A fairy tale about the rose plant. Legends about flowers

Do you know the history of the most beautiful flower in the world? The first historical evidence appeared in the second millennium BC. in Crete, where roses were depicted on palace walls. IN Ancient Egypt this flower was painted on tombs. However, it would be incorrect to say that roses were valued by all ancient civilizations. For example, it is known that the Christian church considered this flower a symbol of debauchery. In ancient texts you will find more references to how lilies of the field grow.

Rising Rose

But time passed, tastes and preferences changed. Around 400 AD. The rose has become popular again. Perhaps they were the first to grow it in pots and gardens in Greece. The Romans readily embraced this hobby. Ancient healers made medicines and cosmetics from its petals, and its fruits (rose hips) were used as rosaries. The rich slept on rose petals and even covered the floors with them. Early roses were brought from Egypt and grown in greenhouses that were specially heated. The petals were even eaten, and in temples they made windows whose outlines resembled rose flowers.

But as we know, history rules the world. Some dynasties and empires collapse, others rise. Tastes, fashion and preferences change. When Rome fell, the passion for them began to subside, and only the hardiest varieties remained in Europe.

And yet it managed to spread throughout European territory, and was also brought to Britain. The oldest variety of garden roses is still known - french red rose (R. gallica), which was most likely brought by the Crusaders.

Other ancient varieties are also widely known - White Rose (Rosa Alba) And fragrant Damask rose. These varieties were prized for their unusually long flowering time. It was this property that laid the foundation for a whole group of varieties of these beautiful flowers. Sprawling bushes grew, gradually expanding both geography and varieties.

In the 16th century, extraordinary varieties were obtained by crossing, which still adorn the best gardens in Europe. The love for them was especially evident in Britain.

Roses in the East

But while the West gradually became accustomed to these magnificent flowers, in China it was valued and used much earlier. Even at the dawn of Western civilization, rose oil was already widely used in China. It was even used to protect against evil spirits. Unfortunately, in the east, according to tradition, preference was given to lotus or sakura. Therefore, many varieties were irretrievably lost. One of the famous Chinese varieties brought to Europe is the variety ( Old Blush). This is one of the first varieties of remontant roses. Later there were tea roses, known for their beautiful bud shape and delicate aroma. They laid the foundation for hardy and frost-resistant varieties. By crossing they were bred wonderful varieties, for example, a whole series of climbing roses and floribunda.

Roses in Russia

In the history of Russia there is a mention of how they grew up double roses and rose hips in the gardens of the Moscow Kremlin in the 18th century. They were bred in the palace gardens under Peter 1 and Catherine 2. By the end of the 19th century, the first industrial farms appeared, engaged in the cultivation of new varieties. Roses were grown in pots and for cutting. For this purpose, greenhouses were specially built, and with the onset of heat they were planted in the ground. The remontant variety was very popular Ulrich Brunner fils. It was a long-stemmed rose with large cherry blossoms. There are also references to the variety Frau Karl Druschki with magnificent white flowers.

After the revolution and to the present day, the rose has been and remains practically the main garden crop. New varieties are being developed for different climatic zones of our country. Perhaps today we can say with confidence that there is no corner in our country where it has not conquered the gardens of ordinary summer residents and owners of country mansions.

Roses are definitely very beautiful flowers. Where did roses come from? Roses have a very interesting history and legends of their origin.

In many cultures, the rose is considered the queen of flowers and is an object of admiration and worship, a symbol of passionate love.

The first information about this flower is found in ancient Hindu legends. In India, the rose was so revered that kings bestowed great wealth on those who brought them this flower.

No fewer legends about the rose appeared in Ancient Iran. According to one of them, all the flowers came to Allah and asked that instead of the royal but lazy Lotus, a new ruler be appointed to them. And then Allah created a magnificent white rose with sharp thorns.

