World Whale Day. World Marine Mammal Day (Whale Day) International Marine Mammal Day
Worldwide February 19 noted World Marine Mammal Day or Whale Day(World Whale and Dolphin Day). Moreover, this environmental date is considered a day of protection not only for whales, but also for all marine mammals and various other living creatures living in the seas and oceans of our planet. This Day was established in 1986, when the moratorium on whaling introduced by the International Whale Commission (IWC) came into force.
This moratorium is still in effect today and means that whale hunting, as well as the trade in whale meat, is prohibited worldwide. Currently, whaling is permitted exclusively to meet the needs of the indigenous population (the so-called aboriginal) and the removal of whales for scientific purposes is subject to special permits from IWC member governments.
First of all, Whale Day- is to attract the attention of the public, government officials and all humanity to the protection of this unique species of animals and, in general, all marine mammals, of which only 119 species have survived to date on our planet. The intensive and merciless extermination of marine mammals and, in particular, whales, which has been going on for more than 200 years, has a detrimental effect on their numbers - many representatives of this order are on the verge of extinction.
But they are the most sensitive indicators of the state of the planet’s marine systems and an important link in the food chains of the World Ocean; they create the stability of the biological cycle of substances in the ecological system. Therefore, the reduction in the number of whales and other marine animals leads to a disruption of the biological balance in marine ecosystems. After all, every extinct species is an irreparable loss - everything that disappears in the animal world disappears forever.
Despite the fact that the moratorium on whaling is still in effect and whale hunting is prohibited by the laws of most countries, the destruction of these animals does not stop. In addition, man, through his activities, which, unfortunately, are not always reasonable, has long been negatively influencing nature, changing it. For example, great losses to marine mammals are caused by fishing gear, as well as pollution of the oceans by oil products due to the expansion of the geography of oil production on the sea shelf.
This state of affairs does not suit defenders of marine mammals and all people who care about the future of our planet. To preserve marine life, public attention is drawn to this problem. In many countries there are clubs and societies for lovers of these animals, and marine reserves are being created where their lives are not in danger. And on this day itself, every year, various environmental groups, environmental organizations and the public hold all sorts of actions to protect whales and other marine mammals and various information events, or devote this day to the protection of one unique species that is in mortal danger.
In Russia, the Day for the Protection of Marine Mammals has been celebrated since 2002 and is of particular importance, since the seas of our country are home to several dozen species of whales, dolphins, fur seals and seals, many of which are endangered and are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the International Union nature conservation.
For information
The seas and oceans of the Earth were developed by marine mammals long before the appearance of humans. Findings by paleontologists confirm the existence of whales and seals 26 million years ago. Cetaceans (Cetacea) are an order of aquatic mammals that include whales, dolphins and porpoises. Whales breathe air using their lungs, are warm-blooded, and feed their young with milk. The blue whale is the largest creature on Earth, sometimes weighing up to 200 tons. Whales gave a lot to people: whalebone and spermaceti, whale oil and bone meal. And recently, doctors have become seriously interested in studying whales. The whale is a wonderful symbol of life at sea, large and powerful, but at the same time very defenseless. And it’s important to remember this...
POEMS ABOUT CHINA
Sleeping on the waves rocking
A very nice blue whale.
It's huge in size
The bravest in the ocean.
He drinks water, eats plankton,
That's why he is strong.
A whale lives in the ocean
The width of a steamship.
It's like a huge island.
And the whale feels cold to the touch!
Meet the blue whale -
Just a beastly appetite!
At lunch, believe it or not
The largest animal in the world
Very tasty plankton
Can eat four tons!
From such appetites
immodest
The whale is the same size
OG-ROM-NYH!
Abandoned, forgotten,
A whale swam in the ocean
And, thinking seriously,
Shed fountains of tears.
To be as big as a whale
You need a good appetite.
A whale weighs tens of tons!
I really like him.
Have you seen a skinny whale?
