Plasticineography as a means of developing the creative abilities of children with disabilities. Basic techniques for modeling from plasticine

Modeling from plasticine is a fun and useful activity. Usually, children like to sculpt. The main thing here is that they succeed (especially when they are just starting their career as “sculptors”).

The fact that modeling develops hands and fingers is self-evident. But it also develops thinking – both spatial and logical. After all, in order to sculpt an object, you need to analyze its shape; if the object is complex, then break it down into simple components, and then combine it all, synthesize it back. It's almost geometry! Speaking of geometry.

It is by doing modeling that it is easiest to understand the difference between a ball and a circle, a cube and a square. In addition, by dividing plasticine into parts, the child naturally masters the concept of part-whole.

Well, so that modeling from plasticine also broadens the child’s horizons - this is the task of the parents. There are a lot of opportunities for this. Talk to the children about modeling objects, tell them something interesting, read.

You don't need a lot of equipment to practice sculpting. All you need is a modeling board, a stack (it is usually included in the kit) and, of course, the plasticine itself. But we should not forget that modeling is a rather “dirty” business. And so that instead of joy, plasticine does not bring you frustration and conflicts, make sure that the table is covered with paper or oilcloth. If you have a carpet on the floor, cover it too - small pieces of plasticine during the work process may unnoticeably fall to the floor, they will be crushed and the carpet is unlikely to be revived. And, I would like to remind you that if the carpet, furniture or something else extremely expensive and important is damaged, then you are to blame for this, not the child. He still cannot organize his own activities correctly. workplace. After finishing work, you can clean the modeling board or other dirty surfaces using a stack. There is no point in washing something stained with plasticine with water. It is better to wipe with great force with a dry paper napkin.

Do not break or immediately disassemble your child’s crafts! Let it stand in the apartment, let your baby show off everything, everything, everything. You should remove the toy unnoticed when the child has already forgotten about it.

But let's return to the basic sculpting techniques. First of all, you need to learn how to create simple geometric bodies.

Modeling simple geometric bodies.

First of all, let's learn how to roll a BALL.

Let's take a piece of plasticine, knead it, place it on one palm, cover the second one on top and make circular movements, periodically turning the future ball until it becomes round.

You can also roll the ball on the board with one hand. But the first method is preferable for children.

If the ball is very small, for example, for an eye, then it should be rolled between the thumb and forefinger.

From the ball you can make an oblong ball - ELLIPSOID.

If we cut the ball into a stack, we get new figure– HEMISPHERE.

You can also get a CONE from the ball.

You can also make a SAUSAGE ROLLER in your palms or on a board. Thick and short rollers can be molded in the palms of your hands. Knead a piece of plasticine, place it between your palms and roll the plasticine back and forth until you get the desired length.

It’s easy to make from a roller and RIBBON-STRIPS. To do this, you just need to flatten the roller. We already looked at flattening methods when we made flatbreads.

You can make these figures simpler by cutting them out in a stack from a whole piece of plasticine.

Now let's talk about CONNECTING PARTS. You and your child will use two main methods. The first method is STICKING. Everything is very simple. The parts are overlapped and lightly pressed. At the same time, the elements remain, as it were, “separate” from each other.

Methods and techniques for sculpting various objects depending on the developmental characteristics of children.

Modeling is a type of visual activity in which objects are conveyed three-dimensionally, three-dimensionally, using soft plastic materials (clay, plasticine, dough). Modeling from hard materials called sculpting.

IN kindergarten Plasticine and clay are mainly used.

They start modeling at the age of 2. Type of modeling – subject.

IN middle group– plot modeling, two objects (for example, a bun met a hare).

IN senior group– decorative modeling that requires decoration.

IN preparatory group– all types of modeling.

