Pouring columns with concrete. How to concreting columns: preparatory work, assembling a metal base and installing sides How to make concrete columns correctly

Monolithic columns are part of a building, vertical load-bearing elements. They lean on the columns balconies, terraces, ceilings. In addition to their main functions, columns are a decorative element and decorate the building’s entrance and façade.

Columns receive and transmit the load from the elements above to the foundation of the building. Reinforced concrete pillars connect the structure and serve as support for the floors.

The architectural term "column" refers directly to the middle part, support pillar. The protrusions at the top of the post for supporting floors or crossbars are called capitals or consoles. Sometimes there is a column support, a glass for attaching to a columnar foundation.

Species and types

Concrete columns are divided by type of section, production method.

According to the type of section they are divided square, round or rectangular form.

Classified according to production method factory-ready elements, supplied to the site with ready-made structures or erected on construction site, monolithic columns.

Features of the construction of monolithic columns

Before carrying out work, prepare the site, necessary materials, tools, structures. The site is marked.

Then they move directly to construction:

assemble formwork;
install the reinforcement frame;
pour the concrete mixture;
carry out concrete maintenance procedures;
allow time for the mixture to gain strength;
demoulding structures.

Monolithic reinforced concrete columns calculated at the design stage. The cross-section and shape of the column, the diameter of the reinforcement, and the brand used will depend on the amount of the planned load, including the element’s own weight.

Important! Installation deficiencies and miscalculations lead to the destruction of the structure. If the cross-section is insufficient, longitudinal bending deformation occurs and the column bends under load.

Preparation of tools and materials

The need for materials and tools is clarified at the stage of preparation for work. Tools you will need:

metal square, level for checking the verticality and horizontality of surfaces;
steel rod, will help release air;
screwdriver for fastening formwork;
vibrator compacts the mixture;
prefabricated formwork from shields, supports.

The concrete mixture is delivered to the construction site in finished form or mixed immediately before laying using a concrete mixer. To prepare, take one part of cement, add two parts of sand, mix with two parts of crushed stone and two parts of gravel. By mixing the dry mixture with water, plastic concrete of a uniform consistency is achieved.

Except concrete mixture The following materials are needed:

nails, self-tapping screws for fastening formwork;
reinforcing bars of design cross-section and length;
steel wire;

Installation of formwork

The formwork is installed in the design position. The shields are aligned vertically and strengthened with the help of struts, wooden struts. The struts are anchored using support blocks in two directions to prevent shifting.

When concreting a high column, the formwork installation process is somewhat different from the usual one. Three sides of the form are mounted, and the fourth side is closed as the formwork is filled with concrete.

Reinforcement

By tying the rods together, you get rigid volumetric frame to strengthen concrete. The number of longitudinal rods in the frame is 4-6 pcs. For a square section, four rods at the corners of the element are sufficient; for a rectangular shape, the long side is additionally reinforced. Cross-linking of reinforcement is used when constructing columns up to 2 meters long.

A frame exceeding a length of 2 m is tied with short rods across, in increments of 20-50 cm, taken in the calculation according to the planned load.

The capitals are reinforced with reinforcing mesh.

The thickness of the mesh rod is 15 mm, the cell size is 10 x 10 cm.

Reinforcement of the column is carried out by laying a mesh in each step; the dimensions and number of meshes are taken from the project.

Concreting

After installation of the formwork and reinforcement cage start concreting, which produced in layers, in layers 0.3-0.5 m thick, preventing the previous layer from setting. Do not add 50-70 mm of mortar to the top of the formwork.

To shrink concrete in columns above 5 meters, arrange technological breaks from 40 minutes to 2 hours.

When feeding ready-mixed concrete by mechanization, the feed speed is reduced to avoid segregation. Air is released from the mixture using steel rods, concrete compacted with manual vibrators. In places inaccessible to the vibrator, the concrete is compacted manually by careful bayoneting.

Upon completion of work, they produce seasonal care behind the concrete.

