I will solve the Unified State Examination History task 18. Unified State Examination in History: we analyze the tasks with the teacher

Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Exam

Line UMK I. L. Andreeva, O. V. Volobueva. History (6-10)

General history

Russian history

Unified State Examination in History: reviewing assignments with the teacher

Sergey Agafonov, co-author , methodologist at the Russian Textbook Corporation*,teacher of the highest category:“In my opinion, half of the success (if not more) in the history and social studies exam depends on the number of thoroughly analyzed standard tasks. Namely the sorted tasks, and not just the completed ones. It is important to include events, processes, phenomena national history into context general history, establishing connections between various social phenomena and processes.”

Evgeniy Mikhailovich Polushin, first category history and social studies teacher, 5 years of teaching experience, graduate of the history department of Moscow State Pedagogical University. IN AND. Lenina, Ph.D.:“The Unified State Examination in History consists of 25 tasks. The answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or words, tasks 20-25 require detailed answers. Let's look at completing these tasks. The apparent simplicity of the first 19 tasks is offset by the lack of answer options, so solid knowledge is required, and you can’t count on luck.”

1. In the first task it is supposed to place in chronological order events related to domestic and world history:

1) Convening of the first Zemsky Sobor

2) Proclamation of Charlemagne as emperor

3) Annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire

Here it would be good to know the dates: 1) - 1549; 2) - 800 g; 3) - 1783 and the problem is solved, but such striking events in history are well remembered, at least in chronological order.

2. In the second task you need to establish a correspondence between events and years. And again, it is necessary to know the dates, at least to imagine the era of the reign of which political figure we are talking about. The events of our history are often correlated with the rulers of the country, why not use this in the exam? The task is complicated by the fact that there are more dates than events, that is, the elimination method will not work here.

The date of the baptism of Rus' is firmly known to any schoolchild who takes the Unified State Exam in history - 988. The decree “on free cultivators” is also textbook - 1803, the abolition of localism is clearly associated with the 17th century - 1682, and the 19th Conference of the CPSU is Gorbachev, hence - 1988

3. The third task involves the exclusion of two abbreviations that do not relate to the period 1945-1953:

1) CPSU; 2) NATO; 3) CMEA; 4) CIS; 5) SNK; 6) UN.

In this case, we will need to know that the Council of People's Commissars (Council of People's Commissars) is the first Soviet government. His existence dates back to more early period, and the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) is popular at the present time, which also does not correspond to the specified period.

4. Write the term in question:

The highest government position in the Novgorod Republic in the XII-XV centuries. he was elected at the veche for one or two years and supervised the activities of all officials, together with the prince he was in charge of issues of administration and court, commanded the army, led the veche meeting and the boyar council.

From the first words, “The highest government position in the Novgorod Republic...” it is clear that we're talking about about the mayor. In addition to the mayor, a thousand was elected in Novgorod; an assistant mayor, he led the city militia. The archbishop was the head of the church, and the prince had only military functions.

5. Establish a correspondence between events and facts:

Couple First World War- Brusilov's breakthrough is obvious. The Battle of Austerlitz and the Anti-French coalitions too. Prince Igor and his famous unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsians are studied in school, in addition to history, in music and literature lessons. The Battle of Klushino is unsuccessful attempt Vasily Shuisky stopped the Polish army, after which he was overthrown by the Seven Boyars, and the Poles occupied Moscow.

6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers:

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

A)“We grant by this personal decree, with our royal and paternal mercy, all who were formerly in the peasantry and under the citizenship of landowners, to be loyal slaves to our own crown, and we reward with the ancient cross and prayer, heads and beards, liberty and freedom and forever Cossacks, without requiring recruitment collections, per capita and other monetary taxes, ownership of lands, forests, hay lands and fishing grounds, and salt lakes without purchase and without quitrent, and we free all those previously committed from the villains of the nobles and city bribe-takers of judges to the peasants and the entire people - imposed taxes and burdens.”