So that your belly doesn't stick out,
To be skin and bones?
Stop looking for the bad!
It's easy for a whale to become powerful -
He drinks mo-lo-kooo from the cradle!
Even though I weigh tens of tons,
But I only eat tiny plankton
He is soup, roast and compote
On my menu for which year.
POEMS ABOUT DOLPHINS
Dolphins swim in the sea,
Backs flash among the waves.
They were just here
They played and sailed away.
I am a dolphin, I live at sea.
I never argue with anyone.
I'm just flying on the waves,
With whom I want and how I want!
Dolphins can cry. With all my skin
At once dissolving melancholy in the element of water.
And they smile with their whole bodies too
Curvy, open and free.
frolicking in the waves of sadness or happiness,
They sail the course they need.
But people only partly and infrequently
They are able to accept the cry of other people's outlets.
I think the dolphins are sad too
That their feelings are incomprehensible to people.
The Japanese name for Japan, Nihon (日本), consists of two parts - ni (日) and hon (本), both of which are Sinicisms. The first word (日) in modern Chinese is pronounced rì and, as in Japanese, means “sun” (represented in writing by its ideogram). The second word (本) in modern Chinese is pronounced bӗn. Its original meaning is "root", and the ideogram representing it is the ideogram of the tree mù (木) with a dash added at the bottom to indicate the root. From the meaning of “root” the meaning of “origin” developed, and it was in this sense that it entered the name of Japan Nihon (日本) – “origin of the sun” > “land of the rising sun” (modern Chinese rì bӗn). In ancient Chinese, the word bӗn (本) also had the meaning of “scroll, book.” In modern Chinese it is replaced in this sense by the word shū (書), but remains in it as a counting word for books. The Chinese word bӗn (本) was borrowed into Japanese both in the sense of "root, origin" and "scroll, book", and in the form hon (本) means book in modern Japanese. The same Chinese word bӗn (本) meaning “scroll, book” was also borrowed into the ancient Turkic language, where, after adding the Turkic suffix -ig, it acquired the form *küjnig. The Türks brought this word to Europe, where it from the language of the Danube Turkic-speaking Bulgars in the form knig entered the language of the Slavic-speaking Bulgarians and, through Church Slavonic, spread to other Slavic languages, including Russian.
Thus, the Russian word book and the Japanese word hon "book" have a common root of Chinese origin, and the same root is included as a second component in the Japanese name for Japan Nihon.
I hope everything is clear?)))
Which is also considered a day to protect all marine mammals. The holiday has been celebrated since 1986, when the International Whaling Commission (IWC) introduced a ban on whaling.
The seas and oceans of the Earth were developed by marine mammals long before the appearance of humans. The history of cetaceans begins in the Eocene epoch, 55 million years ago.
Cetaceans (Cetacea) are an order of aquatic mammals that include whales, dolphins and porpoises. Whales breathe air using their lungs, are warm-blooded and
The blue whale is the largest creature on Earth, its weight can reach 150-200 tons. The whale is a wonderful symbol of life at sea, large and powerful, but at the same time quite defenseless.
International cooperation in the field of whaling regulation began in 1931. A number of agreements were adopted. The most important was the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), adopted in 1946. As part of the convention, on December 2, 1946, the International Whaling Commission was established in Washington to develop recommendations for member countries through the activities of a special scientific committee.
Despite the activities of the IWC, the killing of whales reached a huge scale in the 60s of the twentieth century. They were exterminated for the sake of obtaining whale meat, whale ambergris, and whale oil.
In 1972, the United States passed the Marine Mammal Protection Act, which banned the capture and import of marine mammals and products made from them. That same year, the UN Environment Conference proposed a ten-year moratorium on whale hunting. This initiative was not initially supported by the IWC, but pressure from the public and environmental organizations eventually had an effect. On July 23, 1982, IWC members voted to adopt a moratorium on all commercial whaling beginning with the 1985–1986 season. As a result of the majority of IWC member countries standing up to protect the remaining whales in the 1980s and 1990s, countries wishing to continue whaling in the North Atlantic, i.e. Norway, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland and Canada, created their own a similar organization is the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission.
