Do-it-yourself metal frame for stairs materials. Making a metal staircase and assembling it with your own hands

In houses with more than one floor, stairs are required. This is not only a functional structure, designed to rise to the premises located on the following floors, but also an important part interior. The first impression largely depends on the appearance of the stairs. interior design Houses.

Its design can be made from various materials, but most owners of private houses prefer to use a metal frame as the basis of the stairs. A staircase on a metal frame, created by oneself, becomes the pride of a home master, even if he used a ready-made structure purchased in a specialized store for its construction.

Taking care of the convenience of the residents of the house, the specialists take a responsible approach to choosing the type of stairs, and also perform all the calculations necessary to comply with the SNIP norms. Subject to these standards, the staircase will be comfortable and safe to use, and high-quality finish will turn it into an interior decoration.

Varieties of metal frames for stairs

The choice of a metal structure for a staircase is influenced by many factors, including the availability of free space for its placement, a slope that allows you to comfortably climb it. In the absence of a suitable metal frame, you can contact a specialized workshop where you can order the required design option.

There are several main types of metal frames for:

• steps are fixed on stringers - load-bearing supports Oh. In this variant, there may be both one kosour, on which the middle of the flight of stairs is attached, and two kosour, located at both ends of the steps;

  This frame is usually used for stairs of small width.

• the frame consists of two bearing supports (strings) located on the sides of the ladder structure. For their manufacture, channels or durable sheet metal in the form of plates are used;

  The metal frame on a double stringer is one of the most popular in terms of manufacturing and installation

• screw type of frame, made in the form of a support post, which serves for fastening to it in a circle of steps. To fix them with outside kosour or bowstrings can be used.

  This type of metal frame is distinguished by its special elegance.

The choice of the type of metal frame largely depends on how the staircase will be finished. Most often, wood is chosen as a finishing material. This material is most organically combined with metal. According to the method of designing the metal frame, the stairs are divided into two subspecies:

• Semi-open. The frame is not fully covered with wood. Usually only wooden steps fixed on supports are used. The structure can be added wooden railings or balusters.
• Closed. Covered metal frame wood trim. Carefully fitted details give the structure an elegant appearance, almost indistinguishable from a wooden product.

When choosing wood for finishing a metal frame Special attention pay to the type of wood, considering not only the texture and color of the material, but also its strength.

Oak and beech are considered the most resistant to external influences. However, due to the high cost of wood of these species, ash is more often used, which also has excellent quality.

Stair calculation rules

To create stairs that are comfortable and safe to use, you must first study the requirements for these structures, imposed by SNIP. Building codes provide for the construction of flights of stairs, the width of which is at least 70 cm. However, for comfortable use, stairs designed for private houses should be about 100 cm wide.

The rules also regulate the height and width of the steps, convenient for climbing flight of stairs. Their height should be in the range of 14–18 cm, and their width should be 27 cm (the average size of a male foot). In order for the stairs to be as comfortable as possible to use, its slope should be within 25–30 °.

For creating metal stairs it is necessary to measure the distance between the ceiling of the room and its floor. Its value will allow you to calculate the length of the structure, taking into account the required slope of the flight of stairs. To do this, a sketch is drawn in the form of a triangle, one side of which will have the value of the measured distance.

The length of the second side of the triangle will determine the angle of inclination of the flight of stairs, which acts as the hypotenuse of the resulting geometric figure. The calculation of its length, performed according to the standard formula, will make it possible to calculate the number of steps.

To determine the number of steps, it is necessary to divide the length of the flight of stairs by the width of the tread, optimal size which is 30 cm. Based on the measured distance between the floor and the ceiling, the comfortable height of the riser is calculated by dividing it by the number of steps.

For example, with a floor height of 250 cm and an average step height of 17 cm, their number will be 14.7 cm. When rounded to a whole number, 15 steps are obtained. At the same time, it should be taken into account that there will actually be 14 steps, since the last of them will be the overlap of the second floor.

If necessary, the height and width of the steps can be adjusted within the range of allowable values. If, subject to the required angle of inclination, the flight of stairs turns out to be too long, then it can be divided into two parts by a landing. Its depth should correspond to the width of the span.

This stage requires special attention, since the reliability of the design depends on the accuracy of the calculations.

Making a metal structure frame with your own hands

You can take on the creation of a metal frame for stairs only if House master has skills welding work. Otherwise, it is better to get the creation of a metal structure to specialists. Without the presence of a welding machine, this work will not be possible.

For craftsmen who are starting to manufacture a metal frame for stairs for the first time, it is better to choose a design on stringers. As a material for the manufacture of kosour, you can use metal pipes square or rectangular section or channel. Since welding will be used to create the frame, a channel that is correctly selected according to the section is better suited for the manufacture of stringers. With their manufacture, the creation of a metal frame begins. Let us consider in more detail the main stages of creating a metal frame:

1. The number of stringers depends on the width of the stairs. If the width of the flight of stairs is more than 900 mm, then the use of two elements is recommended.
2. After making the kosour of the required size, you can start welding the frames for the steps. For their manufacture are used metal corners cut to desired size.
3. First of all, weld the knots designed to hold the steps - "filly". They are made in the form of a design similar to the letter "G".
4. The next step will be welding two guides made of channels to the filly. After welding them with stringers, a structure will be obtained that has ready-made attachment points for the steps.
5. After preparing the places for the steps, the frame is fixed to the installation site. In the upper part of the stringers, anchors are welded, designed to fasten the structure to the interfloor ceiling. The lower part of the frame is mounted on a support platform embedded in the floor.

Video: do-it-yourself installation of the metal frame of the stairs.

All welding points are carefully cleaned with an emery wheel, and then polished and coated with paint. A well-made metal frame after painting can become one of the elements of the staircase decor. If desired, it can be hidden under a wooden finish.

Do-it-yourself sheathing of the metal frame of the stairs with a tree

Video: installation of steps

The substrate hides frame defects in the form of height differences resulting from unsuccessful welding seams. The hard layer formed by the adhesive does not deform during operation. After laying the wooden blanks on the substrate, they are attached through it to the stringers. Initially, the tread is mounted, and then the riser.

Installation of steps begins from the top of the structure, with a gradual transition down. After finishing the laying of the steps, you can proceed with the installation of decorative elements. Decorative elements in the form of balusters are not only a decoration of the structure, but also an element that ensures the safety of movement.

Balusters are attached to the edges of the steps with special pins at a distance of 10–13 cm. Railings made of the most suitable material are attached over the balusters. If metal frame sheathing is provided, then the details must also be prepared in advance. First of all, the side part of the structure is sheathed, and then the risers and steps. To decorate the back side of the metal frame, you can use drywall sheets.

For steps, it is better to choose hardwoods, and for decoration, those with less wear resistance are suitable, which means that the price will be more affordable.