B)“If any of the landowners wishes to release their well-acquired or family peasants, individually or as a whole village, to freedom and at the same time approve for them a plot of land or an entire dacha, then making conditions with them that are recognized by mutual agreement as the best, he has to present them at the request his through the provincial noble leader to the Minister of Internal Affairs for consideration and submission to us; and if a decision follows from us in accordance with his wishes: then these conditions will be presented in the Civil Chamber and will be recorded with the serfs with the payment of legal duties. ... Peasants and villages, released from the landowners under such conditions with the land, if they do not wish to enter other states, can remain on their own lands as farmers and in themselves constitute a special state of free cultivators.”

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This document was published by Alexander 11
2) The execution of this document is made dependent on the will of the landowners
3) A contemporary of the publication of this document was A.D. Menshikov
4) This document was published by Alexander 1
5) According to this document, some duties introduced by Peter 1 are abolished
6) This document was issued by the leader of the popular uprising.

REASONING

The first fragment refers to the manifestos of Emelyan Pugachev. This becomes obvious if you pay attention to the style - it is similar to the imperial manifestos of the 18th century, as well as the content - the promise of the abolition of conscription and the return of the old cross and beards. It was the recruitment kits and the capitation tax that were innovations of Peter I.

The second fragment is an excerpt from the decree “On Free Plowmen” of 1803, which, as is known, allowed landowners to free peasants with land with the consent of the emperor.

Thus, the answer: A - 5.6; B - 2.4

7. Which three of the following events date back to the 18th century:

1) Battle of Borodino
2) Gangut naval battle
3) defense of Shipka
4) the battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
5) Sinop naval battle
6) Battle of Rymnik

Some pretty famous battles are presented here, let's remember them. battle of Borodino- this is the war of 1812, the Gangut naval battle refers to the Northern War of 1700-1721, the Defense of Shipka - episode Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878, the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf refers to the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763, the Sinop naval battle - the Crimean War, 1853, the Battle of Rymnik took place during the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791.

Accordingly to XVIII century include: the Gangut naval battle, the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf and the battle of Rymnik.

8. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a blank, select the number of the required element:

A) Commander of the 62nd Army, which especially distinguished itself in Battle of Stalingrad ___
B) The complete liberation of Leningrad from the enemy blockade occurred in January___
B) September 30, 1941 began___

Missing elements:
1) defense of the Brest Fortress
2) 1943
3) 1944
4) V.I. Chuikov
5) N.F. Vatutin
6) battle for Moscow

The Great Patriotic War in the course of Russian history of the 20th century. Much attention is paid, and significant battles that had a significant impact on the course of the Second World War are especially highlighted. One of them is the Battle of Stalingrad, in which the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. especially distinguished itself. Chuikova.

The Leningrad blockade was lifted during one of the 10 operations of 1944, namely the Leningrad-Novgorod one, while the blockade was broken back in 1943.

On September 30, 1941, of course, the Battle of Moscow began, that is, its defensive stage, and the counteroffensive near Moscow on December 5-6, 1941 became the first major successful offensive operation The Red Army in WWII.

9. Establish a correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and the participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column:

EVENTS (PROCESSES, PHENOMENA)
A) Russian development of Siberia and Far East
B) internecine war in the Moscow Principality
B) Northern War
G) economic reforms 1960s in USSR

PARTICIPANTS
1) Dmitry Shemyaka
2) Ivan 111
3) E.P. Khabarov principality in the second half of the 15th century.
4) A.N. Kosygin
5) G.A. Potemkin
6) B.P. Sheremetev

Russia's development of Siberia and the Far East is associated with the name of E.P. Khabarova. The internecine war in the Principality of Moscow was fought between Vasily the Dark and his brothers Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka. B.P. Sheremetev - commander Northern War. A.N. Kosygin - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

10. Read an excerpt from the Resolution of the Presidium of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and indicate the last name missing three times in the text:

“Awarding___ the Nobel Prize, essentially, for the novel “Doctor Zhivago”, hastily covered up with pompous phrases about its lyrics and prose, actually emphasizes the political side of the unscrupulous game of reactionary circles... Considering the political and moral decline of___, his betrayal in relation to to the Soviet people, to the cause of socialism, peace, progress, paid for by the Nobel Prize in the interests of inciting cold war“The Presidium of the Board of the USSR SP, the Bureau of the Organizing Committee of the RSFSR SP and the Presidium of the Board of the Moscow Branch of the RSFSR SP are depriving ___ of the title of Soviet writer and expelling him from the membership of the USSR SP.”

