How and with what to insulate panel houses. Features of insulation of apartment facades

Panel buildings have weak heat-saving properties. To insulate them, it is worth using heat-saving materials of greater thickness than for houses made of wooden beam, brick. Insulation panel walls outside - best option, which will save up to 50% of heat indoors.

This option is attractive because you do not need to look for temporary housing during the renovation; after the work is completed, the cubic capacity of the apartment does not change. External insulation protects panel houses from freezing, thawing, moisture accumulation, and other atmospheric phenomena.

Preparing for insulation

Thermal insulation panel house outside is carried out by teams of craftsmen. This work can be mastered independently by those who are engaged in industrial mountaineering, that is, directly working as a high-altitude installer. Preparatory work before gluing the thermal insulation material look like this:

1. Check the tightness of the joints between the slabs of the building. If there are cracks, they are thoroughly cleaned of dust, debris, and dirt for subsequent sealing.
2. After cleaning, the joints are dried and primed. From the inside, the cracks are sealed with porous nairite, poroizol for maximum insulation.
3. When the joints are processed and sealed, they are primed again, then coated with bitumen mastic.
4. After the mastic has dried, begin cleaning the walls. They clean off old peeling plaster and paint, after which the surfaces are primed, which will improve the adhesion of the wall and the adhesive.

Tools that craftsmen use for their work:

• Equipment for industrial mountaineering;
• Bucket, perforator, shovel and drill for it, hammer;
• Umbrellas for attaching insulation, construction knife.

Insulation materials

External insulation of panel buildings is carried out using traditional materials:

• Glass wool is a fibrous material with good elasticity and strength. It is produced in slabs; when working with it, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment.
• Foam plastic - foamed plastic with low thermal conductivity, low price, ease of cutting and installation.

Modern thermal insulation materials have the advantages of their predecessors and new advantages. To carry out the work use:

• Polyurethane foam, initially liquid, after hardening, solid insulation, which is poured into the cracks, filling the smallest voids. Retains heat well, ideal for processing hard to reach places, after hardening it forms a monolithic seamless surface.
• Extruded polystyrene foam, which has frost resistance, low thermal conductivity, and does not absorb water.
• Basalt wool produced from basalt rocks. It is environmentally friendly and has a service life of up to 40 years.
• Mineral wool is a fibrous insulation made from silicates, slag, and rocks. Attracts with its environmental friendliness and ease of installation.

Advantages of external thermal insulation of panel houses

• The wall becomes aesthetically pleasing appearance.
• Mechanical and shrinkage deformations of panels are reduced.
• Temperature fluctuations in the structure are reduced.
• Water absorption of surfaces is reduced, providing an optimal microclimate inside the home.
• The insulation prevents the destruction of structures, creating a reliable moisture barrier.
• Sealing the seams between the slabs increases the heat capacity of the structure and ensures maximum sound and vibration absorption.

Exterior insulation technology for a panel house

Insulation of the facade and end walls panel houses held:

• Dry method, including installation of a heat shield on the outer surface of the building.
• Wet method with the application of liquid construction mixtures, for example, decorative plaster.
• Combined, including both of the above technologies.

The advantages of the wet method are that the material is applied in a continuous layer, preventing the formation of cold bridges on the surface of the walls. Decorative plasters give buildings an attractive appearance.

Advantages of the dry method - a wide range of heat insulating materials, insulation options. The heat shield is strong, durable, and weather resistant.

Work process

After the inspection and processing of the joints between the panels, they proceed directly to cladding the walls and insulating the panel house from the outside. Most often, polystyrene foam sheets are used as the material. For gluing insulation, ready-made construction adhesives are used. They are applied to polystyrene foam boards, after which they are attached tightly to each other.

Laying begins from the bottom up; if necessary, a level limiter is installed at the bottom. Using rotational movements, distribute the adhesive mixture evenly under the sheet. Another way is to apply the insulation, moving it to the side a couple of centimeters, then, lightly pressing on the sheet, move it to the desired place. Until the adhesive mixture has dried, the sheets are secured with plastic umbrella dowels using a hammer and a hammer drill.

Important: The length of the dowel must be equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 6 cm. For 1 m2 you will need 4 “umbrellas. You should not use metal dowels, which can easily become cold bridges, reducing the temperature inside the home.”

Then, using a spatula, mount it on top thermal insulation materials reinforcing mesh, which begins to be glued from the end and front corners of the building. The adhesive mixture is applied to the surface, a reinforcing mesh is placed on top with an overlap of 10 cm, pressing it 2-3 mm into the glue. After this, level the plane with a 2nd layer of glue. When the glue dries, begin finishing the walls on the outside.

Thermal insulation using new materials using modern technologies

The walls of panel buildings today are insulated from the outside with polyurethane foam or penoplex.

Polyurethane foam is not afraid of temperature changes and high humidity. It is available in panels standard width 1.115 m, arbitrary length, thickness - from 25 to 100 mm. The boards can be with a foil layer, coated with paper and cached polyethylene, or paper interspersed with foil. The panels are glued to adhesive mixtures, used for the installation of penoplex, can be reinforced on top with mushroom-shaped screws.

Penoplex is many times denser than polystyrene foam, is non-flammable, and has high density. Available in slabs 12060 cm thick, 2-10 cm thick, sometimes with foil on one side. It is laid outside the panel walls as desired, vertically, horizontally, secured with umbrella screws.

