Interesting facts about raspberries. History of raspberries

Raspberries are an extremely popular plant in the countries of the former USSR, and not only. The tasty and healthy berries of this subshrub, when consumed regularly (but in moderation), have beneficial influence on the body. In addition, they taste very pleasant - most people who have ever enjoyed fresh raspberries agree on this opinion.

1. Raspberry fruits can be colored in any shade of red, from pale pink to deep burgundy. The berries of some varieties are yellow, white, and sometimes even black (for example, blackberries).
2. Raspberries contain vitamins C, A and B, as well as other substances beneficial to human health - for example, essential oils.
3. From a botanical point of view, the raspberry fruit is not a berry, but a polydrupe, that is, it consists of many tiny fused fruits with seeds.
4. Raspberries are used in medicine not only due to their beneficial properties, but also for its surprisingly pleasant taste and aroma. Raspberries are often used as a sweetener for potions and other medicines, and in folk medicine it is considered a reliable remedy for colds, nausea and fever.
5. Raspberry fruits can be eaten raw or prepared from them in a variety of dishes and drinks: marmalade, preserves, jam, jellies and juices. Raspberries are also used to make wines, liqueurs and liqueurs that do not require artificial flavors.
6. Bees, collecting raspberry nectar, increase the yield of bushes by 60-100%. The raspberry flower is turned downwards, so insects can feed from them even during rain (see).
7. Raspberry leaves make an excellent tea substitute by mashing them in your hands until they release their juices and turn black, then drying them at a high temperature.
8. Russia is the world leader in raspberry cultivation, producing more than 200 thousand tons of fruit per year (see).
9. Scientists began dividing raspberries into different varieties back in the 16th century. The cultivation of these plants began at the same time.
10. In Russian folklore, “raspberry” often refers to a free, pleasant and “sweet” life without any problems. In this sense, it is the antipode of bitter viburnum, meaning misfortunes and troubles.
11. Among criminals, a “raspberry” is called a den of thieves. True, according to one version, the gathering of criminals received this name not because of the berry - “raspberry” became a distorted version of the Hebrew melina (translated as “bunker, shelter”).
12. Raspberries can help support the functioning of the heart, kidneys, circulatory system and brain, it helps maintain youth and skin tone. The fruits are rich in folic acid and iron, which makes them especially beneficial for the body of women (primarily pregnant women).
13. Raspberries are considered an excellent antidepressant due to the copper it contains.
14. According to a well-known legend, the first garden with raspberry bushes was founded by the outstanding ruler, founder of Moscow and other Russian cities, Yuri Dolgoruky. The garden was so large that wild animals, including bears, walked in it.
15. People first discovered raspberry bushes in Greek Crete. The Romans became the pioneers, and this happened back in the 3rd century BC (see).
16. In Greece, they tell a myth according to which a nymph decided to treat little Zeus to raspberries, who was crying so loudly that the gods on Olympus could not hear each other. When she was picking berries, she tore her hands bloody on the thorns - that’s why the raspberries turned red.

People addicted in natural ways maintaining health, we are confident that this fairly well-known berry - raspberries, which delight us with a rich harvest every year, can well replace chemical tablets. Its healing qualities can be explained by its powerful composition of beneficial substances. To be impartial, it is worth admitting that not every berry can boast such a fabulous amount of vitamins. But there are a huge number of them in raspberries.

Housewives, having harvested raspberry bushes, process it by freezing freshly picked berries or making jam. Fresh berries can be cooked delicious compotes and tinctures. Raspberries are also suitable for pies filling. Also obtained from ripe berries interesting decorations for holiday baking.

If the use of raspberries were limited only to the culinary sphere, they would not be so interesting for adherents healthy image life. But the facts say it's amazing chemical composition berries guarantee disease prevention if eaten regularly. For example, it strengthens the body’s defenses well and treats anemia. Copes with radiculitis or arthritis.

No one disputes the assertion that no one canceled official medications. It is important to strictly follow all doctor’s instructions, well, sweet and juicy berry crop- raspberries, for example, help if it is recommended to strengthen the immune system and saturate the body with vitamins and minerals.

B vitamins

Vitamins of this group fight the precursors of vegetative-vascular dystonia, excessive susceptibility to troubles, fatigue, melancholy, and autumn depression. Therefore, adherents proper nutrition They love this berry so much. There is a lot of copper in the fruits of the bush. Copper helps regulate the functioning of the nervous system.

Pectins

Scientists have determined that raspberries contain even more pectin. These are also very useful substances for the body. Of course, because they improve the secretory and motor activity of the intestines, stimulate the processes of bile secretion, repeatedly increase the excretion of a fat-like substance, cholesterol, through the intestines, and reduce its content in the body. It's just great to know that with the help of raspberries you can thoroughly clean your blood vessels and internal facets.

