• ladder (step-ladder) for climbing to the desired level of scaffolding.

Made of wood and boards

You can find quite a lot of advice on how to make scaffolding on the Internet. Moreover, the recommended designs differ mainly from each other only in the thickness of the board and the size of the scaffolding itself. To avoid getting confused in all this “diversity,” try to focus on the following values:

Let's get started:

1. Prepare the necessary materials in advance:

• boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm and a width of 100 mm (or round timber, or timber 10x10 cm) - for racks and stops;
• boards for spacers and fencing 30 mm thick;
• boards for lintels and flooring 50 mm thick;
• nails (screws in this case are less reliable).

Photo instructions

We invite you to view a number of photographs on the topic of how to make wooden scaffolding yourself:

From a profile pipe

Now about how to make scaffolding (collapsible) from metal (dimensions of one section: height - 1.5 meters, width 1 meter, length 1.65 meters). Determine the number of sections based on the height you need scaffolding.

1. Prepare the necessary materials:

• for racks - profile pipe (square section) 30x30 mm - length 1500 mm;
• for spacers - a pipe with a diameter of 15 mm;
• for connecting inserts (adapters) – profile pipe 25x25 mm;
• Make the flooring from boards 40-50 mm thick and 210-220 cm long.

• for diagonal elements – 2 meters;
• For horizontal elements, connecting the racks from the sides of the structure - 96 cm each.

"Pros and cons"

Firstly, scaffolding is not a small scaffolding, but a rather bulky structure that will need to be stored somewhere after the need for it disappears.

Wooden scaffolding, of course, can be disassembled later, but the work is labor-intensive, and the boards, if you don’t need them in the near future, also need to be stored somewhere. Do not forget that wooden scaffolding is assembled using nails, not screws, so the boards will no longer be completely intact. In addition, when working on scaffolding, the wood often gets dirty with mortar or paint.

Self-made metal scaffolding can not only be disassembled, but also rented out in the future.

Secondly, non-prefabricated scaffolding is designed to work maximum at the second floor level (from the ground). On higher altitude exploitation homemade scaffolding becomes dangerous.

Thirdly, scaffolding is required quite rarely (only for repairing the facade of a building), so the assembly and disassembly of such a temporary structure is not profitable in terms of the time spent on this work.

Fourthly, scaffolding often has to be made long (for example, at least 6 meters for installing siding). Accordingly, their weight increases, and moving homemade wooden scaffolding to the other side of the house becomes a problem even for three or four people.

It is worth thinking about forests at the stage of designing a house.

If facade work you do not plan to do it yourself (but are going to hire construction team), then you don’t have to think too much about scaffolding, since builders usually come to the site with their own scaffolding and scaffolding.

However, upon completion of construction (and after some time has passed), scaffolding may be needed for small façade works. repair work. Can this be avoided?

Certainly. And first, make sure that the facade of your house does not require repairs long years. To do this, it is enough to use it when building walls. facing brick. Now it is produced by many manufacturers and in a fairly wide range of colors.

But others facing materials(such as siding, plaster and others) will periodically require your attention and, accordingly, additional costs, since you will not be able to make scaffolding (buy or rent) for free.

Video

From this video you will learn how to make scaffolding for apartment renovation:

Photo

The photographs show various designs scaffolding:

Scheme

The diagrams will help you design your own scaffolding:

Scaffolding is widely used for construction work such as painting facades or filing cornices.

Currently, it is possible to rent inventory scaffolding or scaffolding and return it upon completion of work. But this is justified only when performing work that takes a short period of time. If the construction is carried out exclusively on your own and for a long time, then rent will be very expensive. Therefore, most future property owners prefer to make scaffolding with their own hands.

Most often, private owners use the following types of forests:

• Scaffolding supported on trestles - suitable for such “quick” work as painting the facade of a not too tall house, arranging eaves overhangs roofs, If desired, they can also be used to fill formwork with concrete and brickwork walls
• Envelope scaffolding is mainly used in house construction.
• Attached wooden frame scaffolding is good for both construction and home renovation.

