Project "Rocks and Minerals of the Khabarovsk Territory". Khabarovsk Territory_mineralogical finds

Information on the state of the mineral resource base

Khabarovsk Territory as of 01.01.2016

The Khabarovsk Territory is rich in minerals, the basis of the mineral resource base is deposits of precious metals, tin, copper, and coal. There are also numerous ore occurrences that determine high prospects for the growth of reserves.

The main minerals of the Khabarovsk Territory

The largest deposits of the Khabarovsk Territory

Hydrocarbon raw materials

In the Khabarovsk Territory, the unallocated subsoil fund includes the Adnikanskoye gas field with free gas reserves of categories A + B + C 1 in the amount of 0.437 billion m 3, category C 2 - 1.553 billion m 3, located within the Verkhne-Bureinskaya oil and gas field. Forecast resources of free gas are estimated at 131.01 billion m 3 in categories D 1 + D 2 . There are no reserves and forecast resources of oil and condensate.

The Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk oil refineries operate on the territory of the region, with a capacity of 4.3 million tons and 8 million tons of oil products, respectively. The plants process Sakhalin and West Siberian oil. The products of the Komsomolsk Refinery are sold in the Russian Far East, and are also exported to Japan, South Korea and Vietnam . The Khabarovsk Oil Refinery supplies fuel to the northern regions of the district, the Amur Region, the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories.

Coal

On the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory there are the Bureinsky coal basin, the extreme East End Tokinsky coal region of the South Yakutsk basin, as well as Marekanskoye, Khurmulinskoye and Lianskoye deposits of brown coal.

The balance reserves of coal of category A + B + C 1 in the Khabarovsk Territory as of 01.01.2016 amount to 1593.6 million tons, category C 2 - 710.8 million tons, off-balance - 438.7 million tons. The main part of explored (80% ) and estimated (99.5%) reserves are represented by hard coals, among which coals of the G grade (91.3%) predominate, GZhO and D grades are slightly common.

The distributed subsoil fund contains 719.3 million tons (45% of the total) of explored and 83.3 million tons (12%) of preliminary estimated coal reserves.

The most developed is the Bureya coal basin with an area of ​​6,000 km 2 . Coal-bearing deposits (Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous) with a thickness of about 2000m are subdivided into 5 suites; the most saturated with coal is the Urgal suite, which contains up to 50 coal seams and interlayers. Pool coals of medium quality, ash content 32% and sulfur content 0.4%; the calorific value of coal reaches 33.3 MJ/kg. Washing of coals is predominantly difficult. The only developed coal deposit, Urgalskoye, is located in the eastern part of the basin. Coal mining (JSC "Urgalugol") is carried out by underground and open methods.

AT In the Tokinsky region of the South Yakutsk basin, the balance reserves of category C 2, represented by grades Zh and KZh, were calculated at the Khudurkanskoye field. The deposit is located in the distributed subsoil fund (JSC Artel Prospectors Amur) and is not being developed.

The remaining reserves of the region (318.9 million tons of category A + B + C 1) are represented by brown coal and are contained in the Marekanskoye, Khurmulinskoye, Lianskoye deposits. The extraction of brown coal is carried out only at the Marekanskoye deposit by the forces of Urgalugol OJSC.

The main consumers of Khabarovsk coals are thermal power plants and housing and communal enterprises. The operating capacities of the coal enterprises of the region do not provide local consumers with the necessary amount of coal. The deficit is covered by imports from neighboring regions.

The forecast coal resources tested by VNIGRIugol amount to 32,459 million tons, including 12,405 million tons of P 1, 12,405 million tons of P 2, and 14,753 million tons of P 3. Forecast resources of hard coal 19,460 million tons, brown coal 12,999 million tons

The main part of the resources (P 1 - 3.6 billion tons, P 2 - 2.6 million tons, P 3 - 4.4 billion tons, in total 32.9% of the region's resources) were found in the Bureya basin. In second place is the Khudurkan coal-bearing area in the eastern part of the South Yakutsk coal basin (P 1,592 million tons, P 2 - 7.4 billion tons, P 3 - 518 million tons, a total of 26.1%). The distributed fund contains about 4.5% of the resources of the P 1 + P 2 category, located in the Tokinsk coal region of the South Yakuts basin.

Uranus

The uranium-molybdenum deposit Lastochka is taken into account in the unallocated subsoil fund of the Khabarovsk Territory. Explored reserves of uranium with a content of 0.18% in category C 1 are 2064 tons, in category C 2 - 1861 tons with a content of 0.11%, off-balance - 721 tons. Uranium mineralization is localized in small veinlets of mineralized zones. The development of the deposit is not planned in the near future.

Iron ores

The Budyurskoye magnetite ore deposit is located in the unallocated subsoil fund, the balance reserves of category C 2 amount to 439 thousand tons.

The predicted iron ore resources of the Budyurskoye deposit in category P 1 are 674.5 thousand tons (359 thousand tons of iron). Predicted iron ore resources have not been tested.

manganese ores

In the Khabarovsk Territory, the predicted resources of manganese ores of the P 1 category are localized in the amount of 0.31 million tons for the Vandanskoye deposit. Resources of category P 2 in the amount of 4.5 million tons and category P 3 75 million tons are estimated from manganese-bearing areas in the southern part of the river basin. Udy's Tuguro-Chumikansky area. Reserves of manganese ores were not calculated.

Titanium

The balance reserves of titanium dioxide in the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory are not listed.

Proven predictive resources of titanium ores are concentrated in the Geran and Kadimiy titanium-bearing regions. For the Geran ore district, the resources of category Р 1 in the amount of 34.0 million tons were taken into account, including 8.0 million tons at the primary manifestations of Gayum (contentTiO 2 7.45%), Gayum-2, Dzhana and Bogide - 20 million tons (TiO 2 6.5-8.9%), Maimakanskoye - 6.0 million tons (TiO 2 5.5-7.6%). The resources of the Kediminskoe ore district in the P2 category are 32 million tons. Including 30 million tons for the Kediminskoe ore field (TiO 2 6.0%) and the Katensky placer area 2 million tons of ilmenite (50-300 kg / m 3). All resources belong to the unallocated subsoil fund.

In terms of the amount of resources, all primary manifestations are classified as large, but the remoteness from the main industrial centers allows the use of objects only for long-term planning of the mineral resource base.

Copper

On the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, the State Balance takes into account 1452 thousand tons (about 2% of Russian ones) of explored and 3994 thousand tons (about 14%) of preliminary estimated copper reserves. Reserves are mostly concentrated in gold porphyry copper deposit Malmyzhskoe, are also contained in 6 complex copper-bearing tin deposits.

In 2015, associated copper mining was carried out only at the Pravourmiyskoye deposit, the metal was lost with the tailings from the processing plant.

Forecast resources of copper in category P 2 in the amount of 650 thousand tons. t are localized within the Geran and Lantar gabbro-anorthosite massifs. Of which 360thousand tons refer to the distributed subsoil fund. In addition, in 2008, NTS Dalnedra accepted copper resources in category P 3 in the amount of 1544 thousand tons.

Nickel

Within the Dzhugdzhur metallogenic zone, the predicted nickel resources of category Р 2 are estimated at 500 thousand tons. About 50% of the predicted nickel resources belong to the distributed subsoil fund and are localized in the Lantar gabbro-anorthosite massif. The rest of the resources belong to the Geranian massif and are in the unallocated fund.

Lead and zinc

Explored and preliminary estimated reserves of associated lead (7.6 thousand tons in categories A + B + C 1, 16.5 thousand tons of category C 2) and zinc (1.7 thousand tons of category C 2) are concentrated in the ores of Perevalny , Pridorozhny and Festival deposits of tin-silicate type in the Komsomolsk ore district. The lead-zinc Dzhatonskoye and Nivandzhinskoye deposits in the north of the region contain only off-balance reserves (90.6 thousand tons of lead and 122.1 thousand tons of zinc).

The distributed subsoil fund takes into account the developed Perevalnoye and Festivalnoye (Tin Ore Company JSC) deposits; in 2015, lead and zinc were not mined. When processing tin ores, zinc and lead are lost.

There are no proven predictive resources of lead and zinc in the Khabarovsk Territory. The predicted resources accepted by the STC of Dalgeolcom are: lead in categories P 1,298 thousand tons, P 2,582 thousand tons, P 3,491 thousand tons; zinc - Р 1,327 thousand tons, Р 2,528 thousand tons, Р 3,438 thousand tons.

Tin

Tin reserves in the territory of the region in categories A + B + C 1 as of 01.01.2016 amounted to 224.4 thousand tons (about 14% of the all-Russian), category C 2 - 133.3 thousand tons (25%). The balance takes into account 12 tin deposits: 10 primary and 2 placer deposits (including one placer with only off-balance reserves). The share of placer tin in the region's reserves is insignificant, 0.23-0.31% by category. In the distributed subsoil fund there are 2 primary deposits of tin, containing about 84% of the explored and more than 82% of the preliminarily estimated reserves of the region.

In 2015, tin was mined at the Pravourmiyskoye deposit (Pravourmiyskoye LLC), ore processing is carried out at the Pravourmiyskaya concentrator.

JSC Tin Ore Company owns licenses for the right to use the subsoil of the Perevalnoye and Festivalnoye deposits. In 2015, there was no tin mining at these deposits.

The Khabarovsk Territory ranks second in Russia in terms of the number of estimated predicted tin resources. The tested forecast resources of tin are 515 thousand tons, including the categories P 1,154 thousand tons, P 2,211 thousand tons, P 3,150 thousand tons. The resources are in the unallocated subsoil fund.

