Population density of the countries of the world table. Population density of the countries of the world: average and maximum indicators
Today's holiday, World Population Day, is dedicated to humanity, which not so long ago exceeded the mark of 7 billion. On the occasion of the planet's population continuing to increase every hour, we propose to study the most densely populated cities on Earth.
The main city of Taiwan, which has determined the vector of economic and urban development for communist China since the eighties, miraculously manages to combine the density of the population with the comfort of his stay. In general, even the city metro is not particularly overloaded here.
The capital of the Philippines, famous for its incredible number of ancient churches and temples, rightfully bears the title of the most populous city in the world for many years. The population density of Manila is more than forty thousand people per square kilometer - an unattainable record. Although, if we take into account the agglomeration, the picture will not be so sad - just over ten thousand per kilometer.
The Indian city is the fourth most populous in the country, but the first in its density. Rightfully considered an educational and cultural center, Kolkata has not escaped all side effects overcrowding - massive slums with their half-starved inhabitants.
Also known as Bombay, the most populous city in India, which has passed the demographic mark of one billion people, simply could not help but be one of the global settlements with a record high population density. The figure is five thousand less than in Calcutta, and two times lower than in Manila, which, however, does not make it less impressive and terrifying at the same time.
With a population of just over two million people (this is without taking into account the numerous suburbs, where five times as many people work in the capital), it has become one of the most densely populated cities in the world due to its compact size - only a hundred square kilometers (25 times less, than Moscow Square!). At the same time, it does not cause the effect of overpopulation, unlike the same one dotted with slums.
The eight millionth capital of Egypt is famous for its quarters, more like huge monumental buildings, a city of scavengers and traffic lights that can be counted on the fingers. The first of the city's dubious sights did not appear from a good life - with the constantly high number of internal migrants arriving in the city, Cairo has nowhere to expand.
With a vast agglomeration, in the center of the largest city of Pakistan, so to speak, there is no crowding - more than ten million people live on just over five hundred square kilometers. More of them arrive at the center each morning for work from far-flung neighborhoods.
In terms of population and population density, the largest city in Nigeria is rapidly catching up with the Egyptian capital - having recruited almost five million people in a decade, the important African port has reached the mark of eighteen thousand people per square kilometer. And Lagos is clearly not going to stop there.
China's Shenzhen, which sets records in terms of population growth, has long overtaken other cities of the Celestial Empire that do not differ in an abundance of free space in terms of the number of people per unit area. In addition to the traditionally not the best ecological condition in the whole country, Shenzhen, being the main business center of China, was able to avoid the main problems of overpopulation.
The capital of South Korea is filling up with people clearly faster than it has time to grow. With a population density of almost eighteen thousand people per square kilometer, it continues to be one of the most livable cities in the world.
Another Indian city on the list, following the example of its counterparts, is not too bothered to deal with the problems associated with overpopulation. Being the fourth largest in India, Chennai suffers from the usual problems for the region - slums, streets clogged with traffic, problems with communications and sanitary conditions of citizens.
The Colombian capital is always included in the lists of dynamically developing cities in the world - the city government deserves the respect of many international authorities for its efforts and success in solving the problems of the most populous city in South America. Of course, there are also slums formed by new migrants, but Bogota manages its nearly eleven million people by far the best in the region.
The largest city in China and the first most populated city in the world could not be left out of this selection. Thanks to the rather vast territory occupied by Shanghai, it is in one of the last positions, more or less successfully distributing a bloody dozen thousand people over its 746 square kilometers. And if we take into account the agglomeration, then the business capital of the Celestial Empire can be considered a city of free spaces.
A small Belarusian mining town may seem like an alien, it is not clear how it got on this list, but the facts speak for themselves - with an area of only ten square kilometers, the town is inhabited by more than one hundred thousand people. Unlike other small settlements, Soligorsk is not expanding, but compacting, sacrificing green spaces.
The area occupied by Lima usually does not take into account the huge slums on the outskirts of the city and the numerous small towns of the agglomeration. The main part of the seven million population of the Peruvian capital is concentrated on six hundred square kilometers of area, which allows the city to take the last place among the fifteen overpopulated settlements of the world.
Help for Applicants » The average population density of the Earth is more than _ people per 1 km2
The average population density of the Earth is more than _ people per 1 km2
The average population density of the Earth is more than _ people per 1 km2 (give the answer in numbers)
(*answer*) 30
The average air temperature at the Earth's surface is currently +_ degrees (give the answer in numbers)
(*answer*) 15
There are three races
(*answer*) white
(*answer*) black
(*answer*) yellow
blue
There are various cycles of matter and energy
(*answer*) air cycles in the atmosphere
(*answer*) water cycles
(*answer*) biological cycles
the cycle of affairs
The solid core is surrounded by a layer of melt (liquid core) about _ kilometers thick
(*answer*) 2000
20000
5000
1000
Tver merchant _ in the second half of the XV century. reached India through Persia and the Arabian Sea
(*answer*) Afanasy Nikitin
Dmitry Laptev
Nikolay Miklukho-Maclay
Grigory Shelikhov
Accurate population data is provided by _ - simultaneous collection of digital data on all the inhabitants of the country
(*answer*) census
prescription
amounts
results
J. Cook made three voyages to the then unknown areas of the Pacific Ocean and discovered
(*answer*) New Guinea
(*answer*) New Zealand
(*answer*) coast of Australia
America
At the equator, the salinity of the ocean waters is about _% (give the answer in numbers)
(*answer*) 34
An increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere can lead to a dangerous increase in air temperature and the appearance of
(*answer*) ozone hole
solar eclipse
moon eclipse
eternal autumn
The angle of inclination of the sun's beam in the direction from the equator to the poles
(*answer*) decreases
constant
increases
stable
A section of the earth's surface, which is distinguished by the characteristics of natural components that are in complex interaction, is called
(*answer*) natural complex
sports complex
Forest
country cottage area
Scientists have proven that if you connect modern continental blocks, then the contours of large Paleozoic continents are restored.
(*answer*) Gondwana
(*answer*) Laurasia
Eurasia
Shvambrania
Scientists of ancient Greece identified three belts within the land inhabited at that time.
(* answer *) northern - damp and cold (Scythia)
(* answer *) southern - dry and desert (Egypt and Arabia)
(*answer*) medium - favorable (Mediterranean)
air - transparent (Space)
The central body of the solar system is
(*answer*) Sun
Moon
polar Star
Northern Lights
Find the extra word in each group. Write down the rest of the words, mark the suffixes.
According to ancient Russian tradition, Orthodox churches crowned with _ chapters (*answer*) five
Here are some telephone conversations. What questions are they asking each
The legal capacity of trade unions, their associations, the primary trade union organization arises as the legal capacity of a legal
How is blood glucose maintained? Fill the table.
During the excavations of the Assyrian city of Nineveh, a library of clay books was found. Each book
To insert checkboxes with answer options, such as "Yes" or
What animals are called invertebrates?
How can you explain the meaning of the expression: "Victory in the Northern War -
What was the legal working hours for an adult male in
The embryo receives nutrition for its development through the system: a) digestive; b)
The problem of non-responders is a serious problem (*response*) in mass surveys
USE passing score in specialties Moscow Institute of Linguistics MIL
The mental operation of dividing a complex object into its constituent parts is called (*answer*)
4. The decline in the aggregate demand curve is the result of: a) the effect of real cash
A concrete slab 20 cm thick lies on a horizontal floor. Determine the pressure
The appearance of man on Earth, his settlement on the continents
The homeland of a person is currently considered to be an area that captures the southern and southeastern Europe, northeastern Africa and western Asia.
From here, people settled on other continents.
Primitive people came to Australia through the islands of modern Indonesia and the Philippines, to North America - through the isthmus that connected it with Eurasia, to South America - through the Isthmus of Panama from North America.
Population of the Earth
The population of the Earth is 6.2 billion people (2003), and it is constantly growing.
More than half of the total population the globe concentrated in the 10 largest countries in terms of population, while in the two largest - more than a third of all people. Most populated countries in the world with capitals:
China (Beijing) - 1 billion
300 million people;
India (Delhi) - 1 billion 40 million people;
USA (Washington) - 287 million people;
Indonesia (Jakarta) - 221 million people;
Brazil (Brazilia) - 175 million people;
Pakistan (Islamabad) - 170 million people;
Russia (Moscow) -145 million people;
Nigeria (Lagos) - 143 million people;
Bangladesh (Dhaka) - 130 million people;
Japan (Tokyo) -126 million
Placement of man on the continents
People settled on the continents very unevenly.
The average population density of the Earth is -40 people/km2, but there are areas where this figure is less than 1 person/km2. Population density is affected by:
- natural factor(the majority of the population lives in the equatorial, tropical and temperate climatic zones, half of the world's population lives in a 200-kilometer coastal strip),
- historical factor(the northeast of the USA is the "cradle" of the whole country),
- economic factor(people migrate to economically developed areas).
The most densely populated areas at present are Europe, southern and southeastern Asia, and the northeastern United States.
Earth's population wikipedia
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Continents of the Earth
World map
There are six continents or continents on Earth: Australia, Antarctica, Africa, Eurasia, North America, South America. Five of them (except Antarctica) contain different countries. It is customary to call a country a territory that has its own borders, government and common history. There are more than 250 countries on Earth, in which about 7 billion 200 million people live.
Eurasia is the largest continent on Earth
It consists of two parts of the world - Europe and Asia.
There are 65 countries on the territory of Europe, 50 of them are independent states. Asia is the most a large part Sveta. Approximately 4 billion people live here, that is, more than half of the entire population of the globe.
There are 54 countries in Asia. The largest country in Eurasia, and indeed on the whole planet, is Russia. Only its western part occupies more than half of the entire territory of Europe.