Gantry scaffolding

Traces are often used not only in construction, but also in external and interior decoration Houses. Their advantages are:

• cheapness;
• ease of manufacture;
• light weight;
• mobility.

Such scaffolding consists of two trestles, knocked together from boards, and a flooring, which can be either just a set of individual boards, cut to length, or a solid board made together. Using a shield allows you not to worry about the boards “corroding” under your feet.

To make trestles you need:

• edged board with a thickness of 30 - 50 mm;
• nails or screws;
• to tie the parts together, you can use steel corners 50*50 mm (if available);
• drill or screwdriver;
• hammer;
• roulette.

It is advisable to first sketch out a simple sketch with dimensions in order to correctly cut and prepare the parts for assembly. The central beam of the trestles can be either just a thick board or a structure of three boards like a channel, to which the legs are sewn at an angle.

For greater rigidity, the legs can be pulled together with crossbars, and jibs can be nailed at the ends. The length of the deck depends on how large the work area needs to be. But you should not make the flooring too long, otherwise you will have to install another trestle in the center.

Envelope type scaffolding

This is a structure that is attached directly to the wall.

• The main structural part of such scaffolding is triangular support platforms made of 50 mm thick boards. They are L-shaped brackets, trimmed on the sides with board (25*100 mm). The size of one shelf of such a bracket usually does not exceed 400 mm. This is due to the fact that the shelf is a support for the working floor. A smaller size may lead to a lack of space on the scaffolding, and a larger size may lead to the structure being torn away from the wall and, as a result, injury to people working on the scaffolding.
• The brackets are attached to the wall at the height where the working flooring is planned to be installed. They are usually secured with nails, pressing the vertical arm of the bracket against the wall.
• Additionally, the brackets are supported by long support boards with a cross-section of 100*50 mm, installed at an angle and resting on the ground. For better traction with the ground, the lower ends of the supports are pointed.

The wood for making envelopes must be of high quality; this ensures sufficient reliability of the structure.

Wooden scaffolding

Most often, in the low-rise sector, wooden scaffolding is used, consisting of a system of supports and flooring. They serve both to raise workers to required height, and for placement on them building materials and tool.
Forests can be of considerable height and multi-tiered. There are some General requirements, which apply to all scaffolding and scaffolding:

• They must be reliable. Their strength margin should allow them to easily withstand the weight of materials and workers placed on them.
• The design must be economical, but not at the expense of reliability.
• The design of the scaffolding should be simple and convenient not only for operation, but also for assembly and disassembly.
• It is desirable that the material of scaffolding and scaffolding can be reused after construction is completed.

The simplest scaffolding design consists of the following elements:

• Support posts – vertical supports, which can be made of high-quality edged boards(100*50 mm) or timber (100*100 mm). It is important that the boards and beams are intact, without rot, cracks or insect damage. If necessary, the racks can be spliced ​​along the length. The elements are connected end-to-end and fixed with side plates.
• Cross members – they are the ones who, taking the load from the working floor, transfer it to the racks. The same requirements apply to the material of the crossbars as for the racks. They must be a single element. If splicing is necessary, it is done with additional support.
• Braces – connect the racks diagonally. They can be made from slats or even slabs.
• Flooring – ladders laid on crossbars. They are the main working surface.

Edged or unedged boards can be used. The top of the flooring can be covered with sheet material. To prevent materials and tools from falling from the deck, a side board is sewn along its outer part. To make the structure more stable, it can be supported by slopes made from boards 25–30 mm thick.

Rules for scaffolding

To build scaffolding you will need the following tools:

• saw;
• level;
• hammer.