According to another legend, the rose appeared from drops of Mohammed’s sweat when he ascended to heaven at night. Mohammedans believe in the cleansing power of this flower, and if they see a rose lying on the ground, they will never step on it, but will move it to a clean place. They also attribute cleansing powers to rose water. According to legend, after the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, Sultan Mohammed II ordered the Hagia Sophia Church to be washed from the dome to the base with rose water, and then made a mosque out of it.

Even the great philosopher Confucius sang the rose and worshiped it as a divine flower. In the imperial gardens of China, a huge number of rose bushes grow, and the imperial library contains 500 volumes entirely devoted to roses.

❧ In the garden of the Iranian Negaristan Palace, a unique Eglantheria rose grows, the height of which reaches 6 m, and the girth of the trunk is 70 cm.

Scientists are still arguing whether the rose was known to the ancient Jews. Nevertheless, the Talmud says that a red rose grew from the blood of the innocently murdered Abel. Besides, important element The outfit of any Jewish bride is a red rose. In the 7th century BC e. During the reign of King Ptolemy in Egypt, a lot of roses grew in the town of Arsinoe, from which precious rose water was prepared. When Queen Cleopatra hosted the Roman commander Mark Antony, the floor of the palace hall was covered with a layer of rose petals, the thickness of which was several tens of centimeters.

Ancient Greece was the center of intellectual life of the ancient world, and the rose was also revered there, considering it a gift from the gods. The ancient Greek poet Anacreon tells of the birth of a rose from snow-white foam that enveloped the beautiful body of Aphrodite when she emerged from the depths of the sea. The gods were so amazed by the beauty of the flower that they sprinkled it with nectar, from which the rose acquired its magnificent aroma.

Many legends tell how a white rose turned into a red one. One of them is the Persian legend of the nightingale and the rose. The nightingale fell in love with the rose and, captivated by its perfect beauty, pressed it to his chest. However, the thorns, sharp as blades, pierced the heart of the unfortunate lover, and the petals of the flower absorbed his blood.

An ancient Greek legend tells that the goddess of love Aphrodite ran to her seriously wounded lover Dionysus through the rose bushes. Sharp thorns dug into her body until she bled, which turned the rose petals red.

The rose occupied a special place in the life of many peoples. The Greeks strewn the path of the winners with these flowers, lovers gave them to each other, brides decorated their outfits with individual roses and entire wreaths of them. In addition, the ancient Greeks considered the rose to be a symbol of infinity, so they had a custom of decorating urns containing the ashes of the dead with flowers. In their opinion, the miraculous properties of the rose helped restore beauty, delay old age and protect the remains from decomposition. Knitters of rose wreaths were highly respected in Ancient Greece.

The ancient Romans adopted the worship of this plant from the Greeks. In the Roman Republic, the rose was revered as a symbol of morality. She was also considered the personification of courage, so warriors put wreaths of roses on their heads to get rid of the fear of battle; Prominent figures were also awarded wreaths of roses. A rose branch was often hung above the table, as it was considered a symbol of the god of silence, Harpocrates. Exists popular expression Sub rosa dictum - “I said under the rose,” meaning that what was said is a big secret.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the rose acquired a completely different meaning and became a symbol of fun and drunken orgies, the personification of base feelings. Roman aristocrats stuffed pillows and mattresses with rose petals and covered the floors of their houses with them. The Roman Emperor Nero ordered the walls and ceiling in the dining room to be made rotating and to depict the change of seasons. Millions of pink petals showered the guests, symbolizing rain or snow. Roman emperors admired the scent of roses so much that even during boat trips they strewn the surface of the sea with petals for them.

On the outskirts of Rome, rose plantations grew in place of grain crops, and on its streets there were so many of these flowers that their aroma made unaccustomed people faint.

Due to the fact that in Rome the rose became a symbol of depravity, the first Christians were disgusted by this flower. However, its amazing beauty and delicate aroma eventually regained their favor. White roses became a symbol of St. Mary Magdalene, and the red rose lost its color when Mary shed tears of repentance. In Catholicism, the white rose is considered the heavenly protector of good people.

