Grafting of fruit trees and bushes. Non-standard vaccinations

Vaccination: technology, compatibility

The old-fashioned method of grafting for a large harvest

The bark grafting method is used when an adult or old apple tree they want to plant one or more new (more winter-hardy, productive or disease-resistant) varieties.

Then most of the skeletal (main) branches of the tree are cut down at a distance of 70 centimeters to 1 meter from the trunk and branches are grafted onto them. With this grafting method, it is very important to leave two or three skeletal branches unpruned so that they “draw juice” - otherwise the apple tree, weakened by short pruning, will die.

1. To help the wound heal better, clean the cut area on the branch with a garden or grafting knife.

2. Make a vertical cut 4-6 cm long on the bark of the branch. The blade of the knife should reach the wood.

3 Using the back of a knife, slightly separate and spread the bark of the rootstock* so that the grafting cutting enters more easily. (*Rootstock - root system and part of the stem up to the grafting site.)

4. Make an oblique cut on the scion cutting ( optimal length cut - 4 cutting diameters.)

5. Slightly sharpen the lower part of the cutting on the opposite side from the cut- this will make it easier to insert the cutting behind the bark.

6. Insert the cutting of the grafted variety behind the bark of the rootstock (1-2 mm of the scion cut should be above the cut).

7. Tie the grafting sites with twine, plastic wrap or electrical tape (sticky layer facing out). If you use twine, coat the top cuts of the cuttings, the cut surface and longitudinal sections garden varnish to prevent the grafts from drying out.

By the way

When grafting behind the bark, 2-4 cuttings are usually placed on the branch - then the wound (cut) will heal more evenly. After 2-3 years, only one, the most developed one, is left so that the overgrown grafts do not interfere with each other.

"Summer resident. Garden. Vegetable garden"

22.10.15

And once again about vaccinations

Vaccination fruit crops I mastered it a long time ago. This is not only interesting, but also very necessary. Our plot of land is small- only three hundred square meters, but my experience has shown that on small family you need no more than two or three trees, for example apple trees. It is important that the varieties are “ours”, zoned, and are not afraid of severe frosts, thaws and spring frosts. But at the same time, almost every gardener wants to have other varieties in their garden that are somehow more interesting, and this is where grafting comes in handy.

On our site for about 40 years there was an apple tree of the variety Streifling (Autumn striped, Striefel). A wonderful variety for our conditions. The apples are large, beautifully colored, sweet, with a unique candy aroma.

One day, our neighbor asked me to graft a sprig of Streifling onto a fruit-bearing Scarlet Anise tree in their garden, which by that time had just “shot” a top in a place convenient for grafting. I complied with the request and forgot about it for 12-15 years. Well, the grafted bitch grows and grows. Recently, a neighbor in a conversation boasted about the taste of apples from a grafted branch and brought them to me for tasting. In front of me were beautiful, regular-shaped fruits, but not Streifling. You can immediately recognize its apples by their “saucer”; it is shallow or almost absent. And here the “saucer” is deep, of regular shape, the stalk is a little longer, the color of the apples is brighter, and they are different in shape. The taste is more delicate than both parent forms. In a word, Scarlet Anise had a beneficial effect on the grafted twig. Although according to the rules this should not have happened. Now I decided to graft a branch of Streifling from a neighbor’s apple tree onto my own tree. Let's see what happens. The scion has already produced two harvests of several apples each, but the fruits affected by the codling moth fell before they had time to ripen, and the tasting did not take place.

I also decided to start growing a garden tree, onto which more than a dozen varieties would be grafted. So far, only three varieties grow and bear fruit well on one tree: Antonovka, Melba and actually Autumn striped.

V. Meshchanov , amateur gardener, Kazan

(Garden and vegetable garden No. 1, 2010)

Rowan as a rootstock

Common mountain ash, which grows widely in our Kuzbass forests, can serve as a cheap and accessible rootstock for a number of fruit and ornamental crops.