When constructing wooden scaffolding, the following rules must be observed:

• Before installing the scaffolding, it is necessary to level and compact the base. , then to support the racks you need to do wooden platforms.
• The pitch of the racks can be 1 - 2 m.
• Each structural unit must have at least three attachment points.
• It is better to use large self-tapping screws as fasteners. If nails are used for this, then they must be bent on the reverse side.
• WITH inside It is necessary to install handrails on the racks - this will prevent workers from falling from the scaffolding.
• For ease of work, the width of the flooring between the racks should be from 50 to 100 cm.

Work order

Scaffolding is assembled in the following sequence:

1. First, the racks are fastened together using diagonal ties. For reliability, you can use not only nails and screws, but also corners.
2. Then the crossbar elements are attached at the required height.
3. Horizontal flooring boards are fixed to them.
4. The railings are sewn on.
5. If it is necessary to give the structure additional stability, slopes are installed.
6. To climb the scaffolding, it is necessary to secure it to the side of the scaffolding, although you can also use ladders.

For greater reliability, using additional wooden elements, scaffolding can be connected to the wall of the house.

If in own strength and you are afraid that difficulties may arise when assembling homemade scaffolding, then you can choose the option of renting prefabricated scaffolding.

From this article you will learn how to properly assemble wooden scaffolding with your own hands - step-by-step instructions have been prepared for you.

Scaffolding - temporary or permanent system supports and ladders, which is used for lifting and working at heights. They are subject to increased requirements for strength, stability and safety, since working at a height of more than 1.5 m is hazardous.

Regardless of the material and design principle, the following general requirements apply to scaffolding:

1. Reliability. The system of elements must be able to withstand the weight of workers and material in motion.
2. Manufacturability. Implies ease of assembly/disassembly of the entire structure. This job should be handled by a handyman or entry-level specialist.
3. Economy. The design must contain an acceptable minimum of elements, but at the same time be stable and reliable.
4. Utility. For inventory scaffolding - the ability to reuse the structure and individual elements as much as possible. For wooden ones, it is possible to reuse the material after disassembly for other purposes without significant loss of quality.

Inventory scaffolding is a professional and expensive product. It is not profitable to purchase them for home use; only renting them is possible. large volume works (for example, with the facade of a house). As a rule, in private construction it is customary to erect conditionally disposable scaffolding that exactly matches the structure of the building.

Standard wooden scaffolding

The design of these scaffoldings came to us from the Middle Ages. The principle of forming the frame and connecting parts has not changed since then. Only the fasteners themselves have improved. They deserve special attention.

Basic elements of wooden scaffolding

1 - racks; 2 - transverse; 3 - flooring; 4 - braces; 5 - stabilizing slopes

Racks. Vertical supports made of edged boards good quality. They take the normal (according to the gravity vector) load from the entire structure and transfer it to the base (soil). Requirements for racks:

1. Edged boards of the 1st grade of any species.
2. The thickness of the board is at least 30 mm, the width is at least 100 mm.
3. Mechanical integrity of each individual element. The board should not be burst, broken, rotten, crooked, of variable cross-section, with excess wane or holes.
4. The board should not be affected by insects.

Particular attention must be paid to the vertical splice of the racks. The elements must be connected end-to-end, not overlay, and clamped on both sides.

Cross members. They take the load from the flooring and transfer it to the racks. The requirements for them are similar to those for racks. One additional requirement: the use of spliced ​​cross members without additional support is unacceptable.

Flooring. Cross ladders that transfer the load from people and materials to the cross members. Can be made from edged or unedged boards, and also be combined - guides from the board, on top sheet material. Continuous flooring and a run-up are allowed.

Braces. Diagonal braces connecting the posts different rows. The use of slats and slabs is allowed. It is advisable to install braces maximum length to link greatest number racks

Slopes. Diagonal stops that support the structure to prevent deviation from the wall. Usually a 25 mm board is used.