Dismantling of formwork

Time required for concrete to reach 100% working strength is 28 calendar days. The indicator may vary depending on environmental conditions - temperature, humidity, care package. The average standing period for monolithic columns before stripping is 7-10 days in the summer. This period allows the corners and side edges to form.

note

Concrete columns are strong load-bearing structures, the main task of which is to provide structures with the required level of vertical rigidity and strength. As a rule, they are part monolithic frame structures, supporting ceilings, terraces, balconies, etc. or being a decorative element for decoration entrance group facade and building.

Columns can be metal, prefabricated or monolithic; the appropriate type of element is chosen depending on the required characteristics (first of all, bearing capacity). The main task of the element is to become a support for various structural elements, ensure their vertical strength and evenly distribute the load, eliminate the risk of deformation and destruction, and in rare cases, decorate the interior.

You can install concrete columns for your home yourself. Subject to compliance with all production and use standards quality materials the element will exactly meet the requirements and characteristics, effectively performing its assigned function.

Purpose of concrete columns

The element takes on and transfers to the foundation the load from higher structural parts. become the support of the floors, connecting the structure between the base and ceiling surface. The pillar supports a variety of terraces, balconies, porches, ceilings, making it possible to implement any design idea and significantly increasing the service life of the entire building.

If we're talking about O decorative design, then in this case, concreting the columns acts as a means of decorating the facade and interior. They are often made with column sills, consoles, capitals, decorated with stucco, original patterns, various types material processing.

Species and types

The shape of a concrete column can be: round, square, rectangular, which is determined by the cross-section of the support.

According to production technology:

1) Prefabricated concrete columns - produced at the factory, transported to the site, relatively inexpensive, provide quick installation, high speed of drying of the solution.

2) Monolithic columns - poured into molds directly on site. It is possible to control the quality of laying the solution and the flow of the mixture. But the production of such structural elements requires a lot of labor and time, and is quite expensive.

When choosing the type of column, it is very important to consider the type of marking of the finished reinforced concrete product of this type.

Column markings:

T1 – for fixing concrete consoles installed perpendicular to the main columns.
C1 – for the installation of lattice connections.
L1 – for the installation of flights of stairs with three flights.
L - stairs are connected with two flights.
P - used in places where it is necessary to create a column under a crossbar (installed where there is a rotation of the general frame).
SS – support with 2-4 edges for high-quality fastening of the rigid walls.
C - for fastening various panels in contact with the reinforcement walls.
T – concrete columns at the ends of building enclosing panels.

Features of the construction of monolithic columns

Before starting production reinforced concrete supports, you need to prepare a flat area, take care of tools and materials, mark and calculate everything, then complete everything construction works. The requirements for concrete mortar are simple - the mixture must be plastic and strong enough.

Shape and cross-section of concrete columns, diameter metal rods, the grade of concrete depends on the volume of load acting on the element (taking into account the dead weight of the support), the climatic characteristics of the region, the number of storeys of the building, and the purpose of the object.

In the construction of a personal building, square supports are usually installed where it is necessary to take the load of the floors and transfer it to the foundation.

Creating monolithic columns:

Formwork construction
Installation metal frame
, provision normal conditions to dry it
Dismantling the formwork after the concrete solution has completely dried and gained strength

Preparation of tools and materials

To perform each stage of work on the production of concrete columns with high quality, it is necessary to prepare the following tools and devices: concrete pump, hammer, building level, rectangular corner, wooden spacers, screwdriver, vibrators, concrete mixer, tape measure.

Materials: metal wire, reinforced mesh or metal rods, screws and nails, wide boards, steel rod, anchors, cement, water, lime, sand.

It is delivered to the site in dry form or prepared according to a recipe: part cement, two parts each of gravel, crushed stone, sand, water (in sufficient quantity to obtain a homogeneous plastic mixture).