Important: If you use penoplex, you should pay attention that ceramic tile does not adhere well to its surface. For reliable adhesion, heavy-duty adhesives are used.

• Before laying thermal insulation material, the walls should be treated with antifungal compounds.
• Whatever work is carried out, it is worth using a building level.
• Thermal insulation outside is more effective than similar work indoors.
• In parallel with the thermal insulation of the walls, it is worth sealing the cracks in the window openings, under the window sill, and glazing the balcony. This will significantly improve the indoor microclimate.
• Additionally, installing a “warm floor” system inside the apartment will help to insulate the walls.

Options for insulating walls of panel houses

Modern technologies present two options for insulating wall surfaces apartment building: inside and outside. Both options will solve the problem of low room temperature and rapid losses heat. IN panel houses They installed more cast iron radiators with excellent heating qualities, but due to the thinness of the walls and their direct contact with frosty air, the efficiency of the radiators is significantly reduced.

Both options are suitable for this, but their implementation is radically different, so it is necessary to determine a simpler and more economical one that you can do yourself.

External insulation

Insulation of the facade of a panel house is carried out in the following stages:

Preparatory stage

Facade surface preparation is necessary - leveled end walls panel house, slabs are cleaned of plaque

It is also important to seal voids and cracks; panel joints are sealed. If necessary, it is worth laying a sealant between the joints, while special mastic is used to seal cracks

Unevenness of the surface of the walls within two centimeters is allowed - such a deviation does not need to be repaired. When all materials are dry, the wall is impregnated universal primer, which is applied using a spray or roller.

Installation of insulation

Since in the vast majority of cases foam plastic is used for thermal insulation of panel houses, it is worth considering the technology for installing this insulation. You can fix the foam using the following methods: placing the slabs on glue, fastening them with dowels, or combining these two options, which is the most reliable choice. The direction of pasting is from bottom to top. In this case, pasting begins with the installation of the starting strip.

After this, we begin to apply glue to the surface of the panel house - the technologies used directly depend on the quality of the walls. If they are smooth, then you can apply glue with a comb. If, as often happens, the walls are uneven, then the glue is simply thrown onto the surface

It is important to carefully fill the seams with glue. All this allows you to get rid of voids under the heat insulator

There is no need to apply glue to the foam.

The option when the glue is applied to the foam plastic, and not to the house, is not suitable in this case, since the voids under the insulation will become natural cold bridges, which will reduce the effectiveness of the entire event.

We apply the foam to the glue layer and press it well. After gluing all the plates, you need to leave them alone for several days. During this period, the adhesive solution will dry and shrink, after which the next stage of work can be performed. As for fastening the slabs with dowels, you can choose plastic mushrooms. This is due to the lightness and low strength of foam plastic - such fasteners will save the facade from unnecessary heat loss.

As for the dowel caps, they must be covered with an adhesive mixture. All irregularities remaining after the glue has dried can be removed with regular sandpaper.

Preparation for reinforcement

The fragility of polystyrene foam is a serious drawback, so the insulation needs reinforcement - just glue a thin mesh. Such protection should prevent the destruction of the foam due to atmospheric phenomena and other unfavorable factors.

Preparation for reinforcement proceeds as follows: first, the corners are pasted over, after which you can proceed to pasting the walls themselves. To simplify the process, meshes with ready-made corners are used, which minimizes time consumption. If there are no such meshes, then you will have to make corners from a regular mesh. It is enough to cut a long strip 30 centimeters wide and bend it at an angle - this design is pressed against the corner of the house greased with glue. In general, cutting the mesh into fragments greatly simplifies the installation itself, which allows you to sequentially cover the areas coated with glue with fragments. In this case, the mesh should overlap at the junction.

After gluing the mesh, you need to wait for the glue to dry, after which you can use a plastic float to clean off the excess solution and remove any unevenness.

Finishing

Before finishing, a leveling layer is applied to the entire treated façade. After this, it is necessary to apply a primer and a layer of plaster. The final stage is painting the wall, preferably in a color that will not stand out too much against the background of the main color of the multi-story panel building.

Insulation materials

The modern construction market offers frighteningly big choice thermal insulation materials. The “ordinary” man in the street, not familiar with the specifics of the work, is dizzy from such diversity. Unscrupulous sellers take advantage of this, instilling the idea “the more expensive, the better.” Today we will not consider all the options for insulating the external walls of a house, but we will talk about the most inexpensive, high-quality materials that have been proven over the years.

Styrofoam

Among the most popular insulation materials, foam occupies a special place. This inexpensive material, properly performing its assigned function. It is perfect for external insulation, as it provides 100% thermal insulation regardless of air humidity and temperature changes.

This material is non-toxic and fireproof, but a reservation should be made here. The foam itself does not burn, but melts and at the same time emits black acrid smoke, which is hazardous to health. But if you follow safety measures, it will last a long time and faithfully. The words about non-toxicity and harmlessness to health are confirmed by the fact that even children's products and food products are packaged in polystyrene foam.

Polyfoam is not susceptible to mold, fungi and insects. It does not deteriorate, does not swell or shrink, maintaining its original shape. The service life of the material ranges from 20 to 50 years, depending on the quality.