In this task, the title of the novel will tell you the name of the author. Of course, this is Pasternak.

11. Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each blank, indicated by a letter, select the number of the required element:

Missing elements:
1) formation of the Holy Roman Empire
2) the first convocation of the Estates General in France
3) XIII century.
4) Battle of Kulikovo
5) XVII century
6) the emergence of the Frankish state
7) X century
8) oprichnina
9) the beginning of the compilation of Russian Pravda

The difficulty of this task is that it is necessary to synchronize the events of domestic and foreign history, which is not easy for children.

XI century in the history of Russia is the creation of “Russian Truth”.

The Battle of the Ice or the Battle of Lake Peipus - 1242, which means the 13th century, the baptism of Rus' - 988, i.e. X century, and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 - also X century.

It turns out that in the XIV century. The Battle of Kulikovo took place (1380) and the first convening of the Estates General in France (1302).

12. Read an excerpt from the USSR Constitution:

"Article 1. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics there is a socialist state of the entire people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants and intelligentsia, the working people of all nations and nationalities of the country. Article 2. All power in the USSR belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the Soviets of People's Deputies, which form the political basis of the USSR. All other government bodies are controlled and accountable to the Councils of People's Deputies. Article 3. The organization and activities of the Soviet state are built in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism: the election of all government bodies from top to bottom, accountability to their people, and the binding nature of decisions of higher bodies for lower ones. Democratic centralism combines unified leadership with initiative and creative activity on the ground, with the responsibility of each government body and official for the assigned work. Article 4. The Soviet state, all its bodies operate on the basis of socialist legality, ensure the protection of law and order, the interests of society, the rights and freedoms of citizens. State and public organizations, officials are obliged to comply with the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws. Article 5. The most important issues of state life are submitted for public discussion, and are also put to a popular vote (referendum). Article b. The guiding and guiding force of Soviet society, the core of its political system, state and public organizations is the Communist Party Soviet Union. The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people...”

Using the passage and your knowledge of history, choose three correct statements from the list below:

1) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted during the leadership of the USSR by I.V. Stalin
2) The principle of democratic centralism presupposes that decisions of higher authorities are binding on lower ones
3) Article 5 of this Constitution of the USSR has never been implemented during the entire history of the Soviet Union
4) According to this passage, in the USSR there is Soviet authority
5) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted by the XXV Congress of the CPSU
6) One of the articles of the USSR Constitution presented in the passage was abolished before the collapse of the USSR

In this passage from the Constitution of the USSR there are several “beacons” that you need to pay attention to:

1) mention in Art. 6 about the CPSU as the “guiding and guiding force” of Soviet society. This immediately indicates that we have before us the “Brezhnev” Constitution of 1977.
2) mention of the referendum.

We need to choose the right judgments. 1) - discard immediately, because Brezhnev led. 2) - suitable, because in Art. 3 it is written quite clearly about this. 3) - not suitable, because a referendum on preserving the USSR was held in 1991 4) - definitely fits. 5) - not suitable, because Party congresses did not adopt the Constitution, but only Congresses of Soviets. 6) - suitable, because 6 tbsp. was canceled in 1990, before the collapse of the USSR, which occurred in 1991.

Look at the diagram and complete tasks 13-16:

13. Name Russia’s enemy country in the war to which the diagram is dedicated:

Historical map tasks often cause difficulties. In this case, the map is presented Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 This is clear from the geographical names.

14. What is the name of the commander of the Russian troops in the battle indicated on the diagram by the number “1”:

The number “1” indicates the Battle of Mukden in Manchuria. The Russian troops were commanded by General Kuropatkin.

15. Indicate the name of the battle, the area of which is shaded and indicated on the diagram with the number “2”:

The number “2” indicates the Tsushima naval battle.

16. Which judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six proposed. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table:

1) The city indicated on the diagram by the number “3” was not surrendered to the enemy
2) The Russian squadron in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number “2”, was commanded by Z.P. Rozhestvensky
3) A peace treaty following the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, was signed in the American city of Portsmouth
4) One of the defenders of the city, indicated on the diagram by the number “3”, was R.I. Kondratenko
5) As a result of the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, Russia lost the city of Vladivostok
6) In the battle indicated on the diagram by the number “1”, Russian troops won.