Installation of formwork

The formwork is constructed on four sides of the support, with the required internal dimensions. Boards and moisture-resistant plywood are suitable for work. The panels are leveled vertically and secured with screws or struts and wooden spacers. It is advisable to anchor the struts with support blocks in two directions, which will prevent shifting. Use a corner to check the evenness of right angles.

If it is intended to build a high concrete column, the formwork is made and installed on three sides, and the fourth is built up during the process of pouring the solution.

Many manufacturers offer to buy ready-made structures made of plastic, wood, and metal. Metal ones are usually reusable, quickly and easily assembled/disassembled, and guarantee the correct geometry. Wooden ones are made from bars and boards, but only square or rectangular shapes can be made from them. Round shapes are made of plastic. Disposable ones are made from cardboard; their shape can only be cylindrical.

Reinforcement

To install a concrete column, vertical reinforcement with a diameter of 12 millimeters is used. Typically these are four or six rods located at the corners of a square or rectangle. If the height of the reinforcement is more than 3 meters, create decking steps of 2 meters.

The frame is assembled from reinforcement different ways. If a square monolithic concrete column with low weight and volume is created, the frame is assembled in future form formwork by hand using the tilting method. If the weight is large, then the rods are knitted in place, installing the rods separately. The finished structure is mounted using various supports and boards.

The rods in the frame, more than 2 meters long, are fastened together with metal knitting wire in increments of 20-40 centimeters. The capitals should be reinforced with reinforcing mesh.

Concreting

Concrete for pouring is usually made on site, from at least M400 grade cement, gravel, crushed stone, and sand. The solution used to fill the foundation is not suitable for the job, monolithic walls. Good choice concrete with mobility P2 will become (in private construction), but if a densely reinforced column is poured (construction of pillars for the construction of a factory, for example), concrete P4 is used.

There are different recipes, here is another one: part sand, 4 parts gravel or crushed stone, 1 part cement. During the concreting process, it is important to ensure that the frame is motionless and in its place. If necessary, the structure is adjusted and installed strictly vertically.

The concreting itself is carried out layer by layer, the thickness of one layer should be 30-50 centimeters, it is poured until the previous layer has set. 5-7 centimeters of mortar are not added to the top of the formwork.

When pouring concrete, be sure to ensure compaction of the mixture: this can be done with a special vibrator or manually, removing air pockets by tapping the formwork with a hammer or by bayoneting metal rod into solution. If the columns are more than 5 meters, technological breaks lasting 40-120 minutes are planned for shrinkage.

Dismantling of formwork

The period for concrete to gain strength is 28 days with optimal temperature conditions plus or minus depending on environmental conditions - humidity, proper care. On average, the standing period of columns is up to 10 days in the summer, when the side faces and corners are already formed. Only then can the formwork be dismantled. During the drying process of the concrete (28 days), it is prohibited to carry out any work related to the load on the column and its base or nearby parts of the structure.

How to make concrete columns with your own hands

Given that correct execution all work and compliance regulatory requirements, taking into account various external factors (type of soil, climatic features, height of the object, etc.) and using high-quality materials, it is quite possible to create concrete columns yourself. The main thing is to correctly determine the loads, make calculations in advance and strictly follow them.

Useful video on the topic

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Concreting columns

The column is a load-bearing engineering structure, which, in addition to its practical function, also performs decorative purpose. Today, columns to ensure the vertical rigidity of a building can be made of metal or reinforced concrete.

In its turn reinforced concrete structures, have become most widespread due to various advantages. For this reason, when making columns with your own hands, the greatest preference is given to concrete products. How columns are concreted will be discussed below.

Concreting columns

It should be said right away that making concrete columns with your own hands is a labor-intensive and costly process, both physically and financially. Before you start making reinforced concrete columns, you should study the relevant technology as much as possible, watch videos on the Internet and prepare the tools necessary for this work.

Then you will need to decide on the shape of the future column, since it can be round, rectangular, or square. Of the tools for making columns, you will first need:

Building level;
Plumb;
Hammer and hacksaw for wood;
Bulgarian;
Roulette;
Concrete mixer;
Shovels and other devices for working with mortar.