Tungsten

As of 01.01.2016, the reserves of tungsten trioxide of the region of category A + B + C 1 amounted to 14.8 thousand tons (about 1% of the total Russian reserves), category C 2 - 12.9 thousand tons (about 4%). Resources are contained in 6 primary deposits of tin, where tungsten is present as an associated component. By content WO3 ores are poor.

The distributed subsoil fund contains 4 tungsten-containing deposits: Perevalnoye, Festivalnoye (Tin Ore Company OJSC), Pravourmiyskoye (Pravourmiyskoye LLC) and Sobolinoye (Zabaikalskaya Mining Company OJSC). In 2015, associated mining of tungsten was carried out only at the Pravourmiyskoye deposit.

On the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, the predicted resources of category P 1 in the amount of 34 thousand tons of tungsten trioxide (about 18% of the total Russian resources), category P 2 - 155 thousand tons (about 25%) are taken into account.

Mercury

In the unallocated subsoil fund of the Khabarovsk Territory, the Lanskoye mercury deposit, localized within the ore field of the same name, with C 2 category reserves in the amount of 512 tons, is taken into account. The average mercury content is 0.5%. Approved predictive mercury resources are not available.

Bismuth

As of October 10, 2016, bismuth reserves in the Khabarovsk Territory in categories A + B + C 1 amount to 1.57 thousand tons (about 5% of the total Russian reserves), category C 2 - 0.9 thousand tons, off-balance - 0.22 thousand tons. 4 primary tin deposits are taken into account in ores - Festivalnoe, Pravourmiyskiy and Pridorozhny. The distributed subsoil fund includes the Festivalnoye, Sobolinoye and Pravourmiyskoye deposits with total reserves of categories A + B + C 1 in the amount of 1.56 thousand tons, C 2 - 0.88 thousand tons.

The Festivalnoye deposit is being developed by JSC Tin Ore Company; in 2015, no mining operations were carried out. At the Sobolinoye deposit, since 2013 JSC Zabaikalskaya Mining Company has been carrying out exploration work.

Part of the Pravourmiyskoye deposit (block V-2) and the entire Pridorozhnoye are in the unallocated subsoil fund, the total balance reserves of objects are insignificant: in categories A + B + C 1 0.005 thousand tons, C 2 - 0.014 thousand tons.

Gold

In the Khabarovsk Territory, the explored balance reserves of gold amount to 261.7 tons (about 3% of the total Russian), preliminary estimated - 409.3 tons (about 5%). The state balance lists 351 deposits, including 27 primary gold ore deposits, one complex gold-bearing tin-sulfide deposit, and 323 alluvial deposits.

The region's explored gold reserves increased compared to 2014 by 119.5 tons (by 84%), the preliminary estimated ones increased by 272.8 tons (by 200%). The increase in balance reserves of gold was mainly due to an increase in reserves at 2 new primary deposits. The balance reserves of placers in categories B + C 1 decreased as a result of the extraction and revaluation of the unallocated subsoil fund for 40 objects by 1.8 tons of gold, in category C 2 they increased by 1.7 tons. -Sikhote-Alinskaya and Ulinsky mineragenic zones. The large deposits include gold-copper-porphyry deposits Malmyzhskoye, epithermal gold-silver deposits Albazinskoye, Mnogovershinnoye, Svetloye, Khakanja. Other deposits of ore gold are medium and small in terms of reserves, represented mainly by objects of the epithermal gold-silver type (Avlayakanskoye, Kirankanskoye, Perevalnoye in Avlayakano-Nagimsky ore-placer area).

In alluvial deposits of the region, gold reserves amount to 31.3 tons in category B + C 1 and 12.5 tons of category C 2. The reserves of most exploited placers are significantly depleted.

The distributed subsoil fund owns reserves of 23 primary deposits in the amount of 229.9 tons of gold (99.8% of the total in the region) in categories B + C 1 and 391.6 tons of category C 2 (98.7%); 148 placer deposits were licensed with proven reserves of 19.7 tons of metal (63.0%) and estimated reserves of 8.3 tons (66.0%).

In 2015, gold mining in the Khabarovsk Territory was carried out by 20 enterprises at 75 deposits, including 10 gold mines and 65 alluvial deposits. The total production amounted to 21.3 tons of metal (23.2 tons in 2014). 81.5% of the region's gold is mined from primary deposits. The main production is concentrated at the Albazinskoye (Albazino Resources LLC), Mnogovershinnoye (Mnogovershinnoye JSC), Avlayakanskoye and Khakandzhinskoye (Okhotskaya GGK LLC), Belaya Gora (Belaya Gora LLC) deposits. Alluvial gold mining is carried out by large subsoil users OOO Amur Zoloto, OAO Artel Prospectors Far Eastern Resources, Artel Prospectors Vostok, OOO Artel Prospectors Niman, as well as small businesses. Most alluvial deposits are located in hard-to-reach areas, which increases the cost of production.

There are 179 gold deposits in the unallocated subsoil fund, including 4 small primary ones (Zaletnoye, Oemkunskoye, Chachika and Shumnoye) and 175 alluvial deposits; the total explored reserves of undistributed fund objects are 21.4 tons, or 3.2% of the region's reserves.

On the territory of the region, significant predicted gold resources are taken into account, about 4% of the resources of indigenous gold in Russia in the P 1 category - 179.5 tons, in the P 2 category - 399.8 tons. Most of the resources are concentrated within the Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt. In the north of the region, 20 tons of predicted resources of category P 1 are taken into account at the Malyutka field, and 15 tons at the Khakanja field. .

In the placer gold group, 79.3 tons of predicted resources were tested, including categories: P 1 27.0 tons, P 2 27.7 tons, P 3 24.6 tons. Resources are tied to ore-placer areas and nodes, accounting placers and basins are not carried out, with the exception of 4.4 tons of gold tested in 2015 in the central regions of the region.

Silver

On the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, 22 deposits are taken into account with balance reserves of silver of category C 1,338.9 tons (1.9% of Russian), C 2 - 850.4 tons (1.7%), off-balance - 134.4 tons. including 18 gold-silver deposits and 4 tin-ore deposits with associated silver. Explored silver reserves decreased by 50.6 tons due to redemption during mining, C 2 reserves increased by 317.4 tons as a result of exploration. The main part of the silver reserves is localized in the ores of the Khakanja silver-gold deposit, which contains 81.5% of the C 1 category reserves and 3.8% of the C 2 category reserves.

The distributed subsoil fund includes 20 deposits, including category C 1 reserves in the amount of 1316.4 tons of silver (98.3% of the total in the region), C 2 - 672.6 tons (79.1%).In 2015, 69 tons of silver were mined (in 2014, 115.1 tons).

The unallocated fund includes the fields Chachika, Pridorozhnoye, block V-2 Pravourmiyskiy and reserves of the Khakanja deposit outside the boundaries of the licensed area with total balance reserves of silver in category C 1 22.5 and C 2 177.8 tons.

There are no approved silver resources in the Khabarovsk Territory.

Platinum

In terms of platinoids reserves, the Khabarovsk Territory is in fourth place in Russia with a share of about 0.1%. The basis of the MSB of the region's platinoids are large placer deposits Kondyor and Vorgalan. Both deposits are located in the distributed subsoil fund, are being developed by the Artel of Prospectors Amur OJSC. At the deposit of the river Uorgalan continues reconnaissance. The reserves of the technogenic alluvial deposit of the river were calculated. Conder category C 2 .

In the unallocated subsoil fund of the Khabarovsk Territory, off-balance reserves of the placer of the Mokhovaya stream in the amount of 49 kg of platinoids are taken into account.

There are no approved prospective resources of placer and ore platinum in the Khabarovsk Territory.

Zirconium

On the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, untested resources of zirconium dioxide of the category P1 in the amount of 102 million tons and categories P2 – 191.1 million tons. Estimated from numerous zirconium ore occurrences confined to the framing of the Ingili alkaline-ultrabasic carbonatite massif. The largest of them is the Algamin occurrence of rich baddeleyite-zircon ores. Disintegrated formations of the weathering crust of ore dolomites may be of industrial interest. The content of zirconium dioxide in ores ranges from 0.1 to 12%, reaching 22-52% in some places. Associated components: tungsten 0.05%, hafnium 0.06%, niobium 0.05%, yttrium 0.3%.

Tantalum, niobium, beryllium, rare earth metals

In the Khabarovsk Territory, the State Balance takes into account the balance reserves of niobium pentoxide as an associated component at the Festivalnoye and Pravourmiyskoye tin deposits (B-2 block). The distributed fund includes the Festivalnoye deposit (Tin Ore Company JSC), no mining operations were carried out in 2015.

Exploration work revealed more than a dozen complex objects with rare-metal and rare-earth mineralization. Of greatest interest is the Ulkan ore region, in which 3 types of ore fields are distinguished. Alkaline granites are associated with tantalum-niobium (with accompanying Y and U) objects; with alkaline metasomatites and alkaline-granite pegmatites - rare earth-beryllium (with Nb, Y, Th, sometimes U, Li, Sn) and beryllium (with Ta, Nb, Sn and U) ore occurrences and deposits. AT Verkhnebureinsky Small uranium-rare metal deposits are known in the ore region.