On young rowan trees taken from the forest, you can first graft decorative rowan with a creeping type of crown, rowan Nevezhinskaya , as well as such varietal hybrids of rowan trees as Grenade , Kubastaya etc., and chokeberry, conventionally called chokeberry.

Various varieties of hawthorn and serviceberry can be grafted onto common mountain ash in order to obtain vigorous standard forms of these crops. In this case, the gardener needs to use special methods pruning the resulting plants to form a spherical crown.

Many varieties of domestic pear take root well when grafted onto mountain ash. However, there are frequent cases of low survival rate or its complete absence in certain varieties, leading to graft failures or breaking off at the junction of the scion and the rootstock at the age of three.

Of the cultivated varieties of apple trees, only a few can be grafted onto rowan, those having plum-leaved apple (Chinese) among their parent forms.

As practice shows, the taste of fruits of various cultivated species and varieties does not change when grafted onto rowan.

(Kuznetsk estate, No. 1, 2005)

What a gardener needs to know about grafting

What is every gardener's dream? That's right - so that the harvest is larger and there are fewer problems. So that any variety you like would certainly become “yours,” and the trees in the garden would never grow old. And all this is completely doable if the owner of the garden is on friendly terms with the grafting.

Have you never grafted trees? Don't know how to do this? Are you afraid that you won't succeed? Then this article is for you!

WHAT IS A Vaccination AND WHY IS IT NEEDED?

In gardening, grafting is the transfer of part of one plant to another plant for the purpose of their mutual fusion. The result is a new single organism, where the powerful root system of one “parent” begins to ensure the growth and development of the above-ground part of the second. Moreover, this second one is always a specially selected variety with the necessary qualities and characteristics.

You may ask: what is this for, but it turns out it’s a vaccination fruit trees can solve a lot of different problems in the garden.

The most important thing is to reduce the waiting time for the first harvest. Trees grown from a seed/stone will bear fruit no earlier than in 5-6 years, and generally in 10-15 years. And varieties grafted onto an adult tree or onto a 2-3-year-old seedling can produce crops for 2-3 years.

Grafting will help you quickly get the variety that you like (for example, you saw it with a neighbor, with relatives in another area and “fell in love”). And you don’t have to buy a seedling, looking for this variety in all the nurseries - it’s enough to just get a cutting from your favorite tree.

By grafting different varieties on one tree, you will significantly increase the diversity of fruit crops in your garden, and at the same time save space. On one apple or pear tree, for example, you can have 3-4 different varieties, and on a wild plum tree you can have cherry plum, plum and even apricots growing at the same time!

Grafting makes it possible to quickly replace an unsuccessful (disliked, disliked) variety with a new one with better characteristics.

Grafting will help you obtain valuable but unadapted fruit varieties. Even in mid-latitude conditions, you can reap harvests from tender southern crops if you graft them onto local frost-resistant varieties.

And in addition to all the useful changes in your garden, grafting is also a most exciting activity. You will see: after the very first results, you will be irresistibly “drawn” into this world of grafting man-made miracles.

CHARACTERS AND PERFORMERS

The scion, rootstock and cambium take part in the ritual called “grafting”. There is also a fourth actor- a person, but about him later, but for now only about the main characters.

The scion is part varietal plant, which takes root on another plant. This could be a small fragment of a stem or even one bud. The scion will form top part tree (bush) and “responsible” for its varietal characteristics.

The rootstock is the plant or part of the plant onto which the scion is grafted. The rootstock is the lower part, which will be responsible for nutrition, stability and adaptability to local conditions.

In order not to confuse what is what, remember this:

A scion is a part of a plant that is grafted onto another plant;

the rootstock is under the scion.

And if the scion and rootstock are the main participants in the process, then the cambium is the main performer, it is thanks to it that everything happens.

CAMBIUM

The principle of grafting is based on the ability of a tree to heal (heal) its wounds. Here, all laurels belong to a thin layer of active cells - the cambium, which is located between the wood and the bast.