Tocopherol

Everyone has heard about the benefits of a highly valuable element, vitamin E. You might think, so what, that this vitamin is present in it, and what effect it has on the human body. In fact, vitamin E has an effect on cells and tissues human body only positive impact.

Raspberries in cosmetology

And how wonderfully such a tasty and, moreover, healthy berry in cosmetology! Absolutely any skin problems can be solved by using anti-aging raspberry masks. Masks can be applied only from raspberries, or you can combine them with other fruits or dairy products.

In any case, raspberry-based cosmetic masks will play a positive role in moisturizing the skin and eliminating bags or dark circles under the eyes.

Common raspberry (lat. Rúbus idaeus) is a deciduous subshrub and belongs to the class dicotyledonous plants, order Rosaceae, rose family, genus Rubus.

Common raspberry - description and characteristics.

Raspberries are perennial with a very developed and sinuous rhizome, on which many adventitious roots are formed. Aboveground shoots are erect, from 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, in the first year of growing season they are green, with a barely noticeable bluish bloom, herbaceous and covered with thin thorns. By the second year of life, raspberry shoots become woody, acquiring a bright brown color. After the fruiting period they die, but a new shoot-stem grows from the same root bud in the spring.

On the stem of the common raspberry there are complex oval leaves, consisting of 3-7 dark green ovoid leaves, each of which is covered with hairs below and has a whitish tint. Raspberry flowers are white, with many stamens and pistils, with a subtle honey aroma, collected in miniature racemose inflorescences, which are located on the tops of the shoots or in the axils of the leaves.

Common raspberry fruit.

Sweet and very aromatic raspberries are numerous, small-sized drupes, fused into a complex fruit. Interestingly, the color of the fruit can vary from light pink and burgundy to yellow, orange and even almost black.

Where do raspberries grow?

This subshrub is distributed throughout almost the entire territory of Europe and the countries of America. In Russia, ordinary raspberries are found in middle lane and in the south, in the cold climate of Siberia and the Urals, and also grows in the mountainous areas of Kazakhstan, Bashkiria and Kyrgyzstan.

Raspberry is often called a pioneer plant because of its unpretentiousness to soil indicators: it is the very first to appear in the place of burnt forest clearings, and feels comfortable both in dry zones and along the edges of swamps.

Wild (forest) raspberries are mentioned in chronicles dating back to the 3rd century BC. This plant became known as a garden crop only in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Types, varieties, classification of raspberries.

A huge number of raspberry varieties can be divided into the following groups:

• by berry size (large, medium, small);
• by color (yellow, red, black, orange);
• by ripening period (early ripening, mid-early, mid-ripening, mid-late, late ripening);
• by resistance to cold (winter-hardy, not winter-hardy).

Separately, it is necessary to distinguish standard and remontant raspberries.

Standard raspberry– a feature of the species is thick, powerful, branched, erect shoots, which, after pinching, resemble a small tree, most often not requiring garter.

Remontant raspberry- a type of raspberry that bears fruit in summer and also in autumn.

Below are some varieties of raspberries:

Varieties of yellow raspberries.

Yellow sweet tooth

Mid-early, productive variety raspberries yield 3.5 - 4 kg per bush. The elongated berries, weighing 3-6 g, are distinguished by a pale yellow color and a bright aroma; the ripened fruits do not crumble for a long time.

Golden autumn

Mid-late remontant variety Raspberries are distinguished by the golden yellow color of the fruits with slight pubescence. Raspberries are sweet, large, have a bright aroma, and are well transported.

Morning dew

A remontant raspberry variety with golden-yellow fruits. The shoots of this variety are tough, about 1.5 meters in height, covered big amount thorns The berries are large, spherical in shape, hard, weighing up to 5 kg. Grown mainly on personal plots and a little on the plantations. Raspberries of the Morning Dew variety are suitable for transportation.

Yellow giant

Semi-remontant, winter-hardy variety of yellow raspberries, bearing fruit until frost. It has a high yield (up to 6 kg per bush) and unusually large, very sweet berries, weighing up to 8-10 g.

Orange miracle

The remontant raspberry variety got its name due to the non-standard, golden-orange hue of the fruit. Raspberries are large, weighing 5-6 g; there are specimens weighing up to 10 g. The berries are characterized by sweetness with a slight sourness and a delicate aroma. The variety has excellent productivity and does not tolerate severe frosts and heat.

Varieties of standard raspberries.

Tarusa

The slender bush is highly decorative and has no thorns at all. The yield of one “raspberry tree” is more than 5 kg. The bright red berry with small seeds weighs up to 10 g. The aroma of raspberries is intense, but the taste is not expressed, so the Tarusa raspberry variety is more suitable for preparations. Medium grade early date ripening, a drop in temperature below 25 degrees can be detrimental to young shoots.

