Large diameter sewer pipes. PVC sewer pipe

Pipes made of plastics such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) are an alternative replacement for pipelines made of metal or concrete, that is, they are intended for laying main water supply, sewer and drainage systems. In addition, they can serve as protective boxes when laying cable lines for various purposes (fiber optic, telephone, etc.).

Plastic pipes. Advantages and disadvantages

Main advantages of use plastic pipes in comparison with metal and concrete (ceramic) pipes:

• Smooth and smooth inner surface of the pipe, which significantly reduces the coefficient of friction, thereby increasing their conductivity;
• Resistance to corrosive damage;
• Resistance to aggressive environments of a chemical or biological nature;
• Extended service life without special care measures. Up to 50 years - plastics and up to 20-25 years of operation - pipes made of other materials;
• Environmental Safety;

• Low specific gravity;
• Low cost;
• Simplicity and ease of installation work without the need for special machinery and equipment (installation is carried out using a special thermal soldering iron and mechanical scissors).

We will focus our article on the so-called red pipes - PVC pipes intended for the construction of sewers, with a diameter of 110 millimeters. Separately, we note that all plastic products undergo mandatory state standardization and have appropriate certificates depending on the direction of their application.

Pipe for sewer system

Pipes for laying sewer drains have different colors(gray, black, various shades of both), but the red sewer plastic pipe 110 (160, 200, 250) mm is especially popular for home (private) communications. This is due to the fact that these products can withstand low temperatures and high pressure soil when laying them underground.

Technical description of a sewer pipe with a diameter of 110 millimeters

The technical characteristics of a 110 mm plastic sewer pipe have the following main definitions according to GOST:

• Pipe outer diameter size;
• Nominal wall thickness;
• Minimum pressure withstand in bar at different diameters and wall thickness.

Standard sizes of 110 mm pipes for sewerage according to manufacturing materials and GOST

One size fits all sewer pipes of plastics is their length. It has the following gradations: sewer plastic pipe 110 mm long 50, 100, 200 and so on up to 600 centimeters.

Maximum possible length for of this type products is 12 meters.

The diameter and wall thickness of the pipe are indicated by the manufacturer in the markings on the outer surface of the pipe and depend on the material used for its manufacture. The weight of the product depends on these parameters, taking into account the length. The diameter of plastic sewer pipes starts from 25 millimeters and, depending on the material and type of pipe (smooth, corrugated), can reach:

• for smooth pipes - 630 millimeters;
• for profiled (two-layer) – 1200 mm.

The most popular in private construction of sewerage systems are pipes with a diameter of 110-160 mm.

Calculation of the buoyancy of plastic pipes for sewer systems (110 mm)

This is not the first time we have encountered absurd questions from our users. And today the leading question is: “How to calculate the buoyancy of 110 mm plastic pipes?”

The question seems absurd for the reason that the calculation of buoyancy is carried out for pipes intended for the construction of various water structures, such as pontoon crossings, landing stages, floating breakwaters and similar structures. In this case, the minimum applicable pipe diameter starts from 300 millimeters, depending on the purpose of the construction project. Moreover, there is no need to carry out this calculation for a 110 mm plastic sewer pipe due to its size and technical structure. Simply put, a bell-shaped expansion at one of its ends.

Possible (and applicable) calculations of sewer pipes relate to their capacity of conducting liquids and determining the laying angle when laying free-flow sewer lines. In such cases, the following is taken into account:

• Length of the pipeline section;
• Internal and external diameter of the product;
• The thickness of its pressure walls;
• Conditions for the passage of waste liquids (fecal matter).

For calculations of this type, there are special hydraulic and mechanical tables based on GOST standards.

Example. Calculation tables for apartment building.
When using plastic pipes, the internal diameter of the pipeline is taken into account.

