Technological stages of production of reinforced concrete floor slabs. Hollow-core floor slabs: GOST, dimensions, load

Today, hollow-core floor slabs are the most in demand in the market for the construction of multi-storey residential buildings. They are equally well suited for the construction of buildings made of concrete, brick or aerated concrete blocks. Hollow-core floor slabs look like a parallelepiped. During their manufacture, several longitudinal cavities in the form of pipes are formed inside. Thanks to such design features hollow core slabs ceilings have a number of important performance characteristics.

Main advantages

• Low weight. The presence of voids inside the slab makes it possible to significantly lighten the building structure without compromising its strength. This simplifies foundation calculations and selection suitable soils And building materials.
• High strength. The presence of reinforcement makes the slabs reinforced concrete floors hollow-core are extremely resistant to both bending and torsional loads. They are able to withstand loads from 450 to 3000 kilograms per square meter.
• Excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation. Air is an excellent insulator, therefore the presence of cavities in the structure makes hollow-core reinforced concrete floor slabs indispensable in the construction of residential buildings, where heat conservation and noise protection are the most important factors.
• Convenience of laying communications. The presence of hollow-core (PC) cavities in the floor slab makes it possible to lay cable channels even at the stage of building construction. For this purpose, special boxes or corrugated pipes, in which cables or wires are provided to facilitate the installation of communications.
• Low cost hollow core floor slabs. Due to the presence of cavities, a relatively small amount of raw material (concrete) is consumed in the production of this building material. Thus, the selling price for hollow-core floor slabs is relatively low and depends primarily on their geometric dimensions.

Marking

Let us list the main parameters that are indicated in the markings for hollow-core floor slabs: dimensions, diameter of the cavities, type of reinforcement and manufacturing method. Let's consider the possible options:

By type (manufacturing method):

• PC - floor slabs made of prestressed reinforced concrete with a cross-sectional height of 220 mm;
• NV (NVK, NVKU, 4NVK) - multi-hollow prestressed floor slabs of bench formless molding for residential and public buildings. They come with single-row (NV) and double-row reinforcement;
• PB - hollow-core slabs made by continuous molding, designed to be supported on two sides.

Here is an example of decoding the slab 1PK 63 15 6 AtV:

• Plate type - PC. 1pk means that the diameter of the voids is 159 mm (2pk - 140 mm, 3pk - 127 mm).
• Slab length - 63 dm, width - 15 dm.
• The slab is made of heavy concrete with AtV class prestressed reinforcement.

For PC boards, simplified markings are often used. It indicates only the dimensions and design load. Here are several markings of such floor slabs in ascending order of price: PC 10 10 8, PC 12 10 8, PC 15 12 8, PC 60 15 10, PC 72 12 8, PC 72 15 8 and so on. By default, the diameter of the cavities is considered to be 159 mm.

Where to buy hollow core slabs?

This building material is widely represented on the market, but it is most profitable to purchase it without intermediaries from the manufacturer. The Homestroy LLC company offers to buy hollow-core floor slabs High Quality with delivery by our transport to any district of Moscow and the region.

When building a house, any developer faces the question of choosing an interfloor floor. The three most common types of floors are wooden, monolithic reinforced concrete and prefabricated reinforced concrete, mounted from flat hollow-core slabs. It is this type of flooring, as the most popular and practical for low-rise construction, that will be discussed in this material. From this pro interfloor ceilings in a private house you will learn:

• What is the difference between hollow-core floor slabs (PC) and floor slabs made by formless molding (PB).
• How to lay floors correctly.
• How to avoid installation mistakes.
• How to store floor slabs.

How to choose a hollow core slab

At first glance at hollow-core floors, it may seem that they differ from each other only in length, thickness and width. But specifications hollow core floor slabs are much wider and are described in detail in GOST 9561-91.

Hollow core slab, private house.

Hollow-core interfloor slabs differ from each other in the method of reinforcement. Moreover, reinforcement (depending on the type of slabs) can be performed using prestressed reinforcement or without prestressed reinforcement. More often, floors with prestressed working reinforcement are used.