Here again we choose the right judgments. The number 3 denotes the fortress city of Port Arthur; it was surrendered to the enemy by General Stoessel in 1904. Accordingly, 1) is not suitable. 2) - suitable, because The Russian squadron was commanded by Rozhestvensky. 3) - suitable, because The peace treaty was actually signed in the American Portsmouth. 4) - suitable, because Kondratenko is the hero of the defense of Port Arthur. 5) - does not fit, Russia did not lose Vladivostok. 6) - does not fit, near Mukden the Russian army was most likely defeated, and Mukden was captured by the Japanese.

17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column:

CULTURAL MONUMENTS
A) “The Tale of Bygone Years”
B) Tsar Cannon
B) painting “Boyarina Morozova”
D) sculpture “Worker and Collective Farm Woman”

CHARACTERISTICS
1) the cultural monument was created in the 16th century.
2) the cultural monument was created in the 17th century. author - I.E. Repin
4) author - V.I. Mukhina
5) author-monk of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery Nestor
6) author - V.I. Surikov

“The Tale of Bygone Years,” according to the generally accepted version, belongs to the pen of the monk Nestor. The Tsar Cannon was cast by master Chokhov in the 16th century. The painting “Boyaryna Morozova” was painted by V.I. Surikov. The sculpture “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” was created by V.I. Mukhina.

18. Which judgments about this coin are correct? Choose two judgments from the five proposed:

1) This coin was released after the Cuban missile crisis
2) The monument depicted on the coin was erected in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad
3) By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the number of ribbons on the coat of arms of the USSR depicted on the coin had decreased
4) The war, to which the coin is dedicated to the anniversary of the victory, began in the first ten days of June
5) The monument depicted on the coin was created according to the design of sculptor V.I. Mukhina.

The anniversary coin depicts the sculpture “The Motherland Calls.” It was created in 1967 according to the design of the sculptor Vuchetich. Again we choose the right judgments. 1) - true, the Cuban Missile Crisis took place in 1962. 2) - true, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad and installed in Volgograd. You can stop here; the condition required you to choose two correct judgments. 3) - incorrect, the number of tapes has not changed since 1956. 4) - not true, the Second World War began on June 22, and this is the third decade. 5) - not true, Vuchetich.

19. Indicate photographs showing buildings whose construction was completed during the same period when this coin was issued (during the leadership of the USSR by the same statesman):

First, we need to remember who led the USSR in 1967, at the time of the opening of the monument “The Motherland Calls!” In Volgograd. This is L.I. Brezhnev (1964-1982). This means that the building numbered 2) is suitable - the House of the Soviets, built in the late 1970s, and 3) is a book house on Novy Arbat, built under Brezhnev.

TASKS 20-25

From the emperor's manifesto

“Immortal glory, wise Monarch, Dear Sovereign, Our Grandfather, Peter the Great, All-Russian Emperor, what burden and great labors he was forced to endure solely for the well-being and benefit of His fatherland, raising Russia to a perfect knowledge of both military, civil, and political affairs , not only the whole of Europe; but most of the world is not a false witness. But how to restore this it was necessary, first of all... to accustom the noble nobility and show how great the advantages of the proclaimed powers are in the well-being of the human race against countless peoples immersed in the depths of ignorance; Therefore, at that time, the very extreme insisted on the Russian nobility, showing its excellent signs of favor to them, ordered them to enter the military and civil services, and, moreover, to train noble youth not only in various liberal sciences, but also in many useful arts...
The aforementioned establishment, although at the beginning it was somewhat associated with coercion, but was very useful, was followed by everyone who owned the Russian Throne since the time of Peter the Great, and especially by Our Dear Aunt, of blessed memory, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, imitating the deeds of the Sovereign, Her Parent, knowledge political affairs and various sciences spread and multiplied... We see with our pleasure, and every true son of his fatherland must admit, that countless benefits have followed from this, rudeness has been destroyed in those who are careless about the common good, ignorance has changed into common sense, useful knowledge and diligence in service has multiplied skilled and brave generals in military affairs, in civil and political affairs it has placed knowledgeable and fit for duty people, in a word, to conclude, noble thoughts have rooted in the hearts of all true Russian patriots boundless loyalty and love for Us, great zeal and excellent There is zeal for Our service, and therefore We do not find the need for compulsion to serve, which was necessary until now...

