The height of the plinth from the ground according to the standards. Plinth for a house brick plinth device Low plinth of the house on one side

Often in private houses a basement is created. It is first or ground floor. Although, in essence, this basement. Work on it must be carried out in strict compliance with certain criteria. The law has specific criteria (from 2.5 to 3 meters). They touch the height of this space.

There are also taxes on the area built for living. This question interests everyone who is planning their home.

The disadvantages of a basement are the enormous costs, from digging holes to electrical wiring. The estimated cost is calculated after a geological and engineering study: the type of soil, level groundwater. There are situations when these factors categorically do not allow creating a basement floor - its construction and maintenance will be unreasonably expensive.

Tasks of basement premises

Basement rooms in private buildings need good drainage, powerful and insulating. Simply forming a continuation of the foundation is not enough. By neglecting the rules of waterproofing and using low-quality materials in your work, you seriously increase the risk of drowning.

Important! Work should be carried out only by highly qualified specialists.

Usually windows in plinths are not suitable, it is almost impossible. Exceptions are in the photo below. But even if there are windows, full natural light It doesn't work here. Therefore, such premises are not considered residential. Here, as a rule, they organize: sports facilities, domestic cinemas, saunas, etc. The issue of ventilation in the basement is especially relevant when a gym is being built. It is necessary to install pressure sewerage here if saunas and showers are created.

Usually, a plan to create a basement appears when it is not possible to create all the intended rooms in the house or their area is small for some of the owner’s ideas. Also, the need for a base is determined by when the site has a slope with a significant difference in height. But with proper construction, good savings can be achieved and the pace of work can be increased.

How to arrange this? First of all, chase the number of residential square meters useless. It is better to choose small premises (the result can be up to 3 floors). But there should also be ideas about the purpose of the plinth. What is going to be there? A playroom, a warehouse-cellar, a recreation room or a place for other activities? Let's say building a storage room or shed separately, or attaching it to the house, is much cheaper. The basement or basement will definitely need to be heated, not every year, but still most owners of the basement are forced to take measures against increased dampness.

To correct local natural disaster at the very bottom of the pit, it is advisable to look at this material:

Types of socles

1. Buried. This is the most common type. He has a very strong resistance to moisture. Water quickly leaves such a base.
2. Speaker. It is usually arranged when the wall structures of the house are quite thin.
3. On the same level as the foundation. Not the most rational option, because it has poor resistance to moisture and at the same time it becomes the beginning of the wall. We have to seriously strengthen the water protection, and this is an additional expense. Also, with this option, there is no way to improve the appearance of the building.

Base materials

The base continues the foundation. And the material used for it is similar. It is rare to use the materials that were used to create wall structures.

The most popular options for materials for the base:

1. Already created blocks.
2. Bricks.
3. Monolithic concrete.

Whatever option you prefer, work always starts from calculations. Particular care is required calculate wall thickness. Concrete screeds and slabs usually form the floor. The base can be created from already formed reinforced concrete slabs. Wood materials are used for cladding.

If the base is much higher than the ground level, then there, in the upper part, entire windows and doors are made. They should not go north. Thus, frames can become deformed due to significant accumulations of snow.

The initial stage of facing is the creation stairs in the basement. The most commonly created options are:

1. Classical march. It is arranged only if the area is sufficient for this.
2. Screw. It is created when the conditions of the base do not allow the first option to be arranged.

Water protection

For the base you need to do double-sided waterproofing. It is not necessary to isolate components that are concentrated above ground level.

The most powerful protection is provided only if the base is based on a concrete monolith. Again, the work must be carried out very efficiently, otherwise the slab will not adhere well to the walls under the influence of moisture. Do not forget about the standards for the height of the plinth - 250 cm. For this, a foundation pit of the appropriate depth is formed.