There are no proven predictive resources of rare and rare earth metals.

indium and scandium

Reserves of indium category C 2 in the amount of 225.5 tons are accounted for as associated in the ores of tin deposits Festivalnoye, Perevalnoye, Sobolinoye, Pravourmiyskoye (B-2 block) and Solnechnoye. The distributed fund contains 211.8 tons of indium (93.9 of the total in the region). Reserves of scandium of 0.30 t in category C 2 are contained in the Pravourmiyskoye (B-2 block) and Festivalnoe deposits, including 0.21 t (70%) belong to the distributed fund. In 2015, indium and scandium were not mined.

Sulfur

In the Khabarovsk Territory, sulfur reserves as an associated component are accounted for in 2 tin ore deposits, they amount to 152 thousand tons in category C, 2 73 thousand tons in category C, and 14 thousand tons off-balance sheet. Almost all reserves are concentrated at the Festivalnoye deposit, which is developed by JSC "Tin Mining". There was no production in 2015. The roadside deposit with sulfur reserves of category C 2 in the amount of 2 thousand tons is accounted for in the unallocated subsoil fund.

Arsenic

In the Khabarovsk Territory, arsenic reserves are accounted for at the Festivalnoe tin deposit under category C 1, as well as at the Pridorozhnoye deposit under category C 2. The Festivalnoye deposit is being developed by JSC Tin Ore Company; there was no mining in 2015. The Pridorozhnoye deposit is located in the unallocated subsoil fund. The average content of arsenic in the ores of the Festivalnoye deposit is 1.18%, and Pridorozhnoye is 0.15%.

There are no approved arsenic resources.

Zeolites

The unallocated subsoil fund of the Khabarovsk Territory includes the Seredochnoye zeolite deposit with reserves of categories B + C 1 - 20.5 million tons, category C 2 - 31.6 million tons. The predicted resources of the deposit of category P 1 are estimated at 10 million tons of zeolites.

colored stones

In the Khabarovsk Territory, Amurkvarts LLC is preparing for the development of the Shumnoye technical agate deposit with category C 2 reserves.

The unallocated subsoil fund includes 3 rhodonite deposits with total ore reserves of C 1 + C categories of 2,777.7 tons, the Irnimiyskoye deposit with jasper reserves of C 2,30 thousand tons, and the Geran anorthosite deposit with ore reserves of C category of 2,444.8 thousand . t.

Approved predictive resources of colored stones are given below.

Mineral paints (ochre)

In the unallocated subsoil fund of the Khabarovsk Territory, the Pereyaslavskoe ocher deposit of the clay type with ore reserves of categories A + B + C 1 in the amount of 199.7thousand tons. Ocher corresponds to grades O-2, O-3. There are no approved predictive resources of mineral paints.

cement raw materials

In the unallocated subsoil fund of the Khabarovsk Territory, 3 deposits of cement raw materials are taken into account: Nilanskoye carbonate rocks (reserves of categories A + B + C 1,217.9 million tons, C 2,624.2 million tons), Sokdyukanskoye clay rocks (A + B + C 1 48 .7 million tons), Oborsk hydraulic additives (A + B + C 1 - 11.6 million tons, C 2 - 89.8 million tons).

Large occurrences of high-quality limestones in terms of reserves are known in Verkhnebureinsky and Ayano-Maysky districts. Due to the remoteness from transport highways, the predicted resources of manifestations were not estimated.

Clays bentonite and refractory

The unallocated subsoil fund owns the Urgal deposit of bentonite clays of the alkaline earth type with reserves of categories B + C 1 in the amount of 328 thousand tons and 3 deposits of refractory clays with total reserves of categories B + C 1 45.7 million tons, C 2 4.8 million tons.

In 1993, the resources of eluvial bentonite clays in the amount of 10 million tons of P 1 category and 20 million tons of P 2 category were tested in the Khabarovsk Territory. In 1998, the resources were taken off the state register.

Natural facing stones

In the region, 4 deposits of natural facing stones are taken into account by the State balance. The total reserves of В+С 1 categories are 3.09 mln m 3 , those of С 2 category are 0.8 mln m 3 . Amurkamen LLC is developing the Elbanskoye field c explored reserves. There was no production in 2015. The Birushinskoye, Kafe and Raduzhnoye deposits are in the unallocated subsoil fund.

Forecast resources facing stone missing.

building stones

In the Khabarovsk Territory, 48 deposits of building stones with total reserves of categories A + B + C 1 in the amount of 411.948 million m 3 and category C 2 104.6 million m 3 are taken into account. There are 39 deposits in the distributed subsoil fund with reserves of categories A + B + C 1,133.8 million m 3 and category C 2 68.5 million m 3. In 2015, 1.3 million m 3 of building stones were mined at 9 deposits of the region.

Perlite raw materials

The unallocated subsoil fund includes the perlite deposit Kolchanskoye with B + C category reserves of 1,724 thousand m 3 . Perlite resources have not been estimated.

Peat

The state balance includes 74 peat deposits with an area of ​​162.4 thousand hectares with total reserves of categories A + B + C 1 in the amount of 76.4 million tons, C 2 190.5 million tons. In 2015, peat was not mined.

In the region, 229 manifestations are known with an area of ​​532.5 thousand hectares (within the boundary of the industrial depth) with predicted peat resources of 730.3 million tons of P 1 category and 101.5 million tons of P 2 category.

In addition, 235 peat deposits have been identified with author's forecast resources of the P 1 and P 2 categories, amounting to 831.9 million tons on an area of ​​5310.7 km 2 within the industrial depth.

The groundwater

As of January 1, 2016, 64 fresh water deposits are accounted for in the Khabarovsk Territory. groundwater with total reserves in categories A + B + C 1 in the amount of 687.8 thousand m 3 / day, C 2 - 64.3 thousand m 3 / day. The deposits are located mainly in the regions of the industrial centers of the region, the share of groundwater in the balance of domestic and drinking water supply is 21%. The main sources of water supply are groundwater, confined to Pliocene-Quaternary alluvial, lacustrine-alluvial, volcanogenic formations, to a lesser extent to the zone of fracturing of Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks. The volume of fresh groundwater production in 2015 was 147.3 thousand m 3 /day.

Predicted fresh groundwater resources are estimated at 24.4 million m 3 /day.

Mineral underground waters are accounted for 5 deposits, reserves are 1417 m 3 /day in categories B + C 1 and 22 m 3 /day in category C 2. Including in the distributed subsoil fund there are reserves in the amount of 884 m 3 /day (62.4% of the total for the region) of categories B + C 1.

Locations of minerals in the Khabarovsk Territory and adjacent territories. Compiled by: © A.A. Evseev
Read more: Evseev A.A. . M., 2004. - 284 p. Attention: the name and binding (position on the map) of some locations requires clarification (shown on the map with red and brown icons). Maps are for educational purposes only.

Locations of minerals in the Khabarovsk Territory and adjacent territories ( Far East) with examples of findings. Compiled by: © A.A. Evseev. Marked with an arrow: Irnimiyskoye, Komsomolsky district, Konder, Merek, Olga, Tropinova Gora, Luck, Khakanja, Chergilen.Attention: The name and reference (location on the map) of some locations needs clarification (shown on the map with red and brown icons). Maps are for educational purposes only. More:\\k-12

Anorthosites! !\\ Geran massif, Dzhugzhdur, Khabarovsk region, Russia \\iris. anorthosites - Lennikov A., 1980 (l)

Brownite. Transverse deposit, Russia. Sample: FM (No. 83116. Collection of the museum, 1984). Photo 1-2: © A.A. Evseev.

Left to right: Gelvin, gentgelvin. Gelvin. Gelvinovaya mine (No. 63), Ilmensky mountains, Southern Urals, Russia. Sample: FM (No. 32991, Kryzhanovsky L.I.). Gentgelvin. Top. R. Uchur, Dzhugdzhur Mt., Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. Sample: FM (No. 69028, Ivanovsky A.G. Recorded in 1966). Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

Hydromagnesite \\ Taragay deposit, Khabarovsk kr. , Russia \\ hydromagnesite--FM (No. 75415, Smolin P.P., 1974)

Rhinestone

Shatnov Yu.A. et al., 1990. Rock crystal, quartz. Khabarovsk region

Graphite! \\

Jalindit*\\ Dzhalindinskoye deposit, Mal. Khingan, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia

jamsonite

Jamesonite. Roadside deposit, Khabarovsk Territory. Russia. Sample: FM (No.). Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

Gold!! _Khakandzha deposit (Au-Ag), ~100 km NW from Okhotsk \\ "In the placer of the Nash (Khakanja) stream and in the ore occurrence from which the placer was formed, a third of the gold is represented by crystals several millimeters in size. The crystals have the shape of cubes and octahedrons in combination with rarer forms, bear traces of skeletal growth (see Fig.) in the form of steps and funnels. There are also ribbon crystals, dendrites and stepped intergrowths. (Rascheskin E.V., 2004, 178)

Gold on platinum crystals. 2.5x6 mm. Mining Kondyor, Khabarovsk Territory. Photo: M.A. Bogomolov. \\ NMK-169

Isoferroplatinum!!! \\ Conder--xls, nuggets

Isoferroplatinum. Twins by (111). One is decorated with gold. ~ 0.5-0.7 cm. Conder, massif, Aldan Shield, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. Sample 1-2: FM (No. 92720, 92721. Pots. 2008). Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

Platinum [isoferroplatinum]. Twins 5-6 mm. Konder, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. Samples: W. Pinch\W.W. Pinch. Photo: © M. Moiseev \\ More photos - ttp://www.mindat.org/gallery.php?cform_is_valid=1&loc=4435&cf_pager_page=2

Indit*\\ Dzhalindinskoye deposit, Mal. Khingan, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia --FM_sist. (№65279)

Jasper ("irnimit"). Ir-Nimi, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. Mineralogical Museum of the Russian State Mining University, No. 802. Photo: A.A. Evseev.

