Conjugation of irregular verbs in Italian table. Italian verb conjugation

IN English language There are a number of specific verbs that have their own characteristics and are not used in groups of long tenses.

Concepts of dynamic and static verbs

English verbs can be divided into two subcategories: static and dynamic.

Dynamic imply physical action, activity, development, movement. They are used in all tense forms, including the group of continuous tenses. There are a few interesting features, which distinguish them from static ones. Actions expressed by dynamic verbs can be consciously performed within a certain period of time and the duration of the process can be controlled. For example, words such as run (run), read (read), speak (speak), learn (teach), dance (dance), work (work). In addition, this activity can be depicted. For example, draw, capture on camera or photograph in the process.

Static verbs express not a process, but a state. These are the verbs that are not used in the Continuous. The name stative verbs comes from the word state - state. There are also names such as nonprogressive, non-action verbs. They are used to describe existing conditions.

Features of static verbs

At first glance, it may seem difficult to remember the following list of unrelated foreign words. However, the most important thing here is to understand the principle. There are several features that will help you see the essence:

• these verbs do not denote a physical action or process;
• some of them convey those states that arise on their own, regardless of a person’s intention (smell - smell, hear - hear);
• some of the words mean a lightning-fast action that cannot occur over a long period of time (notice - notice).

Verbs not used in Continuous (Stative Verbs)

For more convenient memorization, Stative Verbs are conditionally divided into thematic subgroups.

1. Mental activity and state of consciousness:

• agree/disagree - to agree/disagree;
• believe - to believe, to place hopes, to trust;
• deny - deny;
• doubt - to doubt;
• expect - expect;
• forget - forget;
• know - to have an idea, to know, to be aware;
• mean - to mean;
• mind - to be against, to object;
• realise - to realize;
• recognize - find out;
• understand - to comprehend, interpret, understand.

2. Verbs not used in the Continuous are used to express emotional states and feelings:

• admire - to admire, admire;
• appreciate - to evaluate, appreciate;
• impress - to impress;
• respect - to respect;
• love - to love, adore;
• hate - to hate, to dislike;
• seem - to appear;
• envy - to envy;
• trust - to trust.

3. Desire, preferences:

• desire - to wish;
• need - to need;
• prefer - give preference;
• want - want;
• wish - strive, desire, make a request.

4. Words that denote the perception of the senses (verbs not used in the Continuous).

Often used with modal verbs can, could to indicate perception at the moment of narration:

• hear - to hear;
• see - look, see;
• smell - to give off an aroma, to smell;
• taste - to have a taste.

5. Belonging, attitude:

• belong - to belong, to be someone's property, to belong to (a group), to be appropriate;
• concern - relate, touch, be concerned, be interested in, deal with;
• consist - consist of containing;
• contain - contain, accommodate;
• depend (on) - depend (on someone, something), rely on (someone), count;
• differ - have a difference, disagree;
• equal - to be equal, to be similar, to draw an analogy;
• fit - fit, combine, correspond;
• have - to have;
• include - include, cover;
• involve - to involve;
• lack - lack;
• matter - to matter, to be important;
• owe - to owe, to have a debt;
• own - to possess;
• possess - to own, possess;
• resemble - resemble, be similar.

Mixed verbs

There is a certain group of static verbs that are used in the group of continuous tenses. But at the same time they acquire slightly different shades of meaning. These are polysemic words that hide more than one meaning.

Some verbs that are not used in the Continuous can sometimes be used in the continuous form to demonstrate strong emotions, admiration or indignation:

I am loving this city! - I love this city!

She"s hating that book. - She hates that book.

Verbs to be and to have

To be sometimes used in English in the form of the continuous tense when it is necessary to emphasize the behavior of a person or the state in which he is at the moment.

Verb be in is formed using a combination was, were and present participles with an ing ending ( being).

Verb have in Present Continuous is used only in some cases. In the English language there are certain stable expressions that form a single whole.