Creating projects

As already noted, it is very important to determine required thickness walls The type of soil, the location of the building, and the type and behavior of the soil are taken into account. If the soil is reliable, then the thickness of the basement walls can match the other walls of the house. If there are problems with the soil, their thickness increases by 20-30 cm.

If the building is built of wood, then the base can be created from concrete blocks.

The project must also reflect the position of groundwater. Since there is a requirement for the depth of the pit, it should not reach their level. The soil is studied in advance and the depth of these waters is determined.

For your information! A permit, or rather an update of the document, is needed if you initially submitted papers for individual housing construction without a base, but after some time you changed your mind in favor of the ground floor. And according to the law, if the area changes by 17% or more, documents must be submitted to the HOA for approval.

Pricing issues

They are determined by the following factors:

1. Region of your residence (climate, soil, soil, etc.)
2. Prices of materials in your region.
3. Cost of services of specialists and workers.
4. Conceived parameters of the plinth and foundation.

Example 1. Base parameters: 10x10. The foundation is strip. Its depth is 240 cm, width – 30 cm, elevation above the ground: 60 cm.

The following materials are involved here:

1. Land sampling – 360 cubic meters. m. = 360 thousand rubles.
2. Corrugated reinforcement, cross-section 0.14 cm. 5700 m involved. Cost about 205,150 rubles.
3. Concrete. Expenses: RUB 265,900.
4. Formwork, 10 cubic meters. Expenses: 62,000 rub.
5. Water protection. Bitumen mastic. She demanded 60,000 rubles. This is the inner layer. The outer layer of roofing felt costs about 60,000 rubles.
6. Insulation. Expanded polystyrene. One slab is 10 cm thick, 58 cm wide, and 26 cm long. 10 slabs are needed. Costs are about 32,000 -35,000 rubles.
7. Materials for the layer (crushed stone and sand) + nails. Expenses: 42,000 rub.

Tools:

• For calculations: tape measure, pencil, level.
• For masonry: trowel, pick.
• Others: shovel, hammer, plumb line.

Their total cost is within 30,000 rubles.

Workers' services here will cost about 130 -140 thousand rubles. This includes their fee and expenses for accommodation and food.

If you carry out the work yourself, then other numbers appear here. Digging the necessary pit and filling it will cost approximately 50,000 rubles.

Example 2. The parameters of the plinth are 8 x 8 m. The walls are made of FBS blocks. The foundation is slab, monolith.

Materials:

1. Waterproofing, roofing material.
2. Insulation. Penoplex. Thickness – 5 cm.
3. Change house. Parameters 2.5x5 m.

The list of tools is almost the same. There will also be costs for work, equipment rental, and delivery of materials.

The total price of all of the above is about 1,000,000 rubles.

Of this amount, approximately 64% is spent on the purchase of materials, 7% on their delivery, 3% on tools, 14% on work, 7% on equipment rental, and 5% on change rooms.

When a basement is built in a location where groundwater is high, costs increase significantly. We will have to build a very strong foundation. Usually in such cases a pile foundation and a plinth on it are created. The costs indicated in the first example may increase by approximately 1.5 - 2 times.

Of course, you can save money on the construction of the basement. The main thing is to do this without compromising quality. It is especially not worth saving on concrete and waterproofing, as well as insulation. It is better to create a base with smaller parameters, but reliable and with a powerful base.

Also, don’t skimp on workers. high class. If you yourself are not able to carry out quality work or you don’t have time, then it’s better to entrust this matter to specialists with the characteristics. Today it is quite popular to order a turnkey base. The price range here is very wide. Much depends on the parameters of the planned base, geological factors, prices of materials and services of a particular company. Below are some examples of turnkey plinths, taking into account different parameters and factors.

Table. Calculations based on data in central regions

Should I do it or not? What they say on the forums

The most often advised is the following:

1. If you have free funds, then you can implement your plans. If there is a lack of money in the process, you can postpone finishing work exactly on the base indefinitely.
2. As a rule, a basement is always planned on expensive and small plots in order to increase space.