When choosing floor slabs, you should pay attention to the following: important point, as the permissible number of sides on which they can be supported. . Usually you can only support on two short sides, but some types of slabs allow support on three or four sides.

• PB. Provides support on two sides;
• 1pc. Thickness – 220 mm. The diameter of the round voids is 159 mm. Allows support on two sides only;
• 1PKT. Having similar dimensions, it allows support on three sides;
• 1PKK. Can be leaned on four sides.

Floor slabs also differ in their manufacturing method. There is often a debate about what to prefer – PC or PB.

Andrey164 User FORUMHOUSE

The time has come to cover the basement floor of the building with floor slabs, but I can’t decide what to choose - PC or PB, PB has a better surface finish than PC, but I heard that PB is used only in monolithic frame houses and country houses, and the end of such a slab cannot be loaded with a wall.

Sasha1983 User FORUMHOUSE

The main difference between the plates lies in the technology of their manufacture.

PC (thickness from 160 to 260 mm and typical load-bearing capacity of 800 kg/sq.m.) is cast in formwork. PB brand panels (thickness from 160 mm to 330 mm and typical load-bearing capacity from 800 kg/sq.m) are manufactured using formless continuous casting (this allows for a smoother and more even surface than PC panels). PBs are also called extruder ones.

PB, due to prestress compressed and tensile zones (prestressing reinforcement is done at any length of the slab), less susceptible to cracking than PC. PCs with a length of up to 4.2 meters can be produced without prestressed reinforcement and have a greater free deflection than PB.

At the request of the customer, PB can be cut to individual specified sizes (from 1.8 to 9 meters, etc.). They can also be cut lengthwise and into individual longitudinal elements, as well as making an oblique cut at an angle of 30-90 degrees, without losing its load-bearing capacity. This greatly simplifies the layout of such floor slabs on a construction site and provides greater freedom to the designer, because the dimensions of the building box and load-bearing walls are not tied to standard sizes PC.

When choosing PC interfloor slabs (more than 4.2 meters long), it is important to remember this feature - they are prestressed with special stops at the ends of the slab. If you cut off the end of the PC, the stop (cut off together with the end of the PC and the vertical reinforcement) will not work. Accordingly, the working reinforcement will cling to the concrete only with its side surface. This will significantly reduce bearing capacity slabs

Despite the better quality smooth surface, good geometry, lighter weight and high load-bearing capacity, this point should be taken into account when choosing a PB. Hollow holes in the PC (depending on the width of the slab, with a diameter of 114 to 203 mm) make it possible to easily punch a hole in it for sewer riser, with a diameter of 100 mm. While the size of the void hole in the PB is 60 mm. Therefore, to punch a through hole in a PB brand panel (so as not to damage the reinforcement), you should check with the manufacturer in advance on how best to do this.

Floor slabs for a private house: installation features

PB (unlike PC) does not have mounting loops (or you have to pay extra for their installation), which can complicate their loading, unloading and installation.

It is not recommended to use the “folk” method of installing the PB, when the fastening hooks cling to the end of the hollow hole. In this case, there is a high probability that the hook will be torn out of the hole due to the destruction of the end of the slab, or the hook will simply slip off. This will cause the slab to fall. Also, at your own peril and risk, you can use a method in which a crowbar is inserted into the hollow holes of the PB (two crowbars on one side of the slab) and hooks cling to them.

Installation of PB slabs is allowed only with the use of soft chocks or a special traverse.

ProgC User FORUMHOUSE

To pull the joist out from under the slab, when laying it, leave a gap of 2 cm to the adjacent slab. Then we move the already laid slab with a crowbar to the adjacent one.

Max_im User FORUMHOUSE

Personal experience: I laid slabs at my construction site using this method. The gap was left at 3 cm. The slabs lay on cement-sand mixture 2 cm thick. The mixture acted as a lubricant, and the plates were easily moved with a crowbar to the distance I needed.