The biggest country
Russia is located on one continent - Eurasia, but in two parts of the world - Europe and Asia.
The territory of our country makes up one sixth of the Earth's land area. Russia is inhabited by 140 million people - representatives of more than 100 different peoples. The nature of Russia is unusually rich. It is in our country that the largest forest in the world is located - the Siberian taiga and the most deep lake- Baikal.
Hot continent - Africa
Africa's treasures are its national reserves.
Africa is the hottest and second largest continent on the planet.
There are 62 countries on its territory, 54 of them are independent states. Africa has a population of over 1 billion people. Most of the year there is hot or warm weather.
Snow and ice here can be seen very rarely, mainly on the tops of high mountains.
Ice Antarctica
There are no states or countries in Antarctica. It's very, very cold there. The entire surface of this continent is covered with ice and snow. Due to severe weather conditions, a normal human life is almost impossible here.
Therefore, only scientists come to Antarctica to conduct various studies. The territory of this continent does not belong to any state.
Penguins are the most numerous inhabitants of Antarctica.
Australia is the smallest continent in the world
Australian symbol - kangaroo
Australia is the only continent on which there is only one country - Australia, which translates as "southern land".
23 million people live here. For the lush vegetation located along the coast, Australia was nicknamed the green continent. However, in the depths of the mainland, the area is mostly desert. This continent is famous for its kangaroos, which are much more than people - 60 million individuals.
Far North America
It is the third largest continent in the world and the fourth most populous.
500 million people live here. There are 43 countries in North America, but only 23 of them are independent states.
Of these 23 states, only 10 are located directly on the continent, the remaining 13 are island powers. Most of North America is occupied by Canada and the United States of America.
death valley
This is the name of the desert, which is located in the US state of California.
This is one of the driest and hottest places on our planet. AT summer days the thermometer here often shows above +45 ° С. Frosts often occur in this desert during winter nights.
At the same time, there is almost no precipitation in this area.
Impenetrable Forest Continent - South America
South America occupies only one eighth of the land. There are 15 countries, of which 12 are independent states. The largest country is Brazil. On the continent there are the largest tropical rainforests in terms of area - the Amazonian selva, in which Indian tribes that do not enjoy the benefits of civilization have survived to this day.
The population of the planet
race Negroid Mongoloid urbanization
In 1987, there were over 5 billion people on our planet. By the way, about a billion. Somehow we get used to great rooms and we don't always feel their size. You will probably be interested in the fact that the thickness of a book containing a billion pages will reach ... 50 kilometers, and a billion minutes will save the entire history of civilization - from ancient rome up to this day …
They have settled on every continent except Antarctica, where there are no permanent residents.
The world's population is very unevenly distributed. It is estimated that about 70% of the people in the world's most populated areas make up just 7% of the land. Natural conditions have a significant impact on the distribution of the population.
People of different continents and countries differ in appearance in terms of: skin color, hair, eyes, head, nose, lips. Such differences are inherited: passing from parents to children.
Scientists believe that all of humanity can be divided into three main races: Caucasoid (white), Mongoloid (yellow), equatorial (black).
There are also intermediate passing races.
The question of the origin of races is very complex and not fully resolved by science.
However, experts believe that some signs of races may occur under the influence of the environment.
Let's see how natural conditions have left their marks on representatives of different races.
In Africa, south of the Sahara and Oceania, the equatorial (black) races are mainly involved.
They are characterized by dark, dry skin, black coarse hair, thick lips, and a wide nose.
Negroids, who form one of the branches of the equatorial race, inhabit most of the African continent - the hottest in the world.
Where they live, nature is amazingly unique and much exotic plants. There is no cold, known winter in winter. The air temperature almost does not change the seasons. There is plenty of sunshine throughout the year.
However, excessive exposure to the sun is harmful to the human body.
And over the course of many millennia, man gradually adapted to an excess of the sun. The pigment has developed in the skin, which eventually retains a portion sun rays and therefore saves the skin from burns. A hard layer of cowhide, forming an air cushion, reliably protects the head from overheating.
The African population consists of many peoples, nationalities and tribes that differ in language, culture, and way of life.
Currently there are about 200-250 people. The diversity of the national composition of the population was also influenced by the movement of autochthonous inhabitants, the movement of Asian peoples to Africa and the invasion of Europeans.
Europeans first appeared on the west coast of Africa in the 14th century.
The shameful work of slaves, which lasted more than four centuries, the unscrupulous exploitation of the autochthonous population by the colonialists, led to the fact that the population of many African regions decreased significantly.
Approximately 100 million Africans died during the export of slaves.
The colonial regime slowed down the economic and cultural development of the peoples of this continent.
In the second half of this century, thanks to the national liberation struggle, a large African state gained independence.
African countries that have gained independence are implementing social reforms to improve people's lives.
He pays great attention to the younger generation, the construction of new schools, kindergartens.
An important part of the population is engaged in agriculture.
Modern machines help farmers. Residents grow corn and sugar cane, rice and bananas, papaya and pineapples, coffee and cocoa.
As for the growth of industry in many countries, the urban population is growing. Africans are getting new professions.
Carefully preserve and pass on from generation to generation the customs and traditions, rituals and dances of the African peoples.
One African poet wrote:
A new age begins.
The era of the torn
And broken chains
song of melodies
just a village field...
calls from leaders
and crazy factions
insolvent tamty,
Representatives of the Mongoloid frame have a clumsy face, yellow skin, abrasive natural hair, special shape of the eyelids.
Mongols live mainly in the countries of Central and East Asia.
Where people live, such as in Mongolia, there are many open spaces where strong winds often blow, sometimes dust and sand.
Over the centuries, people have adapted to such natural conditions. A narrow part of the representatives of the Mongolian race can develop in the dry atmosphere of the step as a protection from sand and dust.
The traditional occupation of the Mongols is animal husbandry.
The ancient Mongolian creations say: "Kon consists of the wind, a man without a horse, this bird without wings."
The horse is an indispensable assistant to the arats - the inhabitants of the steppe.
Along the paths of famous Russian travelers Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov. He pointed to the special hospitality of the inhabitants of the steppe, the researcher wrote: "You cannot take food and money with you ... in any jute, feed and drinks ...".
Arati lives on the jury.
Cold in hot, warm in cold, spacious, light and compact. They can be assembled and disassembled.
Cows, sheep, goats - for the Mongols - "short-legged cattle" and camels, like horses, "cattle with long legs."
Previously, the Mongols were mostly nomadic.
About half of WFP's population now lives in cities and workplaces. The capital of Socialist Mongolia is Ulaanbaatar, which means "red hero". Large industrial companies, museums, theaters, libraries, institutes and schools are represented here.
This is a large modern city with wide shops and streets, multi-storey buildings with boulevards and parks, shady streets, fountains.
People of the Caucasian (white) races live in Europe and partly in Western Asia.
They have light skin, hair color from light to black, blue-gray, gray-brown.
Big men and big beard grow in men.
People of the European race are divided into two main branches: the north with pink white skin and blue hair, the south with light skin and dark hair. The first of them is widespread in Northern Europe, and others - in the southern part, as well as in southwestern and northern India.
Almost half of the world's population belongs to the European race.
In the last three centuries these races have spread to America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
However, it is impossible to distinguish between acute races, as members of different races intermingle in ancient migrations.
Therefore, several transitional groups were formed among them.
Very diverse in composition and appearance, for example, the population of India. According to the population density, this country is one of the most populated. Most Indians live in the countryside. The land is fertile and the climate is favorable for the production of various crops.
Rural areas are dominated by the traditional characteristics of everyday life.
India is a country of ancient culture, there are many exceptional monuments of original architecture.
Indians are the indigenous peoples of North and South America, a special branch of the Mongolian race.
They differ from the Mongoloids in the body, the shape of the nose (high and throaty) and eyes.
For some bronze hue, American Indians were called "Redskins".
Over the centuries - warriors, fishermen, hunters - have created their own culture, customs and traditions.
Not so long ago North American Indians- proud, pure people - were perfect and unmodified masters of the earth, its forests and valleys, its river of lakes. This country was their home. Now the most remote and barren areas have become the city of many Indian tribes of North America.
In order to justify the inhumane treatment, domestic scientists have discovered whether there were pseudo-scientists who began to claim that people who have a bright, polite superior race, but with yellow or black skin, are at the lowest level.
In their opinion, people with black or yellow skin are not capable of mental work and should only do physical work. This position, based on racist theory, has always caused indignation among modern scientists.
More than 100 years ago, the great Russian scientist, famous traveler, geographer and ethnologist Nikolai Maclay decided to prove that all races are the same, there is no popular race.
“While geographers discovered new, far from known countries,” wrote Academician L.
S. Berg, - Miklouho-Maclay first tried to open a person as a “primitive”, who did not affect the European culture he was studying. "
Nikolai Nikolayevich was the first European to reach New Guinea.
The "man from the moon" was called out by the so-called natives with boldness and self-confidence with arms, seeking discussion and respect for the Papuans.
The passenger collected evidence of the unity of national origin.
The study of the population of the island of New Guinea allowed Miklouho-Maclay to resist the opinion of some bourgeois scholars that there were higher and lower races.
"I", written by Leo Tolstoy in a letter to a researcher, "touch your work and marvel at the fact that you have proven for the first time that man is everywhere,
friendly, social life.
And you have proven that this is real courage. "
The traveler led him to home journals, sketches, collections, which today are of great value to scientists studying the population of the world.
The number of inhabitants of our planet is increasing every year.
The urban population is growing and, consequently, the number of cities. Now let's take a small step and ask ourselves: what is a city?
Now in different countries there are different definitions of the city. In the RSFSR, a city is considered a settlement with a population of at least 12,000 people. And in the Estonian SSR, in this city, it is enough to have 8,000 people.