Identified disadvantages during the construction process:

1. The price of building a foundation with a basement or ground floor increases by 35-40%. This is significant money, especially if there is no foreseeable need for space.
2. Sometimes they forget about insulation and waterproofing, but the sprinkling has already been done. It is necessary to re-prepare the external trenches, attach polystyrene foam or come up with something new with waterproofing.

A selection of arguments for

One of the most popular videos on the topic. The author is distinguished by both academic and worldly savvy, judging by the level of elaboration of the topic. In addition, the author is obviously a supporter of the construction of a basement floor and quite convincingly proves the practicality of its arrangement.

Today we'll talk O plinth. One of the meanings of the word what?(Italian zoccolo - shoe with a wooden sole) - lower part outer wall(most often protruding), which is located on the foundation.

We do not plan to cover the topic of building basements for a house completely - there is the Internet for that. We will tell you in detail everything about how we built a brick plinth on a monolithic reinforced concrete strip foundation for our house from gas silicate blocks.

In this article, as usual, you will find a lot of specific, useful and, we hope, interesting material for you:

• briefly about the purpose of the base;
• briefly about the types of base;
• a detailed description of the construction of a brick plinth for our house from gas silicate blocks (foam concrete);
• new photos and audio recordings telling about the construction of the basement for the house.

Purpose of the base

The plinth is an intermediate structure located between the foundation and load-bearing walls.

1. One of the purposes of the plinth is prevention the walls of your home from atmospheric precipitation (melting snow, rainwater, dew), capillary suction(moisture coming from the ground). If the house does not have a basement, then capillary moisture can rise up to 3 meters up the wall of your house. This can further lead to mold and rotting of the wall, loss of frost resistance and increased thermal conductivity. wall material.
2. Since our house does not have a basement (basement) and the floor is located on the ground, the basement, takes on mechanical stress, which is caused by the backfilled earth inside the perimeter of the house;
3. It rests on the plinth.
4. For our house we poured . In this case the base will also allow you to “decorate” the perimeter future home.

Thus, on plinth the building is fully impacted. Therefore, to ensure the strength and safety of the base, it must be built from high-quality materials that have frost resistance, minimal moisture resistance and mechanical strength.

When constructing the basement for our house, we did not use new brick, but quite durable and good quality. This is clearly visible in the photos attached to the article. Thus, we were able to successfully solve two problems at once:

• minimized the cost of brick for the basement by using old brick;
• used solid brick good quality.

Base types

It should be noted that below we will talk about plinths, taking into account the final insulation or finishing of the walls and the plinth itself. This important note, because directly when laying the base and walls, and then when finishing them, the location of the walls and base relative to each other may change.

There are three main types of base.

Sometimes you can find houses where the base protrudes outwards relative to the wall — protruding plinth. Such a base requires the construction of a protective drain. Since this type of base is most susceptible to weathering, it is necessary to use quality materials for finishing it. It is advisable to use a base of this type if a thin-walled house has a basement (basement), which requires additional insulation. Or a protruding plinth is the architect’s way of expressing his idea. A protruding base is not often used when building a house.

Sometimes the plinth is flush with a wall. This is also a fairly rarely used type of plinth for the construction of a country house.

In our case, for walls made of gas silicate blocks, brick the base is “recessed” relative to the walls -sinking base. Why did we choose this type of base?

With a sinking base, rainwater flowing down the walls does not reach the junction between the wall and the base and flows unhindered to the ground. Wherein waterproofing layer, hidden by a wall projection, is protected from precipitation and external mechanical influences. In addition, the sinking base allows you to save money during its construction:

• reducing costs for materials for the plinth,
• reduction of construction time;
• no need for a drainage device, as is the case with a protruding base.

It is optimal for the base to “sink” relative to the walls (taking into account the insulation and finishing performed) by at least 5 cm.