First comes acquaintance baby with the material and its properties . The child masters plastic materials and makes new “discoveries.” He explores not only the properties, but also the scope of his influence on the material. It turns out that he can tear off, pinch off, unscrew from a whole piece a small piece of clay or plasticine, which is easily changed as a result of certain actions. To do this, you need to crumple it, or flatten it, or roll it up, or stretch it, or do something else. You can press it to another piece, and it will not fall, it will stick, it is easily smeared on paper or on a board. You can scratch or draw something on it, and then smooth it over, and the scratched pattern will disappear. In experimentation, the child acts as a kind of researcher, independently influencing different ways on the objects and phenomena surrounding him in order to understand and master them.

After becoming familiar with plastic materials further steps in mastering modeling can be small or large, even skipping " The child makes them independently with the gentle help and support of an adult. Each child has his own pace and his own “path,” even if it is trampled in kindergarten next to other children.

Common to all children, a fundamentally important achievement - appearance in the modeling of the image . The figurative principle is the specificity of any type of artistic activity, including modeling.

How to create a cylindrical shape and how it can be modified

A “sausage” or roller is the first shape that a child can sculpt on his own already at the age of 1-1.5 years.

In the future, he improves his skill - he rolls out long and short, thick and thin, single-color and multi-color rollers. And, of course, he sculpts for a reason, but because these are pencils, sticks, carnations, candies, a fence, trees and much more. By the age of 2.5-3 years, the child begins to pay more attention to the form and tries to convey it more accurately. He modifies the cylinder in all ways available to him and turns it into a donut, a snail, or a pyramid.

How to get a cylindrical shape

roll out a piece of plasticine (clay, dough) in your palms with longitudinal movements back and forth;

roll out a piece of plasticine with one palm onto hard surface straight movements;

roll out a piece of plasticine with the tips of two fingers (thumb and forefinger); With this method, very small cylinders and thin flagella are obtained.

How to Convert a Cylinder Shape

roll into a ring (bagel, bagel, pyramid rings, wheels, hoop);

twist into a spiral (balls, snail, flower, snake);

flatten into a ribbon (leaf, scarf);

roll into a cone (carrot, cap);

twist or weave 2-3 “sausages” (braid, plant, column).

How to create a spherical shape and how it can be changed

The ball is another shape that a child masters in early childhood. Kids enjoy making candies, berries, apples and “treating” their toys with them. It should be noted that the technique of making a ball is more difficult than creating a cylindrical shape, as it requires more precise and coordinated coordination of the movements of both hands.

How to get a spherical shape

roll out a piece of plasticine (clay, dough) in a circular motion;

roll out a piece of plasticine with one palm on a hard surface;

roll out a piece of plasticine with the tips of two fingers; With this method, very small balls are obtained (“eyes”, “nose”, etc.).

How to transform the ball shape

pull out slightly on both sides and roll out an ovoid or ellipse (kinder surprise, balloon, melon);

pull on one side (pear, matryoshka);

roll out and bend if necessary (banana, cucumber); flatten between your palms into a disk (wheel, flatbread);

roll into a cone (ice cream, pyramid);

some shapes, such as a cone, can be created from either a cylinder or a sphere;

flatten on one side into a hemisphere (gingerbread, beetles);

make a depression with your fingers or a pencil (mushroom cap, cup, vase).

The shapes of a ball, a cylinder and forms derived from them are a kind of “alphabet” of modeling, on the basis of which the child begins to “read” and independently create any “works”, gradually mastering the technique of modeling.

Visual activities in kindergarten: basic modeling techniques.