Although the number of inhabitants is often taken as the basis, the differences are still very large.
In Uganda, for example, a city of at least 100 inhabitants is considered, 200 in Greenland, 2,000 in Cuba, Angola and Kenya, and 5,000 in Ghana. In Spain, Switzerland, the lower limit is 10,000 people. The Republic of South Africa also proves its racist policy: a city is a settlement with all the characteristics of a city with a population of at least 500 people, provided that there must be at least 100 whites among them.
Population density in many countries plays a decisive role in relation to settlements.
For at least one hundred square kilometers (at a distance of 1.6 kilometers), there must be at least 500 people in the Philippines and 1,000 people in India. In France and Spain, a city is called a settlement where the houses are less than 2,000 meters apart.
There is another principle of classification.
The condition for granting city status in Czechoslovakia, Japan and the Netherlands is that 60% to 83% of the population is not employed in agriculture.
In the Philippines, perhaps more than in other countries, the reasons for sorting on the site are the presence of a network of streets, six or more shopping and entertainment materials, townhouses, churches, public and commercial areas, schools, hospitals, etc.
The oldest cities among the capitals of the states are Athens (in the old days, Beruta, Berytus), Delhi, Rome. Before our time there were also Ankara, Belgrade (Singidunum), Damascus, London (London), Paris (Lutetia), Lisbon (Olisipo).
Cities were created in antiquity with the separation of crafts and trade from Agriculture.
However, most modern cities appeared relatively recently - in the XIX-XX. Century - combined with the development of industry.
Currently, the rapid growth of large cities is happening all over the world. The fastest growing cities are millionaires.
There was no such place in 1800. In the 1850s. In 1900 and 12 there were 4 million cities. According to the UN, in 1950 there were 77 cities in the world with 1 million or more people, and in 1975 there were 185 people.
In just five years, their number has increased to 240, with more than 680 million people living there. By the year 2000, 439 million people are expected.
One of the most crowded cities in the world is Paris. It has an average of 32,000 inhabitants per square kilometer. There are 16,000 people in Tokyo, 1,300 in New York, 10,300 in London, and 9,450 in Moscow.
The most "urban" are the countries of Oceania, where about 76% of the population lives in cities. This is about 8.4 million people.
Very little. But the entire population of Oceania is estimated to be only 11 million people.
AT North Africa 74% of the population lives in cities, Europe - 69%, Latin America - 65%, East Asia - 33%, South Asia - 24%.
The highest human-inhabited point on Earth is in the Himalayas.
Here at an altitude of 5200 meters is the monastery of Ronburg.
The highest city in the world is the Peruvian mountain town of Sierra de Pasco. It is located in the central Andes at an altitude of 4320 meters.
The production of foodstuffs and agricultural raw materials for industry must constantly increase to feed, hand and line the inhabitants of the Earth. Is humanity threatened with death due to overcrowding?
Advanced scientists around the world are proving that the death of overpopulation is not threatened by the world: the Earth can feed billions of people.
Experts believe that the harvest of many crops in the coming years could increase significantly.
To do this, we must use the knowledge and experience accumulated by mankind.
Breeders are an important contributor to increasing yields. So, in our country several types of wheat were introduced, which bring 60-70 centners per hectare.
The conscientious use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides protects plants from agricultural pests.
Currently, humanity processes only 12% of the area. Every year the area of agricultural plants grows. People leave wetlands, they lead deserts.
As the population grows, new cities grow. Instead of fields and forests, paved streets and squares, concrete blocks buildings.
People are growing, the air is polluted by car exhaust and company smoke, and the water is polluted.
Man increasingly asserts established natural complexes because it needs more food and minerals.
Due to the rapid growth of science and technology, the problem of "man and nature" is especially relevant.
Our country occupies a leading position in the field of environmental protection.
Almost all companies have built treatment facilities, which completely exclude the ingress of harmful substances into water bodies. Many companies have installed devices to collect gas and dust.
Carefully used on our land, in the forests. When harvesting timber, we simultaneously grow forest plantations on millions of hectares.
The earth is our great home, and the life and health of all people on the planet depends on the state in which humanity will maintain it. Every person must protect nature and protect their wealth.
All work is the same Abstract: The population of the planet
Population growth
Population growth is very fast (Table 1).
Every year the world population increases by 60-80 million people.
human. It is believed that by 2024 the number of inhabitants will reach 8 billion, and by 2100 - 11 billion.
Population density
Population density shows the average number of inhabitants per square kilometer.
km. In order to determine the population density of the globe, the number of inhabitants should be divided by the area occupied by land.
On average, there were 52 people per square kilometer of land in 2013.
By the number of countries with highest density The South Asian region leads the population, then Europe.
There are no permanent residents in Antarctica.
Overpopulation of the planet
Some scientists predict that humanity will die from overpopulation. “Such a huge number of inhabitants,” they say, “the land will not be able to feed.” There are those among them who believe that wars will save humanity from overpopulation, epidemics of various diseases, they can take millions of human lives in a short time.
Of course, humanity does not want wars, it will not allow epidemics of diseases to break out in our time. Material from the site http://wikiwhat.ru
Progressive scientists all over the world scientifically prove that the world is not threatened with death from overpopulation, that the earth can feed many billions of people.
But after all, at present, humanity processes only about 10% of the land area. But even on this 10% of the currently cultivated area, if the yield of food crops is increased to the level already achieved in a number of developed countries, you can get food for 9 billion people, and if you replace all land vegetation with food and fodder crops, then the annual yield of these crops can feed more than 50 billion people.
Already with modern technology, the amount of land suitable for agriculture can be doubled, and in the future, with the development of science and technology, there will be almost no land unsuitable for agricultural use on our planet.
People will drain swamps, irrigate deserts, develop frost-resistant and fast-ripening varieties of crops.
On this page, material on the topics:
Average density on the planet in 2016
Earth population message
Population of the earth number by country
The population of the planet earth for 1940-1960
The population of the earth in words
Questions for this article:
How to determine the average population density?
Will our land be able to provide food for such a rapidly growing population?
Material from the site http://WikiWhat.ru
Planet Earth
Earth is the third planet in solar system. Contrary to the name, its land occupies only 29.2% of the planet's surface, and water - the rest - 70.8%.
Area and population of the continents
Continents of the Earth
A continent is a large piece of land (the earth's crust), a significant part of which is above sea level. A synonym for continent is the mainland and, in most cases, part of the world. There are seven continents on Earth (Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica).
However, you can often find other opinions about the amount, and here's why.
Number of continents
In different traditions (schools, countries) it is customary to consider different amount continents, hence the periodic confusion with numbers. And when in some sources they talk about the mainland, and in others about part of the world, then everyone is also distracted by these concepts, as if they mean different things. For example, sometimes North and South America are considered to be the single continent of America, since they are essentially not separated by water (the artificial Panama Canal does not count).
This interpretation is popular in Spanish-speaking countries.
In the same way, there is an opinion that Europe, Asia and Africa are one continent - Afro-Eurasia - because they form an undivided landmass. And you have certainly heard that Europe and Asia, which have an extremely implicit distinction, are often called Eurasia.
Hence the results of the calculation, when there are from four to seven continents on Earth. Nothing is lost, they just count differently.
In other words, the problem of understanding is not that, for example, Europe was called a continent or mainland, but what and why Europe was attributed to, with what it was glued together, from whom it was separated. All this is pure convention, and there are several different variants of such conventions.
Oceania
There is a vast region on Earth that is by no means a continent, but should still be mentioned: it is Oceania.
It includes clusters of small islands in the South Pacific Ocean and is conditionally divided into Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia. In reference books, Oceania is invariably associated with Australia as the closest (and at the same time last in the list) continent. And to dispel the misconception that we are talking only about mainland Australia, the heading is clarified: Australia and Oceania.
oceans
Like continents, the water surface also has a conditional division - into oceans.
And here, too, confusion with the number is not complete: from 3 to 5 oceans are distinguished, depending on traditions. In the greatest detail these are: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the North Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean.
The biggest and smallest
Asia is the largest continent.
This applies to both area (29%) and population (60%). The smallest in the list is Australia (5.14% and 0.54% respectively). Antarctica is not on the list because this ice-bound continent is uninhabitable (comfortable) and largely uninhabited. The largest ocean is the Pacific, it covers almost half of the water surface of the Earth.
To characterize the distribution of the population, the indicator is used density population, which first appeared in the works of economists in the first half of the 19th century. It allows you to more or less clearly judge the degree of population of the territory, it reflects the suitability of one or another type of natural environment for the production activities of people and the direction of the economy, and the demographic capacity of the territory. The most traditional indicator of population density is calculated as the ratio of the number of permanent residents of the territory to its area, excluding large inland water basins, expressed in the number of people per 1 km 2 (gross population density).
In industrialized countries, the indicator of average density, due to the high proportion of city dwellers, does not reflect the nature of the use of the territory. Therefore, the density of the rural population is often determined in relation to either the entire territory of the country, or only to agricultural land, or suitable for agriculture (net population density).
Average density data allow comparisons between countries and areas, especially when comparing agricultural countries. The smaller the area taken for calculation, the closer this indicator is to reality. So, with an average population density in Indonesia of 122 people / km 2 about. Java has a density of over 500 people/km 2 , and some of its areas (Adiverna, Klatena) - more than 2500 people/km 2 [Shuv., p.82].
The overall population density of the Earth is growing in proportion to the growth of the world population. In 1900, this figure was 12 people/km2, in 1950 it was 18, and in 2000 it was approximately 45 people/km2. Rural population density has grown much more slowly and is now half the global average. And in economically developed countries, the density of the rural population does not grow at all or even decreases.
At the same time, in such densely populated countries as India and Bangladesh, where urbanization is developing slowly, the burden of the rural population on agricultural land that has long been used to the limit is growing.