External insulation of the walls of the house with polystyrene foam allows not only to protect interior space from the vagaries of the weather, but also transforms the outside of the house. The material creates a very convenient surface for finishing, starting from relief plaster, ending with siding or slabs.

Working with polystyrene foam is quick and easy; all you need is basic skills and equipment.

Stages of insulating the external walls of a house with polystyrene foam:

1. Prepare the walls by cleaning them from dust and dirt with a construction brush. If there are cracks or chips, seal them with plaster so that the foam sticks well.
2. Glue the foam plastic with a special compound onto the pre-primed wall. The sheets need to be glued in a checkerboard pattern, pressing closely against each other. To ensure that the material holds well, additionally secure it with plastic dowels.
3. Install fiberglass mesh over the slabs. To do this, apply a thick 5 mm layer of glue to the sheets and “drown” the mesh in it.
4. All that remains is to plaster the surface and cover it facade paint or perform any other finishing.

Penoplex

Today you can often hear advertisements for high-quality and reliable penoplex insulation, which is why many people believe that this is the name of the material. In fact, the material is called extruded polystyrene foam, and it is produced under the Penoplex brand.

Extruded polystyrene foam is used for internal and external insulation of houses of any type. Today it is one of the most popular materials, and this is explained by its excellent performance characteristics.

Advantages of penoplex:

• environmental friendliness;
• low thermal conductivity;
• high density;
• retains heat better than foam;
• high strength;
• high density;
• low vapor permeability;
• absolute fire safety (ignition temperature 500C, which is unrealistic at home);
• durability;
• ease of working with the material;
• relatively low cost, which quickly pays for itself.

Unfortunately, ideal building materials do not yet exist, so even with such a large list of advantages, penoplex also has disadvantages. The most obvious is poor adhesion. Since the material is very dense, it does not absorb adhesives well, so it is difficult to glue it to a vertical surface. To do this, additional fixation is performed with dowels, but most builders recommend using penoplex for internal insulation.

External insulation of house walls with penoplex is best done in the region ground floor, since even additional fixation of the material will not protect it from damage. In other words, it very quickly begins to fall off and spoils the appearance of the building. In the area of ​​the plinths, you can make a ventilation space or use outer layer waterproofing to prevent wetting and destruction of the adhesive layer.

Insulation of walls from the inside in a corner apartment

If you have experienced the purchase or sale of apartments, then you have noticed that buyers do not really like corner apartments or rooms. What is this connected with? Although it is much easier to ventilate such an apartment in summer, the view from the windows opens on two or even three sides.

But there is one significant drawback. Very often, with the arrival of frost, residents of corner apartments suffer from insufficient heat. If the temperature outside is around zero, and heating season has not yet begun, uncomfortable conditions are being created inside such an apartment. Dampness appears in the corners, the windows fog up, the floor becomes cold, and the bed becomes damp.

The main reason for this is the presence of three walls that have access to the outside and are therefore subject to the greatest influence low temperatures. In winter, even with central heating, the situation only gets worse.

The walls can freeze completely, especially in the corners, the interior decoration will begin to fall off, and mold and mildew will appear. Staying in such an apartment will not only be uncomfortable, but also unsafe, especially for children. After all, they are most susceptible to diseases caused by high air humidity.

What to do in such a situation? Many people try to install additional heating radiators, but this, most often, does not solve the problem or solves it, but not completely. Dampness moves to the ceiling, forming places where mold accumulates.

What is the right thing to do in such a situation? The best solution is to try to insulate the walls. How can I do that? How to carry out internal insulation? We'll try to figure it out now. What is the best way to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside? First, let's look at what insulation materials exist.

Types of insulation

The choice of which material is best to insulate the walls from the outside is influenced by:

• location of the panel house in a certain climatic region,
• amount of precipitation, wind strength and speed,
• allocated budget for insulation of a panel house,
• other individual factors.

The estimate and project for the work are usually drawn up by the management company or the HOA. A team of industrial climbers directly carries out the insulation process from the outside.

For panel houses, two types of insulation are mainly used:

Mineral wool

For outdoor work, it is convenient to work with mineral wool slabs, which are produced by various manufacturers. It has good performance in basic characteristics, including thermal conductivity. However, care must be taken to mineral wool do not get wet, otherwise it will lose its thermal insulation properties. To do this, a vapor-permeable membrane is laid under the insulation layer, which will protect it from vapors.

When finishing a ventilated facade, condensation from the walls of the house will be removed due to the air gap and the membrane does not need to be used.

Styrofoam

It is distinguished by its lightness and simplicity when laying slabs on the wall. Also has good parameters for heat and sound insulation

For outside work, it is important to use a material that does not support spontaneous combustion. Manufacturers mark it with the G1 marking, however, the results of many tests confirm that the foam is flammable, and this name does not meet the requirements of GOST 30244-94

When purchasing insulation, be sure to ask the seller for product certificates.

The insulation of a panel house from the outside is limited by the thickness of the insulating material. The maximum value of foam thickness for walls is calculated using special formulas, taking into account average temperatures in a certain climatic region and the purpose of the building (residential, public, industrial).

Insulation options

Insulating a panel house from the outside allows you to stop the flow of heat through the concrete. An additional layer of thermal insulation will provide protection from the destructive effects of external factors. On the market today you can find many materials that can be used for insulation inside or outside.

