Projects of houses combined of stone and wood: traditions and new technologies. Projects of combined brick and wood houses

Original designs combined houses gaining more and more fans every day. And this is natural. Combination various materials makes it possible to arrange in individual style. The practice of such construction shows that the use of this technology significantly reduces.

original project combined house

The main feature that distinguishes the combined Vacation home from others, is that the first floor is made of more durable materials, and the following floors are made of lighter ones. So, for example, for the foundation of a building they successfully use:

• blocks of various composition, including foam concrete, aerated concrete, wood concrete, poroterm and others;
• house made of natural stone.

For the construction of the top of the building, as a rule, apply:

Another direction in the construction of houses combined type is the use of an alternative finishing of a building, completely built of a homogeneous material, with decorative details. It can be both separate elements and a combined facade. In some cases, the use literally masks the original building material used during installation.

Benefits of combining materials

The construction of combined houses, based on the principle of combining different materials, has obvious benefits.

Origins of combined buildings

The combination of materials in the construction of residential buildings has been used for more than one century, as in European countries, as well as in Russia. It is traditionally believed that this method of construction is based on the chalet style, which came into modernity from the Alpine mountains.

The massive stone foundation of residential buildings in those places was due to necessity, since a house on a mountain slope had to withstand snow and storm flows.

At the same time, living quarters built of wood were protected from the weather. wide awnings roofs, they are considered the main difference. In Russia, wood was also popular mainly among merchants and artisans.

As a rule, the first floors were adapted for shops and workshops, and wooden second the floor was furnished for living. Despite the high cost of construction, this method of erecting buildings was justified, since it was remote from the ground wooden floor was protected from flooding and fire, and, therefore, had a longer service life.

In modern design, combined houses made in the style of a chalet differ not only in the stone base and wide roof canopies, but also.

Respectable brick and wood houses

There are many people who want to realize the project of their own combined brick and wood house. Brickwork has traditionally been considered an indicator of wealth and respectability of the owner.

At combined construction houses and cottages, both silicate and ceramic bricks are successfully used for the construction of the first floor of a combined house. The superstructure of the brick base of the house can be made of any type of wood.

A combined house made of bricks and glued laminated timber is considered a classic option, since it has an attractive appearance, is easy to install and does not shrink, and also has high thermal insulation properties.

An alternative option, of course, is lined with decorative wood paneling, for example, a block house.

It should be noted that the manufacture of a wooden superstructure significantly reduces the cost of construction, since the price of the wooden components of the second floor is significantly lower than the additional brick for customization. However, the technology for arranging such houses allows the construction of the entire building from the main material, and only the facade of the house is decorated with wood details.

In some cases, a combined finish is used, when, together with the decoration of the facade, additional wooden elements, such as , .

Economic projects of houses from foam blocks and wood

For economical developers, projects of houses using block materials will be especially interesting. By virtue of its affordable price and thanks to the simple construction, combined houses made of foam blocks and wood are very popular. And also as a material for the construction of the first floor, blocks of other cellular concrete compositions, in particular, which has characteristics similar to foam concrete.

A house built of blocks and wood has all the advantages of combined buildings, but there are additional advantages:

When carrying out work on the installation of the second floor on a block base, it must be taken into account that pouring a concrete reinforcing belt is a prerequisite for reliable fastening of wooden structures. The frame, consisting of a timber structure, or the timber itself, is already connected to the armored belt with steel anchors. The wooden floor can be made of any type of wood, but the most budgetary solution would be wooden frame With good insulation and trimmed with decorative panels.

Among the completed works on the construction of housing different type a significant place is occupied by combined houses, projects using a combination of building materials with different characteristics, for example, a house made of stone and wood. Why are these structures so popular?

Benefits of combined projects

The correct combination of various building materials used in the construction of building structures allows you to optimally combine the advantages of each of them, minimizing their disadvantages.

For example, a stone is immune to any external influences, including fire. But it is too heavy and large, and a structure built entirely of stone will not withstand any foundation and in some cases it will require reinforcement. But the use of wood for the construction of the upper part of the building will not only reduce it specific gravity, but also provide excellent appearance. In addition, wood will significantly reduce the cost of construction.

Thus, the design and construction of turnkey combined houses is one of the priorities of the Krovmarket company.

Projects of combined houses in Chalet style

Among the housing construction projects that combine various building materials, there are such as:

The architects of the Krovmarket company have developed various design solutions, including housing that combines brick and wood or stone and wood, that is, you can see already finished projects combined houses. Using any of the proposals, you can reduce the cost of building combined houses without losing the quality and aesthetic properties of the structure.