Cuffs for sewer pipes with a diameter of 110 millimeters or more

Plumbing rubber cuffs are designed for tightly connecting individual sewer lines and connections extending from them ( washing machine, shower cabin, toilet and so on). The following types of lip seals are distinguished:

• rod cuff;
• piston cuff;
• universal cuff.

Various rubber compounds (silicon, rubber, etc.) with the addition of polyurethane are used as manufacturing materials for these products. These compositions differ high quality its density, strength, while remaining elastic.

Can be used indoors or outdoors (installations). The dimensions of the cuffs correspond to the inner or outer diameter of the sewer pipe, depending on the type of installation of the cuff. Like the main products (pipes), they have a state certificate and standards (GOST).

Systems household use for the supply of water, heat and sewage disposal, in most cases they are mounted on the basis of plastic pipes. Polypropylene pipes are considered the most common and universal. For correct installation pipeline and its operation, you need to know what diameter plastic pipes are and what they are intended for.

Purpose and characteristics of plastic pipes

To designate polypropylene pipe products in the international format, two letters are used - PP. This material is produced chemical industry, thermoplastic polymers are used for its manufacture.

The specified pipe products are produced according to a certain standard, which regulates the sizes of plastic pipes and their characteristics.

As an example, here are some data and their corresponding standards:

• The density of the material according to GOST 15139 is 0.9 g/cm 3 .
• The melting point, determined by GOST 21553, reaches 149 0 C.
• The elongation of the material upon reaching the yield strength in accordance with GOST 11262 is about 50%.
• Tensile strength is regulated by GOST 11262, and can have a value of 34-35 N/mm 2.
• The linear expansion coefficient according to GOST 15173 is 0.15 mm/m 0 C.

Pipe diameter

Most important characteristic is the diameter of plastic pipes. The following types of this parameter are distinguished:

• Outer diameter section.
• Internal diametrical section.

Internal and external section of polypropylene pipe

Communication systems for water supply, heating and internal sewerage are laid using small-diameter plastic pipes. Wherein minimum value can be 16 mm, and the maximum is 50 mm.

Tubular products with large diameter are used in the construction of highways supplying drinking water and diverting sewage in the housing and communal services sector.

Types of polypropylene pipes depending on the scope of use

Polypropylene pipes are produced in only three names: PN10, PN20, PN25. However, they are enough to completely replace technologically outdated metal analogues.

Despite the thinness of the PN10 pipe, its service life is about half a century. The main application is cold water supply and heating systems, including underfloor heating systems (read: " "). Small-diameter PVC pipes can also be used in the construction of storm and sewerage systems. The external diameter ranges from 20 to 110 millimeters, the internal diameter ranges from 16 to 90 millimeters.

A pipe marked PN20 can function flawlessly for 25 years. Due to the larger wall thickness, about 18.4 mm, the product can have external parameters similar to PN10, but at the same time have a smaller internal diameter. This makes it possible to use these tubular products in systems with internal operating pressure up to 2 MPa. PN20 pipes are quite suitable for installing full-fledged heating systems. This became possible due to the resistance of the products to high temperatures, up to 90 0 C. For comparison, we can say that a PN10 pipe can function normally at a temperature of no more than 45 0 C.

In the manufacture of PN25 pipes, additional reinforcement of the products with aluminum film or fiberglass is used. The operating period largely depends on the pressure and temperature of the working environment.

The following indicators are considered the main characteristics of pipe products of this type:

• Carrier pressure no more than 2.5 MPa.
• The outer diameter ranges from 21 to 80 millimeters.
• The internal cross-section ranges from 13 to 50 millimeters.
• Wall thickness can vary from 4 to 13.4 millimeters.

The price of a plastic pipe is determined by the listed characteristics.