Japan, although it joined the convention, demanded quotas for scientific fishing, which still causes a lot of controversy. Opponents of the program argue that its true purpose is to obtain whale meat for Japanese restaurants and supermarkets. In 1994, the IWC reported the results of studies of whale meat and oil sold in Japanese markets in 1993. The study showed that 10-25% of the samples belonged to baleen whale species, the fishing of which was prohibited by the IWC.
In Russia, the whaling commission granted relief for the sake of the natives of Chukotka, for whom whale meat remains an important component of the diet.
Currently, only indigenous whaling is permitted solely to meet the needs of the indigenous population, as well as the taking of whales for scientific purposes under special permits from IWC member governments.
The ICC includes 89 countries, including Russia.
The main task of the IWC is to monitor and, if necessary, adjust the measures outlined in the annex to the Convention and regulating whaling in the world.
Among other things, these measures are aimed at completely banning the hunting of certain cetacean species; designation of certain areas of the world's oceans as "whale sanctuaries"; establishing quotas for the production of cetaceans; setting limits on the size of whales harvested; opening and closing of whaling seasons and areas; prohibition of the harvest of calves feeding on mother's milk, and of female whales with calves.
Despite the fact that whale hunting is prohibited by the laws of many countries, the destruction of these animals does not stop. In addition, man, through his activities, has long been negatively influencing nature, changing it. For example, large losses to marine mammals are caused by fishing gear, as well as pollution of the oceans by oil products due to the expansion of the geography of oil production on the sea shelf.
This state of affairs does not suit the defenders of marine mammals and all people who are concerned about the future of the planet. To preserve marine life, public attention is drawn to this problem. In many countries there are clubs and societies for lovers of these animals, and marine reserves are being created where their lives are not in danger. And on February 19, various environmental groups, environmental organizations and the public hold all kinds of actions to protect whales and other marine mammals, and information events. Often, environmentalists unite and devote this day to protecting one unique species that is in danger of extinction.
In Russia, February 19 has been celebrated since 2002 and is of particular significance, since the seas of our country are home to several dozen species of whales, dolphins, and seals, many of which are endangered.
To preserve the Okhotsk-Korean population of gray whales, the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources created an Interdepartmental Working Group in 2009, which carries out continuous monitoring of the population and control over compliance with environmental standards during the development and production of oil and gas on the Sakhalin shelf in the habitats of the animals. One of the tasks of the Working Group is to implement a satellite tagging program for the Okhotsk-Korean gray whale to study its migration routes. The Ministry has agreed on a multi-year program of scientific research on the population.
The material was prepared based on information from open sources
Environmentalists and human rights activists are drawing global attention to the important issue of extinction of ocean and marine mammals through World Whale and Dolphin Day. The date coincides with the events of 1982, when the International Whaling Commission introduced a ban on industrial production, officially in force since the 1985-1986 season.
Starting in the 30s, special control was introduced and even a commission was formed in 1946, but this did not help save some species from extinction. Initially, it was planned to limit commercial production for 10 years, but further developments showed that such measures cannot help: the ban is still indefinite. The only exception is made for some indigenous peoples inhabiting the coastal regions of Russia, Canada, and Oceania, where this type of meat is the main diet, formed over centuries, and there are no plans to increase catching more than historically.
As it turned out, a person does not have to eat whales in order to exterminate them: the natural habitat has changed greatly with the development of shipping and tourism. It is not only poachers, as was thought back in the 50s, who destroy populations. Climate change and the negative impact of oil production, which has been actively progressing in recent decades, pose a serious threat.