Types of cladding installation

The best material for sheathing a staircase on a metal frame is wood, which goes well with a metal structure. Benefits of using wood:

• it is an elegant design;
• vozmozhnst to make a ladder in any style;
• wooden steps provide comfortable and convenient movement.

For mounting the skin on a metal frame, several finishing methods are used:

• installation is not metal structure having a supporting part and a finished frame for steps. Qualitatively prepared blanks ideally fit into the space prepared for them, and are fastened with self-tapping screws. Self-tapping screws are deepened, and the holes are closed with wooden plugs and polished;
• installation of the selected finish with the help of special screws is more often used if there are steps made of sheet metal. Screws are screwed into holes prepared in advance in a sheet of metal, with inside steps. Going a short distance outside, they securely hold the wood blank in the place intended for it;
• by doing exterior finish staircase design fastening of the finishing material is carried out with self-tapping screws. They are slightly deepened, and then covered with putty or mastic. High-quality finishing will make the design elegant, emphasizing general style premises.

Video: how to make a ladder

Using a metal frame, you can create a variety of stair designs. Each owner of a house under construction, owning the main construction tools and familiar with the operation of the welding machine, can install the stairs on the metal frame on their own. To facilitate the task, you can order a kit for assembling a metal frame from specialists, and do it yourself with your own hands.

• Materials and tools
• DIY installation

Diagram of a spiral staircase.

Wood and stairs on a metal frame

The choice of materials for the stairs with your own hands

Folding ladder profile.

Scheme for calculating the step of the stairs.

Materials and tools

• ready-made modular blocks;
• plywood;
• polymer glue;
• wrenches;
• spiers for fastening;
• clamp - 2 pcs.;
• drill;
• varnish (for wood);
• paint (for wood);
• screwdriver;
• drill for metal;
• tree for steps;
• drywall sheets.

DIY installation

Do-it-yourself installation of wooden stairs on a metal frame is a very real undertaking. Installation and manufacturing will not take much time and effort. At present, several variants of such works have been invented. To make manufacturing as easy as possible, you need to think about installing ready-made frames. These frames are assembled from individual elements. Further, the elements are mounted in whole spans and attached to each other.

It is worth knowing that similarly created stairs should be periodically inspected in the future. Prevention is necessary to avoid backlash and stretching connecting elements. Stairs from a metal frame, welded using channels, metal corners, are installed during the construction of the house at the finishing stage.

Installation of steps to the stairs on a metal base

The steps are installed sequentially. First you need to decide on the installation additional elements fasteners. In particular, extreme caution should be approached when working on the turning steps of the stairs.

Step calculation scheme.

Each step of the frame ladder must have markings. Markings are necessary to indicate the holes of fasteners. The marking is done 20 cm apart, while 2 cm must be retreated from the edge. Ordinary self-tapping screws are taken as fasteners, the holes are drilled flush. Washers must also be used to reduce stress when tightening parts. Do not panic if there are small differences in height between the welded parts, this is normal. Next, lay the underlayment. This will help to lay the steps as tightly as possible to the frame. To fix the substrate, steps and frame, a special glue with a filling effect is taken. When dry, the adhesive forms a durable layer that is not subject to wrinkling. It is best to use plywood as a substrate.

It is necessary to attach wooden linings from below. The tree is fixed on the steps thanks to the clamps. Further, through the previously made holes with the help of self-tapping wood screws, the linings are connected to the frame. When it is impossible to strengthen the lining from below, they are placed on the steps and fixed with clamps. After that, both linings are drilled. To do this, you need a drill for metal, with its help the hole necessary for the hat self-tapping screw is formed.

The pads should be positioned in such a way that wooden material protruded slightly beyond the metal.

It is worth choosing exclusively solid varieties of wood for these works. Previously, a chamfer is removed from future overlays, and the workpiece is given a rounded shape of the appropriate size. This maneuver will reduce the appearance of chipped steps. The material is carefully examined and rejected in the presence of the slightest cracks. Each step should be numbered for ease of installation.

Scheme of a modular mid-flight ladder.

After the steps have taken their final state, you can proceed to the installation of additional decorative elements. Decorated balusters will come in handy, the main thing is to find the right color and shape.

Next, work begins on the selection and installation of the balustrade. It is necessary mainly for the safety of movement. But it plays a significant decorative role. Here you will have to consider the dimensions of the girth of the railing, as they must correspond to the shape of the palm of the owner of the stairs. Next, you should think about the balusters, their shape and arrangement. This element of the stairs is the most important, because it is responsible for safety during the descent and ascent. In the standard arrangement, a step of 9-10 cm is made between the balusters. Options are possible at intervals of both 13 cm and 22 cm. After these maneuvers, the balusters are placed along the edge of the steps along the entire perimeter of the stairs. Having made a control check of the location of the elements, you should fix the balusters with the help of special spiers. After that, the railings themselves are attached to them.

Next, the entire frame is stitched with wood panel. This panel must be prepared in advance according to the shape of the protrusions. First, the part of the stairs located on the side is sheathed. Next, it is worth moving on to the sheathing of steps and risers. Having finished with the sheathing, you can start decorating the marches located on the back of the metal structure. For these purposes, drywall sheets are suitable.

Having completed all the work to hide the metal structure, paint is applied to the resulting composition, and, if necessary, fixed with varnish.

Thinking about such an interesting and tempting element of decor, you can significantly change the style of the room. As a result, you can create a real work of art with your own hands, making it the epicenter of everyone's attention and admiration.

Do-it-yourself ladder on a metal frame: installation of steps

Stairs on a metal frame: it is reliable!

Stairs in a house with more than one floor can be very diverse. It is important to understand this topic in order to build it with your own hands.

The choice of material from which the structure can be made is huge. Optionally, it can be made:

Staircase without finishing

Stairs on a metal frame

For safety, the structure must have a reliable support. This is the metal frame. The construction of such a foundation has two methods:

• welding;
• made.

Stairs on welded metal frames

This construction requires welding accuracy and thorough calculation so that at the end of the work all steps are equal to each other. Such structures are of several types:

closed type

If you look at the photo of a side view of a structure of this type, you can easily understand its design. The basis, called the carrier, in most cases is made of channels. They are attached parallel to each other. Each step is 2 channels. Here you need to take into account their number on the landing of the stairs. Then, kerchiefs are made by welding over the base for steps and risers. On them, after completing the base, it will be necessary to fix the finish, which will close the metal frame itself.

open type

This type of construction differs from the previous one in that the supporting base is replaced by a kosour in the center or a pair of kosour on the sides. The photo shows that the side ridges have the same shape as the staircase itself. After finishing it with wood, the building itself will remain open, but the enamel coating will not spoil the appearance, but on the contrary, it will give it a modern style.

Metal frame in the center

Differently given type called monokosour, that is, one kosur is made in the middle. On it, also in the center, scarves are welded, and on top - special support platforms. If you look at the photo, you can see that this type does not have risers.