The highest density indicator (126 people / km 2) has a populous Asia, more than 120 people / km 2 - Europe (without the CIS countries), in the rest of the macroregions of the Earth, the population density is lower than the world average: in Africa - 31, in America - 22, and in Australia and Oceania - only 4 people / km 2.
Comparison of the population density of individual countries makes it possible to single out three groups of states according to this indicator. Highly high density population (over 200 people / km 2) are Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, India, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, El Salvador, etc.
Small, mostly island countries, have particularly high population densities: Monaco (33104 people / km 2), Singapore (6785), Malta (1288), Bahrain (1098), Barbados (647), Mauritius (618 people / km 2) and etc.
There are significant contrasts in population density within individual countries. Egypt, China, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Russia, etc. can be cited as vivid examples of this kind.
For example, in Australia, 4/5 of the country's population lives on 10% of the territory, and only 1% on 65% of the area. In India, more than half of the population lives in the Tanga Valley, in the south of Hindustan and along the coast, i.e. 1/5 of the country. Only 3.5% of the population lives on 3/5 of China's area.
The most important geographical features population placement:
- about 70% of the population lives on 7% of the land;
- more than 70% of the world's rural population is concentrated in Asia;
- more than 85% of the planet's inhabitants are concentrated in the eastern hemisphere, 90% - in the northern hemisphere;
- the main part of the population and settlements are distributed up to 78 0 n. and 54 0 S;
- about 4/5 of the land population lives no higher than 500 m above sea level, 50% - up to 200 m;
- in the lowlands most people live in Europe (69%), Australia (72%); least of all - in Africa (32%) and South America (42%);
- about 11% of the world's population lives at an altitude of 500-1000 m;
– about 30% of the population lives at a distance of up to 50 km from the sea coast [Shuv., Shitikova].
Population density maps reflect extremely brightly and visually the distribution of the population, and the larger the scale of the map, the higher its value as a source of information.
Five main areas of high density are clearly distinguished on the world population density map. The largest of them is the East Asian one, which includes the eastern provinces of China, Korea, and Japan. The average density here everywhere (except for mountainous regions) is about 200 people. (Kong, and in the Yangtze Valley, in the Republic of Korea and Japan exceeds 300 people / km 2. Approximately 1.5 billion inhabitants live in this area, there are approximately more than 30 cities with a population exceeding 1 million each.
The second population cluster is South Asian (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) with an average density of about 300 people / km 2 and the largest population concentration in the Tanga and Brahmakutra valleys - up to 500 people / km 2. It is also home to about 1.5 billion people.
The third area is Southeast Asian (Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia) with a population of more than 400 million people. In these regions, high density was formed initially due to the rural population, where it does not fall below 300-500 people / km 2, and in some areas reaches 1500-2000 people, with a further concentration of part of the population in cities, especially in Japan and the Republic of Korea .
The fourth area is Western European (Great Britain (without Scotland), Benelux, North of France, Germany), where the average density exceeds 200 people / km 2.
The fifth cluster of population can be traced to the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada with 14 million-plus cities. The concentration of the population here, as well as in Western Europe, is explained by the high level of development of industry and other sectors of the economy in cities of various ranks.
A small cluster of population is located in the lower reaches of the Nile, where the density reaches 500-800 people / km 2, and in the delta - more than 1300 people / km 2.
More than 2/3 of the total population of the planet is concentrated in these areas.
Along with densely populated areas, vast expanses of land are very sparsely populated. About 54% of the Oikulina area has a population density of less than 5 persons/km2. These areas include the territories of Eurasia and North America with subpolar archipelagos of islands adjacent to the coast of the Arctic Ocean.
A rare population in the deserts of North Africa, Central and Western Australia, Central Asia, the Arabian Peninsula. There is little population in the equatorial forests of the Amazon, in high mountainous areas. These areas are extreme in terms of natural conditions. Naturally, the bulk of people are concentrated in the most favorable areas for living and farming in the temperate, subtropical and subequatorial climatic zones.
The population density in foreign Europe and Asia is more than 2.5 times higher than the world average, while in America it is twice, and in Australia and Oceania 12 times less (Table 1).
Table 1 Change in population density by regions of the world, persons/km2
Note: * without CIS countries
For half a century, the population density has increased most in Africa (almost 8 times) and in general in developing countries - 3 times.
In the Asian region, the bulk of the population is concentrated in East, Southeast and South Asia. Huge areas of deserts, semi-deserts and mountains do not have a permanent population. As already noted, this region is characterized by intra-country differentiation in density (China, India, etc.).
Countries with the highest population density: Bangladesh - 1035 people / km 2, Japan - 338, India - 344, Lebanon - 377, Israel - 332. In the largest countries of the region, this figure is lower: China - 138, Indonesia - 122, Pakistan - 213 people / km 2. Mongolia has the minimum population density - 2 people / km 2.
Europe has a fairly uniform population density everywhere, there are no vast sparsely populated and uninhabited areas, as well as areas of a dense agricultural population, as in Asia. High density rates are achieved at the expense of the urban population. The highest density of the rural population is observed in Malta, Switzerland and Italy, the lowest - in the countries of Northern Europe (Iceland, Scandinavian countries). Intra-country differentiation in density is most pronounced in the UK and France.
They have the maximum population density (not counting the dwarf and island heads in the Netherlands - 394 people / km 2, Italy - 197, Switzerland - 182, Belgium - 348. In Iceland, this figure is minimal - 3 people / km 2.
Africa is still relatively sparsely populated, especially in the equatorial forests of the river basin. Congo, deserts of North and South Africa. Intra-country differences in population density are pronounced in North Africa (Egypt, Libya). The most densely populated countries are Mauritius (619 people / km 2), Reunion (319), Rwanda (355), Burundi (306).
Of the large states, the highest density is: Nigeria - 156 people / km 2; Egypt -73, Uganda - 188, Ethiopia - 70.
The lowest population density was noted in Mauritania and Namibia - 3 people / km 2 each, Western Sahara - 2 people / km 2.
America is characterized by a sharp differentiation in population density within countries and between countries (Canada, USA, Brazil). The highest population density is observed in the Atlantic regions of the United States and the central highlands of Mexico, on the Pacific coast (California), the Caribbean islands, and the Columbian highlands in South America. The lowest density is observed in the Amazon, the foothills of AID, the Atacama Desert, and the Arctic regions.
The average population density of the largest countries in the region: USA - 31 people / km 2, Mexico - 54, Brazil - 22, Venezuela - people / km 2, the lowest - in Canada (3 people / km 2).
Australia and Oceania is the region with the lowest population density. There are clusters of population on the islands: Nauru (667 people / km 2), Tuvalu (379), Marshall Islands (370), Guam (315). In Australia itself, this figure does not exceed 3 people / km 2.
In Russia, the largest of the CIS countries, the average population density is only 8 people / km 2, and rural - 2.3. On the map of the population density of Russia, the main strip of settlement is clearly visible, stretching from the Western borders and narrowing towards the Pacific Ocean through the Volga region, the Middle and Southern Urals, the south of Western and Eastern Siberia to the south Far East, mainly along the Trans-Siberian Railway. About 2/3 of the entire population of Russia is concentrated within this band. Away from it, on the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District, there are several areas with a high population density, especially in its western part. In natural terms, the main zone of settlement coincides with the steppe, forest-steppe zones and the southern regions of the taiga, the most convenient for living and farming, in which the vast majority of the inhabitants of Russia have been employed for many centuries. At present, the population density in the Moscow region is about 300 people/km2, and in the most densely populated Central Economic Region, this figure is 60 people/km2.
Of the other CIS countries, Moldova (118 people/km2), Armenia (101) and Ukraine (77 people/km2) have the highest population density. The minimum values were noted in Kazakhstan (6 people/km2), Turkmenistan (11 people/km2).
Monaco, a tiny state, has 18,700 inhabitants per square kilometer. By the way, the area of Monaco is only 2 square kilometers. What about the countries with the smallest population density? Well, there are such statistics too, but the figures may change slightly due to the constant change in the number of inhabitants. However, the countries below end up on this list anyway. Let's watch!
Just don't say you've never heard of such a country! A small state is located on the northeast coast of South America, and this, by the way, is the only English-speaking country on the continent. The area of Guyana is commensurate with the area of Belarus, while 90% of the people live in coastal areas. Almost half of the population of Guyana are Indians, and blacks, Indians and other peoples of the world also live here.
Botswana, 3.4 people/sq.km
A state in South Africa, bordering South Africa, is 70% the territory of the harsh Kalahari Desert. The area of Botswana is quite large - the size of Ukraine, but the population there is 22 times less than in this country. The Tswana people live in Botswana for the most part, and other African peoples are represented in small groups, most of which are Christians.
Libya, 3.2 people/sq.km
The state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast is quite large in area, however, the population density is low. 95% of Libya is desert, but cities and towns are distributed relatively uniformly throughout the country. Most of the population are Arabs, in some places there are Berbers and Tuareg, there are small communities of Greeks, Turks, Italians and Maltese.
Iceland, 3.1 people/sq.km
The state in the north of the Atlantic Ocean is completely located on a fairly large island of the same name, on which Icelanders, descendants of the Vikings who speak Icelandic, as well as Danes, Swedes, Norwegians and Poles, mostly live. Most of them live in the Reykjavik area. Interestingly, the level of migration in this country is extremely low, despite the fact that many young people leave to study in neighboring countries. After graduation, the majority returns for permanent residence in their beautiful country.
Mauritania, 3.1 people/sq.km
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is located in West Africa, washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean in the west, and borders on Senegal, Mali and Algeria. The population density in Mauritania is about the same as in Iceland, but the country's territory is 10 times larger, and the people also live here 10 times more - about 3.2 million people, among whom there are most of the so-called black Berbers, historical slaves, and also white Berbers and blacks who speak African languages.