Materials you will need:

Boards for making formwork;
Reinforcement (12mm) or metal grid;
Knitting wire;
Anchor bolts;
Clamps.

The construction of a column with your own hands is divided into the following stages - reinforcement, installation of formwork and concreting assembled structure. Let's consider each of the above stages in order.

Pouring concrete columns with your own hands

To reinforce reinforced concrete columns, reinforcement of at least 12 mm is used. Even before starting to assemble the formwork, a square-shaped metal frame is assembled, consisting of four main rods in the corners. If the column has a height of more than 3 meters, then special blind areas must be made every two meters.

When the column has no greater height, then the metal frame can be installed in a pre-assembled form, immediately into the formwork, after its installation. The reinforcement is fastened to each other either with knitting wire or with special clamps designed for these purposes.

Formwork for concreting columns is usually assembled from boards, according to pre-measured internal dimensions. It is necessary to take into account the large load on the formwork when pouring concrete, so it is necessary to very carefully unfasten the boards when assembling it.

Be sure to install slope supports on the sides of the assembled formwork, before pouring it with concrete mortar. If the column has a large height, then it is built up during concrete pouring, and also with the obligatory installation of slope struts.

The concrete used for pouring columns is not the same as, for example, in construction monolithic foundation. Its main parameter in this case is mobility. For most columns, a concrete solution with a mobility of P2 is used, and when pouring densely reinforced ones, concrete with a mobility of at least P4 is used.

An important process when concreting columns is the compaction of the concrete mixture, which is produced by such specialized equipment as deep-well and external pumps. When making concrete columns with your own hands, get rid of air jams in concrete allows tapping the formwork walls with a hammer.

During the process of concreting the columns, it is always necessary to monitor whether the metal frame has shifted inside the installed formwork. If necessary, its location should be adjusted strictly vertically and in its center.

Concrete for pouring columns with your own hands consists of cement grade no lower than M400, sand and gravel. If we talk about its proportions, they look like this - for 1 part cement, 1 part sand and 4 parts gravel are required.

samastroyka.ru

How to make concrete columns with your own hands?

Columns in building systems perform both a decorative and an actual function - they are considered the main load-bearing component of the structure. And since, by default, the supports are expected to be heavily loaded, they naturally must be made in maximum compliance with all existing generally accepted standards and rules. In this article we will talk about how concrete columns are poured correctly, as if it is important to take into account here and that it is categorically not recommended to work. These systems are divided, previously only, into these main groups: Round; Rectangular;

Square. Since installation finished products We will not look at it in any way, but we will talk carefully about the device of monolithic supports, then it is worth navigating the claims for such supports. And of course, for the production of concrete columns to be successful, it is necessary to take into account all the accompanying reasons: The number of floors of the object on which the supports are installed; The purpose of the object - since the degree of future overload on the columns directly depends on this; Type of soil at the site; Climatic characteristics of the region where construction is taking place. We recommend: in order to make a truly high-quality reinforced concrete support, you should familiarize yourself with the information contained in GOSTs. Columns in building systems perform both a decorative function and an actual one - they are considered the main load-bearing component of the structure. And since, by default, the supports are expected to be heavily loaded, they naturally must be made in maximum compliance with all existing generally accepted standards and rules. In this article we will talk about how concrete columns are poured correctly, as if it is important to take into account here and that it is categorically not recommended to work. These systems are divided, previously only, into these main groups: Round; Rectangular;