Products on a prefabricated metal frame

A prefabricated metal frame can also be constructed with your own hands. The photo shows that its components are already ready, and it will only need to be assembled, based on the instructions. Manufacturers often use the two most common methods. This is the collection of a metal frame, when one part enters another, or there is an axis on which spare parts are strung. Stairs of this type look no worse than others.

Construction of structures from a metal frame

The metal frame is divided into types according to the construction:

The most common type is straight. A structure with a turn can be without a platform and with a platform. The shape of the "screw" can be used during construction if there is little space for the stairs. The type of arc will allow the design to acquire unique features.

Also, stair structures made of metal frame have railings. For each design they are made individually. Railings can be metal, wooden or combined, depending on the type of metal frame.

Facing stairs from a metal frame

When constructing such a product with your own hands, you need to choose the right lining for it. For finishing work, materials such as:

Each of them combines differently with metal. Marble ladder structure, for example, you can not build in every room, but only where it fits in style. Glass and plastic have their own characteristics: beauty, modernity, practicality. But from hard hit such a lining can crack. The most common option is wood. Its biggest advantage is durability. The most commonly used types of wood for a metal frame are:

Stairs made of metal frame, thanks to a huge selection of options for design and cladding, are perfect for any interior.

Do-it-yourself ladder on a metal frame: photo, video

Do-it-yourself staircase on a metal frame is created from corners, a channel or profile pipes. For decorative work, alkyd, acrylic paints and enamels. Surfaces are filled with wood, concrete and glass. If it is being built outdoor structure, it is necessary to provide for the presence of corrugated steps and non-slip coatings.

Iron steps with wooden filling

Frame installation calculation

If for the first time you have to face the question of how to make a metal frame of stairs with your own hands, it is important to choose the right product configuration and basic parameters. For this, a sketch is created.

The height of the rise is measured to determine the number of steps. The height of the risers is 15 - 18 cm. From this it follows that 12 steps are created for a flight of stairs 240 cm high. It is necessary to add 2 cm to the thickness of the tread. This rule is provided for structures with an angle of inclination of 40 45 gr.

Attention! If you are designing a wooden staircase on a metal frame with your own hands, it is important to remember that the double height and single width of the steps in total provide the length of the average human step (60 cm).

Solid metal steps

Wireframe creation

Parts are created according to pre-prepared templates. Mount steel or cast iron strings, fix them together at the top and bottom.

It is possible to provide for the presence of additional supports in the lower part and fixation to the wall surface. After mounting the load-bearing parts, it is necessary to mark the sections and weld the fasteners.

Steel frame for stairs

Railings, risers and treads are fastened with screws with bottom side. At the end, the structure is finished.

Below you can find out in detail, the metal frame of the stairs with your own hands from the video or a small instruction:

Marching staircase on channels

Based on the length, the frame base is attached in its entirety or in sections. This is facilitated rectangular pipes(parameters are determined by the width of the treads), channels, corners and sheet metal. In a conventional design, two channels are used as stringers, concreted in the mass of the floor. The second side is fixed on the interfloor overlap.

Metal frame for wooden steps

The channels are welded, allowing you to create a "frame" for the steps. Corners-kerchiefs are welded to them. The formed product is welded to the supporting beams. Steps of the specified parameters are cut out of sheet metal, and then welded onto the frame. Burrs are removed with a file. The product is coated with a primer for corrosion resistance.

Two rows of gaps are drilled in the steps with an interval of 15-20 cm. The edge is indented by 2 cm. To fit the panels to the frame, the plywood substrates are fixed using filling glue.

The wooden panel is fixed at the bottom, ensuring the integrity of the structure. The panel is mounted on the frame and fixed through rows of gaps with self-tapping screws with washers. If there is no access in the lower part, then gaps for self-tapping screws are drilled in the panel.

Frame installation for a flight of stairs

On the steps, marking of places for supports is provided - 5-10 cm from the edge in increments of 60 cm. Initially, the first and last balusters are placed.

Pit holes are drilled at the marks - a depth of up to 1.2 cm, a diameter of 1.6 cm. Anchors and racks are placed in the given recesses. A cord is pulled between the first and last baluster, and the rest of the railing posts are fixed at the level of the cord.

Pre-prepared railings are applied to the racks to determine the location of their drilling. After their formation, the handrails are hinged.

If the railings have fillings, then the crossbars are cut into segments with marking of the fixation points. Then drilled holes are created with fixation on the supports.

As a result, the railing "takes" up to 10 cm steps. Alternatively, you can attach a handrail to the end:

1. Anchor type of fixation. In the end part of the step, 2 gaps are drilled with the insertion of 2 anchors. Anchor clearances are created in the support. During installation, the support is fixed from the side.
2. The side option is provided by means of anchors. Balusters are fixed in the holder, which is attached to the frame. Handrails are placed in the usual way.

Frame structure for stair installation

screw structure

• Frame for spiral installation It is made using two pipes - one has a larger size, the second has a smaller section. Channels are also required. It is necessary to stock up on rods to create seal rings or base rings.
• Pipe larger diameter it is cut into sleeves corresponding to segments of 23-26 cm. The sleeves form perpendicular structures, which makes it possible to avoid distortions of the steps.
• Channels are connected by welding into a frame for steps. The frame is welded to the sleeve. The seams are sanded. Sleeves, a sealing ring, a step and again a sealing ring are put on a pipe with a smaller diameter. Seals are welded into the sleeve and polished.
• The support is installed in the floor (filled with a monolith), the steps are distributed at an angle and fixed with the help of racks or bolts. Solid wood steps are placed on the metal frame and handrails are mounted.

metal steps

Finishing is carried out based on your own preferences. However, on initial stage surface should be primed and deburred. Then paint, varnish is applied and all kinds of decorative inserts are applied. Used as filling concrete mix, wood or metal lattice structure. The cladding is tile, stone and other materials.

Do-it-yourself staircase on a metal frame: calculations and installation, photo and video

Do-it-yourself ladder on a metal frame

Advantages of stairs on a metal frame and 3 types of structures

A ladder on a metal frame is considered the most reliable and heavy-duty. It is possible to make a ladder on a metal frame with your own hands. To build such a metal structure, you will need to make drawings, as well as correctly manufacture the base of the frame. Below we will talk about what nuances will need to be considered.

Advantages of stairs on a metal frame

It is not at all a secret that a metal staircase to the second floor is much stronger than wooden structures.

The finished structure is covered with a primer layer and painted in order to protect it from corrosive processes.

Among the main advantages of stairs on a metal frame are:

• Durability;
• No squeaks;
• Increased strength;
• Suitability for repair;
• The ability to fit into absolutely any interior.

Over time, wood not only dries out, but also begins to crack, which causes the product to loosen. Of course, the staircase will not break or crumble, however, the aesthetic appearance will be significantly impaired, squeaks will begin to appear. Despite the fact that wooden stairs can be strengthened through special impregnations and the use of modern technologies erection, they are significantly inferior to metal frames.