Firebird

Yield variety standard raspberries medium ripening period, begins to bear fruit at the end of July. The berries are large, red, shiny, weighing from 12 to 15 g. The taste of raspberries is excellent, the berries are sweet, juicy, and do not crumble even when fully ripe. The winter hardiness level of the variety is 23-25 ​​degrees, drought resistance is high.

Sturdy

A consistently fruit-bearing variety of standard raspberries with medium ripening period. The fruits are red, weighing up to 10 g, very tasty and aromatic, easily separated from the stalk, but do not fall off for a long time. One bush can produce up to 4 kg of berries. The variety does not respond well to snow-white winters and sudden temperature changes.

Varieties of black raspberries.

Cumberland

The early-ripening variety of black raspberries has increased winter hardiness and unpretentiousness. The fruits are round, medium-sized, weighing 2-4 g, initially red, becoming glossy black as they ripen. The berry is dense, sweet, with a slight sourness and blackberry flavor. The yield of a raspberry bush is 3-4 kg.

Bristol

The most popular black raspberry variety of a new promising selection. Characterized by late maturation and produces exceptionally stable yields. Round raspberries weighing 3-5 g have a black color with a blue coating, a pleasant sweet taste and aroma. The Bristol variety does not tolerate severe cold and is not resistant to anthracnose, a fungal disease of stems.

Ember

An early ripening variety of black raspberries. The berries weighing up to 2 g are dense, black, and do not fall off when ripe. The taste is sweet and sour, the berries are perfectly stored without losing their taste and presentation. From one bush you can collect up to 5.5 kg.

Varieties of large-fruited raspberries.

Hercules

Remontant high-yielding variety raspberry, stands out for its large fruits weighing 5-8 g. Individual specimens weigh 15 g. The first harvest is harvested in mid-July, the second from the end of August until frost. Under cover it is possible to ripen 2 weeks earlier. The cone-shaped berries have a bright ruby ​​color, a pleasant, sweet and sour taste and excellent presentation.

Patricia

An early, winter-hardy, productive raspberry variety with velvety, red, conical berries weighing from 4 to 12 g. The yield reaches 8 kg per bush. The variety is characterized by a non-standard shape of fruits prone to deformation. Patricia raspberries have an excellent taste, but do not tolerate transportation and storage well.

Senator

Mid-season raspberry variety with berries weighing 7-12 grams, in some cases 15 grams. The oblong fruits are burgundy-orange in color, have a glossy shine, velvety pubescence and a rich, sweet and sour taste. The variety is characterized by increased winter hardiness and tolerates frosts down to -35 degrees without damage.

Raspberries are distinguished not only by their excellent taste qualities, but also an interesting educational story. It is probably difficult to name a corner of the planet other than the north and deserts where raspberries do not grow. There are many varieties of this plant, but the most popular is red raspberry. Most likely, the name “raspberry” appeared due to the color of the berries. In the ancient Indian language there is the word “malinaz”, which in translation means “black”, translated from Breton “melen” means yellow, and from Latin “mulleuz” means red. And the most interesting thing is that there really are varieties of raspberries, the berries of which are red, yellow and black.

History of raspberries

Raspberries have been known in the wild for quite some time. And cultivation was first mentioned in writing back in the 3rd century BC. Raspberries were especially valued in the area Ancient Rus', where poems, epics and legends were written about her. Some scientists believe that in European countries cultivated raspberry species began to be grown in gardens in the 16th century, and 200 years later - in America. The plant was discovered in Greece on Mount Ida, which is why science called it “ideus”. At first, raspberries were used as medicinal plant: The Greeks and Romans drank a tincture of flowers to protect themselves from snake and scorpion bites.

Raspberry varieties were bred from wild forest trees. In the 18th century, when there was a rise in gardening, raspberry cultivation began in Russia, although even before that, raspberries transplanted from the forest were grown in Moscow, Novgorod, and Suzdal. Interestingly, many people note wild raspberries as more aromatic, tasty and less watery. Moreover, wild raspberries are better suited for drying, because... do not lose their shape.

A historical fact is that raspberries are one of the most ancient berry bushes, and Yuri Dolgoruky first began to grow them in Russia. With the scale of the spread of raspberries, in parallel, the interest of breeders in the crop appears. They worked fruitfully and created new large-fruited varieties that can bear fruit both in summer and autumn. It was thanks to scientists that affordable varieties of red, yellow and black raspberries appeared in the world.

Today, well-known centers where raspberries are grown are the villages of Gorki, Pirogovo, Zaborye and Nepetsino.