Pros and cons of polyethylene pipes

WITH positive side New generation pipes are characterized by the following properties:

• Compliance with environmental regulations.
• Long service life, about half a century.
• Resistance to freezing of the working environment and its further thawing. This property is explained by the ability polypropylene pipes expand and return to its original shape without deforming the shell.
• Fast and convenient assembly of the communication system.
• Resistance to aggressive chemicals.
• Resistance to the occurrence of corrosive processes, as well as to the formation of blockages (subject to the pipe laying rules).
• Low price.

The disadvantage of pipes can be called negative attitude to sudden temperature changes. In addition, such products are not recommended for use in premises with a high degree of fire hazard.

The diameter or cross-section of a plastic pipe for laying water supply, heating and sewerage systems has great importance. This parameter indicates the pipeline capacity that provides the most efficient operation.

Sewer pipes, like any equipment, require replacement over time. Now old cast iron pipes are increasingly changing to modern products PVC (polyvinyl chloride), which has many advantages over metal.

Polyvinyl chloride is modern material, which has proven itself well in the pipe and fittings market.

Typically, PVC pipes are used for laying sewers (both internal and external), in pressure systems and wells, drainage structures and gravity drainage.

PVC products differ:

• anti-corrosion properties;
• immunity to damage by microorganisms;
• smoothness inner surface, which prevents sedimentation and sediment build-up;
• dielectric properties (polyvinyl chloride does not conduct electricity);
• environmental safety, absence of harmful emissions;
• inertness (PVC pipes do not come into chemical contact with the transported medium);
• resistance to temperature changes;
• resistance to barometric loads;
• long service life;
• ease of installation;
• light weight of products;
• a large assortment of pipes for various purposes and shaped products;
• attractive cost, which is significantly lower than the price of metal ones.

Passing inside PVC premises pipes in most cases do not need insulation. If such a need arises (for example, when installing underground communications or installing under open air), it is rational to additionally insulate and insulate the pipeline.

Types of PVC sewer pipes and adapters

Depending on which section of the highway the product will be used, there are:

1. Lightweight pipes SN-2 are used in areas with the least load: when laying domestic sewerage indoors, as well as in residential areas where there is no traffic load.
2. Denser SN-4 pipes are used for laying sewers under roads with moderate traffic.
3. Industrial pipes SN-8 are intended for use in neighborhood and city sewerage mains, in production, as well as in areas with intense traffic load.

Plastic sewer pipes in many areas of human activity have today almost completely replaced traditional metal pipes. The first is based on:

• polyethylene;
• polyvinyl chloride;
• polypropylene;
• polybutylene.

The most popular for arranging modern sewer systems are PVC pipes, because they are resistant to aggressive substances found in household and industrial wastewater. Those elements that are in the ground can also have a negative impact.

Why use plastic

If we're talking about As for high-quality plastic pipes for laying sewers, they have a perfectly smooth surface, so clogging during operation is extremely rare. During installation, there is no need to use any special tool; a hacksaw for metal will be sufficient for cutting, and its small teeth practically do not form burrs.

Key Features

Sewer plastic pipes are made from complex polymer compounds that are obtained during use latest technologies. This guarantees durability and reliability. If you want to choose especially durable products, then you should prefer metal-polymer sewer pipes.

Plastic pipes are quite easy to install; their installation requires less labor, this applies not only to the inside of the house. Such products are distinguished by excellent throughput, they are easy to bend at a certain angle. You can lay the pipes yourself. They have many advantages, including:

• reasonable cost;
• no need for cathodic protection;
• low thermal conductivity;
• reliable protection against the spread of viruses and bacteria;
• durability;
• resistance to chemical influences, corrosion and external aggressive environments;
• light weight.

Sewage plastic pipes are ready to last more than 50 years. They do not require constant maintenance.

Size information

The products described may have a variety of sizes. If we are talking about an impressive diameter, then it is designed for increased load, so such pipes are installed to service buildings of social facilities, cottages and apartment buildings. For example, a diameter of 200 mm is suitable for a hospital, hotel or sauna.