During the construction of our house, the base took on the appearance of sinking after we insulated it with polystyrene foam and plastered the walls. When laying walls from blocks, the base protruded relative to the walls. In the photo on the left, when magnified, you can clearly see how during the laying of the walls, before their subsequent insulation and plastering, the brick base slightly “protrudes” beyond the walls.

Construction of a brick plinth on a strip monolithic reinforced concrete foundation for a house made of gas silicate blocks

So, your foundation has already been poured. It's time to start building the base.

First, listen to a short audio, and then we will describe in more detail all the steps of constructing the base:

1. Setting the corners when constructing the base.

When laying the base, as in the future, with , it is VERY IMPORTANT to set the corners correctly. Incorrectly set angles will lead, in the future, to incorrect wall laying. Incorrectly set corners of the plinth, if the deviation is insignificant, can be corrected when laying the first row of walls. However, you shouldn't count on this. It's better to do everything right at once.

The first thing to do is to initially lay out bricks in the four corners without mortar along the width of the future base. The bricks in the corners must be leveled.

Then, using a tape measure or using a strong thread (the thread should not stretch!) we very accurately measure the length and width of the sides of the future house, taking into account the laid out corners. It is also necessary to measure both diagonals. All measurements must be correspondingly equal: the length of one side must be equal to the length of the other side of the wall, etc.

If the measurements are equal, then you have done everything correctly and you can start laying the base. If some measurements do not match, this means that not all angles are equal to 90 degrees. and this needs to be fixed urgently. How can this be done?

It is necessary to constantly recheck all the measurements described above, using simultaneous movement corner bricks on one of the sides (you didn’t use a solution when setting the corners?), find that optimal location them at the corners, at which the measurements of the sides will respectively coincide or have a deviation of no more than 2-3 cm. With further laying, this difference can be eliminated.

2. Laying a brick base

The corners are set, all the measurements of the sides and diagonals coincide - it’s time to lay out the base. When laying the brick plinth we used. You can read more about this solution.

The width of the plinth depends on the material from which you plan to lay out the walls in the future. If the walls, like ours, are made of gas silicate sides (foam concrete) measuring 600 X 300 X 200, while the width of the masonry is 300 mm, and in the future you will insulate the house only with polystyrene foam followed by plastering, then the width of the plinth is one and a half bricks (380) as just the one you need. At the same time, do not forget that as a result of further insulation of the walls and finishing of the walls, the base should turn out to be sunken.

If, when laying walls from the same blocks, you plan to use brick for finishing after insulating the walls, then the base should be laid out two bricks wide (500).

In other words, to determine the width of the plinth, you first need to decide on the material of the walls and the material for further insulation and finishing of the walls and, if you consider it necessary, the plinth. Then make the necessary calculations.

How high should the base be? Even experienced builders sometimes disagree on this issue. It is believed that the height of the base should not be lower than the maximum height of snow cover for the region over the past fifty years. A base of such a minimum height will protect the walls from capillary moisture, thereby increasing the durability of your home.

As for the maximum height, everyone chooses for themselves. The height of the base of our house is 40cm.

If your house has a basement, then the height of the basement is usually 70-100cm. Houses with a high base look more elegant than houses with a low base or no base at all. Regardless of whether you have a basement or not, you should not forget that the height of the basement regulates the height of the floor of the first floor.

Now you know what you need to pay attention to when will he come It's time to decide on the height and width of the base for your future home.

3. Waterproofing the base

In order for the plinth to adequately fulfill one of its purposes - protecting the walls of the house from moisture, it is necessary to carefully waterproof the plinth. We used roofing felt folded in half as waterproofing. We talked about this in great detail in the article devoted to laying the first row of blocks in the section. Please note that the waterproofing layer should be below the level of the future floor, or vice versa: the future floor should be installed higher. What is the location of the waterproofing layer?