In medieval France, the rose was held in high esteem and love, so much so that not everyone was allowed to grow this flower. There was a custom according to which every parent, even the poorest, was obliged to give his daughter a wreath of roses. In those days, during baptism, even pink water was added to holy water.

In England in the 15th century. The fratricidal war lasted 30 years, called the War of the Red and White Roses, because these flowers were the symbols of the 2 royal dynasties. Recently, English gardeners developed a special variety of rose, named “Lancaster-York” in memory of the warring royal families. It is distinguished by the fact that white and red roses bloom on its bush at the same time.

In the old days, actors in England wore rosebuds on their shoes, which were attributes of their costumes. Later, the rose became a distinctive feature of the appearance of English dandies - it was customary to wear it behind the ear. Moreover, preference was given to large buds - that’s when the outfit was considered chic. The rose was so popular among aristocrats that even Queen Elizabeth herself wore it behind her ear, and King Edward VII loved this flower so much that during the monarch’s funeral, his wife Alexandra placed a white rose on her husband’s body.

In Germany, the rose was known and revered back in pagan times. One of the legends says that with the arrival of spring, the god of fire Loki begins to laugh, and from this laughter the last frosts occur, the snow melts, and roses appear from under it. Moreover, among the Germanic tribes, the rose was considered the personification of the sword and the mortal wound, therefore, in poetic allegory, rose gardens became a symbol of the battlefield and cemetery.

After the arrival of Christianity in Germany, the pagan worship of this flower was transformed. Thus, one medieval legend says that the Virgin Mary hung her Son’s diapers on a bush to dry and roses bloomed on it. People believed that by touching a rose, a werewolf could become human again, and a witch would expose herself to witchcraft.

❧B botanical garden In the city of Cluj, Romania, a variety of rose was bred with emerald colored petals, reminiscent of the transparent wings of a dragonfly.

Freemasons wore a rose on Midsummer. The symbol of the Rosicrucian Order was the Alexander Cross within a wreath of thorned roses. The Brazilian Emperor Don Pedro founded the Order of the Roses, whose symbol was a pentagon of stars with a wreath of roses inside.

In Russia, they began to decorate gardens with rose bushes only under Peter I, and this innovation reached its greatest flourishing under Catherine II. A story has survived to this day about a family of serfs who were so good at caring for roses that their owner, the count, gave them the free name of the Rozanovs. The head of this family grew roses much better than the Englishman invited specifically for this purpose.

Usually rose petals are colored red, white, pink and yellow, but there are varieties with rare and unusual colors: blue, black, etc. Thus, the black rose has become a symbol of sadness. And recently in Italy they developed a variety of roses called “Purezza”, which means “purity”. It is distinguished by the purest white color of its petals, and the stems of the bush are completely devoid of thorns.

Rose is the general name for all species and varieties of plants belonging to the genus Rosehip (lat. Rosa) and cultivated by humans.

The rose received its Russian name thanks to the Latin word rosa, which sounds the same in many languages ​​of the world. Latin name plants come from Greek rhedon, meaning red. This was the name of one of the most ancient varieties of rose - the Gallic rose, which is really distinguished by its red color.

Rose – description, characteristics, photo

The first to describe a rose ancient Greek philosopher and the botanist Theophastus. He also substantiated the scientific characteristics of wild and garden roses, and also outlined the basic techniques of agricultural technology and propagation. As a result of the tireless work of breeders, today there is a great variety of roses that are striking in their beauty, obtained by crossing and long-term selection of several varieties of wild rose hips.

Depending on the variety, the shape of the rose bush is:

• spreading,
• creeping (ground cover),
• narrow pyramidal,
• drooping.

The height of the rose ranges from 20-30 cm for miniature varieties to 6 meters for long-climbing roses cultivated in hot regions.