Modern metal rolling produces only high-quality metal sheets, thanks to which any staircase, for example, a corner staircase with winder steps, will be durable, wear-resistant and, most importantly, will last for more than one decade. In addition, it will not creak, and will not cause irritation.

With regards to suitability for repairs, there will never be a problem with this. It is quite easy to eliminate one failed element, since the structures are mainly installed in a prefabricated way, in which it is possible to replace the desired part with a new one in a couple of movements. Stairs for a house on an iron frame can be used in any style from modern to hi-tech, and sheathing does not require a lot of effort, time and materials.

Disadvantages of manufacturing stairs on a metal frame

Among negative aspects metal stairs, only 3 not very important points can be noted.

Instead of supporting channels in the manufacture, it is quite possible to use profile pipes

1. When walking on a staircase made of a metal frame, on which there is no sheathing and sound insulation, too much noise can be created. You can eliminate it by using decorative overlays or by installing steps made of wood.
2. When using a metal ladder, care must be taken to ensure that there are no pockets of corrosion, which can cause the rapid spread of rust and deterioration in aesthetics. This can be avoided by installing parts for the manufacture of which chrome steel is used.
3. The cost of such structures is far from small, and it significantly exceeds the price of wood products.

As you can see, there are many more benefits. So the choice is yours.

Which type of metal frame to choose for stairs to the second floor

Installation of metal stairs can be carried out in open space, and they are used almost everywhere.

At right approach to the point you can build a completely aesthetic and robust design capable of lasting for many years

With your own hands, a ladder can be made, but subject to instructions, technology, and most importantly, if meth is used. profile of the highest category of quality and durability. In this case, the spent effort, money and time will be able to fully justify themselves.

Stair metal frames are of three types:

1. Hidden. It is the most economical. During installation, all parts of the product are hidden under the skin. As a rule, the cheapest materials are used to create the structure, and possibly even second-rate ones. Such structures do not differ in particular aesthetics and are most often used for basements or industrial buildings. It is worth noting that a negligent attitude to the choice of material quality may in the future affect the life of the product, as well as its safety.
2. Open. It installs two stringers or, in other words, load-bearing elements, on which steps are then mounted. Data frame stairs made using a square profile pipe. The finishing of the stringers is carried out by means of a special enamel, which includes a primer composition. The view of such structures is aesthetic, beautiful and refined. The cost is much higher than the first option.
3. Open frame on one stringer. In this case, one is used bearing beam, on which the platform, steps and corner are mounted. The peculiarity of the stairs is airiness, lightness and transparency.

To deform the steps during subsequent operation, you can additionally install an additional console on the side.

What you need to make a metal staircase frame

The calculation of the dimensions of the stairs can be done using the wizard, independently online or using the appropriate video tutorial. In the manufacture of stairs, you will need to carefully prepare and stock up not only on the material itself, for example, German canvases or Russian production, but also essential tool but only the essentials.

Today, everything that is needed in the work can be purchased at hardware stores.

Namely, you need to prepare:

• Bulgarian;
• Drill with a power of more than 600W;
• Drills for metal;
• Welding machine;
• Hacksaw for metal;
• File;
• Level;
• Square;
• Wrench;
• Hammer;
• Protective suit.

Devices such as a compass and the like are not needed when preparing parts.

What do-it-yourself stairs on a metal frame are made of?

When purchasing or selecting both the tool and the material, it is not worth saving, since everything must be of high quality, and the inventory is best of all professional, and made well-known manufacturers. In this case, it is quite possible to achieve the desired result and create projects that fully comply with both your own expectations and all necessary requirements. In addition, the use of serviceable equipment will eliminate injuries and damage to the material during operation.

When choosing a profile pipe, special attention is paid to a square-shaped pipe with a cross section of 40x60 mm

With regards to materials, as a rule, for the independent manufacture of the frame, they use:

• A profile pipe with a rectangular section, as it is more rigid;
• Primer for metal;
• Enamel;
• Degreaser;
• Composition that prevents the formation of rust.

The profile pipe frame has a lot of advantages: reliability, durability, long service life, ease of installation, regardless of whether work is carried out indoors or outdoors, and the possibility of manufacturing stairs of absolutely any type, shape and dimensions.

Economy is another plus. It is the profile pipe that is the most economical material and is used not only in self-manufacturing objects, but also in the industrial.

Another advantage is that absolutely any paint can be used for coloring, but only on a metal surface.

How and how to sheathe a ladder on a metal frame

As a rule, wood is used for sheathing stairs from a metal frame. It looks quite attractive, it is inexpensive and, if desired, it can be painted with a stain in the desired shade.

The simplest type of refining a metal staircase is to fasten wooden steps to the frame using self-tapping screws.

One has only to decide which type of wood to choose:

1. Pine is considered the most economical material. It is inexpensive, looks beautiful and has a light shade. Among the advantages can be noted the presence of a pleasant-looking texture. Ecologists believe that the presence of pine wood in the house has a positive effect on the microclimate, since it contains phytoncide, which kills bacteria and prevents their formation. In addition, it exudes a delicate and healthy smell of pine needles.
2. Larch is a kind of golden mean among oak and pine. Larch is classified as a conifer. She has a yellow, beautiful wavy structure. Unlike pine, it has greater hardness, impact resistance and long-term preservation of its presentation even with the passage of time. a large number time.
3. Oak is characterized by high strength, as well as shades of gray from light to dark. It has a structure of splendid beauty and is considered the most suitable fabric for the manufacture of stairs, steps in particular. Oak canvases can serve long time and won't cause problems. Some believe that the ability of oak to darken over time can spoil the appearance of products, but this is precisely what is its aesthetic and distinctive quality. Among the main disadvantages, only the cost can be noted, since it is quite high, but fully meets the stated requirements.
4. Ash is no less suitable for home stairs. It is also used in public places, with high traffic of people. It has high strength and strength. To leave a scratch or even a dent on the dacha cover made of ash, you will have to try a lot, since this is unlikely to work out.
5. Beech grows in the North Caucasus and is called an iron tree. The branch can reach almost 15cm in diameter and is considered bulletproof.

According to such data, it is not difficult to guess that beech is especially durable and wear-resistant. It has a light shade, but can be grayish and reddish-yellowish.

How to sheathe a ladder on a metal frame (video)

There are a huge number of options for choosing a material, but the main thing is not to forget about construction technology, especially in public buildings, and on compliance with the norms and safety standards of SNIP.

Design of stairs on a metal frame (photo of interiors)

How to make a ladder on a metal frame?

• Wood and stairs on a metal frame
• The choice of materials for the stairs with your own hands
• Materials and tools
• DIY installation
• Installation of steps to the stairs on a metal base

The use of wood in metal stairs is one of the most successful techniques in the arrangement of any home. Due to the fact that the metal frame has the greatest strength, such a ladder will last long years. In addition, such designs allow you to enrich the house with a spectacular element of decor. Stairs on a metal frame can be supplemented with a huge number of original details: balusters, forged elements, etc. A competent approach to such an interesting and desirable home attribute as a staircase will create an atmosphere of comfort and luxury.