Square. Since we will not look at the installation of finished products, but we will talk carefully about the installation of monolithic supports, it is worth focusing on the requirements for such supports. And of course, for the production of concrete columns to be successful, you need to take into account all the accompanying reasons: Number of floors the object on which the supports are installed; The purpose of the object - since the degree of future overload on the columns directly depends on this; Type of soil at the site; Climatic characteristics of the region where construction is taking place. We recommend: in order to make a truly high-quality reinforced concrete support, you should familiarize yourself with the information contained in GOST standards. In these documents it is possible to find general information about the correct production of reinforced concrete products and columns in particular. In principle, we are done with the review of products; we can move on specifically to their production and pouring. Finally, a short step-by-step summary on the installation of supports for buildings. Before we begin, it is worth noting one fundamental point - we will look at the most common assembly method, which can easily be implemented without the help of others. When constructing a personal building, for example. Publishing a review on pouring pillars yourself for the construction of a plant is of no importance, agree. At a minimum, because it will not be possible to cope with such an object in the same way - you will have to attract many highly qualified professionals who themselves understand how similar tasks are performed. 23009-78, 18979-90, 25628-90 and 23899-79. In these documents you can find general information about the correct production of reinforced concrete products and columns in particular. In principle, we are done with the review of products; we can move on specifically to their production and pouring. Finally, a short step-by-step summary on the installation of supports for buildings. Before we begin, it is worth noting one fundamental point - we will look at the most common assembly method, which can easily be implemented without the help of others. When constructing a personal building, for example.

Publishing a review on pouring pillars yourself for the construction of a plant is of no importance, agree. At a minimum, because it will not be possible to cope with such an object alone - you will have to attract many highly qualified professionals who themselves understand how similar tasks are performed.

rusbetonplus.ru

Molds for pouring columns: independent production and installation

Columns are increasingly used in the architecture of facades and interiors. It's not only beautiful decorative element, it is also a practical, utilitarian piece of construction.

It allows you to support floors or beams without taking up much usable area lower floor.

You can buy a ready-made column, but it is more convenient and cheaper to make it yourself. The easiest way is to lay it out of brick, but a monolith is much stronger and more reliable, and to make it you will have to make formwork.

Depending on the method of use, they are non-removable, disposable and reusable. They are made of metal, wood, plastic and even cardboard.

Metal. Usually reusable. These are convenient ready-made shields that are easily and quickly assembled, provide the correct geometry, and are quickly dismantled.
Wooden. Usually homemade, reusable. They are made from boards and bars. Cheaper, but with their help it is more difficult to ensure the correct shape, especially one other than a rectangle.
Plastic. usually done round shapes. You can purchase ready-made ones, or you can make your own formwork from plastic pipes of suitable diameter.
Cardboard. are made of dense, impregnated special adhesives cardboard The shape is only cylindrical, such formwork is exclusively disposable.

Ready-made formworks are offered by many manufacturers, but you can make them yourself if you take into account some of the features of this design.

Peculiarities

The column has a small width and thickness, but often has a significant height. This determines quite specific loads on the form.

The formwork experiences significant pressure in the lower part and very little in the upper part.

The elongation of the form in height makes the structure very unstable, it can easily collapse, so the formwork requires several supports.

Also, the form must have rigidity so as not to fold or bend under the weight of concrete.

It is assumed that the column will work under compression, so it is extremely important to avoid distortion of the structure. If the form is bent in an arc, then the support made in it can easily crack under load. The column can withstand bending loads very poorly.

It is very important to clearly maintain the vertical level. Even a slight deviation from the vertical creates an imbalance of loads that can lead to failure of the entire structure.

First, the size of future columns is determined.
Boards are prepared that will serve as forming surfaces - they are adjusted to the size of the pillars, sanded on the side that will be in contact with the concrete.
Cross members are nailed to the boards - small bars that will serve as stiffeners.
Individual boards with bars are knocked together into shapes for pillars. The part that will be at the bottom of the column needs to be connected especially tightly.

Then the frame is made from reinforcement with your own hands.

Since the pillars are square, it is most convenient to take four vertical rods, tying them together with short crossbars made of soft wire.

The reinforcement is placed into the mold and the entire structure is installed at the location where the column is installed.

To make the boards easier to remove later, they can be lined with oilcloth on the inside. To assemble the form, you need to choose smooth boards so that the pillars do not have bends or curvature.