1) All nobles who are in Our various services can continue this for as long as they wish...”

20. Indicate the year in which this manifesto was published. Identify the emperor who issued this manifesto. Please provide a name for this manifest:

At the very beginning of the document it is stated that this is a manifesto. The text of the document speaks of the exemption of nobles from compulsory service established by Peter I. Accordingly, this is the Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility from 1762, and its author is Peter III.

21. What, according to the author of the manifesto, is the reason that forced Peter I to oblige the nobles to serve and study? What does the author of the manifesto see as the merit of Elizaveta Petrovna? How does the author explain the reason for the decision expressed in the last sentence of this passage?

This task can be completed based solely on the text of the document. 1) The reason was the need to have an educated nobility to serve for the benefit of the fatherland. 2) Elizaveta Petrovna “disseminated and multiplied various sciences” (founded Moscow University, for example). 3) The reason is that the nobility became educated and diligent in service. Which means there is no need to force him to do it.

22. Indicate any three measures that are not mentioned in this manifesto, taken by the author of the manifesto during his reign:

Peter III did not rule for long, about six months, and was killed by the guards conspirators who elevated Catherine II to the throne, but he managed to do something. Firstly, he abolished the persecution of the Old Believers (Pugachev promised the old faith, posing as Peter III); secondly, he began the secularization of church lands, which was then continued by Catherine II; thirdly, he brought Russia out of the Seven Years' War by concluding an alliance with Prussia, which, in many ways, brought the wrath of the guard upon him.

23. In 1990, a program was developed for the USSR's transition to market economy, which was called “500 days”. Indicate any two areas of economic reform that were planned to be implemented as part of the implementation of this program. Indicate the reason for the rejection of this program by the President of the USSR:

The “500 days” program assumed a transition to a market economy, for which it was necessary: 1) privatize state property and 2) abolish centralized management of the economy, i.e. planning. Gorbachev rejected this program, fearing social unrest.

24. IN historical science There are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view existing in historical science:

“The political activity of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich was successful”

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can be used to support this point view, and two arguments that can be used to refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.

REASONING

Arguments in support:

1) Svyatoslav defeated his neighbor Kievan Rus- Khazar Khaganate, to which the Slavs once even paid tribute.

2) He installed non-leaders as rulers of individual lands tribal unions, as it was before, but their sons, which reduced the risk of separatism.

Arguments to refute:

1) Svyatoslav spent a lot of time on campaigns, leaving Kyiv squads without cover, which the Pechenegs took advantage of more than once.

2) Svyatoslav was defeated by the Byzantine army, concluding a peace that was not particularly beneficial for Rus', and was killed by the Pechenegs while returning home from this campaign.

25. You need to write a historical essay about one of the periods of Russian history:

1) 912-945; 2) December 1812 - December 1825; 3) March 1921 - October 1928. The essay must:

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, history teacher:“I decided to take the period from December 1812 to December 1825. This is the time from the expulsion of the French from Russian territory during Patriotic War 1812 before the Decembrist uprising. In this eventful historical period, in my opinion, two stand out in particular - the creation of the Holy Alliance in 1815 and the Decembrist uprising of 1825.

The initiator of the creation of the Holy Alliance was the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who from his youth dreamed of an international arbitration court, necessary to prevent military conflicts. The Holy Alliance was formed after the Napoleonic Wars in order to preserve the European order that was established after the victory of the anti-French coalition over Napoleonic France and to prevent revolutions.

This union, originally founded by Russia, Prussia and Austria, gradually included almost all European monarchs. But the existence of the Holy Alliance did not bring the fruits that Alexander I had hoped for. Russia, faithful to the ideals of the Holy Alliance, suppressed Polish uprising 1830-1831 and even sent Russian troops to suppress the revolution in Austria-Hungary. This activity of Russia frightened some European countries and made it possible to suspect our country of having plans for expansion, for example, in the Balkans, which later had an impact during Crimean War, in which Russia had no allies. The lack of allies and international isolation were important reasons for Russia's disappointing defeat in this war.