• Miniature roses grow up to 25-35 cm;
• The height of polyanthus roses is 30-45 cm (some varieties reach 60 cm);
• Hybrid tea roses and floribunda roses have a height of 30-90 cm;
• Climbing roses reach a length of 2.5 to 6 meters.

Some varieties of roses have bare branches, others are covered with small bristles. Thorny rose bushes may be densely covered with short, straight thorns or covered with large, curved thorns.

Rose leaves can be leathery, dense, glossy or elongated, graceful, with a pointed tip. Leaf color ranges from light green to dark burgundy.

Rose flowers have a diameter of 1.8 to 18 cm, and the number of petals can be from 5 (in simple buds) to 128 in densely double ones. Based on the number of petals there are:

• Simple roses (maximum 7 petals per flower);
• Semi-double roses (from 8 to 20 petals per flower);
• Terry roses (more than 20 petals per flower);
• Full-double roses (more than 60 petals per flower).

The flower shape has several options: pompom (spherical), pitcher-shaped, round, flat, conical or goblet-shaped, cup-shaped, rosette, cross-rosette.

What color are roses?

The color range of roses is replete with the entire possible palette of shades, except pure blue: there are red roses, scarlet, white, cream, apricot (peach), orange, yellow, pink, crimson, burgundy (dark red), dark purple, green , lilac, blue, black roses.

Below are the varieties of roses by color:

White roses: varieties Weise Wolke, Iceberg, Pascali, Avalanche, Frau Karl Druschki, Virgo, Margaret Merril, William And Catherine, Winchester Cathedral, Madame Hardy, Meifaissell, Kent, Panda Meidiland, Gourmet Popcorn, Alba.

Apricot (peach) roses: varieties Grace, Caramella, Crown Princess Margareta, Charles Austin, Bengali, Rosemary Harkness, Bengali, Belvedere.

Light– pink roses: New varieties Dawn, Sebastian Kneipp, Schwanensee, Rokoko, Winchester Cathedral, Queen Elizabeth, The Fairy.

Pink And raspberry roses: varieties Queen of Sweden, Alan Titchmarsh, Spirit of Freedom, Pink Robusta, Jasmina, Maxi Vita, Fortuna, Wedding Bells, Hansa Park, Amulett, Young Lycidas, Johan Wolfgang von Goethe, Louise Odier, Bonica, Terracota, Cameo.

Yellow roses: varieties China Girl, Friesia, Lichtkonigin Lucia, Rugelda, Graham Thomas, Gold Spice, Golden Age, Landora, Arthur Bell, Golden Wedding.

Roses dark– purple colors: varieties Munstead Wood, Falstaff, Ascot, Astrid Grafin von Hardenberg.

Greens roses: varieties Green Ice, Lime Sublime, Greensleeves, Green Diamond, Unique Green Rose, Green Planet, St. Patrick's Day, Jade, Limbo, Melannie.

Brown roses: varieties Black Tea, Julia’s Rose, Chocolate Ruffles, Estelle de Meilland, Leonidas, Coffee Break.

Lilac And purple roses: varieties Rhapsody in Blue, Burgundy Ice, Midnight Blue, Blue Nile, Veilchenblau.

Black roses: varieties Barkarole, Black Magic, Black Baccara, Tradescant. (In fact, these roses are not black, but dark burgundy. They only appear black in certain lighting).