When grafting, specially made cuts (wounds) on the scion and rootstock are placed on top of each other so that the exposed layers of the cambium are aligned. They press tightly against each other - and provide time for “bonding”.

Both plants begin to actively heal wounds: on both sides, cambium cells, actively multiplying, produce influxes of callus (healing tissue). These oncoming flows grow together and form new conductive tissue. That's the whole secret.

ROOTSTOCK

The rootstock is the basis for future grafting. Through him root system food and water will be supplied, the stability and durability of the tree, its relationship to the soil and even productivity will depend on it. Therefore, the choice of rootstock must be approached with all responsibility.

Rootstock selection criteria:

* Scion compatible

* Frost resistance

* Resistance to excess/lack of moisture

* Maximum adaptability to local conditions

*Strong root system

Rootstocks are divided into:

* Wild and cultivated

* Seed and vegetative

* Vigorous and weak-growing.

Depending on your goals, the rootstock can be a young tree or seedling, wild root shoots, a fruit tree of a variety you don’t like, or a tree that you like, but for some reason is doomed (broken, for example).

You can dig up a wildflower in the forest or grow a rootstock seedling with your own hands. You can even try using a healthy stump from a felled tree as a rootstock.

PRIVY

The scion will form the upper part of the tree (bush), which is responsible for its varietal characteristics. This means that the quality of the fruit and its quantity depend on the scion.

Therefore, for grafting, it is necessary to cut cuttings or buds (shields) from those trees that have already shown themselves “in all their glory” - both in fruits and productivity.

Preparation of cuttings for scion is carried out several times during the year:

* For winter and spring grafting, cuttings must be harvested in the fall, after the end of leaf fall, but before the onset of severe frosts.

* If for some reason the cuttings were not harvested in the fall, then this can be done at the end of winter or in the spring, before the buds swell.

* For summer grafting, cuttings are cut right before the procedure. The main thing here is that the base of the cutting is woody and there are 2 formed buds.

WHAT CAN WE VACCINATE FOR?

The most important condition for high-quality and successful fusion of rootstock and scion is their botanical relationship (in other words, like is grafted onto like).

According to the degree of this relationship they distinguish:

* intraspecific grafting - when, for example, a varietal cherry is grafted onto a wild cherry;

* interspecific grafting - for example, grafting cherry onto sweet cherry, and plum grafting onto cherry plum;

* intergeneric grafting - for example, grafting a pear onto a quince, a plum onto an apricot, and a peach onto a plum.

The easiest way to vaccinate is within a species, but the hardest is to vaccinate between births.

Many years of vaccination experience have revealed the following interdependence:

* For stone fruit trees, the best rootstock is cherry plum. You can also use wild plums.

* Cherries can be grafted onto wild cherries and one of the types of wild bird cherry - Antipka. In the North-Western zone, seedlings of Vladimir, Korostyn and other local varieties and forms are considered successful for cherries. root suckers from them. In the Central region of Russia, clonal rootstocks Izmailovskaya (PN), Moskovia, (P-3), AVCh-2, VP-1, Rubin can be used for cherries.

* Felt cherry can be grafted onto Ussuri plum, cherry plum, blackthorn, and less often - onto apricot.

* For apple trees, the best rootstocks are seedlings of the Antonovka, Anis varieties, as well as varieties resistant to local conditions. Vegetatively propagated and clonal rootstocks are often used, such as A2, MM 106, 5-25-3, 54-118, M9, 62-396 and so on. China or plum-leaved apple tree would also be a good rootstock.

* For pears, the best rootstocks will be forest and Ussuri pears, as well as seedlings of the Tonkovetka, Limonka, Aleksandrovka, Vishnevka varieties, which have good winter hardiness. We must remember that the pear “accepts” only the pear. Although it itself is grafted onto quince, and apple, and chokeberry, and red rowan. And Michurin actually grafted a pear onto a lemon.