Insulation inside

For a panel house, insulating it from the inside will only make the situation worse. This is due to the movement of the dew point, which will move closer to inside walls. In practice, this means that moisture will accumulate in the walls with even greater force - both the wall and the insulation will get wet, so the service life of the facade will be significantly reduced. To avoid such a situation, and at the same time reducing the usable area of ​​the apartment and destroying the design, you should give preference to insulating a panel house from the outside.

Insulation from outside

The difficulty is that insulating a panel house with a large number of floors is only possible with the help of climbing equipment. It is clear that it is almost impossible to get money to pay specialists and buy building materials from utility services. Moreover, an attempt to insulate a house at the expense of the residents also does not always meet with understanding from all project participants. Therefore, you can take the path of least resistance and insulate a separate apartment.

The main advantages of external insulation:

• There is no need to disturb the interior decoration of the premises;
• The internal one is preserved effective area apartments;
• The supporting structure of the “socket” is strengthened, that is, the building is strengthened, which has a positive effect on its service life;
• The insulation is an additional sound insulator;
• The temperature inside the room increases with the same heating costs, since the walls are protected from freezing - heat loss through the panel box is reduced.

Installing insulation on brick walls

How to insulate brick walls inside an apartment with your own hands? Corner walls V brick house can be insulated using the same method as in a panel one. Therefore, we will analyze the work of installing material made from polystyrene.

Insulating a wall in an apartment from the inside:

• clean the walls down to the plaster. If it is missing, then it should be applied. After this, the walls must be leveled, cracks repaired and then treated with a primer;
• you need to prepare the glue according to the manufacturer's recommendations and apply it to the walls that you will insulate. In the beginning, you can use a regular spatula. You need to apply glue to the walls, then take a notched trowel and go around the entire perimeter again. This is done in order to create an uneven surface of the glue. This promotes better adhesion of the insulation;
• how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside? Next, we take sheets of thermal insulation and begin installing them on the walls. First of all, the very bottom row is laid. We apply the polystyrene sheet tightly and press it through; you do not need to use dowels or other fastening materials. When installing, use a level and carefully join the edges so that no gaps form; if necessary, cut the sheets. The next row is installed so that the junction of the two sheets is in the middle bottom sheet. This will give greater durability to the entire structure.

Watch the surface of the insulation so that no unevenness is formed, because this will bring additional difficulties during final finishing.

After you have installed the thermal insulation, you can begin finishing works. If you plan to cover the walls with plasterboard, then some additional work over insulation is not required. If you plan to cover it with a layer of plaster, putty, wallpaper, or paint, then you need to treat it with a primer, then install a mesh of reinforcing fiber. After this, you can begin to apply layers of plaster or putty.

By following these steps, you can insulate corner room from the inside.

Methodology for insulating walls from the inside

Foam adhesive is best suited for gluing foam boards.

Insulation insulation in the apartment on concrete walls is attached from the inside under false walls made of plasterboard. If you took the path of least resistance and chose stone wool or, in extreme cases, foam plastic as thermal insulation, then no difficulties should arise in your work. How to insulate corner apartment in a panel house:

• installation of structures made of metal profiles;
• laying thermal insulation under the guides with glue - you need to create a monolithic screen, so there should be no gaps at the joints;
• plating metal structure plasterboard.

After it has been puttied, you can glue any finish onto the drywall: tiles, wallpaper, decorative stones, papier-mâché or just paint. There are situations when it blows strongly from the corners. In this case, the question arises: how to insulate corners in a panel house? Alternatively, you can just blow them out polyurethane foam from the inside or cover the joints of the slabs with sealant. This should help, but if capital measures are needed, then it is necessary to insulate the interpanel seams from the outside. There is a technique called " Warm seam" It involves cleaning the seam from all contents, filling it with special polyurethane foam, laying Vilaterm and sealing the seam with mastic.

Materials for insulating the walls of panel houses outside

Today's market for thermal insulation materials is huge, but there are products that are deservedly considered classics thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside
.

Among these materials are:

• mineral wool;
• sandwich panels;
• Styrofoam.

Let's look at each option separately to understand what advantages this or that type of insulation has.

Mineral wool

Mineral or stone wool
usually called insulation based on extruded stone chips. The point of using stone is that it creates a foam slab with stable walls. Inner space such slabs
90% filled with air. And today air is the material with the lowest thermal conductivity. Therefore, all insulation materials include air.

There are three types of mineral wool:

1. Basalt mineral wool with a synthetic binder. This is the most popular option. If you hear someone talking about mineral wool, then most likely they mean this type of insulation. Mats made from this material are loved by all heating engineers for their ease of installation, low cost and good thermal insulation properties. However, basalt wool is used extremely rarely for insulating façade houses, since its installation requires a frame that must be thermally insulated separately to prevent cold bridges from appearing.
2. Glass wool. It was used everywhere for insulation in the last century. Now it is completely unsuitable as insulation: it constantly crumbles, falls off quickly and is extremely dangerous to install. When installing basalt mineral wool slabs
   It is enough to use a respirator. To install glass wool blocks, you will have to protect your entire body. In addition, the thermal insulation characteristics of the material are very mediocre.
3. Mineral wool based on cellulose. The name speaks for itself. This is a fire hazardous insulation made from foamed paper residues. The main advantage that manufacturers are trying to cling to is environmental friendliness. But the insulation does its job poorly, and therefore there is no particular point in using it.