Diagram of a spiral staircase.

But still, it is preferable to supply bare unaesthetic metal frames with wood. It is this material that gives the greatest comfort during ascent and descent. Metal and wood are the best duo that can withstand heavy loads with high aesthetic appeal.

Wood and stairs on a metal frame

Application in stairs on a metal frame wooden parts peculiar exclusively to creative individuals with a delicate taste. Complement metal stairs wooden steps most economical. And if you want to hide the metal frame from prying eyes, you can paint over all metal parts with a paint tone similar to wood. The result is a complete and harmonious wooden staircase.

For designers use wooden elements in metal frame stairs a real pleasure. After all, there is where to roam and come up with another masterpiece. In addition, adding only wood elements will save money, increase the service life and reduce the weight of the manufactured interior item. Metal is more durable wooden structures, but heavier.

The combination of wood and metal allows you to achieve grace, grace.

Scheme for calculating a spiral staircase.

It is preferable to use strong and light metals with a high level of corrosion resistance for the manufacture of stairs on a metal frame with your own hands. Many decide to sheathe the frame of the stairs completely with wood, while others only partially (for example, in steps).

Before you start decorating, you should decide on an estimate. If the amount for such an attribute is calculated to be considerable, then you can purchase a tree of valuable species (beech, cherry, cedar). These breeds are famous for their aesthetics and durability. If the choice fell on oak, then thanks to this material the staircase will delight its owners for a long time. At the same time, this breed will not visually change even with mechanical damage.

If desired, the stairs on the metal frame can be completely sheathed with wood. This method is much more expensive, but much more environmentally friendly. At the same time, steps, risers, under-stair space are sheathed with wood. In order to bring the manufactured attribute as close as possible to a full-fledged wooden staircase, it is also necessary to decorate the staircase with a wooden braid and bowstring. After these actions, no one will be able to distinguish this masterpiece from a natural wooden staircase.

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The choice of materials for the stairs with your own hands

Folding ladder profile.

The choice of material for facing works is a very difficult and troublesome task. Either you get a world masterpiece, but it will cost as Eiffel Tower, or a simple decorative element. When choosing, it is worth proceeding only according to the expected infusions into the process of creating the stairs.

First of all, the design is developed - general idea created attribute, the costs are signed. With a modest budget, you can sheathe the frame with only wood elements (either steps or risers) and replace it with less expensive options.

But if the budget has wide reserves, then the owner of the stairs will not remain indifferent if, as finishing materials natural solid wood of valuable species will be used. Nothing but wood can ennoble the interior with warmth and comfort. In addition, the tree has increased sound insulation, helps to save heat and is able to withstand maximum loads and mechanical damage. This material is not only durable, it is also beautiful from the aesthetic side.

Calculation of the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs.

Before choosing, it is worth leaving only those types of wood that differ in an acceptable level of humidity. It is this characteristic that to the maximum extent affects the further operation of the tree in everyday life. If the breed is characterized by excessive moisture, then the strength of the wood will drop significantly. Before starting installation work, the wood must be dried to an acceptable level. Otherwise, during operation, the wood may swell, which will lead to distortions, squeaks and, accordingly, damage to parts.

When starting cladding, preference should be given to: walnut, oak, beech, pear, cherry, mahogany.

Oak has a high level of strength and durability. Its surface is rich in colors. The color can vary from pale yellow to reddish-brown. It is worth remembering that oak can darken a little over time, while acquiring a rich noble shade.

Ash is a very durable material. Its texture is pronounced, while the shade of the tree has a noble grayish undertone.

Beech is chosen by elegant and refined natures. Externally, the wood is very attractive, has a uniform texture and long term services. Often used to recreate mahogany.

Scheme for calculating the step of the stairs.

Often, exotic wood species are used for such purposes: wenge, merbau, teak.

In addition to unrealistic beauty, stairs made with elements of exotic species receive in addition high level strength and durability.

Pine is characterized by increased performance characteristics. Due to the fact that pine is a material of minimum density, it is quite unpretentious in processing.

When using this type of wood, the estimate is significantly reduced, since the cost of pine species is much lower than hardwood counterparts.

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Materials and tools

To start construction works stock up on the following attributes:

• ready-made modular blocks;
• self-tapping screws, washers self-tapping screws for wood;
• plywood;
• polymer glue;
• wrenches;
• spiers for fastening;
• clamp - 2 pcs.;
• drill;
• varnish (for wood);
• paint (for wood);
• screwdriver;
• drill for metal;
• tree for steps;
• drywall sheets.

This article will be helpful those who want to calculate the stairs from the 1st to the 2nd floor townhouse and cottage. It doesn't matter if you will manufacture and install the stairs yourself or order from the company, but it is very important that you can be sure that this is the most ideal and comfortable staircase.

At the end of the article you will find out how many steps you need, what sizes the steps will have, what the Height of each step will be, you will have an interfloor platform or winder steps. This calculation will be terms of reference On the stairs.

By the way, I will answer the question: "Who am I to teach you how to calculate stairs?"

I am the person who installed 410 stairs in 2017. Of course, I do not do everything with my own hands and I have my own team. But, I think that the fact of manufacturing and installing 410 stairs is enough for you to be able to read this article to the end.

Why did I decide to make this article? When I first started working on metal frame stairs, I searched the entire Internet in search of useful content on the calculation of stairs, but there is too little of it. And the one that is useful has a significant disadvantage in that it is difficult for an ordinary person and understandable only for a builder. I did not have a construction education, so I had to learn from my mistakes. Two years later, when I started writing this article, I again rummaged through the entire Internet, well, maybe not all the Russian-language content in search engines, but definitely all the content on YouTube on this topic. After making sure that there is no really useful video and article, so useful that the average person can use it, I decided to create it.

Let's get down to business!

All stairs (concrete, wooden, on a metal frame) are calculated in the same way.

Of course, there are a lot of technical nuances in each type of stairs, but they do not affect the calculation of the stairs.
In order for us to speak the same language and about the same thing, look at the photos of those stairs that can be calculated after reading this article.

And now, to reinforce your understanding that this the calculation is suitable for your home or cottage, see photos of houses where you can install such stairs.

I’ll run ahead and say that not everyone, after reading the article, will be able to spend ladder frame calculation. If you already suspect that I am talking about you now, then do not worry, I will have for you good news: if you can calculate the stairs for yourself, but you still have doubts about the correctness of the calculation, I will be happy to check your calculation and make corrections. At the end of the article I will tell you more about this.

So, let's go directly to the calculation!

We will do the calculation on the U-shaped staircase, if you have an L-shaped one, then do not hang your nose. The actions are the same.

✔ Height✔ Length✔ Width

To make it easier to understand the calculation of the stairs, we will take 1 specific object where there will be a standard U-shaped staircase.