Suriname, 3 people/sq.km
The Republic of Suriname is located in the northern part of South America. A country the size of Tunisia is home to only 480,000 people, but the population is constantly growing little by little (maybe Suriname will be on this list in 10 years, say). The local population is represented mostly by Indians and Creoles, as well as Javanese, Indians, Chinese and other nations. There is probably no other country where so many languages of the world are spoken!
Australia, 2.8 people/sq.km
Australia is 7.5 times larger than Mauritania and 74 times larger than Iceland. However, this does not prevent Australia from being one of the countries with the lowest population density. Two-thirds of the Australian population lives in 5 major cities on the mainland, located on the coast. Once, until the 18th century, this mainland was inhabited exclusively by Australian Aborigines, Torres Strait Islanders and Tasmanian Aborigines, who were very different from each other even externally, not to mention culture and language. After moving to a distant "island" of immigrants from Europe, mostly from Great Britain and Ireland, the number of inhabitants on the mainland began to grow very rapidly. However, it is unlikely that the deserts scorching with heat, which occupy a decent part of the mainland, will ever be mastered by man, so only the coastal parts will be filled with inhabitants - which is happening now.
Namibia, 2.6 people/sq.km
The Republic of Namibia in South West Africa has over 2 million people, but due to the huge problem of HIV/AIDS, the exact numbers fluctuate constantly. Most of the population of Namibia is the people of the Bantu family and a few thousand mestizos who live mainly in the community in Rehoboth. About 6% of the population are whites - the descendants of European colonists, some of whom retain their culture and language, but still, most of them speak Afrikaans.
Mongolia, 2 persons/sq.km
Mongolia is currently the country with the lowest population density in the world. The area of Mongolia is large, but only a little over 3 million people live in the desert territories (although at the moment there is a slight increase in population). 95% of the population are Mongols, Kazakhs are represented to a small extent, as well as Chinese and Russians. It is believed that more than 9 million Mongols live outside the country, mostly in China and Russia.
Man has inhabited almost 90% of the earth's land. They have developed territories that are more or less suitable for life and economic activity.
Population density of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Only the poles and the areas adjacent to them, the most arid areas of deserts, high mountains, and glaciers remained uninhabited.
How are people located on the earth's surface?
The population of the Earth is distributed over its surface very unevenly.
To see this, just look at a map showing the density of the world's population. Population density is the number of inhabitants per 1 km2 of territory. In 2009, the average population density on the surface of the globe developed by people was 50 people.
People are unevenly distributed across the hemispheres of the planet. Most of them live in the Northern (90%) and Eastern (85%) hemispheres. The distribution of the population on individual continents and their parts is different. Even more significant are the differences in the distribution of the population across the countries of the world.
What affects the placement of people?
For people's lives, heat and moisture, relief and fertility of the soil, and a sufficient amount of air are of great importance.
Therefore, cold and arid territories are poorly populated, as well as high mountains, where it is difficult to breathe due to lack of oxygen.
Since ancient times, mankind has gravitated towards the sea.
Proximity to it made it possible to obtain food and conduct economic activities related to sea fishing. Sea routes opened up the possibility of communication with other regions of the Earth.
Population density is also influenced by the age of territory development. To date, four areas of historical settlement on Earth have the highest population density: South and East Asia, Western Europe and eastern North America.
Human adaptation to natural conditions
Adaptation to natural conditions is manifested not only in the external appearance of people belonging to different races.
Features of nature affect the appearance of dwellings, people's clothes, food and methods of its preparation. In different parts of the Earth, different tools and building materials are used. And although in modern world all these differences are gradually being erased, they can still be observed, especially in rural areas.
Placement of people on the planet wikipedia
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Answers to GIA tickets by geography
The location of the population is influenced by several factors:
1. Natural and climatic conditions - the more favorable the conditions for human life, the greater the population density (plains of the North Caucasus, Central Chernozem region), on the contrary, in regions with extreme natural conditions population density is insignificant (European North, north of Siberia and the Far East).
Relief - as a rule, plains are more densely populated than mountains, at the same time, in mountainous regions in intermountain basins, a very high population density can be observed (Northern Caucasus).
3. Economic development and development of the territory - in regions with developed industry or agriculture, the population density is higher, which leads to continuous settlement of the territory (European part of Russia, south of Western Siberia), and in economically backward regions (Kalmykia) or in areas of new development ( European North, north of Siberia and the Far East) is characterized by focal settlement around a center of development.
Traditions of the population - for example, the peoples of the Far North need vast territories for hunting and reindeer herding.
5. Fresh water sources play a decisive role in desert regions, when almost the entire population is concentrated in oases (Kalmykia).
List the areas with the highest population density in Russia
Transport routes - in Russia, in the poorly developed regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East, the population is concentrated along the main transport routes - along rivers or main railways (for example, along the Trans-Siberian Railway).
The uneven distribution of the population leads to an excess of labor resources and an increase in unemployment in some regions (the national republics of the North Caucasus) and a sharp shortage of them in resource-producing regions (the European North, the north of Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia and the Far East), which makes it difficult to develop the Asian part of the country.
The population of Russia is extremely unevenly distributed over its territory.
What are the main reasons that determine the uneven distribution of the population, what problems arise in connection with this? wikipedia
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Why America is not Russia: the history of US cities
The history of any state is, first of all, the history of its cities. In the United States, the dynamics of the development of the country's cities has been published. It shows that several large agglomerations have always existed in the country at the same time, and situations where one city (like Moscow in the Russian Federation) openly dominates the entire country did not arise there.
The last warriors / The last warriors
A series of documentaries dedicated to the wild and original tribes of Africa.
The life of the Wudabi and Tuareg tribes is a daily struggle for survival in the ruthless desert heat. The Mursi are a people whose life is determined by what is seen in the night sky. They sacrifice animals, fight enemy tribes, women express devotion to their husbands - warriors by stretching their lips to unthinkable sizes.
In the southern part of Ethiopia, two exotic tribes live - the Hamar and the Karo. Warring with neighboring tribes, they have lived in peace and harmony with each other for many centuries.
Population explosion through the eyes of a biologist
Dolnik V.R.
This publication differs from many others in that a biologist writes about demographic problems.
With the development of ethology, social biology and other sciences of animal behavior, biologists began to encroach on a special point of view about behavior Homo sapiens. Naturally, this causes an unfavorable reaction among sociologists and psychologists, the invasion of aliens from biology into their protected territory seems at first blasphemy.
And still…
Tribal Life / Tribal Odyssey
national geographic
This cycle of documentaries is dedicated to the tribes of Africa, who live right next to nature, keeping their ancient cultural traditions, customs, way of life.
Genetic portrait of the Russian people
Oleg Balanovsky
Hamburg account
Russians have many relatives in terms of language, culture, and geography.
The history of civilization through the eyes of an ecologist
Dmitry Dvinin
Environmental challenges have arisen throughout human history, some peoples coped with them, others perished without finding an adequate answer.
Countries with the lowest population density
Modern ecology, based on a systematic approach, can give new answers to the questions of the development of civilization. At the lecture, you will learn how it is possible to study ecology in the past, why Marx was wrong, and whether it is possible to predict the future and manage the development of mankind.
Are there biological mechanisms for regulating the number of people?
Victor Dolnik
Forced sterilization is a crime against humanity
Forced sterilization is a government program that forces people to undergo surgical or chemical sterilization.
In the first half of the 20th century, such programs were launched in some parts of the world, including the United States, usually as part of eugenics research, and were intended to prevent the reproduction of people who were considered carriers of defective genetic traits.
Forced sterilization: how in the USA they fought for the purity of the gene pool
The authorities of North Carolina ordered to pay multimillion-dollar compensation to residents of the state, who suffered from a policy of forced sterilization in the early and middle of the 20th century.
They were deprived of the opportunity to have children in accordance with the then popular doctrine of preserving the purity of the gene pool of the population. However, eugenics in the United States was carried away not only in North Carolina - tens of thousands of Americans became victims of this theory.
Rites of initiation: from circumcision to army hazing
In all countries of the world, the concept of masculinity has its own meaning, and the inhabitants of different countries themselves determine when a boy can be considered a man.
In a modern civilized society, in order to become a man, you need to enter sexual maturity, start a family, gain status in society. But in various tribes, in order to be considered a real man, you often need to go through terrible rites of initiation, including pain and humiliation. And only after that the boy can rightfully bear the title of a real man.
The main patterns of population distribution.
About 70% of the population is concentrated in 7% of the territory, and 15% of the land is completely uninhabited.
90% of the population lives in the northern hemisphere.
Over 50% of the population - up to 200 m above sea level, and up to 45% - up to 500 m above sea level (only in Bolivia, Peru and China (Tibet) does the boundary of human habitation exceed 5000 m)
about 30% - at a distance of no more than 50 km from the sea, and 53% - in a 200-km coastal strip.
80% of the population is concentrated in the Eastern Hemisphere average density: 45 people/km2 per 1/2 land population density less than 5 people/km2 maximum population density: Bangladesh – 1002 people/km2
World population density
The people on the planet are extremely unevenly settled.
Approximately 1/10 of the land is still uninhabited (Antarctica, almost all of Greenland, and so on).
According to other estimates, about half of the land has a density of less than 1 person per square kilometer, for 1/4 the density ranges from 1 to 10 people per 1 square kilometer.
km and only the rest of the land has a density of more than 10 people per 1 square kilometer. On the inhabited part of the Earth (oecumene), the average population density is 32 people per square meter.
80% live in the eastern hemisphere, 90% live in the northern hemisphere, and 60% of the world's population lives in Asia.
Obviously, a group of countries with a very high population density stands out - over 200 people per square kilometer.