It is worth remembering that this is a disposable formwork for columns; after the concrete hardens, the cardboard will have to be torn off from it, like wallpaper from a wall.

The easiest way is to make formwork in a mesh frame. First, a steel mesh with square cells is taken, which is not prone to stretching.

It is rolled up into a cylinder of the required diameter and securely fastened in this position with wire or welding.

Then folded cardboard is placed inside, which, after laying, straightens out and rests against the mesh. Finding sheets of cardboard for 2-3 meter poles is not easy, so you will have to use several sheets, fastening them overlapping each other with adhesive tape.

The structure turns out to be very unstable, so wooden supports are required.

Such disposable formwork is suitable for round columns; rectangular or square ones cannot be filled.

You can make permanent formwork from polystyrene foam with your own hands.

This option is used when facade works, it allows you to get very smooth surfaces, uniform with foam-insulated walls.

However, this permanent formwork low strength, so it also requires a supporting frame.

Steel mesh will cost 20-25 rubles per square meter, thick cardboard - 200-250 rubles per roll. Polystyrene foam will cost 1000-1200 rubles per cubic meter.

Watch our video collection:

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Column formwork: types and solutions

Today, round concrete columns are very often used in construction, which serve as supports for large terraces, small balconies and upper floors. In order to erect a column, it is necessary first of all to construct formwork, plastic, cardboard, etc., into which the concrete solution will be poured. This design can be reusable or disposable. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. About them and how to make a frame for a column with your own hands and we'll talk Further.

Reusable formwork is a frame that can be used in work a large number of once. Such a structure is usually assembled directly at the construction site and concrete mixture is poured into it. After the concrete solution has dried a little, the formwork is removed and used in other work. The disadvantage of this design is that the round columns may not come out in one piece, since often the height of the frame does not coincide with the desired height finished design. In this case, the formwork has to be put on several times.

There is no point in buying your own reusable design, since it will be used very rarely at home. It is best to rent it. The cost of a reusable frame will depend on many factors. These include the material used to make the structure, the costs of its proper conservation, care and transportation to the construction site. In addition, you need to calculate the costs of the mechanisms with which the formwork will be lifted.

Round column formwork, which can be used several times, is divided into several types:

beam;

steel;

plastic.

The beam design allows you to create columns of almost any height. It can also be used for the construction of bridges, walls and any vertical structures, even very large ones. The beam frame is assembled with your own hands, like a construction set, and then strengthened with spacers. Steel formwork is also very good for round columns, but after each use it needs to be lubricated with special mixtures. Considering that the steel frame is quite heavy, it can only be handled using special lifting equipment.

Plastic formwork for columns (see photo) is not as heavy as the previous one, but also not as reliable. It is recommended to use it carefully so as not to damage the material. Individual plastic elements are connected to each other small details, what you need to do with your own hands very carefully, because otherwise, under the pressure of the solution, the structure may simply fall apart. The advantage of this frame is its low price.

Application of a fixed structure

Fixed formwork for columns is not used so often today, because it requires a special approach. To create it, a solution of cement, sand and water is prepared, which is passed through a special machine, from which ready-made frames of the required shape emerge. Such products have thin, but at the same time very durable walls. This becomes possible due to the compaction of the mixture and the displacement of almost all liquid from it. As a result, the frames become not only very durable, but also resistant to excessive humidity, frost and severe temperature changes.

One-time construction

The cheapest and most practical formwork today is considered to be disposable formwork for columns, made from cardboard. It is a cardboard connected in a spiral, which is treated with a mixture that repels water (see photo). Inside the formwork there may be a covering of polyethylene film. The cardboard structure for creating round columns can have a diameter of 25 centimeters to 1.1 meters, and its length is usually about 11 meters. Depending on the diameter and height of the frame, the thickness of its walls may vary.