Cadmium\\ top R. Maya, Khabarovsk region, Russia --FM_sist. (No. 80829, Novgorodova M.I.)

Map \\ physical map - http://www.khabkrai.ru/user_images/m_f_b.gif

Cassiterite

Cassiterite (crystals up to 1 cm). [Solnechnoe deposit], Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. Sample: V.G. Grishin. 2012.09. Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

Cassiterite (crystals up to 2 cm). [Merek], Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. Sample 1-2: Miner. RGGRU Museum (R-1308 (right). Gift: Tonkacheev.D., 2012.04.11). Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

1. Cassiterite (crystals 2-3 cm). Merek, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. 2. Cassiterite. Merek, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. 3 cm Samples: Min. RGGRU museum (R-1191. Evseev A.A., 2011.12). Photo: © A. Evseev.

Cassiterite. Merek, Khabarovsk region, Russia. Approx. 5 cm Sample: Min. museum to them. A.E. Fersman RAS (K-4596, Tolpegin Yu.G., 1991). Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

1. Quartz. Astafyevskoe deposit, Yu. Ural, Russia. (K-4657. Collection of the museum. Abramov D.A., 1995) 2. Quartz. Khingan deposit, Khabarovsk region, Russia (No. 31313. Gift: Prusevich N.A., 1992). Sample 1-2: Miner. museum to them. A.E. Fersman RAS. Photo: © A.A. Evseev \\ 33_12--Ast--Kha

Kotoite

Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

Kotoit. Gray granular aggregate of kotoite. containing crystals and spherulites of ludwigite. Gonochan deposit, near the lane. Treasury, hr. Dzhugdzhur, Khabarovsk region, Russia. Sample: FM (V.I. Stepanov Collection. ST 6944). Photo: © A.A. Evseev

L amprophyllite!!\\ Conder--xls< 6 см

Lamprophyllite. Konder, Khabarovsk Territory. Crystals up to 6 cm. Sample: FM (Andreev G.V.). Photo 1-2: A. Evseev.

Lomontite(?), amethyst in propylitized basalt (Paleogene). Belaya Gora deposit, Nikolaevsky district, Khabarovsk region, Russia.7 cm. Sample: Miner. Museum of MGRI-RGGRU (gift: Okulov A., 2011.10). A photo:© A.A. Evseev.

miserite

miserite. Chergilen, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. 7x7 cm. Sample: FM. Photo: © A.A. Evseev

Monticellite!!!\\ Conder - large xls \\ FM (No. 62870. Bogomolov M.A., 1961)

Monticellite. Konder, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. Sample: Miner. museum of RGGRU (Gift: Timofeev A.N.). Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

Marble\\ Birakanskoe deposit (Pink Rock), to the west of the Teploozerskoe deposit, Jewish Autonomous Region. It was used for lining the Moscow metro stations "Belorusskaya (rad.)", "Airport", "Sokol".

Far Eastern marble (Birokansky deposit (Pink Rock)) in the lining of the Belorusskaya metro station. Photo: © A. Evseev.

Nepheline\\ Conder-huge xls \ Geol. monuments of Russia, p.166

Orthoclase. Gray transparent columnar crystal (4.5 cm). Luck occurrence, 60 km south of the Kondyor massif, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. Sample: FM (No. 91405). Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

Rhodonite

Rhodonite. Ir-Nimiyskoye deposit, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. Mineralogical Museum of Moscow State Mining University, No. 1102. Photo: A.A. © Evseev.

Rhodonite. Shantar deposit, Shantar Islands, Far East, Russia. Sample: Museum "Gems". 2011.12.11. Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

Rhodonite with tephroite and spessartine. Teploozerskoye deposit, Mal. Khingan, Jewish Aut. region, Russia. More than 10x15 cm. Sample: Miner. museum to them. A.E. Fersman RAS(No. 82556. Kudinova L.A.). Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

Rhodochrosite!!

Tycanite*\\ Ir-Nimiyskoe deposit, Taikanskiy range, Khabarovsk kr. --FM (No. 84394, Kalinin V.V., 1986)

Toponymy\\ Burykin A. A. On the history and etymology of some toponyms of the Okhotsk coast
http://www.zaimka.ru/to_sun/burykin3.shtml

Thorostenstrupin* \\ Chergilen, Khabarovsk kr.--FM (No. 64285)

Tugarinovitis*\\ Lenskoe deposit (Mo-U), [Amur region], Vost. Siberia - FM (No. 81395. Kruglova V.G., 1981)

Ferrorhodsite*\\ Chad* and Conder*

Photo gallery _nature \\ http://www.adm.khv.ru/invest2.nsf/pages/ru/photoalbum.htm

colored stones\\ Zmievsky Yu.P., Fedorova L.K. Colored stones of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region. - Khabarovsk: DVIMS Publishing House, 2002. - 122 p.

Shorlomit!! \\ Conder-huge xls \ Geol. monuments of Russia, p.166

Euclase

Euclase [in the breed. Ulkansky massif], Dzhugdzhur, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. More than 10 cm. Sample: National Museum "Earth and People", Sofia. (No. 5696. Collection: M. Maleev). Photo: © A. Evseev. 2011.10.09.

Amber in coal. Kholodny key, Khabarovsk region, Russia. Sample: FM (No. 83127, Godovikov A.A.). Photo: © A.A. Evseev.

Yakhontovite* [greenish veinlets in oxidized ore]. Pridorozhnoye deposit*, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. Sample: FM (No. 84395. Postnikova V.P., 1986). Photo: © A.A. Evseev. \\

LOCATIONS OF MINERALS \ EXAMPLES OF FINDS

Birokanskoe deposit marble (Pink Rock), Jewish Autonomous Region, Far East, Russia

Far deposit, the sources of the river Chulbyu (100 km from the mouth on the road), right. adv. Uchura (above Chagda), Mt. Ket-Kap, [Khabarovsk Territory] \\ adit, etc. - a stockwork of quartz veins, in them - cavities, including sod. hundreds of kg of raw materials - horn. crystal and smoky quartz; crystals sod. incl. rutile. hematite. tremolite. phantoms with powders of pyrite and mica. min., "blue rays" \\ Source: Rascheskin E.V., 2004, 96-97

Jalinda deposit, 21 km NE from Khingansk, Far East, Russia \\ jalindit*; indit*; cassiterite - different. "woody tin"!!;

Jewish auth. region, Far East, Russia\\ useful. fossils- http://www.russianeconomy.ru/ - http://dic.academic.ru/ \\ Colored stones - http://www.myshared.ru/slide/821535/

-Deposits of non-metallic minerals in the Jewish Autonomous Region: Directory / Vrublevsky A.A., Kuzin A.A., Ivanyuk B.O., Ivanyuk M.B., - Khabarovsk-Birobidzhan: Amur Geographical Society, 2000. - 208 p.

Karadubskoe deposit (Sn), to the N from the city of Obluchie, Jewish Autonomous Region

Komsomolsky district. Khabarovsk Territory, Russia \\ Postnikova (Zvereva) V.P., Yakhontova L.K. Mineralogy of the hypergenesis zone of tin deposits in the Komsomolsk region. Vladivostok: Dal'nauka, 1984. 122 p. \\ Radkevich E. A., Korostelev P. G., Kokorin A. M. and others. Mineralized zones of the Komsomolsk region. M.: Nauka, 1967. 116 p.

Kuldursky deposit \ Kuldursky brucite. r-k, 14 km N from the village of Izvestkovy, Jewish Autonomous Region \\ from the world's largest deposits of brucite

Pravourmiyskoe deposit(W-Sn), Badzhalsky ore district, Khabarovsk Territory, RF \\ cassiterite!; topaz! \\ Semenyak B.I., Nedashkovsky A.P. Sulfostannates of copper and iron in the ores of the Pravourmiyskoye deposit // Ore deposits of the Far East - mineralogical criteria for forecasting, prospecting and evaluation. Vladivostok: FEGI FEB AS USSR. 1991. S. 11-12. \\ Semenyak B.I., Nedashkovsky A.P., Nikulin N.N. Indium minerals in the ores of the Pravourmiskoye deposit (Russian Far East), Geol. ore deposits. 1994. V. 36, No. 3. S. 230-236.

Radden occurrence Khingan block of the Bureya massif, Jewish Autonomous Region \\ agate!; opal! in rhyolites\\ http://www.myshared.ru/slide

Sofron Pr-tion, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia \\ barite-layer. agr. - photo; fluorite-druse is fractured. k-lov-photo \\ Rascheskin E.V., 2004, 208

Soyuznenskoye graphite deposit , Jewish Autonomous Region \\ "one of the largest in the world"

Taragai deposit, Jewish Autonomous Region, Russia \\ brucite; hydromagnesite - FM (No. 75415, Smolin P.P., 1974)

Teplozerskoe deposit, Jewish Autonomous Region, Russia \\ rhodonite!; tephroite; spessartine

Good luck pr-tion, district of the city of Kondyor, bn r. Yuna, Khabarovsk Territory \\ anataz!!-rec. xl 1.7 cm (for A. Stupachenko); brookit!!-black-short. prism. xls<1, 5-2 см; кварц!!-xls, обсосанные; пол. шпат!!-есть розовый, который быстро выцветает и становится серым; в 2001 г. в Минералогический музей им. А.Е. Ферсмана РАН поступили образцы от А. Ступаченко (его сборы за короткий период работы в 1987 г.)