If the diameter is increased to 300 mm, then such a pipe will be suitable for the operation of industrial facilities. IN individual construction small diameter products are required. A 150 mm riser will not be fully used, even if there are several bathrooms in the house. Square pipes can be used to solve problems of irrigation of household plots. To organize drains from individual appliances such as washbasins, showers and baths, you can use 75 mm pipes.

To ensure the toilet works, it is necessary to use a 100 or 110 mm pipe. When choosing sizes, it is also important to take into account the wall thickness, which will depend on the diameter of the pipe. If the cross-section is 160 mm, then the wall thickness will be 3.9 mm. In this case, a parameter of 110 mm will indicate that the wall thickness is 3 mm.

The weight of the pipe also depends on the diameter. For example, a 160 mm pipe weighs 2 kg, while a 110 mm pipe will weigh 1 kg. Sewage plastic pipes also have a certain length. According to state standards, manufacturers produce separate sections from 1 to 6 m, the step will be 1 m.

Specifications

A plastic sewer pipe, the characteristics of which you should know before purchasing this product, has high mechanical strength. This is due to three-layer manufacturing technology and external corrugation. That is why these elements can be installed to a depth of up to 8 m. The pipes are resistant to aggressive environments. This especially applies to PVC-U materials, because they are used for transporting gases and chemical liquids.

The internal pressure will depend on the wall thickness and design, the maximum value can be up to 16 bar, while the minimum is 6 bar. The main disadvantage of these pipes is temperature limitation. The maximum temperature is 65 °C, while the minimum is -10 °C.

Some models allow short-term exposure to temperatures up to +90 °C. Specific gravity may vary depending on wall thickness and diameter, but on average it is 2 kg per linear meter. At rupture, the maximum tensile strength is 50 MPa.

Characteristics of plastic sewer pipes for indoor installation

The sizes of plastic sewer pipes have been mentioned above. But this parameter cannot be called the only one that you should be interested in when purchasing these products. For example, it is also important to pay attention to the color, which indicates the purpose.

A gray tint indicates that there is a pipe in front of you. internal sewerage. It has smooth walls and is connected by a socket. The most popular sizes are: 32, 40, 50 and 110 mm. The length can vary from 315 to 3000 mm. Taking into account the rigidity conditions, the wall thickness should be selected. However, for gravity systems this parameter cannot be less than 1.8 mm.

Characteristics of pipes for external sewerage

External plastic sewer pipes are usually yellow or orange colors. They are used for outdoor installation and are used under more severe conditions. This determines that they have their own list of wall thicknesses for each diameter. For example, for a 200 mm diameter the wall thickness will be 3.9 mm. This applies to pipes for light conditions; they are laid to a depth of up to 4 meters.

With the above diameter, the wall thickness will be 4.9 mm if the pipes are operated under average conditions of rigidity and are buried 6 meters. The wall thickness will be increased to 5.9 mm if the burial depth reaches 8 meters and the rigidity conditions are difficult.

Cost of sewer plastic pipes

A plastic sewer pipe 50 mm is a product where the diameter is indicated. You will have to pay 94 rubles for the product. In this case, the wall thickness will be 3.2 mm. In this case, we are talking about hardness class SN 4. A plastic sewer pipe 110 mm will cost the consumer 200 rubles. The wall thickness remains the same. With an increase in diameter to 160 mm, the price increases to 579 rubles.

Connection Features

Plastic sewer pipes must be securely sealed and connected to each other. Ultimately, the master must obtain a complete design. For this, universal fittings are used, including:

• knee;
• tee fittings;
• siphons.

A tee Y-fitting is used for connection at an angle of 45°C. If it is necessary to form a right angle, a T-Y fitting should be used. If you need to connect a pipe of a larger diameter with a thinner pipe, then a sleeve is put on the socket, which allows you to reduce the diameter.