N. Muravyov is one of the founders of the Northern Society of Decembrists and the author of the “Constitution” - the program of this society. Secret societies arose among Russian officers after the foreign campaign of the Russian army. In Europe they became acquainted with the way of life and methods government controlled, which were very different from Russian realities. The officers dreamed of realizing the absence of serfdom and the relative economic well-being of peasants in Russia. In the way of this, in their opinion, stood the autocratic government, firmly standing guard over serfdom and administrative tyranny. Although until the end of the 1810s, its young officers hoped for the goodwill of the emperor and dreamed of helping the authorities in reforming the country. Convinced that Alexander had lost interest in reforms, the conspirators headed for an armed uprising. The Northern Society, created by N. Muravyov, represented the moderate wing of the conspirators, which proposed the preservation of the monarchy provided that it became constitutional. The Decembrist uprising, as they later became known, took place on December 14, 1825 and was brutally suppressed by troops loyal to the government. The Decembrists had a huge impact on the further history of our country, stirring up the thinking part of society, becoming an example of selfless service to the idea of the well-being of the country. Although there is another opinion, formulated by P. Chaadaev. He did not approve of the Decembrist uprising. He considered it senseless and even harmful, frightening and embittering the authorities, and making liberal reforms impossible in the foreseeable future. In many ways he was right.”

*Since May 2017, the united publishing group "DROFA-VENTANA" has been part of the Russian Textbook corporation. The corporation also includes the Astrel publishing house and the LECTA digital educational platform. General Director appointed Alexander Brychkin, graduate of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, candidate of economic sciences, head of innovative projects of the publishing house "DROFA" in the field of digital education ( electronic forms textbooks, Russian Electronic School, digital educational platform LECTA). Before joining the DROFA publishing house, he held the position of vice president for strategic development and investments of the publishing holding EKSMO-AST.

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History is an elective exam in 2018. Preparation for the Unified State Examination in history, like preparation for other exams, first of all requires responsibility, organization, and proper distribution of time and effort.

Start preparing for the exam as early as 10th grade. In order to have a good knowledge base for the exam in two years.

Changes in KIM Unified State Examination 2019 in history:

There are no changes in the structure and content of the CMM.
Added to task 21 additional condition, defining the requirement for the response format. Accordingly, the assessment criteria for task 21 have been supplemented.

Where to start preparing for history?

1. Theory. To study the theory, use additional literature in printed and in electronic format, documentary cinematography, materials on web resources. On our web resource in the “Tasks” section we have collected over 10 standard tasks developed by teachers, based on demo versions from FIPI(official project) of previous years.

For each task, it is written what you need to know to complete it. will guide you on what topics you need to study for each assignment.

How to remember all this?

The abundance of dates, titles, names, events is a feature of history. But how can you remember everything and not lose it before the end of the exam?

Exists row effective ways lay out everything necessary information"on the shelves":

Draw an analogy, visualize, draw diagrams.
Work through topics only in chronological order.
Make a plan to answer each of them.
Study online - on our website you will find the necessary tasks.

2. Solution training tasks different types Gives you great experience and self-confidence. Decide online tests with answers based on the theory you read, this will help you master and consolidate the topic.

3. Practice writing an essay. Hone your craft and writing skills. There are three periods from Russian history to choose from.

Mini-essay requirements:

Specify at least two processes that relate to the selected date;
People who influenced or participated in events, processes or phenomena should be mentioned;
It is necessary to mention cause and effect relationships;
Use historical terminology in your essay;
It is forbidden to make mistakes in the facts.

A historical essay must be coherent, with correct logical conclusions.

4. Manage your exam time correctly.
The time required to complete the examination paper in history is 3 hours 55 minutes(235 minutes).

The examination paper consists of two parts:

1 part– 19 tasks with a short answer (word, phrase, date, name and surname of a historical figure);
part 2– 6 tasks with a detailed answer (analysis of a problem, a fragment of a historical document, assessment of an event, expression of a point of view).

The approximate completion time for individual tasks is:

for each task of part 1 – 3–7 minutes;
for each task of part 2 (except for task 25) – 5–20 minutes;
for a task 25 – 40–80 minutes.

Points for each history task

The minimum passing score is 32.
The maximum you can score on the Unified State Examination in History is 55.

1 point - for tasks 1, 4, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19.
2 points - 2, 3, 5-9, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22.
3 points - 11, 23.
4 points - 24.
11 points - 25.