It includes such countries as Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, El Salvador, etc.
In a number of countries, the density indicator is close to the world average - in Ireland, Iraq, Colombia, Malaysia, Morocco, Tunisia, Mexico, etc.
Some countries have lower density than the world average - in them it is no more than 2 people per 1 km2.
This group includes Mongolia, Libya, Mauritania, Namibia, Guyana, Australia, Greenland, etc.
Causes of uneven settlement
The uneven distribution of the population on the planet is explained by a number of factors.
First, it is the natural environment. For example, it is known that 1/2 of the world's population is concentrated in the lowlands, although they make up less than 30% of the land; 1/3 of people live at a distance of no more than 50 kilometers from the sea (the area of \u200b\u200bthis strip is 12% of the land) - the population is, as it were, shifted to the sea.
This factor has probably been leading throughout human history, but its influence is weakening as socio-economic development progresses. And although vast areas with extreme and unfavorable natural conditions (deserts, tundras, highlands, tropical forests, etc.) are still poorly populated, natural factors alone cannot explain the expansion of the ecumene ranges and those huge shifts in the distribution of people that have occurred over the past century.
Secondly, the historical factor has a rather strong influence.
This is due to the duration of the process of human settlement on Earth (about 30 - 40 thousand years).
Thirdly, the current demographic situation affects the distribution of the population. Thus, in some countries, the population is increasing very rapidly due to high natural increase.
In addition, within any country or area, no matter how small, the population density is different and varies greatly depending on the level of development. productive forces.
It follows that the indicators of the average population density give only an approximate idea of the population and economic potential of the country.
This uneven distribution of the population is caused by a number of interrelated factors: natural, historical, demographic and socio-economic.
The population is distributed very unevenly across the globe.
This is due to the influence of a large number of factors that can be divided into three groups.
· Natural. They were decisive in the resettlement of people before the transition of mankind to agriculture and animal husbandry.
Of the most important here, one can single out the absolute height, relief, climate, the presence of water bodies, and natural zonality as a complex factor.
· Socio-economic. These factors are directly related to the development of human civilization and their influence on the distribution of the population increased with the development of productive forces. Despite the fact that human society will never fully become independent of nature, at present, it is the factors belonging to this group that are decisive in shaping the system of the Earth's settlement.
These include the development of new territories, the development of natural resources, the construction of various economic facilities, population migration, etc.
· Environmental factors. In fact, they also belong to the socio-economic.
However, starting from the last quarter of the 20th century, their influence increased sharply, which became the basis for their separation into a separate group. The influence of these factors is already determined not only by individual local events (the Chernobyl accident, the Aral Sea problem, etc.), but is increasingly becoming global in nature (the problems of pollution of the World Ocean, the greenhouse effect, ozone holes, etc.).
Historically, most of the population lives in Asia.
At present, there are more than 3.8 billion people in this part of the world (2003), which is over 60.6% of the population of our planet. Almost equal in population America and Africa (approximately 860 million people each).
people, or 13.7% each, are significantly behind the rest of Australia and Oceania (32 million people, 0.5% of the world's population.
Asia hosts most of the countries with the most large numbers population.
Among them, according to this indicator, China has long been the leader (1289 million people, 2003), followed by India (1069 million people), the USA (291.5 million people), Indonesia (220.5 million people). pers.). Seven more countries have a population of over 100 million people: Brazil (176.5 million people), Pakistan (149.1 million people), Bangladesh (146.7 million people).
people), Russia (144.5 million people), Nigeria (133.8 million people), Japan (127.5 million people) and Mexico (104.9 million people). At the same time, the population of Grenada, Dominica, Tonga, Kiribati, Marshall Islands was only 0.1 million.
Population density in Russia. World population density
The main indicator of population distribution is its density. This figure is growing with the increase in population and is currently on average in the world it is 47 people/km. However, it is significantly differentiated by regions of the world, countries and, in most cases, by different regions of countries, which is determined by the previously named groups of factors. Among parts of the world, the highest population density is in Asia - 109 people / km and Europe - 87 people / km, America - 64 people / km.
Africa and Australia with Oceania are significantly behind them - respectively, 28 people / km and 2.05 people / km. Differences in population density in the context of individual countries are even more pronounced. Small states are usually more densely populated. Monaco (11,583 people/km, 2003) and Singapore (6,785 people/km) stand out among them. From others: Malta - 1245 people / km, Bahrain - 1016 people / km, Republic of Maldives - 999 people / km. In the group of larger countries, Bangladesh is the leader (1019 people/km), significant density in Taiwan - 625 people/km, Republic of Korea - 483 people/km, Belgium - 341 people/km, Japan - 337 people/km, India - 325 people /km.
At the same time, in Western Sahara the density does not exceed 1 person/km, in Suriname, Namibia and Mongolia - 2 person/km, in Canada, Iceland, Australia, Libya, Mauritania and a number of other states - 3 person/km.
In the Republic of Belarus, the density indicator is close to the world average and amounts to 48 persons/km.
Demographic factor
Demographic factors have a great influence on the rational distribution of productive forces. When locating individual enterprises and sectors of the economy, it is necessary to take into account both the demographic situation already existing in a given place and the future situation, as well as the future increase in production itself.
When locating the construction of new economic facilities, it should be borne in mind that the working-age population is declining. Therefore, the task is to save labor resources, use them more rationally, release labor as a result of comprehensive mechanization and automation of production, and better organization of labor.
The current demographic situation is characterized by a large uneven distribution.
Most densely populated areas of the European part of the country: Central, North-Western, North Caucasus. At the same time, the regions of Siberia and the Far East and the North have a very low population density.
Therefore, when building new large-scale industries in the east and north of the country, it is necessary to attract labor resources from the populous European regions of the country to these areas, create a favorable social infrastructure for them in order to secure these personnel in newly developed areas with extreme conditions.
In connection with the growth of production in the eastern regions of the country and the acute shortage of labor resources in them, especially highly qualified personnel, the tasks are set of all-round intensification of production, accelerating the training of qualified personnel and attracting labor resources from the European regions of the country to new construction sites.
The labor factor is also of great importance in the prospective development of agriculture, where there is a significant shortage of labor resources.
Only the solution of the most important social problems in the countryside, private ownership of land, the convergence of living standards between town and countryside, the comprehensive development of housing construction and other infrastructure sectors will make it possible to secure personnel, especially young people, in the countryside.
An important aspect of personnel policy, which affects the development and location of production, is the factor of wages, especially for the regions of the North, eastern regions, i.e.
e. Labor-deficient areas with extreme conditions, sparsely populated.
Moscow 11 514.30 Central
2 St. Petersburg 8,081.17 North-Western
3 Moscow region 154.19 Central
4 Republic of Ingushetia 96.05 North Caucasian
5 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania 89.11 North Caucasian
6 Republic of Chechnya 84.61 North Caucasian
7 Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria 68.78 North Caucasian
8 Krasnodar Territory 68.76 Southern
9 Republic of Chuvashia 68.39 Privolzhsky
10 Kaliningrad region 62.35 Northwestern
11 Tula region 60.46 Central
12 Samara Region 59.99 Privolzhsky
13 Republic of Dagestan 59.19 North Caucasian
14 Republic of Adygea 57.95 South
15 Belgorod Region 56.56 Central
16 Republic of Tatarstan 55.68 Privolzhsky
17 Vladimir region 49.81 Central
18 Lipetsk Region 48.66 Central
19 Voronezh region 44.58 Central
20 Ivanovo region 44.46 Central
21 Nizhny Novgorod Region 44.26 Privolzhsky
22 Rostov region 42.45 Yuzhny
23 Stavropol Territory 41.90 North Caucasian
24 Chelyabinsk Region 39.57 Ural
25 Kursk region 37.80 Central
There are cities in the world with a large number population. And nothing else if the city occupies a large territory, and the population density in it is small. And if the city has very little land? It happens after all, that the country is small, but around the city there are rocks and the sea? So the city has to build up. At the same time, the population per square kilometer is growing rapidly. The city goes from simple to densely populated. We immediately note that it is population density that is taken into account here, while there are other ratings, where megacities are located by area, number of inhabitants, number of skyscrapers, as well as many other parameters. You can find most of these ratings on LifeGlobe. We will go directly to our list. So what are the biggest cities in the world?
Top 10 most populous cities in the world.
1. Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city in China and one of the largest cities in the world, located in the Yangtze River Delta. One of the four cities of the central subordination of the PRC, an important financial and cultural center of the country, as well as the world's largest seaport. By the beginning of the XX century. Shanghai has evolved from a small fishing town to China's most important city and the world's third financial center after London and New York. In addition, the city became the focus of popular culture, vice, intellectual disputes and political intrigue in Republican China. Shanghai is the financial and commercial center of China. Market reforms in Shanghai began in 1992, a decade later than in the southern provinces. Prior to this, most of the city's income went irrevocably to Beijing. Even after the tax relief in 1992, tax revenue from Shanghai accounted for 20-25% of revenue from all of China (before the 1990s, this figure was about 70%). Today Shanghai is the largest and most developed city in mainland China. In 2005, Shanghai became the world's largest port in terms of cargo turnover (443 million tons of cargo).
According to the 2000 census, the population of the whole of Shanghai (including the non-urban area) is 16.738 million, this figure also includes temporary residents in Shanghai, whose number is 3.871 million. Since the last census in 1990, the population of Shanghai has increased by 3.396 million or 25.5%. Men make up 51.4% of the city's population, women - 48.6%. Children under 14 years old make up 12.2% of the population, the age group 15-64 years old - 76.3%, the elderly over 65 - 11.5%. 5.4% of Shanghai's population is illiterate. In 2003, there were 13.42 million officially registered residents in Shanghai, and more than 5 million people. live and work informally in Shanghai, of which about 4 million are seasonal workers, mainly from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The average life expectancy in 2003 was 79.80 years (men - 77.78 years, women - 81.81 years).