To avoid blockages, experts recommend using any connections less frequently. Before connecting sewer plastic pipes, the structures should be cleaned; this is necessary when the pipe will be soldered to the socket. If uneven surfaces form on the inner wall, they will collect solids from the drain. When connecting with force, you can use a lubricant such as soap, glycerin or grease.

Carrying out installation

The dimensions of the plastic sewer pipes must be selected before you begin laying the system. Next you need to follow technology. At the first stage, the elements are adjusted, and the master needs to check the correspondence of the slopes and angles. You can make markings so as not to get confused in large quantities nodes

On next stage elements are connected to each other. It is important to check that the product fits into the socket one third of the seat. However, you should not attach special effort. To ensure tightness, the connections are glued together with a special compound. After applying it, you can put on the fitting. To create a branched system, you can use tees or other distribution elements. After completing the work, it is important to check the tightness of the system within an hour. If no leak is found, then installation work were carried out successfully and efficiently.

Features of arranging a sewerage system using plastic pipes

Plastic sewer pipes, the prices for which were mentioned above, must be laid with a certain slope, which will ensure unhindered discharge of waste and wastewater.

If the slope is too great, then build-up will form on the inner walls, which over time will lead to the formation of blockages and traffic jams. If the slope is made smaller or not provided at all, then the wastewater will not leave the house on its own, and the system in this case will be inoperative. Plastic sewer pipes, the prices of which should interest you if you plan to use them when arranging the system, are used in conjunction with a metal drain pipe. It is required for ventilation and is installed at a height of four meters. Its diameter usually varies from 50 to 110 mm.

When it comes to urban multi-storey buildings, where it passes through all the floors sewer riser, its diameter must match the outlet pipe from the toilet. This value is 110 mm. In this case, the pipe is routed to the roof, it is left open. It will communicate with the atmosphere and eliminate vacuum, which could lead to the appearance of unpleasant odors.

When assembling the riser, it is important to strengthen the neck of each pipe with a clamp. If a compensating pipe is installed, its fastening is carried out using the same technology. You should not assume that O-rings will suffice for plastic pipes. Over time, they will certainly become loose, and the joints may lose their tightness.

Conclusion

Installation of plastic sewer pipes is quite often carried out under highways. In this case, the system should be located at a depth of one meter or more. If it is no longer possible to deepen the system, then it must be pulled through a reinforced concrete box.

It is important not only to correctly lay the sewage system made of plastic pipes, but also to ensure operation in accordance with the rules. To clean sewer risers, steel wire is used, which is not suitable for plastic structures. This is due to the fact that the wire can scratch the inner walls of the products. Therefore, it is recommended to use a soft cable that is protected by a rubber tip.

Have you ever wondered what causes the high demand for PVC sewer pipes?

The thing is that they are easy to install, easy to use and, most importantly, inexpensive.

The modern market offers a wide range of materials with which sewerage can be installed.

And in order to do right choice, you need to have at least minimal knowledge about their characteristics.

Purpose of PVC pipes and main characteristics

Scope of application of this material depends on him physical properties. It doesn’t hurt to know that polyvinyl chloride is one of the representatives of the group of thermoplastics, which, after heat treatment and even under mechanical stress, retain their shape and integrity. The pipe production process also uses ethylene, stabilized chlorine and additives to improve properties.

The main purpose of PVC pipes is their use in the sewerage system. Depending on their thickness, the scope of use and, accordingly, the type are determined. It could be:

• internal sewerage:
• external;
• pressure system;
• gravity drain.

Plastic pipes: orange - for external sewerage, gray - for internal

This classification applies to those models that have undergone appropriate processing. Non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride PVC-U has the best technical characteristics.