Also, when installing floor slabs, it is necessary to comply with the calculated values ​​of the minimum depth of support for the slab. The following numbers can be used as a guide:

• brick wall, minimum support depth is 8 cm, maximum support depth is 16 cm;
• reinforced concrete – 7 cm, maximum support depth – 12 cm;
• gas and foam concrete blocks– minimum 10-12 cm, optimal support depth – 15 cm;
• steel structures– 7 cm.

It is not recommended to support the floor slab more than 20 cm, because as the depth of support increases, it begins to “work” like a pinched beam. When laying floor panels on walls built with gas and foam concrete blocks, it is necessary to install a reinforced concrete armored belt, which is described in detail in the article:. Read also our article, which explains in detail. We wish you to successfully apply the acquired knowledge on your construction sites!

Before installing the slabs, it is recommended to seal the ends of the hollow holes. The voids are sealed to prevent water from getting inside the panel. This also increases the strength at the ends of the slabs (this applies to a greater extent to PC than to PB) if load-bearing partitions are supported on them. The voids can be filled by inserting half a brick into them and “filling” the gap with a layer of concrete. Typically, voids are sealed to a depth of at least 12-15 cm.

If water does get inside the slabs, it must be removed. To do this, a hole is drilled in the panel, in the “void,” from below, through which water can flow out. This is especially important to do if the floors have already been laid, and the house went into winter without a roof. In cold weather, water can freeze inside the hollow hole (since there is nowhere for it to flow out) and tear the slab.

Sergey Perm User FORUMHOUSE

I had slabs laid on the floor for a whole year. I specially drilled holes in the “voids” with a hammer drill, and a lot of water flowed out. Each channel must be drilled.

Before laying floor slabs, it is necessary to select a truck crane with the required lifting capacity. It is important to take into account the accessibility of access roads, the maximum possible reach of the boom of the truck crane and the permissible weight of the load. And also calculate the possibility of laying floor panels not from one point, but from both sides of the house.

zumpf User FORUMHOUSE

The surface on which the floor slab is laid must be level and free of debris. Before laying the panel, it is “spread out” cement mixture, so-called mortar “bed”, 2 cm thick. This will ensure its reliable adhesion to the walls or armored belt. Also, before installing the panels and before applying the mortar to the wall, you can lay a reinforcing rod with a diameter of 10-12 mm.

This method will allow you to strictly control the vertical mixing of all slabs when laying them (since the panel will not fall below the rod). The rod will not allow it to completely squeeze out the cement mortar from under itself and lie down “dry”. It is not allowed to install slabs in steps. Depending on the length of the slabs, the discrepancy between the ends should not exceed 8-12 mm.

A serious mistake during installation is covering two spans at once with one slab, i.e. it rests on three walls. Because of this, loads unforeseen by the reinforcement scheme arise in it, and under certain unfavorable circumstances, it can crack.

If such a layout cannot be avoided, to relieve stress, a cut is made with a grinder along the upper surface of the panels, exactly above the middle partition (wall).

Another point that you should pay attention to is how to block a flight of stairs between floor slabs if there is nothing to support them on. In this case, you can run two channels parallel to the slabs, and place one across, along the edge of the opening, tie reinforcement cage in the form of a mesh with a cell of 20 cm and a rod diameter of 8 mm, etc. Place formwork and pour monolithic site. There is no need to tie the channel to the floor slabs. In this case, they rest on two short sides and are not subject to loads from the support unit of the flight of stairs.

How to properly store floor slabs on site

Ideally, if the panels are brought to the site, they should be installed immediately. If for some reason this cannot be done, the question arises: how to properly store them.

To store the slabs, it is necessary to prepare a solid and level area in advance. You can't just put them on the ground. In this case, the lower slab may rest on the ground, and, due to the uneven load, it will break under the weight of the upper slabs.