Multicolored roses

In addition to plain varieties, there are many options color combinations. Varieties of multi-colored roses:

• Red and white roses (Stars n’Stripes variety);
• Orange-yellow roses (Colibri variety);
• Creamy pink-orange roses (variety Barock);
• Golden yellow roses with pink edging (variety Talisman);
• Pink-cream-apricot roses (Chicago Peace variety);
• Red-golden-cream roses with stripes and specks on the petals (variety Décor Harlequin);
• White-pink roses (variety First Lady, Eden Rose 85 - Eden Rose 85);
• Creamy yellow flowers with pink edges (variety Gloria Dei);
• Raspberry roses with a white-silver tint (variety Monica Bellucci);
• Terracotta roses with cream-colored spots (Paul Gauguin variety);
• Cream roses with cherry edging (Nostalgie);
• Yellow roses with blushing edges (Pullman Orient Express);
• Yellow-pink roses (Midsummer);
• White roses with a yellow core (Pilgrim);
• Yellow-raspberry striped roses (Broceliande).

Variety Stars n'Stripes

Variety Sunshine Babylon Eyes

Variety Pilgrim

Variety Monica Bellucci

Variety Chocolate Ruffles

There are also varieties of roses that change color during flowering:

• The Sunmaid rose variety changes color from yellow color to orange and red;
• The rose variety Reine des Violette changes color from purple to violet-lilac;
• Rose Pur Caprice (Pur Caprice) has a golden-red color, but over time it acquires a greenish tint;
• Greensleeves roses bloom with pinkish-cream buds that change color to light green;
• The Happy Chappy rose changes color from orange to pink.

Rose scent

Some varieties of roses have an unsurpassed, sophisticated aroma, ranging from the smell of classic Damask rose, citruses, fruits and ending with subtle notes of spices and exotic incense. Other roses, on the contrary, have either a faint scent or no scent at all.

• The aroma of raspberries is exuded by roses Prestige de Lyon, Grand Gala, Mainauduft, Madame Isaac Pereire;
• Roses of the Grisbi and Paul Ricard varieties have the scent of anise;
• Roses of the varieties Caprice De Meilland, Sonia Meilland, Frederic Mistral, Goldelse, Eden Rose have a fruity aroma;
• The smell is emitted roses New Dawn, Zephirine Drouhin;
• The aroma is spread by roses of the varieties Rustica, Madame Hardy, Duftwolke, Princess Alexandra of Kent, Jubilee Celebration, Golden Celebration, Well Being;
• Roses of the Magic Meillandecor variety have a hawthorn scent;
• Winchester Cathedral roses spread the aroma of honey and almonds;
• The Liv Tyler rose has an apricot scent;
• The scent boasts roses Meifaissell and Summer Song;
• Laurent Cabrol roses exude the aroma of bananas;
• The aroma of cherries and melons is spread by Paul Bocuse roses;
• Lady Emma Hamilton roses smell and smell;
• The rose Notre Dame du Rosaire has notes of mango and lemon;
• The Rosemary Harkness rose exudes the aroma of passion fruit,
• Georges Denjean rose smells like cinnamon.

Where do roses grow?

A wild rose species called rose hips grows throughout Europe, Asia and North America. The first ones garden roses appeared in Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece, and beautiful roses arrived in northern Europe only at the end of the 18th century, where they were brought from Asia. The rose appeared in Russian gardens only at the end of the 19th century.

Rose - heat-loving plant, That's why best results Its cultivation can be achieved in regions with warm climates. Nowadays, the leaders in the cultivation and sale of roses are countries such as Holland, Colombia, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Ecuador.

Especially for regions with risky farming, many frost-resistant varieties have been developed that give excellent results when certain agrotechnical standards are observed. Therefore, in our time, roses can be found in any part of the globe.

The modern classification of roses is based not on their origin, which is often lost in the mists of time, but on the biological and decorative characteristics of a class or conditional group. The modern classification of roses was approved by the World Federation of Rose Societies (WFRS) in 1976. Latest version published in Modern Roses XI. The World Encyclopedia of Roses. Academic Press. 2000.