If a potential homeowner has his own idea of ​​how the future home should look like, Krovmarket architects will create individual project combined house. Any building solutions, designed by highly qualified specialists, and using a combination of different building materials, whether small cozy houses or huge mansions, distinguished by functionality and special charm.

If in the process of studying the catalog of projects, you have questions, our specialists will be happy to answer them and give all the necessary advice on the construction and making possible changes to standard projects.

Construction of combined houses

The construction and design of combined houses is one of the priority areas of the company. Working with us, you will get the maximum useful information, advice and recommendations that will help you understand a lot and make the right decision for yourself.

Availability of own production base;
We work without intermediaries! Own production site in the north of the Kirov region (logging, production of lumber and wooden house kits from logs and beams) - a guarantee fair price and prompt solution of all production moments;

Specialized design office
At the request of the customer, we will make any redevelopment and changes to the basic projects or develop an individual one. Our project will take into account all the wishes for the construction of an individual combined house, using modern and efficient construction and finishing materials. Drawings and realistic pictures will be created that will allow you to see your future cottage the way it will turn out after construction is completed;

Big choice finished projects
Projects of combined houses are developed taking into account the requirements and norms of the current legislation of the Russian Federation on low-rise construction and guarantees no problems in obtaining a building permit and commissioning. All processes and consumption of materials have been optimized, which will allow you not to overpay, and builders with high quality and short time complete all steps construction works;

Complete house set
We offer various configurations of combined houses. Construction can be divided into stages, for the convenience of planning financial costs and the possibility of building a turnkey cottage by one organization. As a result, you will receive a house completely ready for living;

Construction in many regions of the country
We carry out the construction of combined houses practically throughout the central (European) part of Russia: Moscow, Leningrad, Tver, Ryazan, Vladimir, Novgorod, Pskov, Nizhny Novgorod, Smolensk and other regions;

Transaction security
We guarantee the security of the transaction: the customer pays the payments under the contract, in stages, upon delivery building material and implementation of the next stage of work, controlling each stage of construction;

Moderate construction prices
We do not build the cheapest combined houses in Russia, we do them honestly! Transparent estimate: The customer always sees what the price of a cottage is formed from, which is indicated in several options for the possibility of choosing the optimal economic solution;

No hidden fees
We fix the price and cost of construction in the contract, and it is unchanged, even if the contract was concluded several months before the start of work. All unforeseen expenses are at our expense!

Experienced Builders
Only experienced and permanent teams of builders. Each stage of work is carried out by highly specialized teams. Technical and design (author's) supervision of each stage of construction;

Extensive work experience
Combined houses have a number of fundamental differences from completely wooden or stone buildings. We know everything possible problems at all stages: design, construction, finishing, commissioning, and do not allow their appearance. We have already built a large number of combined houses and we are always ready to show you our existing facilities or cottages we have already built.

It is not difficult to make a high-quality combined house with your own hands if you follow all the rules recommended by the technology. However, as the experience of home-grown builders suggests, it is better to leave some stages of the process at the mercy of professionals or order the full range of turnkey services. For those who want to dare, below short instruction building houses from different materials.

Combined house manufacturing technology. Stages

So, how to build a combined house with your own hands? Before construction begins, future owners are required to complete several actions to begin the process. Namely:

1. Come to a consensus about the appearance of the object.
2. Order a project and related documentation.
3. Obtain a building permit.
4. Prepare the site - clear the area from vegetation and organize warehouses. Leave material under open sky fraught with damage and theft, especially if the object is not guarded.

If such conditions are not met, the services of the city or village will have the right to independently decide the fate of the new facility. That is, it will be very easy to demolish the building.

• Do-it-yourself construction of a combined house begins with the usual action for all objects - installation of the foundation. The choice is predetermined by the project and, most likely, is a slab or a monolithic tape. Its device is simple - a ditch, depreciation, waterproofing, insulation, reinforcement, pouring.
• After the deadline for shrinkage, the first floor is erected. Since the elements have the correct geometric shapes- brick, blocks - then the laying starts from the corners, using a mooring cord for this.

It is convenient to use it to check for compliance with the level. In addition to the corners, the intersections of the walls are laid. Walls lead from finished elements.

• Classic mortar should be used for masonry only when using bricks. Blocks must be connected special adhesives. Thus, it will be possible to reduce heat loss through the seams.
• Having brought the walls to the desired height, they begin the stages of building a house with their own hands, associated with interfloor ceilings. To do this, grooves for ceiling beams are left on the walls in advance. The ends of wood with a cross section of 150 mm or more are wrapped in several layers with roofing material.