* For plums, seedlings of local forms of cherry plum are most often used as rootstocks. You can also use damson seedlings, as well as large-fruited forms of sloe. Vegetatively propagated rootstocks Eurasia 43, SVG-11-19, VVA-1 are also suitable. An excellent rootstock for dwarf plums would be blackthorn, which has the greatest winter hardiness.

* For apricots, the main rootstocks are apricot seedlings. Perch seedlings have also proven themselves well; cherry plum, thorn and sand cherry seedlings are less commonly used. But apricots themselves (like peaches) are rather “unfavorable” rootstocks for all stone fruits.

* For peach, plum, cherry plum, felt cherry, apricot, sloe and almond are suitable as rootstocks (it is worth noting: grafting a peach is a rather painstaking task...)

* Gooseberries can be grafted onto seedlings, root suckers and 1-2 year old golden currant seedlings. Gooseberry varieties grafted onto golden currants will differ increased productivity and drought resistance.

* For rowan, the rootstocks are ordinary rowan seedlings; rowan can also be grafted onto chokeberry and hawthorn.

You can use the compatibility table for scions and rootstocks of different crops.

True, our curious gardeners never tire of experimenting - the facts haunt us that in Bulgaria currants are grafted onto cherries, and a neighbor has both apples and pears on the same tree...

ADVICE FROM EXPERIENCED GARDENERS

* If you have chosen a candidate for a rootstock in the forest, dug it up and brought it to the dacha, then the transplanted tree must be given the opportunity to take root and grow stronger in a new place. In a year or two it will be able to become a rootstock.

* If the tree you have chosen does not grow in the place where you would like to have new variety, you must first replant it and give it 1-2 years to take root. And only then start vaccination.

* If you want to grow a dwarf tree, then do this: for the rootstock of an apple tree, use chokeberry (chokeberry); for a pear rootstock, take either shadberry or quince; For a peach rootstock, choose almonds, and for a kumquat, the rootstock will be orange.

* When choosing a rootstock and scion, remember - they must be healthy and young! A diseased tree spends energy on its recovery; it has no time for merging. And in old trees, the process of dividing cambium cells is no longer as fast as in young trees, and therefore the process of fusion will be worse.

* When preparing cherry cuttings, keep in mind that there are many flower buds on its annual shoots. Therefore, take longer shoots from young trees (which have fewer flower buds).

Vaccination, as it turns out, is a necessary thing. And important. And it’s not very difficult. I think we have convinced you of this.

In this article we will talk about chokeberry grafting. Among fruit plants, one of the prominent places belongs to chokeberry; it is widespread in Altai, Leningrad and many other regions. Excellent productivity, winter hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests and the high nutritional and technical value of the fruits place it on a par with valuable fruit crops.

Chokeberry fruits contain 13.25 percent sugars. They are also rich in vitamin C (over 79.69 mg%) and vitamin P (1555 mg%). They are used as food in fresh and especially when processed, they prepare jam, marmalade, wine, and liqueurs. Jam and wine are excellent medicinal remedies for stomach diseases and hypertension; they have a resolving effect on gouty deposits.

Chokeberry propagation by cuttings

Enormous demand for planting material Amateur gardeners cannot be satisfied with this crop due to a lack of seedlings. However, gardeners who want to grow their own chokeberry can be advised to purchase cuttings, which is much easier, and graft them into the crown of an ordinary rowan.

To do this, you can use adult chokeberry plants aged about 5 years and older, available in home gardens and in surrounding forests.

After transplanting, trees must be heavily pruned to reduce the volume of the crown. It is best to graft cuttings or budding in the second year after planting. If the tree is growing well, it is better to do it on the shoots of new growth (otherwise the eyes will not take root).

Leaving a trunk of wild rowan about 1.5-2 meters high, you can get chokeberry after grafting into its crown beautiful tree weeping form. Fruiting of chokeberry after grafting into the crown begins in the 3rd year. The grafted tree reaches considerable size and produces abundant harvests.