Look at the photo and video from the object where we installed such a ladder:

✔ Calculation of the height of the ladder frame

We need height from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor.

Please note that the size is not from the floor of the first floor to the ceiling, but from the floor to the floor. It is very important that this size be from the finished floor of the 1st floor and the finished floor of the 2nd floor, if you have a construction period and the screed has not yet been poured or there is a screed, but not yet floor covering, then estimate approximately how many millimeters your floor will rise.

It is very important that the size is from the finished floor of the 1st floor and the finished floor of the 2nd floor!

✔ The optimal length of the metal staircase to the second floor

We need length from the wall, where the stairs will turn, to the edge of the end of the ceiling. Recheck by measuring this size on both sides. If the dimensions do not converge on both sides, take the minimum.

Use for calculation the minimum size from the wall, where the staircase will turn, to the edge of the end of the ceiling.

✔ Calculation of the width of the metal frame of the stairs

We need dimension from left wall to right wall.

Measure this dimension near the end of the floor and near the wall that runs parallel to the floor. If the sizes do not converge, take the minimum size from them.

Mines may be different, but the principle of calculation is the same in all cases

* the photo shows an L-shaped mine

We got 3 sizes

Record your dimensions in this format

A little later, I will write why it is necessary to fix these dimensions in this format.
Before diving into the details calculation of a metal staircase to the second floor, I will briefly tell you about what we will do:

Four basic steps in the calculation of the frame of the stairs

1. We count approximate amount steps. Simple arithmetic.

We customize the interfloor platform

☆ If the site is not suitable, then we calculate the running steps

and adjust the number of steps on the flights of stairs

We make a more accurate calculation of the number of steps, but not the final one

We make the final calculation of the stairs.

Repeat steps 2, 3, 4 if you need to compare several options.

Difficult?

Now I will explain calculation of the metal frame of the stairs on a figurative example:

Imagine driving a car from Moscow to St. Petersburg.

We do not need to know in advance all the way from point A to point B, we know that we need to go along the Leningradskoye highway and this is enough to start moving. And then, already in the process of movement, we correct the path.

It is the same with the stairs, we do not know what the final staircase will turn out to be, but we moving from the simple calculation stairs to the complex.

➤First step

We need to understand the approximate number of steps on your stairs.

To do this, we need to divide your height by standard heights steps

In our case, the height was 2800 mm.

Here is my calculation

Formula: Height / riser = number of steps

We need to repeat this action 5 times.
Let's do it!
2800/150=18,6
2800/160=17,5
2800/170=16,4
2800/180=15,5
2800/190=14,7
Before drawing conclusions, I will comment so that you do not get confused:

We take the height from the floor of the 1st floor to the floor of the 2nd floor

2800 divided by 5 standard sizes riser.

The result of the calculation will be the approximate number of steps.

So that you don’t drown in doubts now that the standard riser is 150 mm, and I am considering the option of an a priori uncomfortable staircase, I will immediately say that everything is correct. The thing is that according to the standard, the step (tread) is 300 mm, and the height of the riser is 150 mm, but in reality this is possible in very rare cases. This is due to the fact that for such sizes you need 1.5 times more space for stairs than is usually laid in low-rise construction. In other words, in order to make such a comfortable staircase, you must have an opening for the stairs as in the entrance.

When the client builds a private house, most often he does not think about the stairs at all, and when I come to his object, he clutches his head in surprise at what an uncomfortable staircase he will have and what is needed to make at least a little more convenient option.

Or let's take another example, townhouses in cottage settlements, where at the design stage openings for the stairs are already laid, but at the same time, 300 mm treads and 150 mm risers are never obtained. Most often, the step part is 250 mm and the risers are 170-180 mm. And, by the way, these are quite comfortable stairs. But! If developers make townhouses in such a way that they include standard stairs,

then for you, as for customers, the price of the house will be 10-15% more expensive from the developer.

Don't get hung up on 300mm and 150mm based on advice from the internet. Read the article to the end and you will be able to make a comfortable ladder!

Summing up ladder frame calculation :

We take the results of the calculations from minimum size up to maximum.
from 14.7 to 18.6 - this is the approximate number of steps that we need to fit into the opening of the stairs so that it is within the specified parameters for convenient ascent and, even more so, descent from the stairs.
But! we cannot make 14 whole and seven tenths of a step, or 18 whole and 6 tenths of a step, so these numbers of steps need to be rounded:

✓ Large number 18.6 rounded up = 19 steps

✓ The smaller number 14.7 is rounded down = 14 steps

In order to get a comfortable staircase, we must place from 14 to 19 steps.

➤Second step

Knowing the approximate number of steps, we can move on to the approximate placement of the elements of the stairs. We need to place the stair elements in such a way as to fall within the range of 14 to 19 steps.
In order to learn how to place the elements of the stairs, you need to understand what they are in general.

There are two options for the elements of the stairs: straight and rotary.

✔ Direct elements (marches)

✔ Rotary elements

Pay attention to the order in which these elements are placed. When we adjust these elements, we will first go from the simplest (1) to the most complex (5). In other words, if the 1st element does not match, we substitute the 2nd element, if it does not match, then the 3rd element, and so on.

How do we know if an element is suitable or not? This will become clear when we reach the end of the calculation of the metal stairs to the second floor.
In order to get the perfect staircase, we will customize these elements of the staircase: add steps, remove steps, make them wider, make them narrower. Instead of a mezzanine, try other elements of the stairs in descending order of the convenience of the element, make them wider and make them narrower.

Placement of stair elements starts with pivot elements. To begin with, we take an interfloor platform.

We have an interfloor platform with dimensions of 2000 mm by 1000 m.

The initial dimensions depend on your opening. Since we have an opening width of 2000 mm, the platform width is also 2000 mm. If the width of the opening were 1800 mm, then the width of the platform would be 1800 mm.

Now we need to place straight flights of stairs. To do this, you need to understand what distance we have in order to place flights of stairs. To do this, we do the following:

We have 2000 mm (2 m) to place the flight of stairs there.

This means that the length of the march will be 2000mm (2m).
We take a distance of 2000 mm (2 m) divided by the popular 250 mm step step).

I will answer in advance the question why we take a 250 mm (25 cm) step, because this is the most popular step step and it is easier to do calculations from it, because it is divided into equal parts by 1000 mm (1m).

The most comfortable and therefore the most popular stair step 250 mm (25cm)

2000 (shaft length)/250 (step)=8 steps

Formula: shaft length / step section = number of steps

Since we have a shaft width of 3000 mm on both sides, we place the same marches on both sides. It turns out this picture:

➤Third step

Now pre check the stairs:

Let's count how many steps we got. It turned out 17 steps, 16 straight and 1 turning (interfloor platform is also considered a step, like all other turning fragments). Now let's calculate the riser.