Cardboard formwork for columns is very easy to install. Installation does not require additional equipment or tools. Thanks to this, all work can be easily done with your own hands. To begin with, the formwork must be placed vertically and carefully attached to the floor. The structure can be secured from above using anchor rods. Next, the inside of the formwork is filled with concrete mortar, after which the cardboard is carefully separated from the concrete after drying. This can be done using a special rope, by pulling which you can divide the frame into two parts (see video).

Columns are increasingly used in the architecture of facades and interiors. This is not only a beautiful decorative element, it is also a practical, utilitarian piece of construction.

It allows you to support floors or beams without taking up much of the usable area of the lower floor.

Depending on the method of use, they are non-removable, disposable and reusable. They are made of metal, wood, plastic and even cardboard.

Metal.
Usually reusable. These are convenient ready-made shields that are easily and quickly assembled, provide the correct geometry, and are quickly dismantled.
Wooden.
Cardboard.

Ready-made formworks are offered by many manufacturers, but you can make them yourself if you take into account some of the features of this design.

Peculiarities

The column has a small width and thickness, but often has a significant height. This determines quite specific loads on the form.

The formwork experiences significant pressure in the lower part and very little in the upper part.

The elongation of the form in height makes the structure very unstable, it can easily collapse, so the formwork requires several supports.

are made of dense cardboard impregnated with special adhesives. The shape is only cylindrical, such formwork is exclusively disposable.

It is very important to clearly maintain the vertical level. Even a slight deviation from the vertical creates an imbalance of loads that can lead to failure of the entire structure.

Also, the form must have rigidity so as not to fold or bend under the weight of concrete.

Self-assembly of the form

To make the boards easier to remove later, they can be lined with oilcloth on the inside. To assemble the form, you need to choose smooth boards so that the pillars do not have bends or curvature.

The easiest way to make wooden formwork for square or rectangular supports with your own hands. The sequence is:

Alternative options

It is worth remembering that this is a disposable formwork for columns; after the concrete hardens, the cardboard will have to be torn off from it, like wallpaper from a wall.

The easiest way is to make formwork in a mesh frame. First, a steel mesh with square cells is taken, which is not prone to stretching.

It is rolled up into a cylinder of the required diameter and securely fastened in this position with wire or welding.

You can also make your own mold from cardboard. But since only ordinary cardboard is available at home, to strengthen it you will need to use an additional metal reinforcing mesh or a wooden frame.

Such disposable formwork is suitable for round columns; rectangular or square ones cannot be filled.

You can make permanent formwork from polystyrene foam with your own hands.

The structure turns out to be very unstable, so wooden supports are required.

This option is used for facade work; it allows you to obtain very smooth surfaces, uniform with foam-insulated walls.

However, this permanent formwork is low-strength, so it also requires a supporting frame.

Price

Steel mesh will cost 20-25 rubles per square meter, thick cardboard - 200-250 rubles per roll. Polystyrene foam will cost 1000-1200 rubles per cubic meter.

Since everything is supposed to be done with your own hands, the price of the pole molds is determined by the cost of materials. If you make formwork from wood, then you will need to pay about 6-7 thousand rubles per cubic meter of pine. In residential construction, concrete columns are used as supports. concrete floors upper tiers. At correct filling they are capable for a long time

withstand significant loads. The technology for pouring a concrete column with your own hands does not involve the use of complex equipment. It is important to follow the basic rules for installing formwork, reinforcement and pouring. This will be discussed further.

Formworks are distinguished according to three characteristics:
according to design features: there are removable and non-removable, the latter remain part of the column;
in shape: can be square, rectangular, round, oval, multifaceted;

according to the material of manufacture.

The last characteristic should be discussed in more detail.

Plastic formwork is assembled from individual elements
Metal formwork can be corner, panel and beam-transom. It is reliable and allows you to increase productivity. The disadvantage is that it is heavy, which makes it difficult to fill the columns with your own hands.
Plastic formwork weighs little and is easy to clean from concrete. Requires careful handling (plastic is a fragile material). Wooden: most convenient for those who cast concrete columns with their own hands. Assembled from plywood,, boards, beams. To construct it, you will need tools and devices for working with wood. The technology does not allow casting columns of round and oval shapes.
Cardboard: the cheapest formwork, comparable in characteristics to plastic. Can only be used once.