Rules for the construction of wooden scaffolding

There is a set general rules, following which you can assemble a reliable and safe design. These rules are derived from safety requirements and the work experience of high-altitude masters:

1. The foundation must be reliable. If there is loose earth or sand under your feet, make wooden platforms to support the racks.
2. The width of the passage between the racks is at least 500 mm.
3. For each node there are at least 3 attachment points. For multi-point fastening - a step of 50–70 mm in a checkerboard pattern.
4. Use powerful screws (at least 4.2 mm). In case of assembly on nails (100 mm), bend them from the reverse side.
5. Always install handrails on the inside of the rack.
6. Use a fascia board (fencing near the deck).
7. The racks at the junction must be trimmed.
8. The pitch of the racks is from 1 to 2 m, minimum thickness flooring 25 mm.

Scaffolding assembly

For creating wooden structure scaffolding you will need a minimum of tools: a saw, a hammer with nails and a tape measure.

Operating procedure:

1. The length of the working space should be divided by the optimal pitch (1.5 m) and the number of racks should be obtained.
2. We assemble an “envelope” - a frame of racks and crossbars. To do this, lay out two boards in parallel and measure the height of the tier. We sew them together in this place with a crossbar.

Attention! The angle between the post and the cross member should be 90°. Distortions can deform the frame under load.

1. We sew the frame with a brace.
2. We prepare required amount"envelopes".
3. Install two “envelopes” vertically, in the design position. Sew them with a diagonal at maximum height so that they stand without support.
4. Set the number of envelopes according to the length of the flooring board so that its edges fall on the crossbars.
5. Place the flooring board onto the crossbars and secure. Strengthen the bracing with braces.
6. Secure the decking on top with self-tapping screws or nails.
7. Install the remaining “envelopes” and flooring in the same way.

Attention! Never, under any circumstances, splice decking between supports! The joint of boards or sheets of flooring must be on the crossbar!

1. Install the handrail and front board.
2. If possible, tie the structure to the wall.
3. If the height is more than 2 tiers and it is necessary to build up the racks, you should first install the slopes. To do this, you need to tie the racks at the bottom with a horizontal board of maximum length. Then tie the edge of this board to the top of the rack - you get a reliable triangular stop.

Scaffolding is carried out in reverse order- dismantling of flooring, crossbars, extended racks, slopes and envelopes. Disassembly must be carried out by qualified and experienced carpenters.

Devices for constructing wooden scaffolding

Steel cross member - bracket

This element significantly simplifies installation, allowing you to quickly change the level of the flooring. Such a device must correspond to the cross-section of the board.

Triangular bracket

Such a bracket can be wooden or steel. Allows you to attach the scaffold directly to the wall. To construct a flooring based on it, a few boards for the ladder are enough. But at the same time, to rearrange it, you have to dismantle it. Installing anything from the bottom up is impossible. Most dangerous look high-rise scaffolding. The work requires special skill and caution.

Bricklayer's express scaffolding

They are created from pallets on which bricks are delivered. As a rule, rafter boards are used for flooring. It does not require sawing of the material, and is quite reliable if you do not make spans of more than 1.5 m.

Bricklayer's scaffolding on video

Whatever type of scaffolding or scaffolding you choose, remember that your life and health are in your hands. Saving one board or 10 minutes of time to strengthen can result in unpleasant and sometimes serious consequences.

Vitaly Dolbinov, rmnt.ru

Also in ancient Egypt when the need for construction arose multi-storey buildings, devices were required with which the builders could rise to the required height and work there. Therefore, the solution to this issue was the creation of such construction equipment as scaffolding.

The name comes from the word “scaffold”, since scaffolding was originally made from wooden beams and boards. But wooden scaffolding was unreliable, so with the passage of time and progress, scaffolding was improved and made from various materials, mainly metals. Improvements to scaffolding have made them more reliable and safer for construction workers working at height. Today, for work on scaffolding, special norms and rules.

Modern scaffolding can wrap around an entire new building or building that is being restored, thereby providing workers with safe work.