The use of rowan as a scion is not new for gardeners, but ignorance or ignoring some of the nuances sometimes becomes a hindrance. In the article we will tell you how to graft rowan, consider the methods used and their features.

Rowan grafting has a number of positive results for both the gardener and the plants:

• the first harvest appears several years earlier than when planted by cuttings or seeds;
• experiments with varieties are not difficult, and it takes less time to search for the desired variety (one or two cuttings are enough) and wait for the result;
• When grafting different varieties of plants, it turns out exclusive design garden;
• more space for new trees and beginnings because two or more species fit on one trunk;
• if you want to change a variety you don’t like, the process will not become a burden and will not take much time;
• the use of grafting cuttings from a tree that is in danger of death to a healthy one claims to be successful;
• vaccinations introduce varieties into the garden that are not able to take root in climatic conditions areas when growing them independently. Acquiring vaccination skills requires knowledge and experience, as well as a desire to try new things. Read also the article: → “How to properly plant rowan seeds and seedlings in the garden.”

Graft different varieties of rowan to each other, this often produces sweet fruits

Vaccination methods and their features

Each grafting situation requires a specific approach to the task at hand, as well as details in execution.

Tip #1. Graft the plant before or at the very beginning of sap flow, this will increase the chances of success.

Step-by-step instructions for vaccinations

Copulation method, step-by-step instructions:

With the improved copulation method, there is no inconvenience of displacement when fastening, because there is a lock that holds them together. It is made by approximately dividing the cut length of the rootstock and scion into three parts, with an incision made on one third.

Use specialized knives for cutting mountain ash

Budding method, step-by-step instructions:

Cleft grafting method, step-by-step instructions:

Bark grafting method, step-by-step instructions:

Side cut method, step by step instructions:

It is recommended to use dense non-toxic materials as fastening tape

Bridge grafting, step-by-step instructions:

Ablation grafting, step-by-step instructions:

Features of rowan grafting

They graft onto rowan different plants, but some species take root, others cannot be compatible with it.

Use rowan as a rootstock for noble pear varieties, they often take root

Compatible plant varieties and species have few differences when grafted with young or old trees. Old trees are often less saturated with nutrition, which means that grafting may be worse, and this also affects the quality of the fruit over time.

Caring for seedlings after grafting

After grafting, after a couple of months, they begin to care for the rowan: they weed the soil around the trunk, cultivate the plant, and mulch it. Pruning is carried out before the buds appear, in the spring for better access. sun rays per plant. After a month of grafting, it is necessary to actively maintain soil moisture to improve the supply of nutrients to the plant. Read also the article: → “What mineral and organic fertilizers applied to the soil for vegetables and fruit trees.”

Compatibility of scions and rootstocks

To obtain successful grafting results, it is important to take into account the compatibility of plant varieties and species. Have a high survival rate similar plants, in the case of rowan, these are its different varieties. Experiments on grafting various bushes onto trees often end in the absence of fruits, scions breaking off, etc.

Which method should a novice gardener choose?

One of the easiest to implement with a high survival rate is the “side cut” method. When using it, there are no inconveniences such as displacement during dressing or many jewelry calculations.

Differences between vaccination in spring and spring and autumn

Each season has its own characteristics of plant grafting.

Tools and their brands for grafting

During the grafting process, special tools are used to ensure maximum quality of work:

• knife (sometimes a garden knife, that is, for cutting cuttings, budding, copulating);
• pruner;
• electrical tape (or other dressing material);
• garden var;
• polyethylene film, etc.

Buy high-quality equipment, this will have a positive effect on the survival rate of your plants

Equipment for a narrow purpose is convenient for working with one or two types of vaccinations; in other cases, it is better to use another tool for direct or universal purposes. The most popular gardening equipment companies:

FAQ

Question No. 1. What should be the width of the tape to secure the scion?

Usually 2.5-3 cm wide is used, but it can be wider, depending on the diameter of the scion.