Sandwich panels

Sandwich panels are used primarily due to the possibility quick installation. The panel itself is insulation sandwiched between two layers of structural material. The following acts as insulation:

1. Foamed polyurethane. High quality but expensive material. It is not profitable to use it to insulate the facade of an apartment panel building. But a sandwich panel with such insulation is perfect for a private home.
2. Mineral wool. This insulation has already been mentioned earlier; all its properties are transferred here completely. The use of sandwich panels protects the mineral wool board from precipitation, making installation easier.
3. Styrofoam. These are the most popular sandwich panels. The insulation used makes them lightweight and quite effective.

Styrofoam

Styrofoam
- this is the most popular material in Russia for insulating building facades. The undoubted advantage of this insulation is that it is absolutely not susceptible to moisture when the basalt mineral wool board Over time it will turn into rags. As a rule, the service life of such insulation does not exceed 10 years. Foam manufacturers guarantee from 30 to 50 years of service.

Attached to the façade is polystyrene foam using dowels
or with special glue. And most often, both methods are combined to create a reliable fastening.

What you will need to work on insulating a room in an apartment building

Insulation work will require proper skill and attention, but it can be done easily if you strictly follow the technology and have it on hand necessary tool. Here is a list of what you may need:

• construction stapler;
• polyurethane foam;
• sealant gun;
• screwdriver;
• hammer drill or powerful drill;
• construction knife;
• ladder or trestles;
• hammer;
• metal screws;
• metal corners;
• liquid level;
• thread;
• serpyanka;
• putty knife;
• liquid nails for exterior use;
• plastic mushrooms for attaching foam;
• vapor barrier film.

The specified list may be wider depending on the installation method, but you can easily get by with what is listed. Having everything you need, you can get to work. Remember that it is better to ventilate the room well, and carry out noisy work only at the permitted time of day in order to avoid conflicts with neighbors.

Materials

According to their own technical specifications Work on installing a heat-saving coating in a panel house from the inside is carried out from the following common materials:

• mineral wool;
• extruded;
• polyurethane foam;
• foil (reflective) thermal insulation;
• insulating paint.

When installing a light insulating wall cladding without lining the top with strong sheets of insulation board (foam plastic, polystyrene foam, stone basalt wool) simply hide with a layer of plaster:

An important criterion for selection is the non-flammability of the material and environmental Safety, since it is installed indoors.

You can compare the indicators that this or that thermal insulation has using the table:

Roll materials

It is one of the popular options for insulation because it has a number of undeniable advantages:

1. Easily cut into pieces of the desired size.
2. Repeats the shape of the surface (tightness).
3. It is sufficiently vapor-permeable so that additional membranes are not used in the design.
4. Does not burn, unlike polymers, does not produce toxic smoke when heated.
5. Resistant to microorganisms.

Available in the form of rolls, stitched mats and slabs. Of all types of this material, stone basalt wool is preferable.

Foiled polyethylene foam is used for reflection infrared radiation and creating a barrier to water vapor. Heat rays practically do not penetrate to surfaces hidden under the finishing sheet covering, so there is little point in installing reflective insulation in the walls.

Can be used to protect mineral wool from damp wall, additional sound insulation, vibration damping.

Natural cork is used for high-quality internal insulation of small thickness on panel walls. This is the most environmentally friendly heat insulator. TO operational characteristics include high strength, low thermal conductivity, low weight, durability, elasticity. For more information about which insulation is better, watch this video:

Foam boards

The technology for insulating the walls of a panel house from the inside with smooth, rigid slabs of foamed polymer includes careful preparation of the surface for installation. Unresolved wall deflections will create voids in which condensation will accumulate.

The slabs are laid out staggered on a layer of glue; the use of anchor umbrellas in this case is not recommended (through passages for cold). Each joint is sealed with sealant. Another method of fastening is to lay it between a T-shaped profile fixed to the ceiling and to the floor.

The thickness of the material will depend on the climate zone. The following initial data can be used in the calculation:

Liquid formulations

Applying a layer of polyurethane foam requires special equipment and installation of a frame. The work is carried out by specialists with practical experience. The strength of the hardened foam is low and it is covered with a protective cladding (gypsum plasterboard, plywood). For more details, watch this video:

Liquid types of insulation include the achievement modern science- special paints. They are expensive and require careful adherence to application technology (thickness and sequence of layers, direction of brush movement). In case of violation of instructions thermal resistance of such coverage is sharply reduced.

The thermal insulation properties of concrete panel houses leave much to be desired, since they are very hot in summer and cold in winter, which leads to increased energy costs for heating. This problem can be solved by thermal insulation of the walls, however, this issue must be approached competently. Therefore, next I will tell you how to properly insulate a panel house.