Today there are many materials that can be used to waterproof a basement. wide and varied, it all depends on the planned cost of construction. Because our goal is to build inexpensive house with our own hands, we were content with roofing felt, without losing at all in the quality of construction.

Subscribe to FREE BONUS “Eight practical techniques that must be used when laying block walls” wall masonry subject to compliance certain rules and knowledge of the secrets of masonry will not present any difficulties for you.

4. How to preserve a brick base if construction of a house is temporarily stopped?

If you are building a house over more than one construction period and due to lack of funds or the onset of cold weather you are forced to suspend construction at the readiness stage brick plinth, care must be taken to ensure its safety.

Basement is an outer wall rising above ground level, which is a kind of transition between the foundations and the facade of the house building. This upper part of the building can serve as walls for basements, semi-basements and basements.

The design and construction of the basement part of the building requires a thorough approach. A parameter such as height deserves special attention. A base that is too low will not be able to protect living spaces from moisture penetration. This negatively affects the integrity and service life of the building and makes living impossible.

The height of the base depends on the following parameters:

• type of base;
• house construction project;
• characteristic features of the soil;
• the intended purpose of the basement, if provided.

Construction regulations are also important and should not be ignored.

The costs of building the foundation and plinth make up the majority of the estimate. And if the project does not provide for a basement, some believe that the base can be made flush with the ground. This, of course, allows you to save money at the construction stage, but inevitably harms the building itself. The basement is an essential part of houses in the construction of which moisture-sensitive materials are used.

The main function of the basement part of the building is to protect the facade from contact with the ground. A barrier to soil water, rising through capillaries from the base, becomes waterproofing, which is laid directly between the walls of the facade and the base.

Along with isolating the structure from the effects of groundwater, the plinth is assigned the following functions:

• protection of the facade from pollution;
• protection of the casing from mechanical damage;
• compensation for shrinkage under the weight of the structure;
• insulation of basement floors from negative influences;
• ensuring complete ventilation and increasing thermal insulation qualities;

In addition, the basement part gives the house aesthetic appeal and a complete look.

In order for the basement part of the building to perform all the functions assigned to it, it must have sufficient height. Otherwise, moisture will penetrate into residential premises, and the façade of the building will remain unprotected from pollution and mechanical stress.

According to building codes and regulations (SNiP), this parameter should not be less than 20 cm. This is the minimum indicator. It is better not to save money and build a base with a height of 30 to 40 cm. Structures built from wood are more susceptible to moisture, so the distance above ground level for the lower part should be at least half a meter and reach up to 90 cm.

The parameter from 20 to 90 cm is the recommended plinth height for buildings in the design of which there is no basement. If a house is being built with a basement, it can reach 2 meters. Calculate a more accurate indicator required height allows accounting climatic conditions and average precipitation.

Doing this on your own is quite difficult, but possible. For this purpose, the average depth of snow cover over several years is calculated, and 10 cm is added to the resulting value. This data can be obtained by analyzing weather forecasts.

Main types of base

The construction of a high base leads to an increase in cost estimates. This is not a reason to save money. The main thing that outer wall, rising above ground level, was durable and had high performance properties.

The height indicator depends not only on the soil, foundation, project, but also on the position of the plinth relative to the facade wall. It can be made in one of the following options:

• Those who are sinking. The outer wall is located inside the façade. This option is suitable for buildings with fairly thick walls.
• To the speakers. The base plane is moved forward. This solution is the only one possible option for buildings with thin walls and ground floor.
• Flush. The basement part of the building smoothly transitions into the facade, that is, both the upper and lower parts are located in the same plane.

Each type has its own characteristics, influencing what the base will be like.

How does the type of base affect the height?

A protruding base is the most expensive option, but is necessary in cases where the project provides for a usable basement. The height in this case should be maximum. Otherwise, it is impossible to achieve good thermal insulation characteristics. There can be no savings in this case.