Ulkan alkaline-granitoid complex \ Ulkan pluton, r. Ulkan, par. R. Uchur (upper tech.), bn r. Aldan, Dzhugdzhur Ridge, Khabarovsk Territory \\ astrophyllite granites; gentelvin; monazite; riebeckite; euclase \\ Lennikov A.M. Petrology of rapakivi-like granitoids of the Ulkan complex. - Vladivostok, 1978. -223 p. \\ slit. amphiboles, riebeckite (from pegmatites) -- Gamaleya Yu.N., 1970

--Genetic types of rare metals deposits of the Ulkan volcanogenic deflection a (Aldan shield, Russia) [Text] = Genetic types of rare metal deposits in the Ulkan volcanogenic trough (Aldan shield, Russia) / P. G. Nedashkovsky, V. A. Guryanov, V. E. Kirillov, B. L .Zalishchak; Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok), Geol. Rud. deposits. - 1999. - T. 41, N 4. - pp. 329-341

--Annotation: Formation-paragenetic classification of deposits of beryllium, niobium, tantalum, rare earths, molybdenum, uranium and gold, manifested in a paragenetic connection with the Early Proterozoic Ulkan volcano-plutonic complex of the rapakivi-granite formation, is given. The revealed paragenetic series of deposits (iron-manganese metasomatites, feldspatites, greisens, fenites, alkaline pegmatites and stockscheiders, albitites and hydrothermalites) is also typical for rapakivi granitoids of other regions: Ukrainian (Perzhansky complex) and Baltic (Pitkyaranta region) shields and Western Transbaikalia (Katuginsky complex). According to the variety of types and scale of ore occurrences and deposits Ulkansky deflection is estimated as a new rare-metal province of the East of Russia. \\

--Geological structure and Geological structure and metallogeny of Ulkan volcanogenic trough (south-east of Aldan shield) / N. G. Nedashkovsky, V. E. Kirillov, V. A. Guryanov, V. A. Pakhomova; Rep. ed. A. I. Khanchuk; RAN. Far East. dept. Far East. geol. in-t. - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2000. - 65, p. : silt, tab. - Bibliography: 44 titles. - ISBN 5-7442-1205-1: 20.00 p.m.
Res. Russian, English

--Annotation: The geological structure, magmatism, genetic types and ore formations of rare-metal-rare-earth, uranium-molybdenum and gold ore deposits and ore occurrences located in the Early Proterozoic Ulkan volcanic trough and paragenetically associated with the Ulkan rapaki-granite pluton are characterized. Two metallogenic epochs of ore formation have been established - the Early Proterozoic rare-earth metal and Late Proterozoic uranium-gold ore. A genetic classification of ore occurrences is proposed, including ferromanganese (pyroxmangitic) metasomatites, feldspatites, greisens, fenites, alkaline-granite pegmatites, stockscheiders, albitites, eisites, beresites and argillisites with commercial grades of niobium, tantalum, beryllium, lithium, uranium, gold and molybdenum. . Similar series of ore formations are characteristic of the rapakivi granites of the Ukrainian (Perzha complex) and Baltic (Pitkyaranta region) shields and Western Transbaikalia (Katuga complex). \\

Festival deposit, Komsomolsky district, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia \\ arsenopyrite!; woodwardite!(l); graphite! (l); cassiterite! - black crystal brushes; quartz!; poznyakit! (l); rhodonite!; serpierite! (l); tourmaline; scheelite \\ GOMS-2-1, 1986, p.338 \\ Yakhontova L. K., Postnikova (Zvereva) V. P., Vlasova E. V., Sergeeva N. E. New data on poznyakite, serpierite and woodwardite . - Report. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1981c. T. 256, N 5. S. 1221-1226.

Khakanja (Khakanja), deposit (Au-Ag), in the interfluve of Okhota and Kukhtui, ~ 100 km to the northwest of Okhotsk, Khabarovsk Territory, Russian Federation \\ adularia--FM; argentite; gold!!-skeletal crystals (Fig.); quartz; rhodonite; rhodochrosite - FM; sulfides; electrum; mineralization is associated with quartz and quartz-adular veinlets (Rascheskin E.V., 2004, 178); the deposit was discovered in 1960 (F.F. Veldyaksov et al., 1967) \\ adularia; rhodochrosite; MM \\ geological structure, features of the location of mineralization (V.G. Khomich) - http://www.fegi.ru/FEGI/sbornik2/art07/art07.htm \\ gold!!--"In the placer of the Nash stream (Khakanja ) and in the ore occurrence from which the placer was formed, the third part of gold is represented by crystals several millimeters in size. Crystals have the shape of cubes and octahedrons in combination with rarer forms, bear traces of skeletal growth (see Fig.) in the form of steps and funnels. There are also ribbon crystals, dendrites and stepped intergrowths". (Rascheskin E.V., 2004, 178)

Hakchan pr-tion of pegmatites 60 km to the north from the village. Uega (region of Okhotsk), Khabarovsk Territory, Russia \\ morion!-pr-ing in pegmatites; in the canyon of the Hakchan key at an altitude of 1500 m; search. - razv. worker - kr-ly dymch. quartz and morion up to 35 cm, contain defects (striations, gas-liquid inclusions) \\ Source: Rascheskin E.V., 2004, 47 (on the map - No. 5) 195-197

From publications

Berman Yu.S., Veldyaksov F.F. Characteristics of the gold of the Khakanja deposit / / Mater. according to geol. and useful. claim. Northeast of the USSR. Magadan: 1974. Issue. 21 (tr. SVTGU). pp. 117-130.

Veldyaksov F.F., Ryabov A.V., Starnikov Yu.G., Umitbaev R.B. A new type of epithermal gold-silver deposit / / Ore potential of volcanogenic formations of the North-East and the Far East. Magadan: 1967. S. 58-69. [Khakanja deposit]

Emelianenko E.P., Maslovsky A.N., Zalishchak B.L. et al. Patterns of distribution of ore mineralization on the Kondersky alkaline-ultrabasic massif // Geological conditions of localization of endogenous mineralization. Vladivostok: DVO AN SSSR, 1989, pp. 100-113.

Zmievsky Yu.P., Fedorova L.K. Colored stones of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region. - Khabarovsk: DVIMS Publishing House, 2002. - 122 p.

Kravtsova R.G., Solomonova L.A. Gold in pyrites of ores and metasomatites of gold-silver deposits of volcanogenic fields of Northern Okhotsk // Geochemistry. -1984. - No. 12. - S. 1867-1872.

Lazarenkov V.G. and others. Konder massif and its mineral deposits, M, Nauka, 1995.

Nedashkovsky P.G., Zalishchak B.L., Pakhomova V.A., Kirillov V.E., Guryanov V.A. Ulkan trough - a new rare-metal province of Russia // Proceedings for the International Symposium "Strategy for the use and development of the mineral resource base of rare metals in Russia in the 21st century". Moscow, 1998.

Nekrasov I. Ya., Ivanov V. V., Lennikov A. M., Oktyabrsky R. A., Sapin V. I., Zalishchak B. L., Molchanova G. B. Gold-copper-palladium mineral association of the Konder massif (southeast of the Aldan shield). // Sat. "Platinum in Russia (problems of development of the mineral resource base in the 21st century)". T.IV. 1999. S.51-59.

Palazhchenko V.I., Stepanov V.A., A.A. Danilov A.A. Association of minerals in gold-bearing skarns of the Ryabinovoye deposit (Khabarovsk Territory) \\ Dokl. RAN, 2005, v. 401, no. 6

Postnikova V.P., Yakhontova L.K. Mineralogy of the hypergenesis zone of tin deposits in the Komsomolsk region. - Vladivostok, 1984. - 124 p.

Radkevich E. A., Korostelev P. G., Kokorin A. M. et al. Mineralized zones of the Komsomolsk region. M.: Nauka, 1967. 116 p.

Rascheskin E.V. Flames of the North. Eastern Siberia through the eyes of a geologist. - Ekaterinburg: Studio GRAFO, 2004. - 280 p., ill.

Rudashevsky N.S., Mochalov A.G., Menshikov Yu.P., Shumskaya N.I. Ferrorhodsite(Fe,Cu)(Rh,Pt,Ir)2S4 is a new mineral. - ZRMO, 1998, part 127, c. 5, pp. 37-41 (mines Chad and Kondyor)

Sukhanov M.K., Nosik L.P. Graphite in the rocks of the Geran massif of autonomous anorthosites. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Ser. geol., 1989, N10, pp. 128-131.

finds of minerals according to the sheets of the world map: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -

The territory of the Khabarovsk Territory is part of the great ore belt. In terms of diversity and reserves, our region is one of the richest in Russia. In its bowels: coal, tin ore, gold and rare metals.

A tenth of all Far Eastern gold reserves, a quarter of platinum, half of copper, twenty percent of tin and about eight percent of coal lie in the bowels. The region's prospects for oil and gas are estimated at more than 5 billion tons of reference fuel, including onshore - 1 billion tons, on the shelf of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Tatar Strait - 4 billion tons.

The history of the study of minerals in the Khabarovsk Territory has been going on for more than a dozen years. For the first time, a large factual material on the geology of one of the most important regions of the Far East was summarized in the scientific publication of 1976 - "Geology of the USSR". Volume XIX, section The Amur part of the Soviet sector of the Pacific mobile belt.

In this work, scientists described deposits and manifestations of combustible and non-metallic minerals, as well as ferrous metals. These materials then gave an idea of ​​the prospects for ore and coal content, mining and technical conditions for the exploitation of deposits.