DIY installation

By performing steps step by step, you can achieve an ideal result. Begin:

Glue (liquid nails) is generously applied to the surface of the wall and penoplex panels, and then pressed tightly against each other. We carry out such actions with each panel, placing the next one exactly in the groove with the previous end side. This applies to both the side sections and those on top. Penoplex is easily cut with a knife, so where a whole panel does not fit, it is carefully cut and inserted into the space

It is important to cut exactly to size in order to leave a minimum of gaps and lay them exactly at the end.
The panels can also be fastened using wall anchors and plastic mushrooms; for this, holes are made in the walls and fasteners are driven into them directly through the attached polystyrene foam. This method is very noisy, so we recommend the first option.
All joints between panels, walls, floors and ceilings are coated with sealant

This is necessary to ensure maximum thermal insulation.
The tighter the foam is pressed against the wall surface, the better its insulating properties, so don’t skimp on glue or anchors.
This installation option involves final finishing using plaster. After the sealant has dried, the entire surface of the wall is covered with putty and leveled. If you want to further strengthen the layer, you can smear a special mesh (serpyanka) into the plaster.
After final leveling, the putty must be allowed to dry and then primed, thereby preparing its surface for painting or wallpapering.

1. You need to stretch a vapor barrier film over the foam and guides to isolate the formation of moisture inside the wall. Its installation is carried out using plastic mushrooms through foam.
2. We attach the drywall to the vertical and horizontal guides using self-tapping screws.
3. Next, as in the previous instructions, the surface is puttyed, leveled and primed.

Installation is not at all difficult. The main thing is to stick to technology, then the work will go quickly and efficiently. After finishing, you will immediately feel that the apartment has become much warmer and drier, even if it is an end apartment. That's because isolation helped get rid of contact warm air with the surface of cold walls. Therefore, if heating occurs not due to batteries, but warm floors, they can be turned on less often, thereby saving on utility costs.

“Warm seam” technique for sealing interpanel joints.

Last time we dealt with the fact that different ways. Today we will tell you everything about insulating a panel house from the outside: what materials are used, what glue is best to attach them to, what methods are available. It has been repeatedly noticed that a lot of companies do outright hack work, the results of which are deplorable. Either the thermal insulation does not work or disappears altogether, especially on the upper floors, where wind gusts are quite significant. Sometimes, even if everything is done according to technology, the result is simply scary to look at - everything is crooked, ugly, not like people’s. Therefore, you have to control everything, delve into the nuances, ask questions. Yes, this irritates the workers, but that is their problem. The main thing is a high-quality result - without compromise.

Increasing housing and communal services tariffs is leading apartment owners to search for methods of preserving heat in their premises. Not every person can afford the additional inclusion of electric heaters, especially if the heat evaporates very quickly. There are several ways out of this situation.

You can write a complaint to the management company and demand that they seal it interpanel seams, but quite often even such an event does not help to retain heat in the room and it is necessary to insulate the walls of a panel house from the outside.

If you notice that it’s cold in your apartment, but you can’t touch the radiators (they’re hot), then it’s time to insulate the façade of the apartment from the outside. Typically, all walls of a room facing one side are insulated, and the end walls of panel houses are also insulated.

Advantages of external insulation

External insulation is a completely justified idea. This method allows you not only to reduce heat leakage from your room, but also protects the stove from exposure environment, creating a barrier - a layer of insulation. This type insulation has a number of other advantages:

• the process of installing insulation is carried out autonomously (no need to ask neighbors to leave the premises);
• increases indoor temperature and better retains heat from heating systems;
• the overall dimensions of the room do not change, all work is carried out outside;
• gives durability to the wall structure of the house;
• insulation increases the sound insulation of the room.

Insulation of the external walls of panel houses can save from 25 to 60% of the generated heat from heating system. The amount of thermal energy saved depends on the type of insulation, its density and specific heat capacity.

Types of insulation

Choose required material for wall insulation is not so simple. This process is influenced by a number of factors:

• climatic region;
• average rainfall in the area where the house is located;
• financial capabilities of the owner (price of material).

Two types of insulation material are most often used: mineral stone wool and polystyrene foam.

To ensure that the thermal insulation of the room remains at the highest level when using mineral wool, the installation rules of the product must be followed.

Mineral or stone wool as insulation is mainly used in the system of ventilated facades, which, if desired, can also be created on panel houses.

Features of using this insulation include the need to use a breathable membrane (between the wall of the building and the insulation) and waterproofing film outside the insulating product, since mineral wool is afraid of direct moisture.

Foam plastic, as insulation for external wall decoration, is optimal and the most affordable option. It is light in weight and adheres quite well to the wall of the house. Polystyrene foam is produced in different thicknesses. Depending on the location of the house (in the climatic zone), foam plastic with a thickness of 25 to 100 mm can be used for external wall insulation.

Do not forget that foam plastic used for external and interior works, different from each other. The main difference is the density of the material (foam plastic for outdoor use has more) and fire resistance.

The process of insulating the facade of a house

Today, there are 2 widely used types of wall insulation: ventilated facades using mineral wool and a “wet facade”, which is most often used using polystyrene foam.

It is the latter method that deserves detailed consideration, since it is less expensive and suitable for private use in separate walls panel houses. Ventilated facade systems usually cover the entire building as a whole, and such work is carried out during the construction of a house.

Surface preparation

Before attaching the elements of the “wet facade” to the wall of the house, you should first prepare the surface.

In this case, all deposits and bulges should be removed from the wall surface, seams falling under the insulation zone should be sealed, and all cracks should be sealed. To perform damage repair work, you can use both bitumen mastic and special sealants that are not afraid of external influences.