Basic sculpting techniques

Modeling lesson in kindergarten

For harmonious development individual personality It is very important to introduce a child to the world of beauty through visual arts (drawing, modeling, appliqué).
In modeling classes, you should consolidate the ability to sculpt familiar objects by passing them on characteristics, for example, sculpting a human and animal figure in motion, creating simple compositions. The fine muscles of children's hands are sufficiently developed that they can carefully draw out small details and smooth out transitions. During modeling, children should be given the opportunity to use various modeling techniques during the lesson, combine plasticine and natural materials or additional material.
Teacher directing children's activities, directs their attention to the subtlety and thoroughness of finishing crafted items and objects. Children can depict the smallest details with stacks (eyes, mouth). Children can change the position of animal and human body parts when sculpting, this allows them to convey movements.
Before class it is also important preliminary work, looking at images of the objects you are going to sculpt, characteristic features, shapes, colors.
This will help to give expressiveness and truthfulness when doing the work. It is also very important to interest children, creating an emotional mood (using a surprise moment, riddles, poems, the appearance of a fairy-tale character.
Children are taught to create images both in parts and from a whole piece of plasticine. This method is called plastic. In classes, children are taught to convey relationships by the size of parts. Children easily learn clear example that animals have four legs arranged in pairs, the body seems to lie on the front and hind legs. Gradually, children master the methods of sculpting the faces of different animals: hare, fox, wolf, bear, etc.
During the learning process, the teacher must direct children's attention to comparing and identifying the similarities and differences between different animals. To do this, the teacher selects appropriate toys, pictures depicting different animals, the children take a good look at them and then they compare how they are similar and how they are different.
The work process begins with the teacher’s advice and children’s suggestions for creating work, an example image shows. Next, the children begin to sculpt their works. The teacher can pay attention to a successfully started craft and direct the actions of children who need support and help. When working, you should pay attention to the right colors and interesting details.
After finishing the work, the teacher gives an assessment (at the same time he gives only a positive assessment and praises the children). The child should be happy with the result obtained, learn to evaluate his own work and the work of other children in order to see similarities with nature, notice new things and see his mistakes.
The following sculpting methods are used in sculpting classes.

1. Constructive - modeling an object from individual parts.
2. Plastic - the details of the object are pulled out from a whole piece of plasticine.
3. Combined - combination in one product different ways sculpting.
4. Relief sculpture - a three-dimensional image protruding above the plane.
Types of relief: bas-relief, high relief, counter-relief.
Sculpting techniques:
1. Roll up plasticine balls, place them between your palms and make circular movements;
2. rolling out the columns by moving your palms back and forth on the board;
3. flattening or flattening balls and columns between fingers or palms;
4. pinching or pulling: pinch the plasticine between two fingers and pull lightly;
5. pulling out individual parts from a whole piece;
6. pressing indentations on the surface of the mold with your thumb;
7. connecting parts into a single whole and smoothing the joints;
8. flattening the bottom of the mold;
9. drawing on plasticine using the counter-relief method using a stack or a pointed stick;
10. decorating crafts with various additional and natural materials;
11. decorating an object with parts molded from plasticine;
12. mixing several colors in one piece of plasticine.
Examples of children's work made from plasticine

1. Origin of plasticine…………………………….

2. Qualities of plasticine……………………………………

3. Types of plasticine……………………………………….

4. Plasticine crow…………………………………

II. Practical part of the study

1. Rules of conduct and precautions when working with plasticine………………………………………

2. Tools for sculpting

3. Basic techniques for modeling from plasticine………………

4. Making plasticine at home

5. Mixing plasticine………………………………..

III. The influence of modeling on the development of a child

Conclusion………………………………………………………..

Bibliography…………………………………………………….

Application……………………………………………………….

INTRODUCTION

Plasticine is a material familiar to everyone since childhood, in itself a storehouse for fantasy and imagination. And if you combine it with sleight of hand, then everything can be revived, giving plasticine a second life.

I chose this topic for my work because I wanted to know what plasticine consists of, what secrets it contains, what can be made from it, and what benefits can be obtained from working with this material.

The object of my research is ordinary plasticine. The hypothesis I put forward: “Working with plasticine benefits children. This The best way express and prove yourself!”

Tasks:

1. Find and study literature, Internet resources and illustrations that are related to the topic of the research work.

2. Outline the definition of plasticine, its history, characteristics, properties and applications.

3. Make plasticine at home.

4. Make your own crafts from plasticine.

Methods and techniques for working with plasticine - studying literature and Internet resources related to the topic of research work, self-production plasticine and crafts.

The significance of my work lies in the fact that the collected material as a result of the research can be used in technology and art lessons.

Theoretical part of the study

1. Origin of plasticine

Word plasticine originates from the Italian word plastilina, and from the Greek plastos, meaning stucco. Where is the birthplace of plasticine and who is its inventor? Plasticine has been around for over half a century, and was first called “play dough.” Its original composition included purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of natural or mineral wax - ozokerite, lard and other substances that prevent drying.