Performance properties directly depend on technical characteristics. As for PVC pipes, they are characterized by the following indicators:

• high level mechanical strength Moreover, the three-layer manufacturing technology and external corrugation allows it to be installed deeply;
• resistance to negative influence aggressive environment;
• a perfectly smooth wall from the inside, which prevents the retention of solid elements;
• high internal pressure, minimum 6 bar, maximum 16;
• the most heat drainage, which is allowed, is +65 degrees Celsius, and the minimum is -10 degrees. There are models that can withstand +90 degrees, but if this happens for a short time;
• specific gravity 2 kg per linear meter (the figure varies depending on the thickness and diameter);
• the tensile strength is 50 MPa, and the service life is about 50 years.

Features of the diameter and size of sewer pipes

Diameter of PVC sewer pipes

D is the outer diameter of the pipe; Dy is the internal diameter of the pipe; Dр - outer diameter of the socket; Lр—socket length; L is the length of the pipe without socket; L1 = L+Lp

Diameter of PVC sewer pipes is the main parameter when choosing them, and this does not depend on whether the sewage system is installed internally or externally. It is worth noting that the different sizes of pipes mean that they are intended for various tasks. Don't forget that the device sewer system It will be easy and correct if you choose the right size.

According to the table, a pipe with a diameter of 40 mm at a slope of 1.3 cm should be used to drain the bathtub, then:

• shower - diameter 40 mm, slope 1.48 cm;
• toilet - 100 mm/1.2 cm;
• sink - 40 mm/1.12 cm;
• bidet - 30-40 mm/1.2 cm;
• sink - 30-40 mm/1.36 cm;
• combined drain - 50 mm/1.8 cm;
• central riser - 100 mm;
• bends from the riser - 65-75 mm.

Pipeline parameters include:

• external diameter;
• inner diameter;
• conditional passage - means internal section;
• nominal section.

PVC sewer pipe size chart

The table will help you understand what sizes of PVC sewer pipes there are. You can view it below:

Dimensions of PVC sewer pipes - Table 1

The dimensions of pipes for external sewerage are not regulated in any way; the only recommendation is that its diameter should not be smaller than the circumference of the external main. For example, in private houses pipes with a diameter of 110-250 mm can be used, and in intensive load systems even larger (about 400 mm).

Dimensions of PVC sewer pipes - Table 2

The thickness of the material is also of considerable importance in operation; it depends on the stiffness class to which the pipe belongs. If we talk about wall thickness, then for sewerage installation internal type There are no specific standards, but in gravity systems it is not advisable to use pipes thinner than 1.8 mm.

How to choose the optimal diameter of sewer pipes?

Of course, the presence of PVC pipes different sizes, can be considered an advantage, but for those who encounter them for the first time, certain difficulties may arise when choosing. To avoid misunderstandings, it is important to know that:

• diameter horizontal pipe cannot be smaller than the riser through which they pass wastewater. This may cause blockages;
• horizontal connections are mounted only with the help of oblique tees and angles, this prevents unnecessary clogging;
• It is mandatory to install an inspection at each turn, which is a special hole for cleaning. IN multi-storey buildings they are installed every 3 floors. Even if the area is long (more than 12 m) and deaf, an inspection will still not hurt;
• the optimal slope of the sewer pipe is 1.2 cm;
• cutting hollow objects that are not too wide is quite simple using a hacksaw or grinder.

How to choose the diameter? If you use a pipe to drain a dishwasher or washing machine, then its circumference should be 25 mm, and if it is a siphon or shower cabin, then 32 mm. On average, sewer pipes installed inside an apartment should be 40-50 mm. For the street, hollow objects of round cross-section with a diameter of 160-200 mm are used.

Methods for connecting PVC pipes depending on their diameter

If the pipe circumference does not exceed 63 mm, then the following connection technologies are allowed for their connection:

1. socket welding - the principle is to place a smaller object into one that is larger;
2. sleeve welding - used additional detail in the form of a coupling.

Some models have threaded connections, and their use requires flare fittings.

In the case of pipes larger than 63 mm in diameter, the butt welding method is used. No couplings are needed here, however, the reliability of the connection is in no way inferior to similar methods.