Products should be stacked in a stack of no more than 8-10 pieces. Moreover, spacers are placed under the bottom row (from timber 200x200 mm, etc.), and all subsequent rows are placed through spacers - a 25 mm thick inch board. The spacers should be located no further than 30-45 cm from the ends of the slabs, and they should be positioned strictly vertically one above the other. This will ensure uniform load redistribution.

, and read about e. The video reveals everything

LLC TK "Stroyka" produces and sells reinforced concrete products - reinforced concrete products that are used in the construction industry. Modern production facilities allow us to produce a wide range of products. Thanks to multi-stage control, you receive reinforced concrete products that meet all current standards and standards.

Elements of buildings and structures

Elements of stairs

Elements of landscaping and road improvement

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In addition to the listed concrete products, we produce and sell other reinforced concrete products, and also offer the purchase of non-metallic materials - cement, sand, expanded clay. A complete list of materials is presented in the catalog on the website pages.

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Floor slabs - what we mean about this type of reinforced concrete products we'll talk in this article.

All modern designs buildings in their own way production process are divided into two large groups:

• buildings from monolithic concrete
• buildings and structures made of prefabricated reinforced concrete

Comparison of floor slabs and monolith

Each of these groups has advantages and disadvantages. Monolithic structures of buildings and structures have the main and undeniable advantage - almost any conceivable and inconceivable shape can be made, embodying the creative vision of the architect. Another equally important advantage is that monolithic structures more durable due to the fact that the steel frame made of reinforcement passes through all the building structures as a single unit. At the same time, the amount of concrete and thickness load-bearing supports can be reduced, which can also have a positive effect on the budget.

Precast concrete buildings have their own advantages. First of all, these are the timing of the construction of the structure - all parts of the future building are brought to the construction site already finished form, and the monolith gains strength after 28 days, although on large construction sites the next floor is already erected 1.5-2 weeks after the previous floor has been poured. Plus, thanks to a standardized and automated production process, all products achieve quality standards within established regulatory limits.

It is also worth noting that the labor costs of people and equipment during the construction of buildings made of prefabricated reinforced concrete are significantly lower. For example, if, when pouring a floor slab with a monolith, the estimated cost of concrete is 3,000 rubles per 1 cubic meter of concrete, the work of builders will cost about 3 thousand rubles per 1 cubic meter of poured concrete, the work includes the cost of tying or welding the reinforcement frame, installing formwork and pouring concrete. The total price is approximately 6 thousand rubles per 1 cubic meter of the finished product.

With a floor area of ​​100 square meters, pouring a 20 cm thick floor slab will cost 100 x 0.2 x 6000 = 120,000 thousand rubles. But don't forget about metal frame. For the calculation, let’s take reinforcement of 10 mm, mesh (cell pitch) of 20 cm. for our volume we need about 100 rods of reinforcement (the length of the rod is 11.7 meters), this is for one level of the grid, for two, respectively, 200. This is about 1.5 tons of metal, with a metal price of 32 thousand per ton, the price is 48 thousand rubles. You can also throw 2 thousand on tying wire and corks (linings to reinforcement mesh did not touch the formwork - the concrete after pouring should protect the steel reinforcement from the action environment). Total 170 thousand rubles.

Moreover, to cover this space with hollow core slabs it will take 12 floor slabs. The overall dimensions of the slabs for the calculation were taken as 6300 x 1500 (floor slabs PC 63-15), in terms of area it turns out that 11 slabs are needed, but it usually happens that the slabs are laid in two equal rows (for example, if the house is 12m x 8.5m) , and the protruding remains of the slabs are usually sawed off with a diamond grinder wheel or beaten with a crowbar in the direction of the longitudinal hole of the slab. Because it is not always possible to make a house according to the design, with dimensions adjusted to the dimensions of the slabs. Although if we're talking about O multi-storey construction, then in this case all dimensions are consistent with standard sizes factory reinforced concrete products.