Question No. 2. For improved copulation, should the cuts be made on the rootstock or scion?

On both parts, they should lock together using these cuts.

For rootstock for other varieties of rowan, it is better to use red one - it is the most stable

Question No. 3. Is it possible to graft into the crown of a tree?

It is also possible in the crown, but it is important to take into account the direction of the bud, so that right side the scion grew.

Question No. 4. Is it possible to use a scion slightly smaller than the rootstock when copulating?

In this case, the task will be to combine the stone layer in as large areas as possible.

Mistakes of novice gardeners

Mistakes that gardeners make when grafting rowan:

To implement successful vaccination you need knowledge and experience, as well as a desire to do your job as best as possible.

Every gardener, like all passionate people, dreams of creating something new and interesting in their field - growing exotic plant, most beautiful flower, the largest and most delicious fruit. This will be helped not only by careful care and selection (breeding new varieties), but also by vaccinations.

What is it for?

With this technique, the scion plant is planted on the mother tree. The rootstock, as it were, shares its capabilities with a seedling that is more whimsical and demanding of growing conditions. The method is based on the plant restoring its trunk and branches due to the middle layer of wood - cambium, therefore, cuts of the scion and rootstock must be of the appropriate depth, otherwise fusion will not occur, while the rootstock and scion form one organism with a single metabolic system.

Benefits of vaccination:

• growing a strong varietal plant with the desired characteristics in conditions that are not very suitable for it, for example, when replanting a cultivated apple tree with a wild one;
• possibility of accommodation large quantity varieties on limited area and implementation of interesting design ideas, for example, miracle lilac with a variety of flowers on one trunk;
• quick replacement of a variety you don’t like with another;
• obtaining fruits several years earlier than with other growing methods;
• the possibility of restoring a damaged plant (for this, bridge grafting is most often used, covering the site of damage);
• obtaining a tree or bush of a more compact shape.

In addition, grafting is a method of propagating a scion with certain varietal qualities, since the offspring obtained from seeds may lose the quality of the fruit from generation to generation.

Why exactly rowan?

This tree naturally grows on soils where mainly spruce and pine trees feel comfortable, that is, swampy and acidified, and this is the composition of the soil on many plots. But it must be said that when transplanted, rowan easily adapts to other conditions. It grows up to 15 m in height, has a thickened crown and a compact shape. Frost-resistant, can withstand temperatures down to –50 degrees.

All of the listed characteristics allow us to consider rowan as a plant very suitable for the role of rootstock.

What types of vaccinations are carried out and when?

The following types can be considered the most suitable for grafting onto rowan: in a split and in a side cut.

In the first case, the trunk of the rootstock is split and scion cuttings are inserted into the gap. This method is possible even for novice gardeners, as it has a high survival rate and does not require special preparatory work. It is only important to ensure that the cuttings protrude slightly above the split and are pressed tightly against the inner layer of wood, and to protect everything open spaces, covering them with garden varnish. At this method It is not even necessary to wrap the plant, but for reliability you can do it.

For the first two weeks, it is advisable to provide the grafted tree with shade.

In the second case, no special manipulations are required either. On a cutting with several buds (usually 2–3), make a cut three times as long larger diameter the branch itself. Then they cut on the other side to get a double-sided wedge. A deep cut is made on the rootstock, down to the cambium, at an acute angle (15–30 degrees) and a scion is inserted into it, wrapped with twine, a special grafting tape or cling film. It is important to monitor the position of the bud so that growth proceeds in the right direction..

After 2–3 weeks you can already see whether the cutting will take root or not, the binding is removed at 4–5 weeks, and after 6–8 the final result is clear. Thickening at the grafting site indicates that full compatibility could not be achieved. Then you can try to repeat the experiment. If spinning branches appear, it is not recommended to cut them all off; several shoots are left to protect the graft from the wind.