There are two versions of the origin of the plasticine we use now. First version. Plasticine became known to the world in the 19th century, when Franz Kolba and William Harbut ( Annex 1) received patents in Germany (for the model mass “Plastilin” in 1880) and in Great Britain (for the non-drying clay “Plasticine” in 1899)

William Harbut was a teacher at the art school. In 1897, he developed a material that would not dry out when students created sculptures.

Initially, plasticine was used for educational purposes, but after six Kharbut children filled the house with plasticine crafts, the right decision. In 1900, Kharbut opened his factory, where he began industrial production plasticine, bye gray. Later they began to produce it in four colors, adding vegetable dyes to the composition. The factory operated until the fire in 1968, after which production was moved to Thailand.

Plasticine by Franz Kolb can still be found on the shelves as “Munich art plasticine”.

Second version. We have Joe McVicker of Cincinnati to thank for the clay. While working in a chemical factory, he patented a non-toxic wallpaper cleaner. He sent a sample of this substance to his relative, who worked as a kindergarten teacher. A woman replaced ordinary modeling clay with new material, which was more flexible and did not get your hands dirty.

2. Quality of plasticine

Plasticine is a material with rich artistic possibilities. Modeling, modeling, and appliqué develop imagination, observation and artistic taste. Once in the hands of plasticine, it can come to life and take on various shapes, and images and stories that can be fashioned from it begin to appear in your head. There is a creative quest in this, an opportunity to achieve more perfect results.

Plasticine is actively used by children in creativity. The material owes its popularity to the following qualities:

Wide range of creative possibilities. Thanks to plasticine’s plasticity, you can sculpt anything from cute little animals to complex professional works. At the same time, the color variety of the material allows you to fully realize any idea.

Possibility of adjustment. If, in order to correct the drawn picture, you need to take new leaf paper and draw again; with plasticine, adjustment issues are simpler. The “failed” part can simply be sculpted again, without the need to correct the rest of the creation. This is very important for children.

Safety. Due to its texture, plasticine is one of the safest materials for children's creativity. For sculpting, you don’t need sharp scissors that can cut you. When working with it, it is impossible to get a splinter, as when working with wood. You cannot hit it, get burned, etc.

Development of personal qualities. Working with plasticine teaches children attentiveness and accuracy, and contributes to the development of children's imagination. At the same time, this is excellent entertainment, a hobby that you can do not only alone, but also with classmates, friends or parents.

Plasticine develops fine motor skills, spatial thinking, and perseverance.

3. Types of plasticine

Plasticine can be simple, sculptural, floating, jumping, wax, pearlescent, fluorescent, ball, hardening plasticine, in blocks, in sausages, in cells and in buckets.

Ordinary plasticine made from purified and crushed clay powder and substances that prevent it from drying out: wax, animal fat, ozokerite (a mineral similar to beeswax), petroleum jelly, they maintain its plasticity and softness. Regular plasticine comes in a variety of colors, but it should be noted that the more clay it contains, the less vibrant its colors.

Wax . Due to its wax base, it is softer and more flexible than usual and is safe when used for its intended purpose. Pieces of wax plasticine reliably stick to each other, it is excellent for makingplasticine panels .

Ball plasticine. Its mass consists of very light small balls, which are connected to each other with an almost invisible adhesive. Its structure perfectly hides small irregularities in children's crafts. This plasticine does not stick to hands or clothes at all, and has a variety of colors - from rich fluorescent to delicate pastel shades. Ball plasticine can be different types: drying and non-drying, regular and fine-grained. Crafts made from ball plasticine are durable, as it hardens in air for several hours. As in ordinary plasticine, colors can be mixed with each other, each time getting more and more new shades, which gives enormous scope for your imagination and creative ideas. Bright colors create a festive mood, so it’s convenient to make small souvenirs from ball plasticine for relatives and friends.