So, 12 slabs, the cost of a PK-63-15 slab is about 10,000 thousand rubles, delivery within the city is approximately 4.5 thousand per flight, in the back there is a maximum of 4 slabs (we are talking about new and not used slabs). 3 flights are 13.5 thousand rubles, plus the cost of the plates is 120 thousand rubles.

Laying 12 slabs is a maximum of 3 hours of work, the cost of renting a crane is 1.5 thousand rubles per hour, a minimum of 3 hours is a total of 4.5 thousand. Paying workers for a stove is a maximum of 500 rubles per stove (although 2 helpers at 500 rubles a day under strict guidance can work wonders). Total 6 thousand. The total is 144 thousand rubles. This example shows a difference of 26 thousand rubles, although for real case need to be calculated separately. But there will always be a small saving on finished reinforced concrete if you compare good workers pouring a monolith and new reinforced concrete structures.

Areas of application for floor slabs

Floor slabs are very widely used, and this is perhaps the most used type of reinforced concrete product. They are used to span spans up to 9 meters, although the most common type of slabs are 6300mm long slabs. Cellars, ground floors, interfloor ceilings - these slabs are used everywhere. In multi-storey construction, slabs also became widespread, especially during the Soviet period where speed of construction was important - it was necessary to provide housing for a large number of citizens.

Currently, floor slabs are also often used in country houses.

IN industrial construction In factory workshops, U-shaped (if viewed in cross-section) slabs are most often used, which are labeled as PKZh slabs. These are lightweight structures designed to create roofs industrial buildings and structures that are inherently unable to bear such loads as hollow ones, especially for production equipment. Their main purpose is the roof of a building.

The most common size is 6000 x 3000mm. Due to the oversized dimensions of these slabs, a trawl is used for transportation - a long platform attached to a tractor. Also, to transport oversized cargo, you need to take care in advance of a pass for oversized special transport at the local traffic police, they will give official permission and a clear route so as not to congest the main streets of the city.

Laying floor slabs

Floor slabs are laid on the load-bearing walls of the building. Structurally, they should be based on load-bearing wall no less than 12 cm, although during unreliable construction there were cases when builders laid the slab with a support of 2 cm, but this should absolutely not be done. SNiP precisely specifies the value of 12 cm. The slabs are laid dry or on mortar, and when laying the slab on the mortar it is easier to level it after laying. It is also necessary to maintain a technological seam between the slabs of size 5-20 cm, which after installation is filled with mortar.

Before installing the stove, it must be carefully inspected. Slabs that have cracks with an opening of more than 1 mm along the entire length of the slab are not allowed to be used. When using such a floor slab under load, the reinforcement may come out of the concrete and the slab has a chance of breaking. At the same time, small shrinkage cracks no more than 1 mm of opening width is allowed by Snip.

Floor slab production technology

Floor slabs like most others reinforced concrete structures obtained by molding a concrete mass. The metal form consists of a pallet and opening sides; in one of the sides on the short side of the form there are holes for the entry of poissons - pipes that create voids in the slabs. The voids serve to lighten the mass of the finished slab and save concrete.

IN production workshop the whole process looks like this. The form is lifted onto the vibrating table. The electromagnet turns on and the form sticks to the vibrating table.

The worker places a pre-welded lower reinforcement frame (the lower frame is made of thicker reinforcement) into the mold. Poissons slide into the mold from the side, filling part of the space. An upper reinforcing mesh is placed on top. A concrete paver drives up onto the beam crane and fills the slab form with mortar.

Also on the crane beam the form is covered with a metal lid. The vibrating table turns on and begins to vibrate the form so that the concrete is compacted. Afterwards the lid is removed, and then the poissons leave the mold. In compacted concrete, voids are formed, and the form is then sent to dry in a steaming chamber, where it remains for about a day, so that the concrete sets as quickly as possible. Well, a day later, the finished floor slabs are stored at the warehouse site.

Anyone who has at least once dealt with the construction of a house knows how important hollow reinforced concrete slabs or floor panels. Hollow-core concrete floor slabs, in fact, make up about 90% of total weight Houses. Floor slabs (PC) can vary greatly in both weight and size, depending on the specific purposes for which they are used.