For buildings that do not have a basement or ground floor, it is most advisable to choose a sinking option. The facade overhanging wall becomes an ideal protection for the foundation of the house from mechanical damage and adverse atmospheric precipitation. The height of such a base is kept to a minimum. The higher it is, the lower the degree of protection.

Base height and foundation type

The basement part of the building on a low foundation (slab, strip, pile-strip) is made of bricks or blocks. The first option is less reliable. Blocks allow you to achieve a higher level of security.

Both plinth options require high-quality finishing to ensure protective functions. If groundwater lie close, arrange drainage, and if low - a blind area. The height of the plinth is made no less than the minimum recommended if there is no basement. Minimum indicator They take it solely to save money.

The pile foundation can be low, if the grillage is located directly at ground level, or raised. The most unstable is the columnar one, which requires mandatory compensation for soil heaving. For this purpose, the height is made at least 20 cm.

The gaps formed between pillars or piles are filled with bricks and covered with shields or asbestos-cement slabs. Due to the design features of the foundation itself, the base cannot be too high.

The height of the base when constructing buildings with a ground floor or basement

Buildings with usable basements are most widespread in private housing construction. The rationality of this solution is due to the possibility of using this part of the building both for economic needs, placing a laundry room, pantry, boiler room, cellar in the basement, and for expanding the living space, arranging a study, bedroom, gym, and so on.

Sometimes both of these purposes are combined. It all depends on the expected building area. The main thing is that this approach is more economical than adding an additional floor above ground level. The total height of the basement here is much greater than in buildings without a basement. According to SNiP, it is equal to at least 250 cm.

The amount by which the base will rise above ground level depends on the purpose of the basement. If it is intended to be used as a utility room, it is permissible to take the minimum limit. You cannot save money on the ground floor for living rooms, so a small margin must be added to the recommended height.

• Why does a house need a basement?
• Basement of a house with double-layer walls.
• Features of basement waterproofing.
• Elimination of cold bridges in the basement.

The basement is the above-ground part of the foundation. This is a rather complex knot, where the vertical (basement, walls) and horizontal (floors and ceilings) structures of the house converge and adjoin each other.

Correct design, waterproofing and insulation of the base - the necessary conditions for the construction of a durable, economical and heat-saving house.

The figure below clearly shows what will happen if the house has a very low base.

Plinth with a height of at least 20 cm. protects walls from moisture (in the picture on the left) Low base and the absence of a base leads to moisture in the wall of the house (in the picture in the center and on the right)

The height of the base of a private house must be at least 20 cm. With a low base, there is a high risk of moisture in the wall of the house. The walls will be moistened by splashes when raindrops hit the ground, when snowdrifts melt, or from capillary suction of moisture directly from the ground.

Damp walls lose their heat-saving properties. Water freezing in the walls gradually destroys them. Dirt, dampness, fungus and mold appear on the walls outside and inside the house.

In areas with high snow cover, it is better to make the height of the base no lower than the level of stable snow cover. This rule is especially important to follow for houses with wooden walls.

To protect the walls of the house from moisture coming from the ground, two lines of defense are created:

• They increase the height of the base in order to remove the walls of the house as far as possible from the ground, the source of moisture.
• They waterproof the walls of the house and the basement in the dangerous zone of exposure to moisture.

A high base increases the cost of building a house. Therefore, depending on the design of the walls and, they try to find a reasonable compromise between the size of the plinth and the level of waterproofing.

Be sure to arrange it between the base and the wall of the house.horizontal layer of roll waterproofing.

In some cases, which are discussed below, it is necessary to do additional waterproofing of the walls of the house.

For a private home it is recommended to make a recessed base. In a sinking plinth, the outer surface of the wall protrudes beyond the border of the plinth by about 50 mm. Water falling on the surface of the wall flows down and falls from the wall past the base onto the blind area. This solution prevents water flowing down the wall from reaching the horizontal waterproofing and flowing along it into the wall. For better water drainage A drip line is secured along the lower edge of the wall.