After all the defects of the surface where the insulation will be attached have been eliminated, the wall should be properly primed; this step should be done twice.

Only after the primer has completely dried can you proceed to further actions.

Installation of insulation

Insulation can be attached to the wall in three ways: with glue, using dowel fasteners, and a combined method.

Most often used combined method foam fastenings. This method is labor-intensive, but also the most reliable.

Initially, the foam is glued to the wall using a special mixture, which is prepared in advance in a container and brought to a certain state. This composition should be used for 30-40 minutes until its consistency thickens.

Each master does gluing foam differently. The adhesive can be applied using a notched trowel and distributed evenly over the surface, or simply in a dotted manner, creating at least 5 joints with the wall.

After the thermal insulation is attached to the wall, you need to wait some time (so that the glue dries) and install the dowels.

There are several methods for fastening foam plastic using dowels; you can familiarize yourself with them in more detail in the diagram below.

Do not forget that it is customary to install foam sheets in a checkerboard pattern so that four-beam joints are not created. All seams between the sheets should be filled with polyurethane foam, the excess of which should be removed after installation.

Fixing the plaster mesh and finishing

Polystyrene foam is a material that does not tolerate mechanical stress well and can easily be damaged by a gust of wind or begin to “crumble” due to temperature changes.

To prevent these processes from occurring, an outer reinforcing layer should be created.

This cover is made using an adhesive composition and a reinforcing mesh, which is gradually rolled out and secured with glue, after which the entire solution is evenly distributed over the surface of the foam, forming a uniform cover.

After the glue has dried, the entire surface is sanded and can be decorated.

For decoration " wet facades» use conventional façade water-based paints and decorative plasters.

Decorative plasters such as “bark beetle” or “Venetian plaster” are quite expensive, but have an attractive appearance and can hide surface unevenness after installation. Watch this video for more details:

Installation work to create external insulation of the walls of panel houses is carried out at heights, so for this process it is advisable to involve teams of industrial climbers or an elbow tower.

People who live in panel houses often notice moisture on the walls, fungus, peeling wallpaper, mold formation and even freezing of the walls in winter. This can happen because panel houses are poorly protected from temperature changes. External facade insulation helps solve this problem.

Types of insulation

Insulation installation technology

Preparing the walls

Installation of insulation

Fill the seams carefully. It is not necessary to apply glue to the foam sheet. To ensure that there are no voids left under the insulating material, fill all the holes in the wall adhesive solution. Since voids can be a “conductor of cold”. After applying the glue, you need to attach a sheet of foam plastic, align it and press it against the wall. For further work (puttying, painting), you need to wait a few days, this is necessary for the glue to completely dry and shrink. Only then continue working.

To install foam plastic on dowels, fasteners are used - this is a plastic dowel with a large round cap, consisting of a plastic sleeve and a galvanized nail, which is driven into the sleeve.

If gaps suddenly form between the insulation, they can be filled with polyurethane foam, which can be cut off after drying.

After installing the foam sheets, dowel heads and seams are puttied with glue, defects that arose after drying are rubbed using an emery mesh.

Pasting walls with mesh

It is necessary to start gluing the mesh from the corners and only then the main part of the surfaces. There are special meshes with corners on sale that will greatly simplify your work without additional problems.

To make it easier to glue the mesh and o it is necessary to cut it into fragments. Pieces of mesh measuring a meter by a meter or a meter by two can be glued in small sections.

After the glue has completely dried, you need to treat the surface with plastic floats.

After the entire surface has been sanded and all excess mortar has been removed, it is necessary to apply a leveling layer and begin the final finishing.

This is all you need to know about finishing and insulating a panel house from the outside. Today, many construction companies offer their qualified services (we recommend teplodim.info). But if your hands grow from the right place, there is scaffolding or you live on the ground floor, you can install the insulation yourself.

Panel houses have always been considered not too “warm”, since the internal and external walls are quite thin. It is for this reason that insulating the walls of a panel house from the outside is a very popular service. Thermal insulation of concrete panels will allow the apartment to retain heat well in the winter cold, as well as keep the air cool in summer time. So thermal insulation panel houses are a universal means of increasing the comfort of your home. The work can be done on your own, but this is only possible if the apartment is located on the first or second floor of the building. If the housing is located higher, it will not be possible to do without the help of specialists. This type of service is provided by high-rise builders or industrial climbers.

Insulation of panel walls from the facade side

Insulating the facade surface of the walls of a house built from panels is a much more reasonable measure than internal thermal insulation. And that's why:

Expert opinion

Konstantin Alexandrovich

From the above, we can conclude that it is advisable to insulate the walls of a house from panels with outside. Insulation from the inside is used only if other options cannot be implemented for some reason.

Types of insulation

On the selection process suitable material The following indicators influence wall insulation:

An estimate of materials and a project of planned work is most often ordered house manager company or homeowners association. The work itself on thermal insulation of the facade is carried out by a team of professional climbers.

The following types of insulation materials are most often used for use in panel houses:

Minvata

Mineral wool slabs are a very convenient material for exterior thermal insulation work on facades. It is released under different brands, but the main characteristics of the material different manufacturers differ insignificantly. The material has a low thermal conductivity coefficient, but care must be taken to ensure that the material does not become wet. If this happens, its ability to insulate heat will be significantly reduced. To avoid this problem, a special membrane is laid under the insulating layer, which will be responsible for steam removal.