It is necessary to act in such a way that pieces of material lie freely on brick walls. It is undesirable to grind - bitumen will completely clog the wood channels, and decay will happen quickly.

Thus, the first crown crown is protected from dampness. A larch beam is laid on a layer of rubber or roofing material - this is a guarantee that moisture from temperature changes will not get on the wood.

• Further, the construction of a private house with their own hands continues as follows - pre-prepared crowns rise up and are fixed by the appropriate method. For this, dowels are used - wooden clamps similar in shape to the cuttings from a shovel.

They can also be square in cross section, the main thing is that they hardly enter the holes prepared in advance. They are beaten with a mallet. Do not forget about the interventional sealant.

• Sometimes, instead of solid wooden walls, the process is carried out with the installation of a frame and sewing up the resulting sectors with sip panels or other material. In this case, the help of lifting equipment is necessary - such elements are quite heavy for self-laying.
• The rafter system for combined objects differs only in a large number of dressings and reinforcements. Gables can be assembled on the ground and set with shields in certain places. rafter legs should "leave" outside the house, focusing on Lower level the first floor, so that the flowing moisture does not linger on the blind area or basement.
• It is not worth waiting for the shrinkage of the entire structure - the finishing of the first floor can be started immediately. For exterior surfaces, clinker tiles imitating brick can be used as facing. It looks great, especially if unpresentable cinder blocks or similar raw materials were used in construction.

As a result of using imitation as a cladding, do-it-yourself combined chalet-style houses are obtained. There are a lot of directions - country music, Russian hut, Scandinavian motifs.

That's the whole process, described briefly. Any item has many nuances, and it is imperative to study the relevant information on this topic.

Experience from professionals

This section will tell you about common mistakes when building on your own:

1. The materials of the first and second floors must match each other. You cannot use artisanal blocks and heavy logs similar in weight to a monolith. Fortress then stupid to wait.
2. Considering the stone is not subject to moisture, the home-grown builder is severely mistaken. Everyone knows that water wears even cobblestones, so it is worth protecting it from the penetration and accumulation of fumes or precipitation. If the owners want to leave the original beauty, you should apply the appropriate composition to the building materials.
3. If it is decided to clad the first floor with bricks and not tiles, then a foundation is made separately for it, purchased reinforced mesh and special fixtures. Otherwise, the masonry will simply blow away.
4. Window and doorways of the second floor are cut out after the shrinkage of the wood, unlike the first, where they are taken into account by the project. If you make them right away, then after a while, the double-glazed windows will simply crush, despite the compensation gap - the shrinkage peak occurs in the first year of the box's existence. It is worth to withstand this period, than then spent on new frames.

These are not all the nuances of objects of this type. Building a combined house with your own hands will give invaluable experience to home-grown craftsmen - it will teach you how to handle two types of raw materials at once. If the owners are frightened by the stages of construction, then the activities of professionals are always at their service.

The pots are not fired by the gods. Once upon a time in Russia it was considered commonplace to build a house for one's own family. Now, with all the variety of materials and technologies, it is a sin not to use the knowledge gleaned from various sources, including this article.

The first floor of the combined houses is made of stone, and the second is made of wood. The combination of stone bottom and wooden top in one building, divides the functions between stone and wood in such a way as to take advantage of the advantages of these building materials and, if possible, bypass or weaken their shortcomings, that is, with one blow “we kill two birds with one stone”.

What is the point?

Building stone, whether ceramic brick or gas silicate, strong, durable, does not rot, is not so afraid of moisture, like wood, is fireproof. Stone buildings evoke a sense of solidity and reliability. On the first (stone) floor of a combined house, all potentially fire-hazardous premises, one way or another connected with fire, are usually concentrated: a fireplace room, a kitchen, a boiler room, a sauna.

At the same time, we are tired of the stone in the city, in stone rooms there is often a lack of comfort -
does not warm our souls. In combined houses, living quarters are located on the second floor, built of wood. It is easier to breathe in them - and this is not an allegory or an illusion: natural wood, as you know, is sensitive to fluctuations in humidity, absorbing and releasing excess or missing moisture - as they say, "breathes" - and maintains an ideal room for human body microclimate. In a wooden volume, a different, more personal and emotional perception of a dwelling arises than in a typical cell of a typical urban high-rise building. At the same time, a tree raised to the height of the second floor and separated from the moist soil by three meters of masonry does not suffer from water, does not rot or mold, remaining much longer than in ordinary wooden buildings. And the wide overhangs of the roof, characteristic of of this type buildings, protect wood from rain and direct sunlight.