Floating plasticine. Products from floating plasticine It’s fun to play in the bathtub - having molded a ship, you can send it on a real voyage, or you can arrange a “storm” for plasticine ships or place ducks and other waterfowl in a basin of water. In order for the figurine to float on the surface of the water, its base must be flat and wide, and the remaining parts must be balanced.

Jumping plasticine It’s very pliable and stretches well; you just need to warm it up a little in your hands and it’s ready to go. But the most interesting thing about this plasticine is that, when it cools down, it bounces off the surface like a ball. You can then actively play with crafts made from such plasticine.

Hardening plasticine, characterized by bright colors, plasticity and lightness. Such material hardens within 24 hours, and a figurine fashioned from it turns into a toy or figurine. This plasticine is great for creating your own collection of cars or jewelry, as well as for decorative design various items– photo frames, boxes, etc. Using hardening plasticine, any child can make an amazing gift for family and friends with their own hands. When working with hardening plasticine, it should be taken into account that if the individual parts of the figure have already dried, they may not stick well to each other - in this case, they are secured using pieces of wire or matches.

There is plasticine professional– sculptural . It is an unassuming grayish-greenish color, sold in highly specialized stores quite large volumes. This type of plasticine is used in art schools and colleges.

Plasticine has the properties of crumpling, rolling, flattening, tearing, acquiring varying degrees softness depending on temperature.

4. Plasticine crow

To this day, adults remember and enjoy watching the cartoon about the plasticine crow. The film clearly demonstrates what miracles can be achieved when working with plasticine. A crow (or maybe a cow, or maybe a dog...) has always caused great delight. Indeed, the years have not aged this cartoon at all, which not only adults, but even toddlers will understand. The janitor, who later migrated to the completely plasticine cartoon “Last Year’s Snow Was Falling,” became almost a national hero. Just like the crow, who cannot decide not only on its place of residence (spruce or palm tree), time of day, but also, in fact, biological species. It is worth noting this interesting fact: the creation of this wonderful cartoon took 800 kg of Soviet plasticine, which had to be painted with paints due to the faded colors. And in the northern capital, a monument to the “Plasticine Crow” appeared; it was installed in the Rodina children’s cinema center in memory of the author of the cartoon A. Tatarsky. The plasticine crow looks exactly like in the cartoon: the bird sits on an antique column and holds a “spinner” and a piece of cheese in its hands. The height of the sculpture is about 30 cm.

Practical part of the study

1. Rules of conduct and precautions when working with plasticine

When working with plasticine, you should make sure that it does not fall on the floor, but it is best to cover the floor with old newspapers, which you can then simply throw away and save yourself from the need to clean stuck plasticine from the carpet and floor.

Modeling should be done only on a special board.

You should not put plasticine in your mouth, and while sculpting you should not touch your face, eyes or clothes with your hands.

An important item is a rag , which, after work, wipes working tools and hands from plasticine. It should be made of soft cotton fabric that easily absorbs plasticine.

After working with plasticine, you should thoroughly wash your hands with soap and dry them with a dry towel. Do not touch notebooks, books and other accessories with hands dirty from plasticine, as greasy stains will remain on the objects.

1. Modeling tools

Plastic or wooden stacks are used as tools for creating crafts different sizes, tubes, wheels with teeth for working out details, as well as pastry syringes for squeezing out soft material.

M
Christmas tree details on plasticine blanks, thin veins on leaves, eyes, patterned lines, etc. are inconvenient to do in stacks, and it is better to use a sharpened pencil or toothpick for this.

Plastic rolling pin - a wonderful tool that is very convenient for rolling out plasticine into thin plates. Such rolling pins can be included with plasticine or sold separately.

H
Often a rolling pin comes with a set of plastic or metal molds . They can be made in the form of figures of various animals, as well as leaves, fruits, vegetables, etc. Ready-made molds are an excellent option for those who like to create pictures from plasticine. In addition, the molds will help you make figures from hardening plasticine, which can then be used to decorate any surfaces.

To roll out even and long plasticine flagella or rollers, a wooden or plastic board is useful. . To obtain a relief surface, you can use a plastic comb , which is convenient for applying, for example, waves on a plasticine picture or drawing a tree trunk.