System for assessing the performance of individual tasks and work as a whole

A task with a short answer is considered completed correctly if the sequence of numbers and the required word (phrase) are correctly indicated.

The complete correct answer to tasks 1, 4, 10, 13–15, 18,19 is assessed 1 point; incomplete, incorrect answer or lack thereof – 0 points.

The complete correct answer to tasks 2, 3, 5–9, 12, 16, 17 is scored 2 points; if one error is made (including one of the digits missing or one extra digit) – 1 point; if two or more errors are made (including two or more digits missing or two or more extra digits) or the answer is missing – 0 points.

A complete correct answer to task 11 is worth 3 points; if one mistake is made - 2 points; if two or three mistakes are made - 1 point; if four or more errors are made or there is no answer - 0 points.

Part 2 tasks are graded depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer. For completing tasks 20, 21, 22 you are given from 0 to 2 points; for task 23 – from 0 to 3 points; for task 24 – from 0 to 4 points; for task 25 – from 0 to 11 points. Task 25 is graded at .

Remember the time, the plan, and then you will certainly be able to pass the Unified State Exam in history.

Happy preparation!

Historical and cultural standard in high school Every year it places more and more demands and criteria on those taking the Unified State Examination in history. So, since 2016, in addition to traditional tasks 18 and 19, which require visual knowledge of the main monuments of history and culture (or other illustrative materials that carry certain information about a particular period of history), task 17 was finally introduced in the KIM Unified State Examination. proposing to establish a correspondence between a historical and cultural monument and information about it.

Unfortunately, in the modern Russian school today, familiarization with the necessary illustrative material is very sluggish and ill-considered. There is certainly not enough time within the school curriculum to master such a complex set of illustrative materials.

We do not recommend that you wait for weather by the sea and hope for school teacher, a private teacher-tutor or for free during the exam itself. Transform mastery complex material into a little research and immersion in a particular historical era. Probably, it is hardly possible to fully understand and comprehend the activities of Peter I, Ivan Kalita or Joseph Stalin if you have no idea what they looked like, what palaces and cities they lived in. The illustrative material is complex, but without it you are unlikely to be able to feel the “taste” of the era.

Presents you with several rules on how to prepare for tasks 17, 18 and 19 with benefit and pleasure.

Create a personal library on your desktop

History is always mastered by immersion. So you, having become acquainted with the era of antiquity, be sure to create a folder and save as much visual information on the era as possible. In this sense, everything will fit: the period has passed Ancient Rus', be sure to save the images of Yaroslav the Wise, the plan of Kyiv and Novgorod. Be sure to find the Russian Millennium Monument, the Church of St. Sophia and the Golden Gate in Kyiv. It would be ideal (especially when you have a year or more to prepare) to have your own folder for each period. And when it comes time to review the material before solving, review the material again.

Read textbooks or websites with a set of illustrations

Don't expect quick memorization. As practice shows, the applicant begins to distinguish the works of artists, architects and sculptors only after 5-6 views of the image with an interval of several days. Train yourself not only to read text in textbooks, but also to remember visual attributes in this text. If you are ready to practice, then you can try.

Start with color illustrations, later get used to black and white

At the Unified State Exam in history, you will be offered a black and white image, but you should not be saddened by the lack of color variety. It's okay, watch in color, practice the tasks, and later get used to the black and white format.

The resource of images is limited, where can I find them all?

FIPI experts are also within a certain framework of KIMs. Therefore, first take up your school books. Textbooks from grades 6 to 9 by A.A. can be especially good helpers. Danilova and L.V. Kosulina. Open, view and search in Google or Yandex for a similar illustration.

By the way, another good helper can be a historical atlas. One of the best is, of course, Bustard. There you will find not only maps for all historical periods, but also suitable illustrative material, of which, by the way, there is a lot.

Create presentations, cards, collages

Your brain remembers things faster when you put skills and knowledge into practice. Make an excellent presentation for your loved one, make a suitable set of cards with the signatures of each temple. Here we advise you to abandon the official, normative Russian language, use slang, jokes, etc. There shouldn't be a routine. Activity must be combined with non-standard presentation.

On the other hand, don’t overdo it; large and vulgar text is unlikely to help you. Originality should also be in moderation.