Structural features of hollow core slabs

As you might guess, the inside of reinforced concrete floor slabs (RC) are hollow, which is why they are labeled for sale as multi-hollow. But the holes inside such slabs, contrary to misconception, can have not only oval, but also round, square and other shapes.

However, in most cases, floor slabs (PCs) have cylindrical hollow circles inside.

Interestingly, floor slabs (PC) can be either unreinforced or reinforced. Reinforced concrete floor slabs (PC) will be reinforced.

Such floor slabs (PCS), although they have a significantly greater weight, which ultimately increases both the load on the building and the cost of construction, however, have a large margin of safety. The installation of floor slabs, namely the installation method itself, depends on what support the slabs will be placed on, because support is also an important criterion.

For example, if the support of the slab is not stable enough, this can lead to unpleasant consequences, which, of course, must be avoided.

Characteristics of hollow core slabs

Size

Its final cost also depends on the size of the hollow core PC; in addition to parameters such as width and length, weight is also important.

PC sizes vary as follows:

• the length of the PC ranges from 1180 to 9700 millimeters;
• The width of the PC ranges from 990 to 3500 millimeters.

The most popular and in demand are hollow-core panel slabs, the length of which is 6000 mm and the width of 1500 mm. The height or thickness of the panel is also important (it would be more correct to talk about height, but builders, as a rule, say “thickness”).

So, the thickness that multi-hollow panels can have is always the same value - 220 mm. Great importance has, of course, the weight of the floor panel. Concrete floor slabs must be lifted by a crane with a minimum lifting capacity of 4-5 tons.

The length and weight of the panels are of utmost importance for construction; length is an even less important indicator than weight.

Weight

As for such an important parameter as weight, everything is very clear the first time: the range of products produced in Russia ranges from 960 kilograms to 4.82 tons. Weight is the main criterion by which the method by which the panels will be installed is determined.

Typically, cranes are used, as noted above, with a lifting capacity of at least 5 tons (of course, cranes must lift weight with some margin).

The weight of panels with the same markings may differ, but only slightly: after all, if we consider the weight with an accuracy of one gram, anything can affect it.

If, for example, a product is caught in the rain, then it will a priori be slightly heavier than the product that was not exposed to rain.

Types of loads

To begin with, it should be noted that any overlap requires the presence of the following 3 parts:

1. The upper part, with the floor where people live. Accordingly, the panel will be loaded by the floor covering, various insulating elements and, of course, concrete screeds - the main component of the load;
2. The lower part, with the presence of the ceiling, its decoration, lighting fixtures. By the way, you shouldn’t be skeptical about the availability of lighting fixtures. Firstly, the same LED lamps require partial destruction of the plate with a hammer drill to lay the cable. Secondly, if you take large rooms, with columns and halls, huge crystal chandeliers can hang there, which will give a greater load than any other device or type of decoration. This must also be taken into account;
3. Structural. It unites both the upper and lower parts at once, as if supporting them in the air.

A hollow core slab is a structural slab that supports both the upper and lower parts of the floor in the air!

By the way, you should not discount the dynamic load. It, as you might guess, is created by people themselves, as well as the things they move. All this affects the properties and states of the panel.

For example, if you once transport a heavy piano in a small two-story house from one place to another is normal, but daily movement will create much more on a multi-hollow slab Negative influence. It is unlikely to fall, but there may be serious problems with ventilation later.

Based on the type of load distribution, they are divided into 2 groups:

• distributed;
• point.

To understand the difference between these two types, it is worth giving an example. The same huge crystal chandelier, which weighs one tone - this is a point load. And here suspended ceiling with a frame over the entire surface of the slab - this is already a distributed load.

But there is also a combined load, combining point and distributed. For example, a bathtub filled to the top. The bathtub itself stands on legs, and its pressure on the legs is a type of distributed load. But the legs standing on the floor are already a point load.

Its cost directly depends on the weight of the hollow core slab.