Basic techniques for modeling from plasticine

Before you start modeling from plasticine, you should learn its basic techniques, such as rolling, rolling, flattening, pinching, pulling and smoothing, etc. Mastering them will help you create the necessary shapes and give the figures the appropriate position.

Rolling up. Place a piece of plasticine between your palms, press slightly and perform circular movements to form a ball. The ball must be turned periodically to make it round.

Rolling out. Allows you to turn a plasticine ball into an egg or cylinder. Roll the ball and transform it into a cylinder using straight-line hand movements. You can get an egg if you place your hands at an angle relative to each other and roll them out.

Flattening. To get a flat cake or disk, first roll it into a ball, then squeeze it tightly between your palms, or press it against the table with your palm.

Topping. Gives a certain texture to the surface of the product, which is necessary when making small parts on a large model. To do this, grab a little plasticine with your fingers connected and release it, giving it the desired shape.

Pulling back. It is similar to the previous technique, but after gripping the plasticine, it is pulled back and a new element or part is formed.

Smoothing. Used to create a smooth transition from one part to another when connecting and for rounding. Performed with fingers or a stack. At the same time, you can remove excess plasticine

Cutting. Dividing a bar with a stack or cutter into separate pieces.

Compound. Applying and lightly pressing parts together. In this case, it is necessary to balance the force and prevent deformation of the parts.

Essential elements

A plasticine figurine can be molded in two ways: from a whole piece of plasticine or by combining several parts into one. A figurine made from one piece of plasticine is more stable than a figurine made from several parts and it is faster to mold than the same one, but made up of several simple elements. However, the use and combination of various parts when sculpting allows you to make the figures more complex and detailed.

Ball

It is best to roll the ball with your hands. You need to take a piece of plasticine, crush it a little in your hands so that it becomes plastic. Roll the prepared lump into a ball with your palms.

Roller

In order to roll up the roller, you also need to take a piece of plasticine and lightly knead it in your hands. Children usually roll the rollers in their palms, since they are not yet striving to make their crafts an ideal shape. To get a roller of a more even, almost ideal shape, you can roll the plasticine between the boards. Two planks, between which the plasticine lies, must make return movements, i.e. back and forth.

Cone

First you need to roll the ball, then roll it between the boards, pressing on one side. The cone can be made using your hands. Making a cone depends on the size of the piece of plasticine you take. If it is small, then take it between your index finger and thumb. Then, pressing on one end of the workpiece, roll it back and forth. If the piece of plasticine is large, then press one edge of the workpiece with the side of the brush and roll it back and forth. To level the cone, place it with its rounded base on the modeling board and press down.

Cake

First, roll the ball, crush it on the board using another board, evenly pressing it on top. The plasticine may crack slightly along the edges of the cake, then they can be given a more even shape with your hands, a stack or a mold of a suitable size.

Oblong ball

Take a ball and change the nature of your wrist movements. Let one palm remain motionless, and with the other roll the ball back and forth 2-3 times, applying very light pressure. The ball should stretch out a little.

Hemisphere

To make a hemisphere, simply take a stacking knife and cut the right ball in half.

Tourniquet

A tourniquet or flagellum is a necessary part large number toys. In order to perform this element, place a piece of plasticine on one palm. If the piece is large, then roll it back and forth with the other palm. If it's small, roll it out with your fingertips. Remember: the harder you press on the rope when rolling, the thinner it will be. Make sure that the bundle is even in thickness on all sides.

Strip

To make this element, simply flatten the rope. Try to keep the width of the strip the same along its entire length.

Cylinder

To perform this element, take a piece of plasticine between your index and thumb and roll it back and forth to form a thick rope. While still holding the workpiece, use the index finger and thumb of your other hand to press down on both ends of the rope to align. If you want the base to be more even, lightly press the rolled out rope with both ends onto the modeling board.

Cube

A cube can be molded in two ways: simple and complex. If you want a straight, even cube, it's much easier to make one using a stack knife. Take a piece of plasticine and cut off the excess.