And although the first whalers appeared before our era, mass extermination took on commercial proportions by the beginning of the 18th century: for the sake of many exclusive things (whalebone, blubber). But whales began to be viewed as a gigantic source of food by the 20th century. The rapid development of shipbuilding, the improvement of tools for capturing and killing, in contrast to the harpoons and boats of ancient whalers, gave its sad result.
Due to such a huge number of problems, humanity almost lost gray whales, namely the Okhotsk-Korean population. In 1974, their extinction was even announced, but a few years later it was established that all was not lost. Some herds, and whales live in large families, arrive on the shores of Sakhalin in the summer. Russia contributes to the conservation of species by passing laws, monitoring, and financing projects, because the count is in the tens of heads, and just a couple of hundred years ago the number was tens of thousands.
But Japan took a different, almost poaching path. Under the pretext of scientific research, this country set a catching quota for itself, but left control over execution in its own hands. Japanese actions cause certain controversy and indignation. Whale meat is considered a delicacy, with independent international inspections often finding it in high-end restaurants rather than research centers.
There is the only huge floating whaling base in the world, which, according to human rights activists, disguises its production under the auspices of scientific research. There are versions that Japan is not limited to the seasonal official quota, for example, 300 animals, catching much more. Even international UN courts are unable to influence the problem. The cruel hunt does not stop at whales - driven hunts for dolphins are carried out every year, killing hundreds of them. And of course, justification by long-standing ancient Japanese traditions is unacceptable in the face of such brutal destruction, which, by the way, was documented.
Scientists and environmental specialists consider it their duty on July 23 to gather as many as possible (which is about 88 countries of the world) and discuss a general strategy, focusing on species close to total destruction. World Day does not limit the protection of only the largest mammals on the planet: cetaceans include dolphins and some other species.
Activists of the environmental movement try to involve the maximum number of people on a special date, holding various events. You can not just love animals, but through your social behavior you can support the ideas of full protection and the most natural habitat possible. For example, the problem of dolphins is raised annually through various demonstrations and flash mobs. Such targeted actions work quite effectively: in recent years, more than 60 dolphinariums have been closed.
In Russia, activists hold no less impressive thematic presentations dedicated to rescuing smart animals from a chlorinated prison, because the life expectancy in freedom is 25-40 years, and in the terrible conditions of dolphinariums and swimming pools - only 6. This is how to ruin the lives of dolphins, depriving them of freedom and sea space , for the sake of entertaining people for money, is simply inhumane.
Dolphins are very affectionate, they are able to get to know a person in natural conditions. The inability to watch it live is fully compensated, according to human rights activists, by good documentaries. They are offered for viewing on a special day by local libraries and public foundations. The future of the planet will not be decided in the best way if you take a passive position: on July 23 there is a good reason to make life better.
February 19 is World Whale Day, which is also considered a day to protect all other marine mammals. World Whale Day has been celebrated since 1986, when the International Whaling Commission (IWC) introduced a ban on whaling. Currently, only whaling is permitted solely to meet the needs of the indigenous population, as well as the removal of whales for scientific purposes with special permits from governments that are members of the IWC.
“WE SHOULD TREAT ANIMALS DIFFERENTLY - WITH GREATER UNDERSTANDING, AND MAYBE WITH REVERENCE. MAN HAS LOST CONTACT WITH NATURE AND BUILT HIS LIFE ON CLIMBING AND INVENTION. WE TREAT ANIMALS HIGHLY, BELIEVING THAT THEIR FATE IS WORTHY TO REGRET: COMPARED TO US, THEY ARE VERY IMPERFECT. BUT WE ARE MISTAKED!” “Animals are not our smaller brothers and not poor relatives, they are other peoples who, together with us, have fallen into the network of life, into the network of time; just like us, prisoners of earthly splendor and earthly suffering.” Henry Beston
The most, the most... the heaviest; make the loudest sound; whales have the largest brain (up to 8 kg); they can go without food for 2/3 of the year; they can stay awake for up to 3 months; whales can stay underwater for up to 40 minutes; whales are herd animals; it is the only mammal that sings;
Whales have the largest brains. Whales can go without sleeping for three months, without eating for eight months, without breathing for up to two hours, and at the same time cover gigantic distances of up to several thousand kilometers. Whales constantly listen because they have no sense of smell and poor vision.