Cardboard formwork is dismantled after the concrete has hardened

Important: making concrete columns with your own hands using metal formwork almost impossible, as it requires the use of lifting equipment.

Calculation of column filling volume

To pour a column, it is important to know exactly how much concrete is needed. Filling must be done in one step, otherwise the strength of the structure will be reduced. Ordering extra concrete is a waste of money. Calculating the amount of concrete mixture consists of the following steps.

We calculate the volume of the column (circular cross-section) using the formula V=πr 2 h, where:
Determine the diameter and height of the column using a tape measure.

π=3.14 (constant), r – column radius, h – column height. To calculate rectangular and square columns in cross-section, we use the formula V = abc, where a is the height, b is the depth and c is the width. In the case of polygonal, oval and other columns complex shape the height is multiplied by the cross-sectional area. It is important that all parameters are indicated in SI units of the same dimension (meters).

We add 10% to the result, taking into account possible losses of the concrete mixture at each stage of work. In case of construction reinforced concrete column There is no need to compensate for losses due to the small volume of reinforcing elements.

Installation technology of beam-transom formwork

Beam-transom formwork is an ideal form for DIY concrete columns. It provides a high-quality surface and can be used for the construction of columns with a cross-section of any configuration. Installation of formwork is carried out in stages.

Column beam-transom formwork

The flooring is made from beams and slab material(plywood or OSB). Flooring is necessary for assembly work.
Maintaining the appropriate distance technical specifications, crossbars are placed on the flooring.
Formwork beams made of wooden beams. Fastening is done with clamps.
Lay on top of the beams sheet material and secure it with self-tapping screws.
The rigidity of the structure is ensured with the help of beams that are attached to wooden beams(to the lower ends).
Holes for tightening screws are drilled along the edges of the sheets.
The panels are connected to each other with coupling screws.

Note: in order to make formwork for a round column, a special hinged insert is installed between the panels. Formwork for high-height columns is assembled from formworks connected by overlays.

How to make cardboard formwork

Do-it-yourself formwork for concrete columns is made from thick cardboard and chain-link. Number of mesh (in square meters) are determined by the formula S=2 πrh. Further actions consist of the following steps.

Taking into account the size of the column, a frame is rolled up from the chain-link mesh. Cardboard is placed inside the frame and the outline of the column is formed.
Supports are installed to fix the shape of the structure.
Pour the concrete mixture.
The chain-link is dismantled after the concrete has hardened (after 28 days) and the cardboard is removed.

Formwork made of boards and beams

A do-it-yourself concrete column in the field of cottage construction is most often constructed using formwork made of plywood, beams and boards. The peculiarity of the material allows you to create columns of square, rectangular, and less commonly, polygonal cross-sections. In this case, the following rules must be observed.

Shields wooden formwork supported by slopes

The thickness of the boards used should not be less than 20 mm. Minimum thickness OSB boards and plywood - 16 mm.
Knowing the dimensions of the column, the panels are assembled, which are then connected into a single structure. The shields are reinforced with diagonal beams.
Panel connections are made with self-tapping screws.
The inner walls of wooden formwork are covered with waterproofing (roofing felt, polyethylene).
The formwork is dismantled after the concrete has completely hardened.

Stages of installation of formwork from wooden panels

Column reinforcement: basic principles

A concrete column can be quite strong if it is properly reinforced. For this purpose, reinforcement with a diameter of at least 10 mm is used. The reinforcement pins are installed along the perimeter of the formwork (in the middle of it) at a distance of at least 10 mm from the walls. Every 0.5 m they are laid and fastened horizontal elements. Fastening is carried out using welding and binding wire.

Formwork reinforcement with vertical and horizontal elements

At the end of the article, do-it-yourself installation of concrete columns (video clearly demonstrating the main stages of the work).