A quite natural and already familiar division arises: below - public areas and technical premises, above - housing.

A bit of history

The combined floor is a very beautiful and time-tested type of building. Such buildings were erected in the dark times of the Middle Ages in the Alps, in the disputed province of Savoy, which alternately belonged to France and Italy. These were, of course, not villas and palaces, but shepherd's huts - simple and durable. Made of massive timber and natural stone, they served reliable protection for people and livestock from bad weather, so frequent and sudden in the mountains. The buildings were erected from various improvised building materials - stone and wood, lime was used as a whitewash. High ground floor has always been stone. This was dictated by the peculiarities of the local climate and geology - heavy snowfalls and the proximity of the rock that served as a natural foundation. The sloping roof resisted strong winds (sometimes shingles or shingles were pressed on top with cobblestones so that the roof would not be blown away by the wind), and its large overhangs covered the walls from slanting rain. It is curious that they usually tried to orient the shepherd's dwellings along the cardinal points, facing - that is, the most beautiful main facade - turning to the east.

This is how the now popular chalet style was born, which is so common in the architecture of combined cottages.

But not only Alpine shepherds have learned to combine stone and wood. In Russia, from ancient times, log huts were also erected on a high stone cage, which served as a pantry for some, and for others as a trading shop. Here, among dense forests, where the stone is not natural material like in the mountains two-storey houses with a stone bottom, only relatively wealthy people could afford, most often practical merchants. And we, building combined houses for ourselves, thereby continue the centuries-old merchant tradition.

Gradually alpine chalet they looked less and less like squalid huts, acquiring a more residential and comfortable look, turning into permanent shepherd's dwellings. More and more attention was paid to convenience, warmth and comfort. Now in such a chalet it was possible to wait out not only a protracted bad weather, but also to live in a large shepherd or peasant family. Enhanced by harsh mountain nature and centuries of folk art, traditional chalet houses have survived to this day. And now the most common architectural style of combined houses is ennobled and modern style chalet.

The interiors of the chalet traditionally gravitate towards the “country” style, playing with the proximity of stone and wood. What is characteristic of this style? Mainly use natural materials: stone, wood, lime plaster, woven draperies. The walls of the first floor are most often limestone. Almost always, the interior is decorated with protruding wooden ceiling beams; often they are painted in contrasting dark color and decorated with carvings. In attic residential interiors, they like to use aged wood, dark, in a web of microscopic cracks. A large fireplace is practically obligatory, near which the whole family can gather on dark winter evenings. All this creates an atmosphere of comfort, warmth, security, peace, good traditions with a touch of some patriarchy - the atmosphere of the House with a capital letter.

What materials and how to build a combined house?

Modern building technology present wide selection options, how and from what to build
according to the budget.

The stone ground floor can be made of bricks, gas silicate or porous ceramic blocks. Brick in accordance with modern requirements of heat engineering, it is desirable to insulate. To do this, there are proven technologies - a "ventilated facade", without which not a single city building can do today, and " wet facade”, when a special plaster is applied to the insulation layer. Thickness brickwork in this case, it can be made minimal, as long as it corresponds to the necessary strength characteristics of a residential cottage.

Walls made of gas silicate or porous ceramics do not need to be insulated - the house will turn out to be warm without that. They are usually plastered on the outside; in this case, special plaster compositions for gas silicate with good vapor permeability should be used.

Log, beam or frame?

The choice of specific material and technology for the construction of the second floor of a combined house is even wider. The residential floor can be erected from round logs, profiled or glued beams, ordinary unplaned beams, insulated from the outside using the “ventilated facade” method, or made into a frame.

Rounding and glued beams are the most traditional options that are suitable for those who simply love wood, its beauty, warmth, texture, smell.

In fact, a low log cabin is being cut on a high stone plinth under a sloping roof - that's all the features.

Insulated timber - the most, perhaps, modern version, corresponding to the norms for heat in a residential building. outdoor decorative trim The facade can be anything from imitation of prestigious glued beams to reproduction of the traditional look of authentic Alpine chalets.

When considering the construction of a combined house, do not forget that, due to its stone foundation, the house will be very heavy, which will most likely require the construction of a fully buried strip foundation or reinforced concrete slab of considerable thickness. Be that as it may, the design and calculation of the foundation must be done competently and responsibly.

The frame also allows you to give the attic any appearance. But in this case, the environment may suffer: not living wood, but synthetic wood is in contact with living quarters. vapor barrier film. However, an interesting modern version of the construction frame attic- half-timbered technology with a large glazing area. Energy-saving double-glazed windows comply with heat standards, and the appearance is both strictly traditional and completely unusual. We can say that the panoramic glazing of the facades of the attic is very suitable for a modern combined house.