This article describes all possible types scaffolding, assembled from various materials and with various types structures; The procedure for assembling scaffolding and tower towers is considered. GOSTs and requirements for structures and assemblies of scaffolding have also been determined.

Wooden scaffolding

Wood is one of the first building materials. It was from wood that the first scaffolding was built in the form of scaffolding. In Asian countries, forests were made from trunks of cut and dried bamboo. However, such forests are inferior in strength to wooden ones.

Today wooden boards also used as scaffolding for finishing works at low altitude, most often within a private house.

Making scaffolding with your own hands from wood

For scaffolding, take half-meter cuttings of boards (fifty) 150x50 mm and pieces of thin boards, for example, 25x100 mm. These board sizes are enough to support the average person and the materials he uses for repair and construction work. Horizontal flooring is formed from thin boards.

For supports or, as they are called, slegs, thicker and longer boards of fifty are taken. Triangles are made from thick boards and serve as supports for the scaffolding. After the supports are sheathed with a thin board.

What size should the support triangle be? It is necessary to take into account that there must be enough space for those standing on them. And, above all, there should be no separation from the walls under the influence of any weight. Therefore, the length of the scaffolding is chosen in the range from 400 to 500 mm.

The supports are attached to the supports under acute angle, for this you need to correctly calculate their length. The upper end is slightly cut at such an angle that it can be inserted inside the triangular supports. The lower end is sharpened for good fixation in the ground.

When scaffolding is placed on an object, the vertical side of the supports comes to the wall. In this case, the nails are not hammered down to the very heads, so that after finishing the work they can be removed.

Then the horizontal flooring is assembled. The board is laid tightly and nailed to the supports (now the nails are driven in all the way).

Then the scaffolding is checked for stability. To avoid loss of balance of wooden scaffolds, they are not raised to a height above 7 meters.

Video - how to make scaffolding with your own hands

Metal scaffolding

One of the most reliable and popular types of scaffolding is scaffolding made from metal pipes. The metal used is steel or aluminum.

Scaffolding There are two types - modular and frame. Types of frame scaffolding include pin scaffolding, flag scaffolding and scaffolding towers. And for modular ones - clamp, wedge, suspended and directly modular, or as they are also called system scaffolding.

All scaffolding is carried out in accordance with GOST 24258-88 and GOST 27321-87. And they are stored in accordance with GOST 15150-69.

Like wood, metal scaffolding requires anchoring to and around the building wall using anchors. If the scaffolding is not secured to anchors, it can be raised to a maximum height of four meters. Moreover, the site on which the scaffolding stands must be perfectly horizontal and not sag. And there must also be a drain for water. Otherwise, the scaffolding will collapse or topple over.

Let's take a closer look at each type of metal scaffolding.

Flag scaffolding.

This type of scaffolding has a standard load of up to 200 kg/m2. They consist of racks for horizontal and diagonal fastening of the side frames. As well as side frames with or without ladders and shoes for support on the ground. The components of the flag scaffolding are made of steel; the dimensions of the scaffolding are specified by the manufacturer or the customer. Such scaffolding is easy to assemble and cheap, so it is one of the most popular and frequently encountered types of scaffolding. Most often they are used for finishing and masonry work on buildings with a straight facade.

There are holes in the structures for fastening elements. The fastener is fixed using a flag. The height of the scaffolding should not exceed 25 m for masonry and 40 m for finishing work.

Flag forests are collected according to the following principle:

• First tier of scaffolding: measure the step between the frames (approximately 3 meters); support boards are placed and shoes are placed on top; frames are inserted into the shoes strictly vertically, which are connected with ties and braces.
• Second tier of scaffolding: frames are installed vertically; secure them with horizontal and diagonal ties; install horizontal ribs.
• Install stairs at an angle and vertically.
• The scaffolding is secured to the building using fasteners in a checkerboard pattern and in increments of up to 4 meters.
• Repeat the assembly in the same way as the assembly of the second tier of subsequent tiers to the desired height.
• End and longitudinal connections are installed that serve as fences.