• Species (Sp) - Wild roses
• Old Garden Roses - Old garden roses
  • Alba (A) - Alba Roses (A)
  • Ayrshire (Ayr) - Roses Ayrshire (Ayr)
  • Bourbon & Climbing Bourbon (B & Cl B) - Bourbon roses and their climbers (B)
  • Boursalt (Bslt) - Roses of Boursalt (Bslt)
  • Centifolia (C) - Centifolia roses (centifolia roses) (C)
  • Damask (D) - Damask roses (D)
  • Hybrid Bracteata (HBc) - Hybrids of rose Bracteata (Bq)
  • Hybrid China & Climbing Hybrid China (HCh) - Chinese rose hybrids and their climbers
  • Hybrid Eglanteria (HEg) - Hybrids of rose Eglanteria (Eg)
  • Hybrid Foetida (HFt) - Hybrids of the rose Thetis, or lutea (Ft)
  • Hybrid Gallica (HGal) - Hybrids of rose Gallica, or French rose (Gal)
  • Hybrid Multiflora (HMult) - Hybrids of rose multiflora (Mult)
  • Hybrid Perpetual (HP) - Hybrids of rose remontant (Rem)
  • Hybrid Sempervirens (HSem) - Hybrids of rose Sempervirens (Sem)
  • Hybrid Setigera (HSet) - Hybrids of rose Setigera (Set)
  • Hybrid Spinosissima (HSpn) - Hybrids of the rose Spinosissima (Spin), or hybrids of the rose pimpinellifolia (Hybrid Pimpinellifolia), or small-leaved roses.
  • Miscellaneous OGR (Misc. OGR) - Various old garden roses (Misk)
  • Moss & Climbing Moss (M & Cl M) - Moss roses and their climbers (Moss)
  • Noisette (N) - Noisette roses (Noise)
  • Portland (P) - Portland roses (P)
  • Tea & Climbing Tea - Tea roses and their climbers
• Modern Roses - Modern garden roses
  • Floribunda & Climbing Floribunda (F & Cl F) - Floribunda and their climbers (Fl)
  • Grandiflora & Climbing Grandiflora (Gr & Cl Gr) - Grandiflora and their climbers (Grand)
  • Hybrid Kordesii (HKor) - Hybrids of rose Kordesii (Kor)
  • Hybrid Moyesii (HMoy) - Hybrids of rose Moyesii (Moy)
  • Hybrid Musk (HMsk) - Hybrids of Musk rose (Musk)
  • Hybrid Rugosa (HRg) - Hybrids of rose Rugosa (Rug)
  • Hybrid Wichurana (HWich)
  • Hybrid Tea and Climbing Hybrid Tea (HT & Cl HT) - Hybrid Tea roses and their climbers (Chg)
  • Large-Flowered Climber (LCl) - Climbing large-flowered roses (Plt)
  • Miniature (Min) - Miniature roses (Min)
  • Mini-Flora (MinFl) - Miniflora Roses (MinF), or Patio Roses - Patio
  • Polyantha (Pol) - Polyantha roses (Pol)
  • Shrub (S) - Shrubs (Shr)

Types and varieties of roses, names and photos

The entire variety of roses includes over 3000 varieties and hybrids. Below is short description some types and varieties of roses:

Hybrids of rose Rugosa

This is a class of rose varieties that originate from the rugose hips. Rose inflorescences can be simple, semi-double or double. In some varieties, the number of petals reaches 180. Distinctive features of varieties of this class are high frost resistance and the ability to grow without winter shelter. Due to their unpretentiousness to growing conditions, Rugosa rose hybrids are favorite varieties of park roses.

The best varieties of Rugosa roses:

• rose Queen of the North

Bush up to 120 cm high with light green pointed leaves, single, sometimes repeating flowering. The flowers are double type, intense pink with a purple tint, reaching 7 cm in diameter. This variety of roses is especially popular in Russia, Finland, Norway and Estonia.

• rose Parfum de l'Hay (Perfume de Lay)

Dense prickly bush, height and width from 120 to 150 cm, with repeated flowering. Semi-double flowers, up to 10 cm in diameter, are carmine-red or cherry-scarlet in color with yellow anthers and a pronounced aroma.