The numbers speak for themselves about the unique riches of the Khabarovsk Territory today.

According to official data, there are currently 218 deposits of various minerals in the region. Of these, only a quarter - or 48 - are involved in industrial development! The prospects are endless.

In addition, the region is rich in resources that are not yet mined. For example, six iron ore deposits have been described on the territory of the Tuguro-Chumikansky district. Forecast - more than 3 billion tons. Titanium ores are concentrated in Ayano-Maisky and the Lazo region. The reserves are 66 million tons. On the territory of Nikolaevsky, Ulchsky and Komsomolsky districts of the region, 5 deposits and more than 20 occurrences of aluminum have been identified.

Well, besides, the Khabarovsk Territory is the only region of Russia where the development of tin deposits continues.

Metal production at the deposit in the Verkhnebureinsky district increased by almost 3.5 times compared to the previous year. After two years of inactivity, the Solnechnaya enrichment plant in the village of Gorny, Solnechny district, began production of tin concentrate.

As you can see, the wealth is really unique. However, mining is only the beginning of a long work with valuable substances.

Precious reserves need to be enriched. This is the most important intermediate link between extraction and use. Some sort of preprocessing. Enrichment allows you to significantly increase the concentration of valuable components. The theory of enrichment is based on the analysis of the properties of minerals and their interaction in separation processes - minerallurgy.

Enrichment is a very complex process in itself. Minerals go through different operations. And what is important - modern factories do not harm the environment. Daniil Maevsky observed how the coal of the Urgal deposit in the Khabarovsk Territory is enriched and how the properties of the fuel change at the output.

According to experts, there are approximately one billion two hundred tons of coal in the bowels of the Urgalskoye deposit. Now it is being mined continuously, in an automated mode. A valuable fossil is cut in layers by a special harvester, after which it gets to the surface along conveyor belts. But before solid fuel is sent to the consumer, it must be enriched, that is, its quality must be improved. This process takes place in a newly built factory.

The main goal is to get a concentrate - pure coal without impurities. At the first stage, the raw materials are divided into three classes: large, small and ultra-fine. This is done with the help of screening. Thanks to vibration, coal is filtered through a sieve with different mesh sizes. After that, each fraction is separated into concentrate, middlings and waste using hydrocyclones, separators and centrifuges. This plant operates on the principle of enrichment with the help of a heavy medium - magnetite suspension. A mixture of iron ore concentrate and water separates the rock from the coal. It should be noted that the factory is environmentally friendly. During enrichment, sludge waters are formed. They contain coal particles less than half a millimeter in size. In order to remove impurities, sludge waters are settled with a special reagent.

This coal dust sludge is lifted by pumps to the filter press, pulled out and we get the dehydration process, we also separate the sludge from the water.

After cleaning, two thousand cubic meters of water are again included in the enrichment process. The main indicator of the quality of processed coal is the percentage of its ash content.

Evgeny Erofeev, head of production at the Chegdomyn processing plant

Our concentrate with ash is 18, middlings with ash is 34. The rock is shipped to be taken to dumps in rock dumps, our middlings concentrate is shipped directly to wagons and taken to the port of Vanino, where we have further shipment.

Before the coal is received by consumers, it is tested in a certified international laboratory.

We start our working day strictly with control. We made a control, and then we start working directly with the coal samples that came to our laboratory.

Here, the finished product is checked for moisture and sulfur content, combustion temperature, volatile matter and ash content are determined.

Olga Protopopova, laboratory assistant at the Chegdomyn processing plant

We show the quality of coal, by the physical chemical qualities that coal has.

By 2018, the production and enrichment at this plant should reach twelve million tons per year. The Khabarovsk Territory needs two million. The rest will go to foreign markets.

The extraction of any mineral begins long before the first ton of finished products. The cornerstone of the whole system is geologists. For example Albazinsky gold deposit. It has been mentioned since 1912, when a placer was discovered along the Bolshoy Kuyan stream and its tributary, the Ivanovsky key.

But it was officially discovered in 1990 by Anatoly Kurochkin, at that time a senior geologist of the Lower Amur Geological Exploration Expedition. Search and evaluation work was carried out until 2005. The industrial potential of the deposit was doubled, but it failed to convince potential investors of its prospects. Calculations, and most importantly - flair suggested to the geologist that there was truly a gold mine here. Together with him, his youngest daughter Anfisa went down in history.

The father named the ore-bearing zone in honor of his favorite, now it is known as Anfisinskaya. By the way, this is not the only zone in the area that bears a female name. It turns out that another geologist immortalized his wife Olga in this way, so the Olga zone appeared. And in the 90s, the Albazinskoye deposit grew with another interesting object - the Ekaterininsky ore zone. The author of this discovery could have named it after his wife or daughter, continuing a good tradition. But he was modest. And the zone was called Ekaterininsky after the name of the stream where the search was conducted.

By the way, if we talk about the Albazinskoye field, it is thanks to the work of geologists that it was possible to change the forecasts for reserves upwards - more than twice. Including due to the fact that various innovations help specialists in their work today. What new technologies are used in the Khabarovsk Territory, we talked about this with a representative of one of the largest companies in the extraction of precious metals.

Vladimir Makhinya, Deputy Director of the Khabarovsk branch of OJSC "Polymetal Management Company" for mineral resources

Interview

So we will follow how new technologies will help change the map of minerals in the Khabarovsk Territory, stay with us on the TV channel

The state of the mineral resource base

The Khabarovsk Territory is one of the largest regions of Russia in terms of potential mineral resources. Placer deposits of gold and platinum, deposits of ore gold, tin, alunite, coal and lignite are the main ones for the region's economy. There are prerequisites for the discovery of unique and large deposits of complex apatite-ilmenite-titanomagnetite vanadium-containing ores, nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, alunite, zircon. Areas promising for rare earths, tungsten, platinum group minerals, oil and gas have been identified.

Gold.

In 2008, the Khabarovsk Territory was in the top five regions in terms of ore gold production, and the volume of production increased at all enterprises (AS Amur, CJSC Mnogovershinnoye and LLC Okhotskaya GGK). The basis of the gold mining industry of the region is 360 deposits registered by the State Balance with total reserves of B + C1 + C2 categories of 279.9 tons. The main balance reserves of gold cat are concentrated in 24 primary deposits. В+С1 129378 kg (76% of the regional reserves), cat. С2 103318 kg (94% of the reserves of the edge of cat. С2), total reserves of cat. В+С1+С2 are 232.7 tons. In 335 alluvial deposits, gold reserves of cat. B + C1 are 40564 kg and cat. С2 6579 kg, total reserves of cat. В+С1+С2 make up 47.1 t. In the complex tin-sulfide ores of the Festivalnoe deposit, 32 kg of gold cat. C2. The distributed fund includes 59 developed deposits, including 9 primary, 49 alluvial and 1 complex, 27 alluvial deposits being prepared for development and 34 explored, including 11 primary and 23 alluvial deposits. The undistributed fund includes 207 gold deposits, including three ore deposits: Khotorchanskoye and Chachika with reserves of cat. С2 4.8 t, Oemkunskoe with off-balance reserves – 517 kg; 204 alluvial deposits with reserves of cat. B+C1 18.7 t, cat. С2 0.7 t and off-balance sheet 7.1 t. Gold mining is carried out by 17: OJSC AS Amur, CJSC Mnogovershinnoye, OJSC AS DV Resources, OJSC Okhotskaya GGK, PK AS Primorye, LLC Ros-DV, LLC ZAS Alpha, PC AS Vostok, PC AS Vostok-2, AS Zarya LLC, NPF Compass Geoservice LLC, AS Niman LLC, GGK Plast LLC, PC AS "Pribrezhnaya", ZAO AS "Amgun-1", OOO ZDK "Dalnevostok", OOO GGP "Marekan", and incidentally OOO "Vostokolovo".

Platinum.

As of January 1, 2009, the total balance reserves of platinum group metals in the Khabarovsk Territory amounted to about 23,380 kg. The balance includes 3 alluvial deposits: r. Conder, b. Vorgalan and brook Mokhovoy. Platinum has been mined at the Konder deposit of OJSC AS Amur since 1984. In 2008, 5,095 kg of platinum slip was mined. On the whole, the balance reserves of schlich platinum of category B + C1 for the deposit amount to 15150 kg, off-balance - 1947 kg. The balance takes into account the reserves of schlich platinum category C2 deposits of the lower reaches of the river. Vorgalan in the amount of 8230 kg. Based on the productivity of 2900 thousand m3/year, the availability of balance reserves for OJSC AS Amur is 10.9 years. Off-balance sheet reserves of the deposit cr. Mokhovaya (right-hand side of the river Chad) are taken into account by the artel of prospectors "Vostok", the deposit is not mined. JSC AS Amur has completed prospecting for platinum ore within the Kondersky intrusive massif and its framing, the predicted resources of category P2 are estimated at 7.3 tons.

Silver.

The state balance includes 15 deposits with balance reserves of more than 2508.4 tons. The main reserves of silver are in the Khakanja (1624.2 tons) silver-gold deposit, which makes up 82.8% of the reserves in the region. 7 deposits are being developed for silver in the region: 2 tin ore (Festivalnoye and Pravourmiyskoye), 3 silver-gold ore deposits (Mnogovershinnoye, Khakanja and Yuryevskoye) and 2 gold ore deposits (Tukchi, Usmun). In 2008, 88.1 tons were mined from the bowels, including 66.8 tons at the Khakanja and Yuryev deposits (Okhotsk Mining and Geological Company OJSC).