Scaffolding assembly on video

Pin scaffolding.

Pin scaffolding has the same standard load as flag scaffolding. The scaffolding consists of horizontal elements that are secured by inserting pins into tubes welded to the posts. The lower supports of the racks are inserted into the shoes.

The new tier is assembled in stages; the scaffolding is given rigidity using braces that are installed diagonally. The maximum height to which scaffolding is assembled is 40 m. Such scaffolding is used for masonry work.

Tower tour

This type of scaffolding is the most advantageous for “quick” repairs. Such scaffolding is easy to assemble, easy to move and has the best price.

Tower towers consist of frames with a ladder and a base to which wheels are attached. If the tiers are raised to a height of more than four meters, then standard spacers are attached to the first tier. The towers are attached to the wall of the building with anchors. The maximum height of such towers can reach up to 21 m.

The tower tower is assembled as follows:

• Place the frame with wheels on the platform and extend the supports, having previously placed stands under them.
• The side frames are connected to the base and secured with ties and stiffeners.
• Next, the subsequent tiers are assembled in the same way.
• Flooring, insurance and fencing ties are placed and secured to the upper tier.

Wedge scaffolding

For wedge scaffolding, the standard load reaches 300 kg/m2. This name for the scaffolding comes from the steel wedges, which act as clamps and do not allow self-wedging due to their shape. The wedges are driven in with a hammer. This scaffolding structure is considered more reliable and can withstand greater loads. The height to which wedge scaffolding is raised reaches 40 m. Wedge scaffolding is used in shipbuilding and aircraft manufacturing, they are used as temporary structures.

Clamp scaffolding

U of this type For scaffolding, the standard load reaches 250 kg/m2. These forests are considered one of the very first. Their name comes from the clamps that connect the scaffolding elements.

Such forests are difficult to assemble, but their height is 80 meters. Clamps are either blind or rotary, and are tightened using bolts. Clamp scaffolding provides access to any structure.

When the height of the building, its design and other reasons do not make it possible to install scaffolding, use hanging option. Suspended scaffolding is used during restoration work.

In terms of strength and reliability, these scaffoldings are not inferior to clamp ones. To support this type of scaffolding, the floor of the building is used. Scaffolding is built into consoles located between the floors.

Modular scaffolding

With the help of modular scaffolding, the second name is system scaffolding, you can create a structure of any shape. The scaffolding elements are connected using wedge-disc or cup fastenings. The links and crossbars of these scaffoldings are equipped with a fork-shaped lock, which fits into the disc lock of the support and is locked with a wedge.

The scaffolding crossbar with a cup connection is fastened in this way: in the racks there are steel cups welded at a certain height, into which the T-shaped lock of the crossbar is placed; the lock is fixed on top with a wedge nut.

Modular scaffolding is made of galvanized steel pipes with a diameter of 48 mm. The supports come with a square base, screw and wheeled ones. The maximum height of the scaffolding reaches 60 m, they are attached to the wall with anchors.

Selecting the type of scaffolding

When the question arises about choosing one type of scaffolding or another, you should think about the purposes for which these scaffoldings will be used. The first step is to evaluate the volume of work, the time of completion, whether there are sites for scaffolding, what design the building is, etc.

For finishing and masonry work at low heights, frame scaffolding may be quite suitable, but if the height is significant, then it is better to use pin or clamp scaffolding. You should also consider the load capacity of each type of scaffold.

If the facade of the building is complex geometric shape, has ledges, arches or a dome, then it is best to choose clamp or wedge scaffolding.

When choosing scaffolding, it is also worth considering its cost, which depends on the type of structure, size, load capacity and material. You can save money if you accurately calculate their needs or combine several types of scaffolding.

But most important factor when choosing scaffolding, it is the safety of workers, therefore it is necessary to test the scaffolding for strength before starting work, and require the presence of comfortable stairs and safety sides, and also check the reliability of the fastening points.