In the role auxiliary verb in this case the word “to be” appears. Therefore, you should not make the mistake of using Continuous. In this case, the third person form is formed using a combination of the auxiliary verb is and a semantic verb with the ending -ing(present participle).

Examples of using mixed verbs

It is much easier to master any theoretical material if you illustrate the rules with specific ones; those that are not used in the Continuous are quite easily remembered due to the understanding of the principle and the division into semantic subgroups. And with memorization mixed verbs There may be some difficulties associated with polysemy (that is, polysemy).

One of the best ways master new material in grammar is to independently come up with several examples on a certain topic and begin to include them in your speech, using them in dialogues, as well as when writing essays.

Why in English you can’t say “I love now,” “I want now,” “I will find out now.” How to correctly use verbs in the Present Continuous and what are their features?

Most verbs, without any special exceptions or complications, are used in the long tense. But great language exceptions cannot fail to make its contribution to this area. Some actions cannot fit into the Present Continuous rule at all or with only a few concessions.

List of verbs that are not used in continuous

All words expressing actions or feelings can be divided into several groups:

• Verbs of perception:

to see - to see
to hear - to hear
to notice - to notice
to smell - to smell
to feel - to feel
to recognize - to recognize
to listen - listen
to watch - to watch
to taste - to have taste

These flowers smell wonderful. — These flowers smell wonderful.
Do you hear the children’s singing? -Can you hear the children singing?

But why not leave it that way? But no, some of them can be used in a long-term meaning, subject to certain conditions:

to see- in meanings: to meet on business, to visit some places (to travel), to take care.

I am seeing the manager tomorrow. — Tomorrow I’m meeting with the manager.
He is seeing the sights. — He's sightseeing.

to listen, to watch, to look, to smell, to taste are used in continuous if they express an intentional action:

Why are you looking at this furcoat? It's too expensive. - Why are you looking at this fur coat? She's too expensive.
Don’t disturb him now, he is listening to the “Radio-fact”. - Don't bother him, he's listening to Radio Fact.

If we receive information from someone or about something and want to express it with a verb to hear, then you can use it for a long time:

I have been hearing all about this accident. “I heard all about this accident.”

• Verbs not used in the continuous form include the expression emotional state:

to want - to want
to desire - to wish
to refuse - refuse
to forgive - forgive
to wish - to wish
to hate - to hate
to like - to like
to love - to love

I want to leave this house.- I want to leave this house.
Do you think there will be any ticks left? -Do you think there are still tickets left?

But in modern, colloquial language you can find Continuous with “emotional” verbs, if you need to express a strong feeling, to embellish the situation emotionally.

I am hating him so much! - I hate him so much!

• But with verbs of thought processes easier. There are, of course, many of them, but there are fewer exceptions:

to understand - to understand
to know - to know
to remember - remember
to believe - to believe
to expect - to expect
to suppose - to believe
to recollect - remember
to trust - to believe.

I suppose I need a good sleep. — I think (I believe) I need a good sleep.
Do you know why he is smiling? - Do you know why he smiles?

to think in the sense of knowing, thinking or believing is not used, but in the sense of thinking about in thoughts, reflecting - it is used.

You look serious. What are you thinking about? -You look serious. What are you thinking (thinking about)?

• The remaining verbs that are not used in the continuous form can be grouped into one whole - verbs possessions, relationships:

to own - to possess
to belong - to belong
to possess - to possess
to seem - to seem
to signify - to express
to appear - to appear
to contain - contain
to consist - consist
to keep - store
to concern - worry
to matter - mean

It seems to me that my mother will come back soon. - It seems to me that mom will return soon.

BUT: It is especially worth paying attention to to have, which is used in Continuous if a stable expression is used:

to have a bath - take a bath
to have a shower - take a shower
to have a rest - to rest
to have fun - to have fun
to have breakfast/supper/lunch/dinner - to have breakfast, dinner, have lunch, have lunch

So let's compare:

If you take a closer look at non continuous verbs, you will easily see that most of them cannot express duration even in Russian. After all, if we love, then always, if something belongs to us, then it will last for a long time.