1. Raspberries contain vitamins A, B and C, and essential oils, which are considered beneficial for the human body.
2. In botany, raspberries are called not a berry, but a polydrupe, because it contains a large number of small fruits with seeds that grow together.
3. Raspberries are used in medicine not only because of the beneficial elements they contain, but also because of their taste and pleasant smell. The berry acts as a sweetener for medications.
4. If bees collect raspberry nectar, you can be sure that the harvest will be good: they increase it by 60-100%.
5. Tea is prepared from the leaves of the bush: they are crushed and crushed to release the juice, and then dried.
6. Most raspberry bushes are grown in Russia; about 200 thousand tons of berries are produced there every year.
7. In Russian folk art, raspberry is the name for a sweet and free life, which contrasts it with viburnum, which symbolizes grief.
8. A group of criminals are often called raspberries, not because of the berry, but because “melina” means “shelter” in Hebrew.
9. Raspberries have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart, brain and hematopoiesis, and also help maintain youth and skin tone.
10. Raspberries contain copper, so they are recommended for people suffering from depression.
11. In Moscow, Yuri Dolgoruky created a raspberry garden for the first time. It was huge, which is why bears and other animals walked in it.
12. A Greek myth tells that one day a nymph wanted to give raspberries to Zeus when he was still small. He cried so loudly that the gods of Olympus could not hear each other. And when the nymph picked raspberries from the bushes, she tore her hands with thorns until they bled, which is why the berries turned red.
13. Raspberries are very tasty, but fresh ones are considered the healthiest. Although most often raspberries are consumed in processed form: jam, marmalade and other sweets are prepared, as well as alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks.
14. Raspberries are low-calorie. But you shouldn’t consume them excessively, especially when on a diet, because... it contains a lot of sugar. It consists of 11% of it.
15. In the world there are not only red, yellow and black raspberries, but also purple ones. It was created by crossing red and black raspberries. For the first time such possibilities became known to science after the Geneva experiment, which was carried out in 1896. But over time, they found purple raspberries that appeared naturally, in North America where red and black raspberries grew side by side.
16. Raspberries are considered one of the most fruit crops in the world, in particular due to pollination by bees.
17. Berries are very beneficial for facial skin. Raspberry extracts, namely berries and leaves, are used in cosmetology. But even just eating berries improves the condition of your facial skin.

Raspberry fruits can be colored in any shade of red, from pale pink to deep burgundy. The berries of some varieties are yellow, white, and sometimes even black (for example, blackberries).

From a botanical point of view, the raspberry fruit is not a berry, but a polydrupe, that is, it consists of many tiny fused fruits with seeds.
Raspberries are used in medicine not only for their beneficial properties, but also for their surprisingly pleasant taste and aroma. Raspberries are often used as a sweetener for potions and other medicines, and in folk medicine they are considered a reliable remedy for colds, nausea and fever.

Raspberry fruits can be eaten raw or prepared from them in a variety of dishes and drinks: marmalade, preserves, jam, jellies and juices. Raspberries are also used to make wines, liqueurs and liqueurs that do not require artificial flavors.

Bees, collecting raspberry nectar, increase the yield of bushes by 60-100%. The raspberry flower is turned downwards, so insects can feed from them even when it rains (see interesting facts about bees).

Raspberry leaves make an excellent tea substitute by mashing them in your hands until they release their juices and turn black, then drying them at a high temperature.

Russia is the world leader in raspberry cultivation; it produces more than 200 thousand tons of fruits per year (see interesting facts about Russia).
Scientists began dividing raspberries into different varieties back in the 16th century. The cultivation of these plants began at the same time.

In Russian folklore, “raspberry” often refers to a free, pleasant and “sweet” life without any problems. In this sense, it is the antipode of bitter viburnum, meaning misfortunes and troubles.

Among criminals, a “raspberry” is called a den of thieves. True, according to one version, the gathering of criminals received this name not because of the berry - “raspberry” became a distorted version of the Hebrew melina (translated as “bunker, shelter”).

Raspberries can help support the functioning of the heart, kidneys, circulatory system and brain, it helps maintain youth and skin tone. The fruits are rich in folic acid and iron, which makes them especially beneficial for the body of women (primarily pregnant women).

Raspberries are considered an excellent antidepressant due to the copper it contains.

According to a well-known legend, the first garden with raspberry bushes was founded by the outstanding ruler, founder of Moscow and other Russian cities, Yuri Dolgoruky. The garden was so large that wild animals, including bears, walked in it.

People first discovered raspberry bushes in Greek Crete. The Romans became the pioneers, and this happened back in the 3rd century BC (see interesting facts about Crete).

In Greece, they tell a myth according to which a nymph decided to treat little Zeus to raspberries, who was crying so loudly that the gods on Olympus could not hear each other. When she was picking berries, she tore her hands bloody on the thorns - that’s why the raspberries turned red.