Formula: Structure height / number of steps = riser size

In our example: 2800/17=164.7 mm

164.7 mm is the height of the riser. This is 164 millimeters and seven tenths of a millimeter. Naturally, this figure needs to be rounded off (even the ruler that is sold in the store, with divisions by millimeters, has its own error, like everything else in the world)

It will not be possible to make a staircase with a riser 164, 7. Since conventional machines and grinders do not cut metal or wood with such an error.

And, since we do not build spaceship who will fly to Mars, but just a ladder, then we round this parameter to the nearest millimeter.

Summary: the height of the riser is rounded up to 165 mm

Let's summarize all the parameters, by which we will compare the convenience of the stairs.

You may be wondering: " Where does the error go? in 0.3 mm, if we rounded the numbers 164.7 to 165?" Answer: the deviation will go to the lower step, it will differ from all the others. 17 * 0.3 mm = 5.1 mm.

This means that the first stage will be 5.1 mm shorter than the rest.

If you have reached this point and understood everything, this is very cool!

Congratulations, you have now calculated the stairs for the first time!

Nevertheless, if this is a dark forest for you, it's okay, read the article to the end, there will be a calculation according to your size. But do not scroll down immediately, you need to catch at least a little the logic of the calculation.

➤Fourth step

We have a very comfortable design.

So we have 17 steps. 16 straight lines and one interfloor platform.

Riser height 165 mm, tread 250 mm.

But! There is still one indicator here - this is 17 rises, let's analyze it in more detail, I will tell you how it differs from the number of steps.
This indicator differs from the number of steps by 1 unit (add +1 to the number of steps, no more).

The number of lifts may differ from the number of steps!

It depends on the following: whether the floor of the second floor is used as a step or not.

This is one of the tricks, as with limited space for stairs, you can reduce the height of each step by at least 1 cm.

We're just making the top rung of the stairs the floor of the second floor (the right version in the photo above). Therefore, it may turn out that we have 17 steps and 18 rises.
We will display this additional rise with such a tail from the side of the upper step

Now we have two ladder options to choose from:

In this case, we will not consider other options, and from these options we will choose which staircase to make.

Certainly, the most convenient option is the second, as it turned out to be an almost ideal height of the riser and a standard step.
The first version of the stairs will need to be installed only in case of some technical nuances at the facility. For example, it became necessary to lengthen the ceiling and make the frame occupy less space or on the wall to which the site is adjacent, there is a window (heating radiator, electrical panel). In this case, you will have to sacrifice a little comfort by raising the interfloor platform, refusing an additional lift, due to the fact that they would make the floor of the second floor the last step.

Now you have accurately and finally counted the stairs!

Happened? Let's check!
How to check if your calculation is correct metal frame stairs:
Take a pencil, and right on the wall, starting from the bottom, draw the dimensions of the step. Thus, you can "feel" a little how the staircase will look, whether it will be comfortable. And if there is a ladder in the place where there will be technical details(electric panel, pipes, window, door), you can check whether there will be a jamb and whether it will be necessary to redo the stairs because of this nuance.

Or throw off the information to me (necessarily in the format in which I drew for our calculation) and I will definitely help you.

Also, this calculation does not provide for the presence of steps behind the opening under the stairs, but this can often be

If you yourself draw a future staircase on the wall with a pencil, then you can see how many more steps can be added to the staircase.

➤BONUS

If you have read this article to the end, you need my help and double-checking your calculations, then send your data to my mail direkto [email protected] and approximate calculation, if any.

A small request) Send it in this format, so that there is confidence that we understand each other.

✔ Send dimensions in this format

✔Your calculation in this format:

I tried to give you the knowledge base. It should close most of the difficulties with the calculation of the stairs. But, since each staircase is individual, send your staircase calculation for verification and I will definitely answer you.

Watch the video tutorial for this article on calculating the stairs:

Make the right and comfortable ladder, remember that it should serve you for many years!

By the way, watch a video review of a designer staircase in a townhouse and learn in practice how to use the staircase calculation.

In addition to the popular wooden stairs, the construction market offers practical and reliable designs on a metal frame. The material for them is mainly ferrous metals, a little less often - steel and aluminum. Due to the variety of design options, such a staircase is suitable not only for any interior of a residential building, but also fits perfectly into office and industrial buildings. And you can make and sheathe it with your own hands.

Frame types

According to the assembly method, there are two types of stair frames:

• Monolithic. Open frame. This design should look perfect, because it does not provide for the final skin. Any inaccuracies on the metal frame will be noticeable on the final product. This type of frame can be made without risers, using two side or one central kosour (spinal stairs). The installed frame in the final processing can only be covered with paint, varnish or sanded. The installation of the frame is best done when all the finishing is completed.
• Modular. Black frame. They are made from channels. This simplifies the work and reduces the cost of the product. It is best to install the frame when finishing the room, but it is better to leave it for later, when all the dirty work is finished. Then the fences are installed.

The ladder, made on a metal frame, is convenient because it can have any complex shape . Regardless of which type of frame you decide to use, in order for the product not to have to be redone, you must perform the correct calculations.

To finish the metal frame, as a rule, wood or glass is used. To eliminate the sounds that can form when walking, special noise-insulating materials are used.

The combined design has a number of advantages:

• The performance of metal is higher than that of wood.
• Wooden structural elements can be replaced when they are worn out - either separately or all together. In this case, measuring the frame is not required.
• The mass of a metal staircase is less than a concrete one. This will make it easier to manufacture.
• Wooden steps, when properly processed, will not creak or be too slippery to move.
• With incomplete sheathing, stairs combined from metal and wood will be more economical in cost.

Stair calculation

The future product is calculated taking into account the following parameters:

• height from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor;
• the slope of the stairs is best determined within 25-45 degrees;
• the most convenient riser height is 15-20 centimeters;
• the width of the tread is chosen within 20-30 centimeters

The required step parameters are determined by the ease of use of the product. So, there are three formulas, following which you will make your staircase safe and comfortable.:

1. convenience formula: e - j = 12 cm;
2. safety formula: e + j = 46 cm.
3. step formula: 2 j + e = 62 (60-64) cm;

Where e is the tread size and j is the riser size.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the distance from the step to the ceiling is at least 1.8-2.0 meters. The width of the flight of stairs must be at least 90 centimeters.

As for, then, if children or the elderly live in the house, the recommended slope angle is 30 degrees. Material consumption will increase when designing a more gentle staircase.

It is possible to reduce the overall length of the stairs without compromising comfortable operation by making a small protrusion of the tread behind the frame. It should not exceed 2-3 centimeters.

Frame manufacturing

The difficulty in working with metal elements is that it will require welding skills and accuracy when making seams. Before proceeding with active actions, it is necessary to study the methods of manufacturing a metal frame and make calculations. In order for the work to go faster, it will not be superfluous to make a small drawing of the future product. The load-bearing stringers are subject to significant loads, which should be taken into account in the calculation.