Like many other regions in China, Shanghai is experiencing a construction boom. The modern architecture of Shanghai is distinguished by its unique style - in particular, the upper floors of high-rise buildings, occupied by restaurants, are shaped like flying saucers. Most of the buildings under construction in Shanghai today are high-rise residential buildings, varying in height, color and design. Organizations responsible for urban development planning are now increasingly focusing on the creation of green spaces and parks within residential complexes to improve the quality of life of Shanghainese people, which is in line with the slogan of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai: "The best city - better life". Historically, Shanghai was very westernized, and now it is again taking on the role of the main center of communication between China and the West. One example of this is the opening of the information center for the exchange of medical knowledge between Western and Chinese health institutions Pac-Med Medical Exchange. Pudong has houses and streets that are very similar to the business and residential areas of modern American and Western European cities. Nearby are major international shopping and hotel areas. Despite the high population density and a large number of visitors, Shanghai is known for its very low crime rate towards foreigners.
As of January 1, 2009, the population of Shanghai is 18,884,600, if the area of this city is 6,340 sq. km, and the population density is 2,683 people per sq. km.
2. Karachi
KARACHI, the largest city, the main economic center and seaport of Pakistan, is located near the Indus River Delta, 100 km from its confluence with the Arabian Sea. The administrative center of the province of Sindh. The population in 2004 is 10.89 million people. It arose at the beginning of the 18th century. on the site of the Baloch fishing village Kalachi. From the end of the 18th century under the rulers of Sind from the Talpur dynasty, it was the main Sindh maritime and trading center on the Arabian coast. In 1839 it became a naval base of Great Britain, in 1843-1847 - the capital of the province of Sindh, and then the main city of the region, which was part of the Bombay Presidency. Since 1936 - the capital of the province of Sindh. In 1947-1959 it was the capital of Pakistan. The favorable geographical position of the city, located in a convenient natural harbor, contributed to its rapid growth and development during the colonial period, and especially after the partition of British India into two independent states in 1947 - India and Pakistan.
The transformation of Karachi into the main political and economic center of the country led to rapid growth population, mainly due to the influx of immigrants from outside: for 1947-1955. from 350 thousand people up to 1.5 million people. Karachi is the largest city in the country and is one of the largest cities in the world. The main trade, economic and financial center of Pakistan, a seaport (15% of GDP and 25% of tax revenues to the budget). About 49% of the country's industrial production is concentrated in Karachi and its suburbs. Plants: a metallurgical plant (the largest in the country, built with the assistance of the USSR, 1975-85), oil refineries, machine-building, car assembly, ship repair, chemical, cement plants, enterprises of the pharmaceutical, tobacco, textile, food (sugar) industries (concentrated in several industrial zones : CITY - Sind Industrial Trading Estate, Landhi, Malir, Korangi, etc. The largest commercial banks, branches of foreign banks, central offices and branches of insurance companies, stock and cotton exchanges, offices of major trading companies (including foreign ones). International Airport (1992) Port of Karachi (handling over 9 million tons per year) serves up to 90% of the country's maritime trade and is the largest port in South Asia.
The largest cultural and scientific center: university, research institutions, Aga Khan University of Medical Sciences, Hamdard Foundation Center for Oriental Medicine, National Museum of Pakistan, Naval Forces Museum. Zoo (in the former City Gardens, 1870). Mausoleum of Qaid-i Azam M. A. Jinnah (1950s), University of Sindh (founded in 1951, M. Ecoshar), Art Center (1960). from local pink limestone and sandstone. The business center of Karachi - Shara-i-Faisal streets, Jinnah Road and Chandrigar Road with buildings mainly of the 19th-20th centuries: the High Court (early 20th century, neoclassical), the Pearl Continental Hotel (1962), architects W. Tabler and Z. Pathan), State Bank (1961, architects J. L. Ricci and A. Kayum). To the northwest of Jinnah Road is the Old Town with narrow streets, one- and two-story houses. In the south - the fashionable area of Clifton, built up mainly with villas. Buildings of the 19th century are also distinguished. in the Indo-Gothic style - Frere Hall (1865) and Express Market (1889). Saddar, Zamzama, Tarik Road are the main shopping streets of the city, where hundreds of shops and shops are located. A significant number of modern high-rise buildings, luxury hotels (Avari, Marriott, Sheraton) and shopping centers.
In 2009, the population of this city is 18,140,625, the area is 3,530 sq. km, the population density is 5,139 people. per km.sq.
3.Istanbul
One of the main reasons for the transformation of Istanbul into a world metropolis was the geographical position of the city. Istanbul, located at the intersection of 48 degrees north latitude and 28 degrees east longitude, is the only city in the world that is located on two continents. Istanbul lies on 14 hills, each of which has its own name, but now we will not bore you with listing them. The following should be noted - the city consists of three unequal parts, into which it is divided by the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn (a small bay 7 km long). On the European side: a historical peninsula located in the south of the Golden Horn, and in the north of the Golden Horn - the districts of Beyolu, Galata, Taksim, Besiktash, on the Asian side - the "New City". On the European continent there are numerous commercial and service centers, on the Asian - mostly residential areas.
Overall, Istanbul, 150 km long and 50 km wide, has an approximate area of 7,500 km. But no one knows its true borders, it is about to merge with the city of Izmit in the east. With continuous migration from villages (up to 500,000 per year), the population is intensively increasing. Every year, 1,000 new streets appear in the city, and new residential areas are built up in the west-east axis. The population is constantly increasing by 5% per year, i.e. doubles every 12 years. Every 5 resident of Turkey lives in Istanbul. The number of tourists visiting this marvelous city reaches 1.5 million. The population itself is not exactly known to anyone, officially, according to the latest census, 12 million people lived in the city, although now this figure has increased to 15 million, and some argue that 20 million people already live in Istanbul.
Tradition says that the founder of the city in the 7th century BC. there was a Megarian leader Byzant, to whom the Delphic oracle predicted where it would be better to arrange a new settlement. The place really turned out to be very successful - a cape between two seas - the Black and Marble, half in Europe, half in Asia. In the IV century AD. The Roman emperor Constantine chose the settlement of Byzantium to build the new capital of the empire, which was named Constantinople in his honor. After the fall of Rome in 410, Constantinople finally established itself as the undisputed political center of the empire, which since then was no longer called Roman, but Byzantine. The city reached its highest prosperity under the emperor Justinian. It was the center of fabulous wealth and incredible luxury. In the 9th century, the population of Constantinople numbered about a million people! The main streets had sidewalks and sheds, they were decorated with fountains and columns. It is believed that a copy of Constantinople architecture is represented by Venice, where bronze horses are installed on the portal of St.
In 2009, the population of this city is 16,767,433, the area is 2,106 sq. km, the population density is 6,521 people. per sq. km
4.Tokyo
Tokyo is the capital of Japan, its administrative, financial, cultural and industrial center. It is located in the southeastern part of the island of Honshu, on the Kanto plain in the bay of the Tokyo Bay of the Pacific Ocean. Area - 2 187 sq. km. Population - 15,570,000 people. The population density is 5,740 people/km2, the highest among the prefectures of Japan.
Officially, Tokyo is not a city, but one of the prefectures, more precisely, the metropolitan area, the only one in this class. Its territory, in addition to part of the island of Honshu, includes several small islands to the south of it, as well as the islands of Izu and Ogasawara. Tokyo District consists of 62 administrative divisions - cities, towns and rural communities. When they say "the city of Tokyo", they usually mean the 23 special districts included in the metropolitan area, which from 1889 to 1943 constituted the administrative unit of the city of Tokyo, and now they themselves are equated in status to cities; each has its own mayor and city council. The metropolitan government is headed by a popularly elected governor. The government headquarters is located in Shinjuku, which is the county's municipal seat. Tokyo is also home to the state government and the Tokyo Imperial Palace (the obsolete name is also used - Tokyo Imperial Castle) - the main residence of the Japanese emperors.
Although the Tokyo area was inhabited by tribes as early as the Stone Age, the city began to play an active role in history relatively recently. In the 12th century, a fort was built here by the local Edo warrior Taro Shigenada. According to tradition, he received the name Edo from his place of residence. In 1457, Ota Dokan, ruler of the Kanto region under the Japanese shogunate, built Edo Castle. In 1590, it was taken over by Ieyasu Tokugawa, the founder of the shogun clan. Thus, Edo became the capital of the shogunate, while Kyoto remained the imperial capital. Ieyasu created long-term management institutions. The city grew rapidly and XVIII century became one of the largest cities in the world. In 1615, Ieyasu's armies destroyed their opponents - the Toyotomi clan, thereby gaining absolute power for about 250 years. As a result of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the shogunate came to an end, in September, Emperor Mutsuhito moved the capital here, calling it the "Eastern Capital" - Tokyo. This sparked a debate whether Kyoto could still be the capital. In the second half of the 19th century, industry began to develop rapidly, followed by shipbuilding. Built in 1872 Railway Tokyo-Yokohama, in 1877 - Kobe-Osaka-Tokyo. Until 1869 the city was called Edo. On September 1, 1923, the largest earthquake (7-9 on the Richter scale) occurred in Tokyo and the surrounding area. Almost half of the city was destroyed, a strong fire broke out. About 90,000 people became victims. Although the reconstruction plan turned out to be very expensive, the city began to partially recover. The city was again seriously damaged during World War II. The city was subjected to massive air attacks. More than 100,000 inhabitants were killed in one raid alone. Lots of wooden buildings burned down, damaged the old Imperial Palace. After the war, Tokyo was occupied by the military, during the Korean War it became a major military center. Several American bases still remain here (Yokota military base, etc.). In the middle of the 20th century, the country's economy began to rapidly revive (which was described as the "Economic Miracle"), in 1966 it became the second largest economy in the world. The revival from war injuries was proved by the hosting of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, where the city showed itself favorably on the international stage. Since the 1970s, Tokyo has been flooded with a wave of labor from rural areas, which led to the further development of the city. By the end of the 1980s, it had become one of the most dynamically developing cities in the world. On March 20, 1995, there was a gas attack on the Tokyo subway using sarin. The attack was carried out by the religious sect Aum Shinrikyo. As a result, more than 5,000 people were injured, 11 of them died. Seismic activity in the Tokyo area has led to discussions about moving Japan's capital to another city. Three candidates named: Nasu (300 km north), Higashino (near Nagano, central Japan) and new town in the province of Mie, near Nagoya (450 km west of Tokyo). The government's decision has already been received, although no further action is being taken. At present, Tokyo continues to develop. Projects for the creation of artificial islands are being consistently implemented. The most notable project is Odaiba, which is now a major shopping and entertainment center.