It should be noted that in addition to the moisture-proof function, the base plays a certain role in the architectural appearance of the house. A house on a high base looks more solid and impressive, and finishing the base can highlight the beauty of the floors of the house.

Correct basement of a house with single-layer external walls

The outer surface of single-layer walls is less protected from moisture than multilayer walls. Therefore, it is recommended that the base of a house with a height of at least 50 cm.

If the base of a single-layer wall is below 50 cm., That arrange additional waterproofing in two places:

1. In the wall, above the first or second layer of masonry made of aerated concrete or porous ceramic blocks, another layer of roll waterproofing is laid.
2. The outer surface of the wall, in the area of ​​the lower rows of masonry, is protected from water by a layer of vertical waterproofing. To do this, it is enough to use hydrophobic primers and waterproof plasters when finishing the wall. It is better, but more expensive, to line the base and lower part of the walls with a material with low water absorption, for example, clinker tiles.

Plinth design for a single-layer wall houses with basement or at home on foundation - slab Can

Dimensions of the basement of a house with two-layer external walls

Besides, thermal insulation of the base eliminates the cold bridge through the base and load-bearing part of the wall, bypassing the thermal insulation of the floor and wall.

If on site or weakly heaving, then the task of combating the forces of frost heaving is not worth it. In this case, it is only necessary to get rid of the cold bridge through the base and load-bearing part of the wall.

To eliminate the cold bridge in a house with single-layer walls without insulation of the base, it is necessary to raise the floor to the level of the second or third row of masonry blocks of the outer wall. This is sufficient, since the material of a single-layer wall has low thermal conductivity.

The load-bearing part of two- or three-layer walls is usually made of material with high thermal conductivity. To eliminate the cold bridge in two- or three-layer walls, you can cover it with insulation only top part base, by approximately 0.5 m. below floor level. This will increase the path length heat flow on the base.

If the basement space under the house is not heated, then the basement is covered with thermal insulation on both sides.

For multilayer walls, another way to combat the cold bridge is used. The lower rows of masonry of the load-bearing part of the wall are made of wall material with low thermal conductivity. The floor level is raised in the same way as for a single-layer wall.

For insulating the base and underground part of the foundation, extruded polystyrene foam slabs (penoplex, etc.) are best suited.

Convenient to insulate strip foundations. Design of pile foundations with bored (including TISE) or screw piles more suitable for a cold base. Insulation of such foundations is quite problematic and expensive.

The basement space of houses with pile foundations is usually not insulated. design basement floor and the floor of the first floor of the house on pile foundation are chosen taking into account this circumstance.

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In a private house it is a basement, which serves as the first floor. Others consider it a standard ground floor, which is located below ground level. In any case, its creation remains unchanged and requires compliance with certain rules.

Flaws

It is worth noting that the construction is characterized by higher costs compared to conventional ones, and in some cases more economical option There will be an expansion of the construction area.

The approximate cost becomes clear after carrying out geological and engineering surveys, establishing soil type, groundwater level. Sometimes it turns out later that the construction of such a building in this place is impossible.

Basement floors in private houses require the creation of drainage, high-quality waterproofing and insulation, so it will not be possible to get by with simply forming an extension of the foundation. Failure to comply with waterproofing rules or the use of low-quality materials increases the likelihood of flooding.

To carry out such work, builders must be highly qualified, since the negligent attitude towards work in this case is different more likely undesirable consequences.

Lighting and ventilation

Since the installation of full-fledged windows in the basement is most often impossible, the premises will have an insufficient location living rooms preferably on the ground floor. The most popular arrangement options are entertainment and sports premises: home cinemas, billiard rooms, swimming pools, saunas, gyms.

It is worth remembering that operation also involves large investments to maintain the space in the required condition. Forced ventilation the ground floor of a private house is especially relevant in gym and premises with high level humidity, and creation will be required for saunas and showers. The pool located below ground level is also difficult to arrange.