The draft frame is suitable for those who are not confident in their welding skills, because it can then be sewn up in case of an error in the calculations, and the resulting shortcomings can be corrected.

When making stairs on a draft frame, you need to calculate the need for materials. This will depend on the size of the structure planned to be made. If you decide to make a staircase from channels, then the work will consist of two stages:

1. - one or two, depending on the design. With a flight of stairs more than 90 centimeters wide, it is recommended to use two stringers to increase strength.
2. For the manufacture of steps, channels are used. Of these, it is necessary to weld a rigid frame in accordance with the calculations made. For the base of the steps, corners are used, which are welded on the edge of the channel. They will be a support for the tread.

wood paneling

The best option for sheathing stairs on a metal frame would be wood. After all, these materials harmoniously look together. In addition, this option will cost more economically than a full-fledged wooden staircase, but in appearance it will not yield to it at all.

When choosing wood, the main attention should be paid to the grade and moisture content.. Best fit conifers, ash, beech and oak. When choosing the latter, it must be taken into account that over time it may darken slightly.

The most suitable material for oak is ash. It is strong enough. In addition, due to the beautiful texture and pleasant gray tint, it can be used to imitate mahogany.

Coniferous trees are different affordable price. Such material is easy to process.

Exotic wood species are very different in their external data. They have rich colors and crisp texture.

When choosing a material, it is also necessary to pay attention to the absence of external defects, traces of fungus or mold. The moisture content of the wood should be 12%. You cannot use a freshly cut tree.

Sheathing installation

Before starting work, it is worth deciding whether additional fasteners are required. This may be required in the presence of rotary steps.

Installation is carried out in two ways:

1. The first involves laying steps on top of the corner, after which they are fastened in such a way that the corner remains under the board.
2. The second method is based on fastening to the corners, which are welded to the channel. After that, two more corners are mounted in such a way that a frame is formed in which the steps are laid.

Stages of work:

• Provided that the staircase has a rough frame, first you need to take care of choosing a method and making a sheathing. Plates for the frame are prepared in accordance with the calculations. They should not have cracks or other defects on their surface.
• It is best to measure and prepare each step separately, assigning serial numbers to all. This will eliminate the possible excess consumption of material and will ensure a tight fastening of the steps to the frame.
• It is necessary to make markings on wooden blanks. It is done through 20 centimeters from each other. Indentation from the edge - 2 centimeters.
• The fastening of wooden blanks to a metal frame is carried out with a screwdriver using self-tapping screws. Installation begins with a tread, after which a riser is installed.
• Fix the steps on the underside with a clamp ( special tool for tight fitting). Start work on sheathing from the top of the flight of stairs, gradually moving down.

To prevent the formation of chips, you can round the edges of the wooden tread blanks.

• Washers are used to reduce stress when tightening parts.
• To ensure maximum fit of the steps to the frame, a substrate can be used. For these purposes, plywood is suitable. It is fixed with a special glue that has a filling effect.
• Balusters and with the help of hairpins. This will make the design reliable and accurate.
• When sheathing stairs on the back side of the march, drywall can be used, provided that this side is not front when viewed from other sides. This will save on wood.
• Finishing involves coating the stairs with varnish, oil or paint.

Video instruction for sheathing stairs from a metal frame with wood

Ladder frames are a load-bearing part that is responsible not only for the reliability and stability of the structure, but also for its appearance. A huge advantage of this technology is its adaptive properties - initially you can assemble the frame by fitting it into the general design plan of the room, and later finish it with any materials with the help of professionals or with your own hands.

The main types of frames are metal, wood and concrete. All of them have their advantages and disadvantages. Next, we will look at them in more detail and learn how to make a metal frame stairs.

Wooden frame stairs

Wooden stairs based on a wooden frame are the most popular solution for private houses. A solid appearance gives the room sophistication and speaks of the good taste of the owner. However, there are a number of disadvantages:

• High price quality materials . Valuable wood species have a very high price. In an attempt to keep the cost down, wooden stairs are made from cheaper grades, which brings with it the following problem.
• Noise and creak when walking. When using materials such as spruce and pine, namely, they are used in the manufacture of inexpensive stairs, over time the wood cracks, loses its original shape and makes unpleasant sounds under load. In addition, cheap components are often supplied not fully dried, which also leads to rapid deterioration of the product.
• Low resistance to mechanical damage . Wood, in itself, is a soft material, and more than others is subject to mechanical deformations under external influences. The coating for the steps will have to be periodically updated and repaired, which entails additional expenses.

Frame for concrete stairs

More practical is a staircase on a concrete frame. They are quiet, durable and reliable. However, there are also disadvantages here. And the main thing is the heavy weight of the product, which cannot simply be leaned on the floor slabs.

In this case, the assembly of the frame becomes much more complicated, because it is necessary to equip the supporting structures, which again requires additional investments and serious preparatory work. In addition, to give a more or less aesthetic appearance, you will have to work hard, because it requires certain skills. Most often, tiles or wooden steps are laid on a concrete frame.

Staircase on a metal frame

A ladder on a metal frame is the cheapest and most practical option. It can be modular, when the installation of the frame involves assembly in parts, and monolithic, if the flight of stairs is welded.

The cost of iron is much lower than wood or concrete, and a skilled welder will easily give the frame any desired shape. This technology is used for the construction of both external and internal stairs. For decoration, as a rule, wood or glass is used. To get rid of noise during descent and ascent, it is necessary to sheathe the metal frame with a special noise-insulating material.

Metal stairs with wooden steps great option both for home and outdoor use. The first thing to start with is to draw up a project. It is simply impossible to keep everything in your head, so it is extremely necessary to perform calculations on paper, and only then proceed directly to assembling the stairs on the metal frame.

The easiest to install are interfloor wooden stairs, which are based on a modular frame made of metal, as shown in the video.

Another option for building stairs on a metal frame is welding a frame from a metal profile. The basis may be a kosour or a bowstring.

The kosour is the bearing element of the stairs, on which the steps are subsequently laid.

A bowstring is an inclined beam. It is also a supporting element, only unlike the stringer, the steps are attached to it from the inside.

The first step is to make a frame. We need a channel and corners. A rigid frame is welded from the channels, on the edge of which corners are attached - supports for the steps.

Steps can be installed in two ways:

• lay on top of the corner with subsequent fastening, so that the corner is completely under the board.
• to the corners welded to the channel, two more corners are mounted, which form a frame. Steps will be placed in it.

If you use a profile pipe instead of a channel, then when walking along a flight of stairs, vibration will not be felt, since the pipe is much stiffer.

After the ladder on the metal frame is welded, it is necessary to treat the resulting structure with an anti-corrosion agent. There are two steps left:

• installation of the frame in the opening;

It should be remembered that the calculation of the stairs on the metal frame, the subsequent manufacture of the frame and installation is a painstaking and complex work that is quite difficult to do alone, with your own hands. In the absence of the necessary skills, it is better to turn to professionals.