5. Mumbai
The history of the emergence of Mumbai - a dynamic modern city, the financial capital of India and the administrative center of the state of Maharashtra - is quite unusual. In 1534, the Sultan of Gujarat ceded a group of seven useless islands to the Portuguese, who, in turn, gave them to the Portuguese princess Catharina of Braganza on her wedding day to King Charles II of England in 1661. In 1668, the British government surrendered the islands leased to the East India Company for 10 pounds of gold a year, and gradually Mumbai grew into a center of trade. In 1853, the first railway line in the subcontinent was laid from Mumbai to Thane, and in 1862, a colossal land management project turned the seven islands into a single whole - Mumbai embarked on the path of becoming the largest metropolis. During its existence, the city changed its name four times, and for those who are not an expert in geography, its former name, Bombay, is more familiar. Mumbai, after the historical name of the area, became known again in 1997. Today it is a lively city with a strong character: the largest industrial and commercial center, it is still actively interested in theater and other arts. Mumbai is also home to India's main film industry, Bollywood.
Mumbai is the most populated city India: In 2009, the population of the city was 13,922,125. Together with satellite cities, it forms the fifth largest urban agglomeration in the world with a population of 21.3 million people. The area occupied by Greater Mumbai is 603.4 square meters. km. The city stretched along the coast of the Arabian Sea for 140 km.
6. Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina, the administrative, cultural and economic center of the country and one of the largest cities in South America.
Buenos Aires is located at a distance of 275 km from the Atlantic Ocean in a well-protected bay of La Plata Bay, on the right bank of the Riachuelo River. The average air temperature in July is +10 degrees, and in January +24. The amount of precipitation in the city is - 987 mm per year. The capital is located in the northeastern part of Argentina, on a flat area, in a subtropical natural zone. The natural vegetation of the surroundings of the city is represented by species of trees and grasses typical of meadow steppes and savannahs. The large Buenos Aires includes 18 suburbs, the total area is 3646 square kilometers.
The population of the Argentine capital proper is 3,050,728 (2009 estimate) people, which is 275 thousand (9.9%) more than it was in 2001 (2,776,138, census). In total, the urban agglomeration, including numerous suburbs immediately adjacent to the capital, is home to 13,356,715 (2009 estimate). Residents of Buenos Aires have a half-joking nickname - porteños (lit. residents of the port). The population of the capital and suburbs is rapidly increasing, including due to the immigration of guest workers from Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru and other neighboring countries. The city is very multiethnic, but the main division of communities occurs along class lines, and not along racial lines, as in the United States. The majority of the population are Spaniards and Italians, descendants of both the settlers of the Spanish colonial period 1550-1815 and the larger wave of European immigrants to Argentina in 1880-1940. About 30% are mestizos and representatives of other nationalities, among which communities stand out: Arabs, Jews, British, Armenians, Japanese, Chinese and Koreans, there is also a large number of immigrants from neighboring countries, primarily from Bolivia and Paraguay, recently from Korea , China and Africa. During the colonial period, groups of Indians, mestizos and Negro slaves were noticeable in the city, gradually dissolving into the southern European population, although their cultural and genetic influences are still felt today. Thus, the genes of modern residents of the capital are quite mixed compared to white Europeans: on average, the genes of the inhabitants of the capital are 71.2% European, 23.5% Indian and 5.3% African. At the same time, depending on the quarter, African impurities vary from 3.5% to 7.0%, and Indian from 14.0% to 33%. . The official language in the capital is Spanish. Other languages - Italian, Portuguese, English, German and French - are now practically out of use as mother tongues due to the massive assimilation of second-generation immigrants. half of XIX- early XX centuries., but are still taught as foreign. During the period of the mass influx of Italians (especially Neapolitans), a mixed Italian-Spanish sociolect lunfardo spread in the city, gradually disappearing, but leaving traces in the local language variant of the Spanish language (See Spanish in Argentina). Among the believing population of the city, the majority are adherents of Catholicism, a small part of the inhabitants of the capital profess Islam and Judaism, but in general, the level of religiosity is extremely low, as the secular-liberal way of life prevails. The city is divided into 47 administrative districts, the division was originally based on reference to Catholic parishes, and remained so until 1940.
7. Dhaka
The name of the city is formed from the name of the Hindu goddess of fertility Durga or from the name of the tropical tree Dhaka, which gives valuable resin. Dhaka is located on the northern bank of the turbulent Buriganda River almost in the center of the country and looks more like the legendary Babylon than the modern capital. Dhaka is a river port in the delta of the Ganges Brahmaputra, as well as a center for water tourism. Despite the fact that travel by water is quite slow, water transport in the country is well developed, safe and widely used. The oldest section of the city, lying north of the coastline, is an ancient trading center for the Mughal Empire. In the Old City there is an unfinished fortress - Fort LaBad, dating from 1678, which houses the mausoleum of Bibi Pari (1684). It is also worth paying attention to more than 700 mosques, including the famous Hussein Dalan, located in the old City. Now the old City is a vast area between the two main water transport terminals, Sadarghat and Badam Tole, where the impressions of observing everyday life the rivers are especially charming and interesting. Also in the old part of the city there are traditional large oriental bazaars.
The population of the city is 9,724,976 inhabitants (2006), with suburbs - 12,560 thousand people (2005).
8. Manila
Manila is the capital and main city of the Central Region of the Republic of the Philippines, which occupies the Philippine Islands in the Pacific Ocean. In the west, the islands are washed by the South China Sea, in the north they are adjacent to Taiwan through the Bashi Strait. Located on the island of Luzon (the largest in the archipelago), the metropolis of Manila includes, in addition to Manila itself, four more cities and 13 municipalities. The name of the city comes from two Tagalog (local Filipino) words "may" meaning "to be" and "nilad" - the name of the original settlement located on the banks of the Pasig River and the bay. Prior to the conquest of Manila by the Spaniards in 1570, Muslim tribes lived on the islands, who were intermediaries in the trade of the Chinese with South Asian merchants. After a fierce struggle, the Spaniards occupied the ruins of Manila, which the natives set on fire to escape the invaders. After 20 years, the Spaniards returned and built defensive structures. In 1595, Manila became the capital of the Archipelago. From that time until the 19th century, Manila was the center of trade between the Philippines and Mexico. With the arrival of Europeans, the Chinese were limited in free trade and repeatedly rebelled against the colonists. In 1898, the Americans invaded the Philippines, and after several years of war, the Spaniards ceded their colony to them. Then the American-Philippine war began, which ended in 1935 with the independence of the islands. During the period of US domination, several enterprises of the light and food industries, oil refineries, and the production of building materials were opened in Manila. Second world war The Philippines were occupied by the Japanese. The state gained its final independence in 1946. Currently, Manila is the main seaport, financial and industrial center of the country. The plants and factories of the capital produce electrical engineering, chemicals, clothes, foodstuffs, tobacco, etc. The city has several low-price markets and shopping centers that attract visitors from all over the Republic. In recent years, the role of tourism has been growing.
In 2009, the population of this city is 12,285,000.
9 Delhi
Delhi is the capital of India, a city of 13 million people that most travelers cannot miss. A city in which all the classic Indian contrasts are fully manifested - grandiose temples and dirty slums, bright holidays of life and quiet death in the gateways. A city in which it is difficult for a simple Russian person to live for more than two weeks, after which he will begin to quietly go crazy - incessant movement, general fuss, noise and din, an abundance of dirt and poverty will be a good test for you. Like any city with a thousand-year history, Delhi has many interesting places worthy of a visit. Most of them are located in two districts of the city - Old and New Delhi, between which there is the Pahar Ganj area, where most independent travelers (Main Bazaar) stop. Among the most interesting sights of Delhi include Jama Masjid Mosque, Lodhi Garden, Humayun Tomb, Qutab Minar, Lotus Temple, Lakshmi Narayana Temple ), the military fortresses of Lal Qila and Purana Qila.
For 2009, the population of this city is 11,954,217
10. Moscow
The city of Moscow is a huge metropolis, consisting of nine administrative districts, which include one hundred and twenty administrative districts, on the territory of Moscow there are many parks, gardens, forest parks.
The first written mention of Moscow dates back to 1147. But the settlements on the site of the modern city were much earlier, in a time remote from us, according to some historians, by 5 thousand years. However, all this belongs to the realm of legends and conjectures. No matter how everything happens, but in the XIII century Moscow is the center of an independent principality, and by the end of the XV century. it becomes the capital of the emerging unified Russian state. Since then, Moscow has been one of the largest cities in Europe. For centuries, Moscow has been an outstanding center of all-Russian culture, science, and art.
The largest city in Russia and Europe in terms of population (population as of July 1, 2009 - 10.527 million people), the center of the Moscow urban agglomeration. It is also one of the ten largest cities in the world.