It's complicated, but you can figure it out. And it is necessary! After all, calculations for floors and hollow core slabs during construction will still need to be made.

Brands of hollow core slabs

As a matter of fact, hollow core slabs don’t even have brands as such. We are talking about markings that reflect some parameters. It is enough to give a small example.

Let's say the panel has the following markings: PC 15-13-10 PC - means hollow core slab; all digital designations indicate any technical parameters.

15 would mean that the panel is approximately 15 decimeters (1.5 meters) long. Why approximately? It’s just that the length can be 1.498 meters, but on the marking the manufacturer has the right to round this figure to 1.5 meters (15 decimeters).

This is the load that the material can withstand (maximum permissible). In our case, the maximum load will be 10 kilograms per 1 dm². Usually builders calculate the load per square meter, here it will be 1000 kilograms per 1 m². In general, everything is not so difficult.

The panel brand always looks like PC-XX-XX; if sellers offer other options, then you should be wary.

Load calculation

Calculation of limiting impact

Calculation of limiting impact - required condition when designing a building. The dimensions and other parameters of the panels are determined by the old, good Soviet GOST number 9561-91.

In order to determine the load that will be exerted on the product, it is necessary to indicate on the drawing of the future structure the weight of absolutely all elements that will “press” on the ceiling. Their total weight will be the maximum load.

First of all, you need to consider the weight of the following elements:

• cement-sand screeds;
• gypsum concrete partitions;
• weight flooring or panels;
• thermal insulation materials.

Subsequently, all the obtained indicators are summed up and divided by the number of panels that will be present in the house. From here you can get the maximum, maximum load on each specific product.

Calculation of optimal load

It is clear that the maximum permissible level- this is a critical indicator, which must not be brought to the level under any circumstances. Therefore, it is best to calculate the optimal indicator. For example, a panel weighs 3000 kg. It is needed for an area of ​​10 m².

It is necessary to divide 3000 by 10. The result is that the maximum permissible load value will be 300 kilograms per 1 m². This is a small indicator, but you also need to take into account the weight of the product itself, for which the load was also calculated (let’s say its value is 800 kilograms per 1 m²). From 800 you need to subtract 300, the result is 500 kilograms per 1 m².

Now you need to roughly estimate how much all the loading elements and objects will weigh. Let this figure be equal to 200 kilograms per 1 m². From the previous indicator (500 kg/m²) you need to subtract the resulting one (200 kg/m²). The result will be a figure of 300 m². But that's not all.

Now you need to subtract the weight of the furniture from this indicator, finishing materials, the weight of people who will constantly be indoors or in the house. “Live weight” and all elements, their load, let it be 150 kg/m². From 300 you need to subtract 150. As a result, the optimal permissible indicator will be obtained, the designation of which will be 150 kg/m². This will be the optimal load.

Advantages of hollow core slabs

Among the advantages of these products are the following:

• relatively small load on the perimeter of the entire building, in contrast to the same solid products;
• high strength indicators, despite the fact that the panels at the bottom are hollow;
• reliability;
• settlement of the house will be much less intense than when using solid products (in fact, this advantage comes from the relatively low weight);
• relatively low cost.

In general, hollow-core panels are one of the most important building materials. Today it is produced by only a few factories throughout vast Russia. The main thing, as noted above, is not to be deceived when purchasing.

Sometimes (this is rare, but still) sellers try to sell low-quality panels, so-called lightweight ones. For example, they may be marked indicating that the product is designed for a load of 500 kilograms per square meter, but in reality this parameter is several times lower.

This is not even fraud, it is a criminal offense that should be punished to the fullest extent of the law. After all, if you buy a panel designed for a smaller load, there is a serious risk of building collapse. This situation can be observed not only in the provinces, but even in Moscow or St. Petersburg.

In general, you need to be extremely careful when purchasing such products. It is important to remember that any design mistake can even have tragic consequences.

Video

You can watch a video where experts talk in detail about the features various types hollow slabs.