The optimal results are obtained from vaccinations performed in early spring at the very beginning of sap flow, while the cuttings are prepared two weeks before the procedure and stored in a cool place, grafted onto the rootstock for 2–3 years of life. But it is possible to achieve good survival rate and summer grafts green cuttings, both in autumn and even in winter on an unplanted rootstock - in this case, the grafting is carried out in a cold but frost-free room (at a temperature of 18–20 degrees), and the root system of the future seedling is covered with moist soil or sawdust, in the spring it is planted in open ground.

How to graft a pear?

Experiments with ordinary red rowan as a rootstock began to be carried out precisely to improve the fruiting of pears in middle lane. Not all varieties were shown good compatibility with rootstock. It happened that grafted cuttings (for example, varieties Naryadnaya, Efimova) froze after the first season. There is an opinion that those descended from the Ussuri pear tree take root best. If you first graft this variety (Chizhovskaya, Lada, Kafedralnaya), and then regraft the resulting seedling with a less compatible variety next season, the result will be good.

There is another option - regrafting first with a cultivated rowan variety (Rubinovaya, Krasavitsa) and then with the desired pear variety.

The rootstock can be found in the forest, most often in the vicinity of spruce and pine trees. Next to the old rowan trees, choose from the young shoots a tree whose trunk diameter is about 2.5–3 cm at a level of 1 m from the ground. After digging, the roots should be immediately wrapped in a tight bag. The best survival rate will be if the grafting is carried out using the side incision or split method.

Even if the grafting was successful, you need to take into account that the pear grows a trunk faster than the mountain ash, so there is a risk of getting a plant with a powerful crown on a thinner stem. Because of this discrepancy, there are known cases of scion falling off in the 5th – 6th season. There are two ways out of this situation:

• just tie the plant to a support (it’s better to do this right away with purchased grafted seedlings);
• plant 2-3 small rowan trees nearby and grow them together with trunks, making cuts (grafting using the ablation method).

Rowan branches must be removed to prevent scion suppression. But not all. The fact is that for the full development of the rowan root system, it needs photosynthesis products from its own foliage. Therefore, about 25% of the crown should be rootstock branches.

Rowan is an unpretentious plant, however, its need for moisture is great. And if the year turns out to be dry, the grafted plant will definitely need to be watered. Otherwise, the pear fruits may turn out to be of poor quality: small, dry with hard inclusions and not sweet enough.

Mulching will help to avoid increased evaporation of moisture from the soil.

What else can be imparted?

It is also possible to graft an apple tree onto a rowan tree, but you should select varieties that come from the plum-leaved apple tree (Kitaika). In this case the compatibility is quite good.

Black rowan (chokeberry) has good survival rate with red rowan. Chokeberry grows strongly, and after grafting a compact bush is obtained, the taste and quality of the fruit are not lost. For serviceberry and dogwood, rowan is also very suitable as a rootstock.

Everyone knows hawthorn as an ornamental crop. The rowan scion turns out to be compact and grows less, as is the case with chokeberry.

Due to closely matching groundwater In many areas it can be difficult to grow cherries and plums, which are sensitive to stagnant moisture in the soil. Of course, they tried to graft them onto mountain ash. But experiments have shown that compatibility here is poor. There is a way out - regrafting through cultivated varieties of rootstock.

• the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms due to insufficient cleanliness during the grafting process, which will inhibit the growth and development of the scion;
• the time or weather for grafting was chosen incorrectly, the cutting could have been overdried from the heat or frozen, strong wind also does not contribute to a good result;
• inappropriate vaccination method;

Rowan is valued by breeders as a reliable rootstock option. To its stem or rhizome you can attach a cutting with a bud of the plant that needs to be propagated.

A plant that is more hardy and resistant to environmental conditions is used as a rootstock to help the main tree produce healthy and juicy fruits. This method of reproduction is called vegetative. You need to know what rowan can be grafted onto and how to do it.

Advantage of the rootstock

You can see this tree in almost every yard. The fruits have healing properties and can be used in decorative purposes. For what advantages do gardeners use rowan as a rootstock for certain crops?