Rectangle

A rectangle can be made based on a cube. Simply pull out any two sides by pressing on them with your fingers. You can also use a stacking knife and cut a rectangle from a single piece of plasticine.

Blanks for plasticine crafts

Layered plasticine. To get a puff pastry, you need to lay several colored plasticine cakes in layers on top of each other and cut them. You can alternate layers of regular, wax, mother-of-pearl plasticine, and plasticine with glitter. Layered plasticine can also be obtained in another way: wrap a roller of plasticine of one color with a plate of plasticine of a different color. The two-color roller is rolled out using a board. Then it can be wrapped in plasticine of a different color and rolled out again under the board. This will create a three-layer roller. Blanks obtained in this way are suitable for making flowers, which can then be used to create a composition or in an applique.

Twisted plasticine. To do this you need to twist two pieces of plasticine different color, pre-rolled into even rolls. The twisted workpiece can be rolled out with a board and cut into pieces, resulting in a rather interesting pattern.

Cutting out individual elements. To create an applique, make a simple bas-relief or a flat composition, you will need flat plasticine figures, for example leaves, berries, petals, outlines of animals or birds, etc. Such figures can be obtained using molds that are included in the plasticine set or sold separately. To do this, plasticine is rolled out into a thin, even plate and a silhouette is squeezed out of it with a mold. You can make a paper outline and use a stack to cut out a figure along the paper outline. In the fall, you can take a real leaf, roll it into plasticine with a roller, remove the leaf and cut it along the contour. You will get a leaf with veins.

In addition to modeling, plasticine can be used for drawing on paper or cardboard. To do this, the contours of the image are applied to the cardboard, which are then filled with plasticine of different colors. You can make paintings on transparent glass, and then lay out patterns on them from buckwheat, rice, peas, beans, beads, sparkles, pieces of multi-colored paper, etc. Can be coated glass jar plasticine and mold colorful fish, algae, stones, and then place it all inside a transparent glass jar and fill with water. This will make a great aquarium.

The creation of a plasticine masterpiece begins with a sketch, which is drawn with ordinary paints or pencils on a sheet of paper. Then the composition is transferred using crayons or a grid of coordinates onto the film and plasticine begins to be attached to it. At the same time, very often pictures are not “painted” with pure plasticine colors, but the desired shades are obtained by mixing two colors.

As the most common techniques for creating paintings, artists use methods rolling out, rolling, flattening And pinching. To make small parts, such as blades of grass or stems, use a regular medical syringe without a needle. In this case, immediately before squeezing out, the plasticine in the syringe warms up slightly in hot water or on the battery.

TO In addition to paintings and jewelry, gifted people who are passionate about sculptural modeling create from plasticine individual artistic figures of people, animals, heroes of fairy tales, comics, books, cartoons and films, as well as entire grandiose plasticine compositions from all of the listed characters. To prevent plasticine sculptures from breaking, toothpicks, matches, metal wire or simply thin wooden sticks are often used as a base or frame for them.

ABOUT Special mention should be made about plasticine soldiers. People who are truly in love with army attributes and try to recreate and capture them on long years historical military traditions, they make from ordinary plasticine armies of amazing beauty and scope from the times of Napoleon, the Great Patriotic War or the Roman Empire. They also create models of battles, for example, the Battle of the Ice, the Battle of Borodino or the Battle of Waterloo. At the same time, very often soldiers are not sculpted entirely, but individual parts are first made: arms, legs, head, torso, elements of clothing, and then they assemble all this like a construction set, placing it on metal carcass. Some enthusiastic people use gray plasticine rather than multi-colored plasticine and then paint the finished soldiers and cover them with a special varnish. In addition to human figures, plasticine artists also create military equipment: guns, tanks and, of course, horses.

Making plasticine at home

Plasticine can be easily made at home

(Annex 1)

For this we need:

400 gr. flour

200 gr. salt

500 ml boiling water

1 tablespoon "alann" (this is a powder similar to gelatin, it is not harmful and is sold in pharmacies)

1 tablespoon sunflower oil.