Practice

Before you begin to understand the culture of Russia and numerous illustrative materials, you will have to solve at least 100 tasks from the Unified State Exam KIMs. Therefore, as soon as you have worked through the period, go solve the tests. Come back in a couple of days and decide again. Check the results and start a new period. This way you will get good at it and will become more confident in working with tasks during the exam itself. We have prepared tests for you.

Good luck!

How to solve USE 18 in history

How to solve task 18 of the Unified State Exam in history? If someone has a question why I don’t analyze tasks with a historical map (tasks 13 - 16), then I answer that the principles of working with a map are discussed in the article. Come in and take a look!

So, task 18 in history Unified State Exam test, in accordance with , is assessed with only one point. Meanwhile, these tasks are not simple at all, or seem so to applicants. This assignment aims to test graduates' ability to navigate the culture of the period, identify events and authorship. At the end of the article I will tell you a mega secret, so read the statue to the end.

In the FIPI report for Last year it is argued that the textbooks contain sufficient illustrative material to become familiar with the illustrations. However, this remark is more true for task 19 than for task 18 of the Unified State Exam in history. We will look at task 19 one of these days, so!

So, how to solve such tasks of the 18th Unified State Exam in history? Here is an example of such a task:

To do this task for USE 18 in history, taken by the way from a real USE test, you don’t have to be Sherlock Holmes. The names of the characters are clearly visible in the image. Do you really need to know Chkalov somehow?! In our city, for example, there is Chkalova Street. If you have a bit of curiosity, you can make inquiries about why the street is called that? :))) I am sure that if you do this using the example of your city, you will have a much better understanding of history.

Therefore, the first recommendation for completing task 18 of the Unified State Exam in history: look carefully at the picture and determine who you know, what it depicts that you know, and try to immediately determine the approximate chronological (time) framework of the event!

So, the picture is about a grand flight. Therefore, answer 1 is not correct: 2000 kilometers is not the distance for such an awesome flight! The flight distance was more than 9 thousand kilometers!

The answer under the second number is also not an option - what navy, if Chkalov was a pilot? This is where my second recommendation for history task 18 comes from - use logic or just use your brains! Ask yourself tricky questions and give them a logical answer.

The following options are correct:

3 - the event to which the stamp is dedicated occurred in the 30s,

1- During the flight to which the stamp is dedicated, its participants covered more than 2 thousand kilometers (the answer has been corrected due to the attentiveness of site users)

Answer number 4 is also not correct, since Chkalov died in 1938, and not from Stalinist repressions, as you probably thought, but during the testing of a new aircraft. However, without knowing this, one can logically think that since the North Pole is depicted on the stamp, it means the flight was connected with it, and how can one fly 9,000 kilometers without running out of fuel in the plane - the answer is no way - it means they stopped at the North anyway pole.

Let's do another task for the 18th Unified State Exam in history, using my three recommendations:

We determine the period: on the one hand, the image is dedicated to the memorable date of the formation of the USSR. We answer the question, including logic:

The answer numbered 1 is incorrect, since the picture actually shows the flags of the republics that were part of the USSR. BUT in 1922 only 4 of them entered!

The answer number 2 is also incorrect - since the coat of arms changed, if only because the number of republics that were part of the USSR changed.

The correct answer is number 3 - Lenin was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, in our opinion this is the chairman of the cabinet of ministers - that is, the chairman of the Government!

The answer number 4 is incorrect - the plans for creating the USSR - you should know!

The correct answer is number 5 - Lenin really died in 1924.

Without knowing the answer number 4 is correct or false, you can determine the correct answers by reading answer five. Knowing that Lenin died “somewhere in the mid-20s,” one can estimate the correct answer. This is far from the only way of reasoning to the correct answers.

It turns out that the correct answers are 3 and 5.

To select them, we used the knowledge of only two facts: the formation of the USSR (1922) and the death of Lenin in 1924, and logic, of course. This is how you need to complete the tasks of the 18th Unified State Exam in history. And at the end of the post, as always, a sweet treat. Task 18 may not contain cultural images. But there may be some kind of military cartoon or postage stamps. In this regard, I highly recommend that you look at these posts: and.

As always, at the end of the post I suggest you solve a few more similar tasks, and don’t forget!

Best regards, Andrey Puchkov