Tin.

Three tin ore districts have been identified within the region: Komsomolsky, Badzhalsky, and Buta-Koppinsky, as well as the Dusse-Alinsky region with tin placers. V-17 818 t, cat. C1 - 267175 t, cat. В+С1 –284993 t, cat. C2 - 137860 tons, of which 17818 tons, 266651 tons, 284469 tons and 137442 tons, respectively, for primary deposits, 524 tons for alluvial deposits cat. C1 and 418 t cat C2. Off-balance reserves are equal to 20964 tons, of which 20910 tons fall on primary deposits, 54 tons on alluvial deposits. Accounting for tin reserves is carried out for 12 deposits: 10 primary and 2 alluvial deposits, including one placer with only off-balance reserves (Agdoni River). The group of developed fields includes three fields - Festivalnoye, Perevalnoye (LLC Vostokolovo) and Pravourmiyskoye (LLC Pravourmiyskoye). The remaining deposits are listed in the unallocated fund. In total, the undistributed fund includes 9 deposits with total balance reserves of tin: cat. В+С1 – 88476 t, cat С2 – 69775 t. For 2008 in the region, 386 tons of tin were mined from the bowels, including at the deposits: Festivalnoe 90 tons, Perevalnoye 24 tons, Pravourmiysky 272 tons. Vostokolovo LLC delivers the mined ore to the processing plant Dalolovo LLC, where it is processed. At the Pravourmiyskoye deposit, all work on the extraction and processing of ore was carried out by CJSC Artel Prospectors Amgun-1. The resulting tin concentrate was sent to JSC "Novosibirsk Tin Plant".

Coal.

As of 01.01.2009, the GBZ in the Khabarovsk Territory counts 6 coal deposits, including 34 plots (objects of accounting), including 3 with brown and 31 with hard coal. The main part of the balance reserves of cat. A+B+C1 (80.5%) is represented by bituminous coals, much less (19.5%) by brown coals. The balance reserves of hard coal (80.6% of the 1645.5 million tons explored in the region) are concentrated in the Bureya basin. Mining operations were carried out by JSC "Urgalugol" at the Severny Urgal site (for mines), the Urgalskaya mine, the Bureinsky and Marekansky open pits. The main amount of coal in the region was mined at the Urgal deposit: at the Severny Urgal site (for mines) and the Bureinsky open pit (69.1 and 22.7%, respectively, of the total production in the region). In 2008, 1603 million tons of coal were mined, in including 1548 million tons of stone and 0.055 million tons of brown, while 26.1% - by open pit. Coal mining in the Khabarovsk Territory decreased by 109 thousand tons (4.6%), which is associated with the technical re-equipment of underground lavas carried out by OJSC Urgalugol. There is a possibility of increment of hard coal reserves due to the exploration of coal-bearing areas in the Khudurkanskaya area, carried out by OJSC AS "Amur" under the license HAB 02256 TE. The main reserves and predicted resources (12.93 billion tons) of brown coal are concentrated in the Middle Amur basin. The total reserves of the Khurmulinskoye, Lianskoye and Marekanskoye deposits, capable of providing energy raw materials to remote areas of the region, are estimated at 322.5 million tons. The extraction of brown coal amounted to only 3.4% of the total in the Khabarovsk Territory and was carried out by an open method. Eco-DV LLC, under license HAB 02055 TE, carried out exploration and production of brown coal at the Mukhenskoye deposit in the Nanai district. Coal reserves in the author's figures are 6770 thousand tons for category C1, 4781 thousand tons for category C2.

Anastasia Khaustova

What do we know about minerals? In general, that they are located deep in the bowels of the earth and are necessary for the development of the economy, and hence the well-being of the inhabitants of a single subject of the country. How rich is the Khabarovsk Territory in this respect? What natural sources provide us with the title of the leading region for extraction and processing? Why do experts note that almost all of our territory is strewn with natural resources? We understand and tell

Intelligence

Experts note the Tokinskoye deposits in the Ayano-Maysky district as promising, moving here from the territory of Yakutia. Here, almost on the surface, thick layers of high-quality coals lie. The start of their development is delayed due to the remoteness of the area and the lack of reliable transport links. In addition to coal, there are apatites, titanium with vanadium. There are prerequisites for copper-nickel deposits with platinum. Some geologists believe that they are similar to the unique Norilsk ores. Exploration of several sections of coal deposits at Urgal has recently been completed, in which foreign investors are showing interest.

Today, non-ferrous metals, coal are mined, deposits of building materials are being developed: rubble stone, sand, clay. The main part of the gold is mined by prospectors' artels. Recently, much attention has been paid to the search for and production of hydrocarbon raw materials - oil and gas. At the current rate of extraction, the explored reserves of coal will last us 400-500 years. These are the Urgal deposits, Khurmuli, Marekan. There are coal deposits in almost every region, although they are far from being well studied everywhere.

Ore minerals were constantly searched for in the region. Tungsten, lead, copper, zinc, and indium are also registered in Komsomolsk and Badzhalsk districts.

Since the 1940s, regular and targeted geological research has been carried out in the region, the main purpose of which was the exploration of minerals, and in the 60s, mining enterprises were opened - Solnechny mining and processing plant, stone quarries of the Lesser Khingan cement plants, new gold mines, numerous quarries for the development of gravel, sand, building stones, the bases of existing coal mining enterprises, the extraction of non-ferrous metals: copper, lead, zinc, expanded. During the years of the Great

World War II, a reserve raw material base was created at the Umalta deposit, and molybdenum began to be mined. It was delivered by aircraft to tank factories.

The turnover of gold was controlled by the state. Already in 1925, the first state trust for the extraction and purchase of gold was created in Khabarovsk, which included enterprises from Transbaikalia, the Amur Region and Primorye.

The search for silver deposits acquired great importance - in tsarist times, money was made from this metal, there were negligible resources for their manufacture, raw materials had to be purchased abroad, so the eastern outskirts fell into the center of attention of the country's leadership precisely from the point of view of discovering silver deposits. In fact, they were never found.

Exploration of the bowels of the Khabarovsk Territory and the development of mineral deposits began at the end of the 19th century, especially after the discovery of the first placer of gold by N. Amosov. The main gold-bearing zone stretched along the mountains and foothill plains. On the modern "golden" map of the region, the places where they found their success are still known - Briakan, Sofiysk, Veseli Gorki. Gold was mined everywhere on the Amur and all the way to the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

REFERENCE

On our territory there are significant reserves and resources of non-ferrous, rare metals, building materials. Deposits of agrochemical raw materials, colored stones, mineral underground waters, therapeutic mud and mineral paints have also been identified.

Deposits of ore and placer gold, placer platinum, tin, black and brown coal, mineral waters and building materials are being developed.

More than 50 enterprises carry out exploration work in the region. The increase in reserves in 2015 amounted to: gold - 418-430 kg, silver - 307.2 tons. The bulk of exploration work will traditionally be carried out for precious metals. In 2016, it is planned to carry out exploration work at the Noni gold deposit, prospecting and exploration work at the Dyappe gold deposit, prospecting and appraisal work for ore gold in the Chulbatkanskaya area, on the flanks of the Mnogovershinnoye deposit. Exploration of the Albazino deposit and exploration work on its flanks will continue.

It is planned to start exploration of the Malmyzhsky gold-copper-porphyry deposit, continue prospecting and appraisal work for copper and molybdenum at the Sulukskaya area in the Verkhnebureinsky district, prospecting and appraisal work for copper and molybdenum at the Kovrizhenskaya area, which is located simultaneously in two districts of the Khabarovsk Territory: its southern part (Bichi river basin) belongs to the Ulchsky municipal district, and the northern part (Amgun river basin) belongs to the district named after. Polina Osipenko, prospecting and appraisal work for copper, molybdenum at the Khvoshcheva area, located in the area of ​​them. Lazo.

RESOURCES

The Far East is so close to China, which is seen as the largest consumer of oil and gas. Despite such a neighborhood, the territories of our oil and gas province, in comparison with the territories of the Celestial Empire, are poorly studied today. Take, for example, the Middle Amur Basin, which continues into the Sanjiang Basin in China, where thirty-three wells were drilled during exploration and an oil and gas field was discovered. We have only three wells, and this did not bring any special results. After that, the financing of the work was suspended, and so far the resumption is not planned, although geologists see potential in our region.

Our main hydrocarbon reserves are located on Sakhalin and the adjacent shelf of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. The Far East produces almost 1.4% of gas and just over 2.5% of oil of the total throughout Russia. According to experts, the country's existing reserves will be enough for another 15-20 years.

prospects

The main hope for replenishing hydrocarbon reserves is the development of the Arctic shelf, where more than 85% of our country's oil and gas resources are concentrated. So, in the early eighties of the last century in the western sector of the Russian Arctic, these are the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea, deep exploratory drilling was started: the first wells were drilled on the islands. One immediately bore fruit: the Peschanoozernoye oil and condensate gas field was discovered on Kolguev Island. By the mid-eighties, three more fields were discovered, and a few years later, four more: two oil and two unique gas fields. The nineties brought researchers eight more deposits. Their total reserves are estimated at more than 10 trillion m3 of gas and half a billion tons of oil.

Today, researchers are actively working to study the coast of the Arctic, which in the future will help to finally determine the northern borders of Russia. After that, it will be possible to start reconnaissance in this territory.