Humpback whale Humpback whales sometimes swim up to ships and play around them. Therefore, in most photographs these whales appear very playful. The humpback whale is a slow-moving whale, its speed does not exceed km/h. Therefore, the natural enemies of humpback whales are killer whales and great white sharks. They are especially dangerous for cubs, since they are still completely defenseless, as well as for weak and sick individuals.
Blue whale This is the largest creature that has ever lived on earth! Its weight sometimes reaches 200 tons, and its length is 33 meters. This is truly a huge animal, just a giant. The speed of the blue whale is 9-13 km/h. If the whale is frightened or runs away, it develops a speed of 25 km/h and releases small fountains every 30 seconds.
During the day, the blue whale eats about 1 ton of krill - small crustaceans. This is approximately 1 million calories, which means that one whale needs as much food per day as 830 schoolchildren! Swimming through a krill colony, whales swallow colossal masses of these crustaceans along with hundreds of tons of water. The krill are then filtered using their tongue, which acts as a piston to force water through huge sieve-like structures (baleen) hanging from the sky. The thickness of the blue whale's tongue exceeds 3 m, and the weight of the tongue is more than the weight of an elephant!
Prefers open seas, lives alone or in pairs. Gives up to 5 fountains at a time. Dives for periods ranging from half a minute to 12 minutes. Grazing sei whales move slowly, about 5 km/h, but frightened whales reach speeds of up to 50 km/h. The food of sei whales is varied: crustaceans, fish (saury, sardine, smelt, gerbil), squid, octopus, cuttlefish. The high speed of movement allows sei whales to avoid attacks by killer whales.
Gray whale habitats are located along the coast in shallow water areas. They feed at depths of 5-50 m on organisms living on the ground and in the ground. The gray whale scoops them up along with the muddy masses and filters them through a very rough and hard straining apparatus. After gray whales feed, numerous feeding holes 2.5 m long, 1.5 m wide and 10 cm deep remain on the bottom. One gray whale leaves up to 6 holes on the bottom during one dive.
The narwhal is called a unicorn for one unique feature. The fact is that male narwhals have a very long, up to three meters in length, straight, thin “horn” sticking out of their heads. In fact, this is not a horn, but a tooth, just greatly enlarged. It grows on the left side of the jaw and, surprisingly, is twisted, and always counterclockwise. Narwhals with two “horns” are very rare.
Cetacean Human Use The waxy substance in whale heads has been used to make cosmetics, candles, perfumes, and ointments; margarine, lubricants, glycerin, soap, and washing powder were made from subcutaneous lard; springs for sofas, brushes, and fans were made from whalebone; manufactured medications (for example, insulin); as well as printing ink, gelatin, glue and much more; meat as a food product;
Whales do not cry when they die, but die in silence, silently dispersing the waves, and going to the depths. They are as powerful as icebergs. They are as big as mountains. More menacing than any gray cloud, But it’s like children and old people They are helpless and pitiful. Having blocked the children with their backs, They will take a harpoon and sticks, They will destroy the ancient reef. Protecting their babies, Whales replace fear with anger... Whales do not cry when dying, Whales are submissive to silence. Nadezhda Pinchuk
Materials used: 1. Victor Sheffer. "Year of the Whale". 2. Christopher Ash. "Eye of the Whale". 3.D.G. Lilly. "Cetaceans." 4.N.A.Mackintosh. "Whale Stocks". 5.F.S.Fraser. "Whales and whaling." 6.D.Sliyper. "Whales". 7. _kita 8. zashhity-kitov.htmlhttp://zashhity-kitov.html