Mix flour, salt and "alann" in one cup, pour boiling water and stir quickly, avoiding the formation of lumps. Mix better with a mixer. After pouring the water, add a tablespoon of oil. Add food coloring to boiling water large quantities so that the color becomes beautiful and rich. When the mass becomes thick and the mixer can no longer turn, you need to knead the mass thoroughly, like dough.

And the plasticine is ready!
Homemade plasticine can be dried both in air and in microwave oven, varnish and even taste a little (salty!). Homemade plasticine, wrapped in a bag, can be stored in the refrigerator for about a month.

The most common form of plasticine is multi-colored blocks in a box. However, manufacturers have become more flexible and began to offer not only plasticine in sets, but also packaged in individual bags. This allows you to supplement your plasticine collection with the missing colors.

Mixing plasticine

Mixing plasticine is practically no different from mixing oil paints. In both cases, it is undesirable to use more than three colors, since otherwise a lump of indeterminate color will form. It is not advisable to mix 3 colors at once; it is best to first mix 2 colors until homogeneous, then add a third color to the result.

Color Mixing Chart:

Pink (for sculpting arms, legs, face) = 1/5 red + 4/5 white

Dark gray (for sculpting a wolf) = 3/5 black + 2/5 white

Light gray (for sculpting a bunny) = 7/8 white + 1/8 black

Light green (herbaceous) = 1/2 green + 1/2 yellow

Light green (for leaves) = 1/3 yellow + 2/3 green. If you add 1/5 white, you can use it to make young leaves.

Purple = 1/3 red + 3/3 blue.

Ocher = 1/ yellow + 1/2 brown

Marble: rolls of plasticine of different colors are twisted into a rope and lightly mixed, preventing the colors from being completely absorbed

The influence of modeling on the development of a child

Creating crafts from plasticine , the child learns to analyze shapes and sizes, observes, compares, and identifies similarities and differences between objects by size and location in space.

Spatial and figurative thinking, attention, imagination - processes that contribute to comprehensive development. The child passes every moment of creativity through his consciousness. Therefore, while performing the same task, children's work turns out completely different. After all, in every plasticine craft there is a piece of fantasy and love that is transmitted to us through the warmth of our hands.

D It is well known that the speech center and the center responsible for the movements of the fingers are located nearby in the human brain, and that the development of fine motor skills has a great influence on the development of speech and other abilities of the child. It has been noticed that children with developed fine motor skills have well-developed memory, they are able to concentrate on one activity, have patience and perseverance, abstract thinking and the ability to think logically develop, and coherent speech appears. Their coordination of movements is better developed, and children have a better command of everyday skills. All these skills give each child confidence in their abilities. He already knows a lot, which means he can also cope with new tasks.

Conclusion

My research came to an end, as a result of which the hypothesis was confirmed. Indeed, working with plasticine brings great benefit children.

From various sources I found out that anyone manual labor promotes the development of sensorimotor skills in children - consistency in the work of the eyes and hands, improvement of coordination of movements, flexibility and accuracy in performing actions. All this is important for preparing the hand for writing, for educational activities. And working with plasticine is also a creative pursuit and the development of imagination. When a child sculpts, he develops fine motor skills, fine movements of the fingers are improved, which, in turn, affects the development of speech and thinking. In addition, modeling has a beneficial effect on nervous system generally. And that is why excitable, noisy and active children are often recommended to engage in modeling.

After studying this information, I became interested, and I began to actively engage in modeling. My mother bought me several packs of plasticine at the store, and I sculpted something every day. This work actually turned out to be exciting and creative. Thanks to modeling, after a while I noticed that my handwriting had changed better side. I will definitely tell my classmates about this amazing discovery.

I now know all the secrets of plasticine, its amazing properties and qualities. This is an absolutely safe material created specifically for children's creativity.

I'm making the whole world out of plasticine!

I can do corn and raspberries,

And a barrel, and a dog, and a kitten,

And even a little kid.

And I’ll make the fish into a peacock...

And where can I get so much plasticine?..

Http://board.doshkolnik.ru

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