When you can't do without a plinth

It is most often necessary when there is insufficient floor space above ground and it is impossible to accommodate all the planned premises.

In some cases, the size of the construction site contributes to the creation of a plinth. It may be small or have narrow shape, while the owner has the funds to erect a large building, and the space on the upper floors is no longer enough.

The arrangement is also common when there is a site characterized by the presence of a slope with a noticeable difference in height. In this case, the relief becomes the accent of everything landscape design and allows you to build a very original building.

Ground floor in a private house, the photo of which is presented above, gives respectability to the entire building and can accommodate various rooms, basement or utility areas. It is also worth noting that such a building has higher thermal insulation properties. With proper arrangement, you can reduce costs and speed up their payback. Thanks to it, you don’t have to worry about the loads that fall on the foundation, and the house itself becomes more reliable. in accordance with established rules, must be within 2.5 meters.

Varieties

There are three main types:

• recessed ground floor in a private house;
• speaker;
• located flush with the base.

The first option has become most widespread. This is facilitated by less exposure to moisture compared to other types. Also in this case, humidity does not have such a detrimental effect on other parts of the building, since the water quickly drains from the base.

The protruding type is optimal for houses with thin wall structures. This way you can arrange rooms that will be located almost underground. Sometimes it acts as a place to store seasonal and rarely used items.

Arranging the basement floor of a private house on the same level as the foundation is not always rational, since it will have insufficient protection from moisture and at the same time act as the beginning of the wall. Requires the use of additional waterproofing materials, which entails unnecessary costs. It is also worth noting the impossibility of improvement appearance building.

Materials

Due to the fact that the base is a continuation of the foundation, it is built from a material similar to that used to create the base. Sometimes it is possible to choose the materials from which the wall structures are made. Most often used ready-made blocks, brick and monolithic concrete. Regardless of the choice made, proper calculation is required. Special attention should be given to determining the thickness of the walls.

Screed and concrete slabs act as the floor. The base can be formed from ready-made reinforced concrete slabs. Often used for cladding work wood material. If the basement floor in a private house rises significantly above the ground, it is possible to create full-fledged windows and doors in its upper part, and it is desirable that they face the south, west or east. Arranging openings on the north side is undesirable, as this can lead to deformation of the frames due to accumulation large quantity snow.

Ladder

It is advisable to start with the stairs to the ground floor in a private house, since it is an integral and important element premises. Three types have become most widespread staircase structures, providing a comfortable descent. Arrangement of the classic marching version is possible if there is sufficient space. If the design of the floor and its dimensions do not allow creating such a comfortable descent, a bolt or screw type is suitable.

Waterproofing

Separately, it should be noted waterproofing works. The underground structure must be coated on both sides with materials that protect against moisture. This will increase their reliability. Waterproofing elements located above the ground does not require mandatory internal waterproofing.

The ground floor in a private house, which is based on a solid concrete slab, has undoubted advantages:

• it is possible to arrange premises for any purpose;
• the structure is characterized by sufficient protection from negative external influences, for example, humidity;
• requires relatively little time for construction;
• outstanding structural strength.

High-quality waterproofing is the main point during construction. If this rule is not followed, the floor slab will have poor adhesion to the wall elements of the base. As stated earlier, the height of the base should be within 2.5 meters. For its construction, a pit with the required depth is dug.

Design work

First of all, when arranging it is necessary to install required thickness walls Here you need to build on the type of soil on the site and the location of the building. If the soil is sufficiently reliable, it is possible to create walls with a thickness similar to those of walls in other parts of the house. Otherwise, it is recommended to increase the thickness by 20-30 cm. When using wood to construct a building, the basement floor in a private house can be made from concrete blocks with your own hands.

An important step is drawing up a project, which must take into account the location of groundwater. This is due to the fact that the depth of the pit should not reach the water level. The soil is first surveyed to determine the possible depth.