Slates

Meanwhile, oil reserves are declining, so it is necessary to look for alternative sources of hydrocarbons. One of them is oil shales, sedimentary rocks formed at the bottom of the sea from plant and animal remains about 450 million years ago. Shale volumes are much larger than the already discovered oil reserves: 650 trillion tons, containing up to 630 billion tons of shale tar. According to experts, this will last at least 300 years. Nevertheless, it is too early to rely on shale oil, because the pleasure is not cheap: the extraction of traditional oil still requires less capital investment.

Origin

There is a hypothesis about the inorganic origin of oil. If it is true, then the resources are inexhaustible.

Back in Soviet times, there was a theory about the formation of oil from a substance located at great depths, at the highest temperatures and pressures. In this case, hydrocarbons will flow to the surface as long as the Earth is alive. This topic is still the subject of heated debate among scientists. One of the weighty arguments in its defense is the oil secretions that appeared in the last century in Dagestan. It is a well-known fact that during the Great Patriotic War, hydrocarbon resources were exhausted. At that time, the so-called predatory mining was carried out - it was necessary to fuel the tanks. All wells were pumped dry: they were abandoned and moved to other places. Then, in 1970, at a meeting of experts in the field of oil and gas geology, a rather interesting case was reported. The fact is that in the Grozny region, also during the war, all the oil was pumped out. And after the object has completely worked out its resources, it is no longer exploited and plugged. But some time after that, local residents began to talk about the mothballed wells gushing again: films appeared on the surface, then leaks, pronounced oily spots. From this it was concluded that oil was again seeping through the faults. This became an indirect confirmation of the existence of inorganic oil. Another fact of the existence of "deep oil" is the Vietnamese field "White Tiger". Here, granites are the reservoirs of oil and gas.

Search

It all begins with a sedimentary basin—a large region where, over the course of many millions of years, sedimentary strata accumulate layer by layer. If a powerful river flows nearby, carrying a lot of sand, silt, pebbles, then the rate of precipitation accumulation is high. Do not forget about the various leaves, tree trunks, the reproduction of all kinds of bacteria. The greater this thickness of sediments, the greater the prospects. When all this so-called organic matter sinks to the depths, it begins to change. The stage of catagenesis sets in—when the sediment turns into rock.

First of all, they study the composition of the sedimentary basin: first, along its edges, so as not to drill wells, because the work is expensive. In addition, it is believed that oil and gas accumulate in "domes", some kind of hills. And when study geology, explore not only the surface structure, but also the deep one. On the basis of these studies, they are already purposefully beginning to drill these uplifts. Moreover, there may be more than a dozen of them, and oil and gas will be found in only one. Therefore, the definition of a deposit is a matter not only of science, but also of luck.

Mining

After the discovery of a promising field, a decision is made to drill wells and install equipment on them. The process can take from a month to a year. A drilling rig is used to drill a well. The bit - it performs the main work - is lowered into the well. During drilling, a special solution passes through the pipes, which cools the bit and at the same time pushes the rock to the surface.

Also, oil can flow naturally from wells, since it is in parent formations under pressure. But this does not last long, after which experts resort to mechanized mining. Various pumps are used, or otherwise pressurized gas is injected into the well. As you know, the lower the pressure, the more complex the technologies used.

Oil and gas come out of wells with various impurities. All this is measured to determine the percentage of water and associated gas. Then, in a special apparatus, the oil is separated from the gas, after which it enters the collection pipeline and is sent through it to the refinery.

When the field exhausts its resources, the wells are mothballed or liquidated. This is necessary in order to protect the environment and ensure the safety of people's lives.

Methods

Snow photography is getting better and better. In Yakutia, for example, there are very wetlands. Since it is useless to try to walk through the swamp in summer, geologists take snow samples in winter. It turns out that the snow is also saturated with gas. Then this gas can be extracted and determined whether it exists or not, whether it is methane or, maybe, some higher series. Our Khabarovsk researchers have also carried out snow surveys several times. In the near future, they plan to study the Middle Amur basin in more detail, which looks like a simple plain, but there are grabens there. All this has already been taken into account and recorded by our specialists. Due to the inability to drill wells, it is planned to continue snow surveys, studying three or four grabens a year. Therefore, the work of the staff of the Laboratory of Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins will be more than enough for many years to come.

A LIFE

Why does a person consciously choose a profession that requires discomfort and deprivation? Because on the other side of the scale there is something much more - friendship that is indelible with time, a sea of ​​​​knowledge about everything that surrounds, a firm belief that the result justified all the rains and winds that had to be

Vocation

Most geologists cannot give the exact reason for choosing a profession, referring only to the spirit of adventurism and the desire to immerse themselves in an atmosphere of complete romance. Indeed, behind the discovery of new deposits are the fates of people who have spent months away from their mothers, wives, and children. Their faces are often weather-beaten, their stomach grumbles with hunger, sometimes they have to sleep on frozen ground, and behind them is a backpack, the weight of which can reach 50 kg. And this despite the fact that the length of the route per day can be tens of kilometers. Geologists of the Soviet era are hopeless romantics, for whom the smell of a fire and the unhurried sounds of a guitar from a tent are part of life, and the loud “I found it!” — the greatest happiness.

Personnel training

Geologists are not trained in Khabarovsk and have never been trained. The nearest forge of personnel was located in Vladivostok - the local polythen has been graduating geologists for more than one year. Today, the corresponding faculty has been made part of the Far Eastern Federal University and renamed the “school”. However, in Russia, geologists still continue to graduate in Chita, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Yekaterinburg, Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yakutsk.

Working mode

Geologists divide the whole year into two far from equivalent periods: cameral and field. In the first case, specialists work in offices, study maps, describe the results of past trips, and draw up reports. Most often it is autumn, winter, a few months of spring - a time when it is impossible to walk through the taiga. In some regions, the field season starts in April, in others in March—it all depends on the climate zone. There are areas where technicians start to drop in as early as February— they arrive at the place where the geological party will be located in the future, determine how best to organize the necessary living conditions here.

Conditions

The bases are several objects erected right in the middle of the wild forest. In the 1970s and 1980s, geologists often lived in tents - they actually slept on bare ground. Often, full-fledged wooden houses (sometimes two-story) were made for land explorers - it was, of course, much more comfortable to live in them. Mandatory buildings were a bathhouse and a kitchen. At some bases, they even installed Russian ovens to bake bread. In a word, all conditions are created so that geologists can rest and process the information collected while moving along the route. When it came to the development of a large field, entire settlements of geologists were built, people lived in them for years, transported their families, and in order to fully provide Soviet specialists with everything they needed, schools, kindergartens, and cultural centers were built for them. Concerts were held in such settlements, significant public holidays were celebrated, and after hours discussions were held about the boundless riches of the bowels of our earth. Now large companies hiring geologists can afford to organize very decent conditions. In some cases (especially when it comes to construction and when there is no need to be in the forest all the time), the management of such business structures rents apartments and hotel rooms for specialists. If, nevertheless, there is a need to work in the taiga, full-fledged bases are built, comfortable trailers, shower cabins are installed, meals are organized. However, in most expeditions carried out exclusively in the interests of the state, tents, fires, and the aroma of freshly prepared “taiga” soup with stew remain relevant.

Talents

The geological environment is full of craftsmen and frankly creative personalities. Someone does not part with a guitar on routes, some organize table tennis tournaments, others become active fans of astrology—the sky far from the city is especially beautiful, even the rarest constellations can be seen on its low vault. At all times, geologists have not ignored the favorite male hobby - fishing. In urban life, the talents of subsurface explorers are also very active: for example, one of the Khabarovsk geologists plays the cello, there were also those who wrote poetry.

The atmosphere of the development of many routes remained vivid memories in the photographs -   whole albums collected personalities, places, life, captured on film. Some masters even filmed a chronicle, and upon returning from the expedition, they arranged joint viewings in the assembly halls of the administrations. Filmed their films and took gorgeous photos and Khabarovsk geologists. Their works are still kept in the Territorial Fund of Geological Information for the Far Eastern Federal District.

Work

Before starting work on the ground, experts study the so-called predecessor maps. Geologists have explored any area for many years, making records in the documentation. Later, expeditions are carried out on its basis, during which a new generation of specialists makes their comments on existing maps. The principle of continuity is one of the key ones. The first mining services in our country appeared under Peter I, and in the Far East this activity originates from Primorye - there are specialized publications in the archives, which, by the way, because of the valuable information they contain, are in demand among contemporaries who develop territories .

The first stage of work on the spot is the study and comparison of the rocks taken. The geologist must be convinced that there are minerals in the area at all and that their industrial development is expedient. Further, painstaking, rather lengthy work, based on patience, a store of knowledge — even students are required to have information about at least 500 minerals. You can't just learn paleontology or mineralogy just like that - you have to work with the collection, study in paleontological and mineralogical museums. You also need to know physics, higher mathematics, computer science, technical and theoretical mechanics, engineering graphics and a sea of ​​other disciplines at the same time. After all, when you walk through the area, you need to keep in mind information about the relief, the features of soil formation, and much more.

Equipment

The classic image of a geologist is a coarse-knit sweater, military trousers, an impressive stubble on his face. In fact, the most important components are a geological hammer, a pencil and a notepad for documenting outcrops and writing down invented hypotheses, as well as relief sketches. Now, when developing large deposits, a large amount of equipment is used, they try to make the process as automated and high-tech as possible, organizing the work of miniature laboratories on the spot.

Investments

Many commercial structures understand the importance of the work of geologists and are not stingy with paying high remuneration. The incomes of employees of oil concerns can amount to several thousand dollars, and specialists in government departments can barely reach several hundred.

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