If a ventilated facade is used to finish the building, moisture vapor will be quickly removed by an air flow penetrating into the gap between the wall itself and the insulation. In this situation, there is no need to lay a membrane layer.

Styrofoam

The material is lightweight, the slabs are easily attached to the wall surface. The heat and noise insulation parameters are at a high level. For outdoor work, you can only use that type of insulator that is not capable of spontaneous combustion. This type of expanded polystyrene should be marked G1, which designates low-flammable materials. Unfortunately, not all types of polystyrene foam available on the market are actually flame retardant. Therefore, when purchasing material for insulation, it is necessary to clarify whether the product is certified in accordance with GOST requirements.

When insulating a panel house externally, there are restrictions on the thickness of the thermal insulation material that can be used in the work. This indicator is derived through complex calculations that include the average temperature climate region, and also take into account the type of house - industrial building, office or residential building.

Seams

A significant part of the useful heat located inside a panel house can be lost through interpanel seams. The problem can be solved by processing them. The distance between the ends of the slabs is filled with a monolithic mortar, which easily eliminates cracks and cavities in the seams, increasing the efficiency of thermal insulation of the entire structure. Mixtures suitable for processing interpanel seams in concrete houses, can be sold both in a form completely suitable for use and for self-cooking solutions. These compositions may contain polystyrene foam granules in their structure, which can retain heat flow or air particles to protect against the penetration of cold air from the outside.

If the joint distance is large, it can be filled with insulating fiber of a soft texture. Mineral wool, which has proven itself well in external work, can serve as such.

List of her most important qualities:

Fragments of mineral wool fibers are highly volatile and contain formaldehyde components. The combination of these factors does not allow the use of such material for insulating the seams of a panel house everywhere. Stone wool is the best option for such work. This insulation does not pose a risk to human health and has a stronger fiber structure.

Stages of arranging the insulation of an apartment building made of panels

High-quality installation of insulation material is the key to its long service life. Installation quality indicators may depend on many circumstances. One of important factors is the type of material to which the insulation will be attached. Most often, special glue for construction or specialized dowel fastenings are used. There are also combined mounting options. The insulation process takes more than one day, because you need to wait for a particular material to completely dry before proceeding. next stage insulation.

ADVICE! Best time for arranging wall insulation - the summer months and the beginning of autumn, that is, it is better to complete all work before the onset of the rainy season. The number of people who want to improve the thermal insulation characteristics of their apartments is only increasing from year to year. It is for these reasons that it is better to resolve this important issue in advance. In organizations with extensive experience in such work, all days are scheduled at least several months in advance.

Laying insulation

The insulated surface must be coated adhesive composition, which is applied either with a special spatula with teeth, or laid out in flat cakes. If you press the insulation board on it, the solution is distributed evenly in the space between the wall and the insulation. The rows are laid out in the direction from top to bottom according to the principle of brick laying. Each slab is leveled to the horizon. Vertical alignment is carried out using beacons or by pulling between opposite fragments of a vertical thread.

To increase the reliability of the connection of foam plastic slabs to the wall, the insulation is fixed not only with glue, but also with special dowels. For each insulator plate, 5 fasteners are sufficient. The tops of the fasteners should be slightly pressed into the insulation surface. When insulating an apartment located on the corner of a building, they also insulate the joint between the slabs. To eliminate the appearance of inconsistencies and the formation of cracks, alternate rows in the corner zone.

If gaps do form between the foam plates, they are covered with scraps of insulating material and fixed with an adhesive solution. The existing corners are closed with a perforated corner, aluminum or metal. Attach it to a solution of glue, alabaster or plaster. The thermally insulated surface can only be rubbed and covered with a layer of plaster. It should be as smooth as possible, since fiberglass reinforcing mesh will also be laid on top.

Installation of reinforcing mesh

A layer of glue 0.5 centimeters thick must be applied to the insulating material. It will absorb the reinforcing mesh while simultaneously fixing it. The mesh is needed to hold the plaster layer, so installation is carried out with maximum attention and concentration. It is better to fasten a large and solid piece of material at once, leaving room for window openings. Apply again on top adhesive layer. It must be completely dry before you begin leveling it.

Finishing

The process of thermal insulation of the wall of a panel house from the outside is completed by priming and plastering the surface. The primer layer is applied twice; it is convenient to do this with a roller. Once the primer has dried, you can apply the first thin coat of plaster. After an hour it dries, then it is rubbed down and the surface is given a certain texture using a special textured roller. After this, the main stage of work is considered completed. All that remains is to paint the insulated surface in the desired color. The paint is acrylic based. If the installation technology is performed flawlessly, the external insulation will last at least 10 years.

Thermal insulation of a facade is a labor-intensive and expensive process. But it has a number of undeniable advantages, which are much more important than the time and financial costs. This is the creation of comfort and warmth in your own home.

Finally

All methods of insulation are good in their own way. The main thing is to strictly adhere to the recommendations for the use and installation of a particular insulator. If you do not consider yourself a specialist in this field, then it is better to use the services of construction organizations to carry out such work. Such companies have all the necessary licenses, have practical knowledge, and employ high-level specialists. They will be able to quickly and efficiently complete all work with a guarantee.

Video about insulating the external wall of an apartment in a panel house