The construction of combined houses meets modern trends. People are trying to make their housing reliable, durable and environmentally friendly. Buildings made of stone and wood fully meet these requirements. They are very practical and are becoming increasingly popular among private developers. What you need to know before drawing up a project, what are the pros and cons of houses of this type, experts say.

Combined houses: what is it

This type of building is not know-how. Back in the days Kievan Rus noticed that such houses are durable, light, resist fire more and better protect heat. With the development of technology, there are more variations in the combination of materials for combined houses. However, stone and timber remain closest to the ideal.

Two-part houses, as a rule, have 2 floors. The basement level is built of durable stone, which is not afraid of fires, strong wind, precipitation, groundwater and abundant sun. Besides, stone base at home becomes an excellent support for the second floor, which is assembled from wood. The beam helps to increase the energy efficiency of the building, gives comfort, beauty and convenience. It can be of several types, depending on the purpose:

Houses made of stone and wood are warm and reliable

1. Glued. One element consists of many thin glued softwood lamellas.
2. Unprofiled. Ordinary timber, obtained after processing the log at the sawmill. The cheapest option to build.
3. profiled. It has grooves and bulges for reliable fixation and improved thermal insulation at the joints. It has clear set parameters.

Among the projects of composite private dwellings, the style of a chalet is in demand - Swiss shepherd's houses with characteristic very prominent overhangs of cornices. The cottage got its shape for a reason. It allows you to transform Sun rays in thermal energy. The second wooden floor of such a house is attic.

Attention! Other options for combination with wood: concrete, foam blocks, expanded clay blocks or reinforced concrete.

Pros and cons of combined houses

The popularity of such cottages is explained by a large preponderance of positive characteristics over negative ones. This type of building is actually quite practical. Its advantages:

• lightweight construction, reduced pressure on the foundation (compared to a conventional stone or brick house);
• the possibility of construction in a place with a close occurrence of groundwater;
• durability;
• the possibility of construction using modern eco-materials that are safe for the environment;
• wide selection design solutions together with high aesthetics;

• profitability;
• higher fire safety (in comparison with buildings only made of wood or modern combustible materials);
• increased protection against moisture;
• the function of the second floor-thermos: in the heat it will be cool there, in the cold - warmer.

Attention! Environmental friendliness of materials is not a fiction. It has been proven that living in a wooden entourage improves sleep, normalizes the condition nervous system and prevents the development of respiratory diseases (if the timber is made of coniferous species).

The disadvantages of two-part houses are not so many:

• wood serves less than stone;
• stone and wood have extremely different physical and technological properties, because of this, after operation in severe frost or heat, difficulties may arise;
• even in combination with a non-combustible neighbor, the timber remains a flammable material.

The stone is not as light as foam blocks or expanded clay building materials. Such a house should be further strengthened from subsidence with a high foundation. Nevertheless, combined housing is an option for those who cannot afford it. two-storey cottage. Also, architects recommend this type of building when, due to a heavy load, the foundation of a 2-story brick or stone house can burst or cause distortion. In fact, the usual foundation for a 1-story house is enough for the building.

The design approach in the arrangement of rooms can be anything, but usually fits into the natural concept. The facade of the house is also usually not additionally veneered - the more natural the texture looks, the better. The stone part can be additionally decorated in a rural or other direction, and the timber can be decorated with carvings.

There are exceptions when, with the help of modern facing materials both floors lead to uniform style design. But in this case, do not forget about different characteristics materials. On one in a few years, the lining will still look good, on the other it will no longer hold.

When drawing up a project, the size of the dwelling does not matter. In the photo you can see cottages that are completely different in size and design. The condition of the soil is also unimportant. The main thing is that the earth should not be a swamp and be able to withstand a one-story stone house.

The construction of such a building takes relatively little time. The main period will be spent on pouring, drying the foundation and raising stone walls. A lightweight wooden level develops much faster: it does not require finishing. At least at first you can live with naked wooden walls while you decorate the lower floor. Even before picking up a spatula or facing panels, conduct communications. They are advised to be located only on the 1st floor.

Attention! The combination in a 2-storey building is quite in demand. combined house premises for business and living. Downstairs, the owners are equipping a commercial space, and upstairs they live by themselves, making a separate exit and communications.

The combination of materials in housing construction opens up wide possibilities for its style design. You can make a house for every taste. In order not to be disappointed with the result, work only with experienced builders.