1. Frost resistance. Is a champion among fruit trees in endurance low temperatures. The tree can withstand temperatures down to -50°C. Resistance to diseases and pests.
2. Adaptability to the soil. Perfect option– dry or medium dry soils: the tree will also be able to adapt to wet ones over time.
3. Weakness. Thanks to this feature, the harvest promises to be early and prolific.
4. Compactness. Relatively small in size, the tree will not take up much space on the site.
5. Neutrality. Use will not affect the taste of the fruits of the grafted tree.

Not every fruit tree is compatible with rowan during the growing season. You need to know which plants gardeners graft using such a rootstock.

Grafting with apple tree

Often among agronomists the question arises whether it is possible to propagate one of the trees from cuttings of another. Success depends on what type of apple tree we are talking about.

Positive results can be achieved by grafting varieties of plum-leaved apple, which is Chinese, onto rowan. It is frost-resistant and has small fruits. In other cases, the grafted area will die off immediately or later.

Let's look at the advantages of using rowan rootstock for an apple tree:

• acceleration of fruiting - sometimes the farmer collects the first harvest of apples after 2 years;
• rational use of the garden area and enrichment of the harvest by grafting several apple varieties onto one rowan tree;
• restoration of a tree with a broken trunk.

The success of grafting rowan onto an apple tree depends on the right choice varieties

It is compatible with varieties such as autumn Bellefleur-Kitayka and Dolgo. Apple cuttings begin to be prepared as early as February, but only if the air temperature is at least -10 °C.

In the midst of spring, sap flow usually begins. To determine it, you need to carefully pry the tree bark with a sharp object. If it rises easily, the process has started.

Please note that both plants involved in propagation must be young and healthy. A rowan seedling can be moved from the forest.

Methods for grafting an apple tree with rowan

The most popular methods include crown grafting. These include copulation, splitting and crown grafting. The 1st one is suitable if the diameter of the rowan matches the branch of the apple tree at the site of the rootstock. When the branch is slightly thinner, splitting occurs. If the difference is significant, you will have to turn to method 3.

To copulate you will need a special sharp knife, plastic strips and garden pitch. A diagonal cut is made on the rowan branch, then it is split. The treated cuttings are cut to 3 buds, the rootstock is wrapped in film, and the sections are treated with varnish.

When splitting, the rowan branch is cut against the axis and splits by 5 cm. The cuttings are divided into 2 parts. Both need to be connected to the split so that the edges of the bark also grow together.

When grafting an apple tree by the bark, you need to cut off the thickest rowan branch. Notches are made on the bark, the cuttings are cut obliquely and inserted into the splits. At the end, film treatment is required.

Grafting for pear and chokeberry

These fruit trees are grafted onto rowan less often than apple trees. In vain, because the results are good.

Whole, fresh rowan cuttings with 3 buds are selected to match the size of the transverse branch.

The cuttings are cut in a wedge shape, and should be as thin and sharp as possible, close to the rootstock. This way he can get the maximum amount of nutrients from the mother tree.

The contact point is wrapped with electrical tape. Tools for work are pre-sharpened and disinfected.

There is a secret to success: a cutting is taken with the buds in full bloom, and another tree is taken with the buds beginning to bloom. The optimal time for the process is evening with cloudy weather. Pear trees grafted with rowan bear fruit in 2–3 years, grow small, and delight their owners with a rich harvest for a long time.

Conclusion

Chokeberry has the same advantages as red one, but looks like a shrub with strong branches. Growing by ramming helps to form the chokeberry into a tree-like structure.

The practice of grafting pear, rowan and chokeberry is uncommon, but does occur. A plant with a trunk of 75–100 cm is formed. Trees after such a rootstock are early, fertile and beautiful.

Rowan grafting is successfully practiced experienced gardeners for propagation of fruit trees. By following the recommendations, you can get a rich harvest.