Hybrid tea roses

Hybrid tea roses form a group of varieties bred on the basis of (fragrant rose) (lat. Rosa odorata). Most varieties are characterized by increased resistance to diseases and pests, but are significantly susceptible to freezing, so in frosty winters they require reliable shelter. Among the varietal diversity there are compact plants up to 50 cm high and medium-sized plants up to 1 m. The branches are rigid, the leaves of the roses are large and dark green. The color range of tea roses starts with warm pink tones and ends with bright orange and deep burgundy. The flowers are double or densely double, up to 14 cm in diameter, solitary or collected in inflorescences.

The most common varieties of hybrid tea roses:

• rose Julia's Rose (Julias Rose)

An excellent option for cutting: a bush up to 80 cm high consists of erect shoots. Stunningly beautiful rose flowers with a diameter of 5-7 cm are distinguished by their slightly elongated shape and coffee color with a creamy caramel tint.

• rose Peace (Gloria Dei, Gioia)

An excellent shrub for vertical gardening of large areas. IN English language this rose is called Peace (Peace), in German it is called Gloria Dei (Gloria Dei), in Italian its name sounds like Gioia (Joia). A spreading rose bush with a small number of thorns grows up to 2 meters, is unpretentious, and lends itself well to cultivation. Large, double, single flowers up to 13-15 cm in diameter are golden in color with a wide carmine edging of the petals.

Floribunda roses

This is a varietal group obtained by crossing polyantha and tea roses. The group includes border varieties (up to 40 cm in height), medium-growing varieties (up to 80 cm), as well as tall varieties with a shoot length of over 1 m. A distinctive feature of the group is bouquet flowering and semi-double flowers collected in luxurious brushes.

Due to the abundant flowering, Floribunda rose varieties require high-quality soil and a large amount of fertilizing. Roses overwinter well under cover and are moderately to highly resistant to rain, powdery mildew and black spot.

The best varieties of Floribunda roses:

• rose Margaret Merril (Margaret Merril)

The bush is 70-150 cm high and up to 1.2 m wide. The flowers are semi-double, cup-shaped, initially bloom singly, and when they bloom again they form clusters. IN temperate zone Rose flowers are distinguished by the soft pink color of the petals; in hot climates, the inflorescences are pure white, with a pink center. The aroma is spicy or reminiscent of rose oil.

• Rose varietiesRumba(Rumba)

It has bright colors with yellow, pink and orange hues. The height of the rose bush reaches 40-60 cm. The diameter of the flowers is 3-4 cm.

• VarietyApricot Clementine(Epricot Clementine)

A variety with a bush height of 40 to 60 cm. Flowers are 4-5 cm in diameter, soft apricot in color, with a light aroma. The variety is unpretentious in care and frost-resistant.

• floribunda rose variety Angela (Angela)

A vigorously growing powerful shrub up to 80 cm wide and up to 3.5-4 m high with individual flexible branches up to 6 m in length. This rose variety is distinguished by continuous flowering during the season. The flowers are soft pink with a raspberry tint, do not fade and have a light aroma of fruit.

• rose Queen Elizabeth (Queen Elizabeth)

A vigorous bush up to 3 m tall is most common in the south of Russia due to its unpretentiousness and long flowering period. Flowers up to 11 cm in diameter are collected in 3-15 pieces, are distinguished by a soft pink color with a darker underside and a sweet aroma.

Grandiflora roses

This is a group of varieties appearance reminiscent of tea roses, but with abundant flowering, like Floribunda. The plants are erect, practically do not bush, and grow up to 2 m in height. The variety is distinguished by long flowering of double flowers and high resistance to frost.

Popular varieties of Grandiflora roses:

• rose Tchaikovski (Tchaikovsky)(in Australia called Maggie)

It is characterized by intensive growth and abundant flowering from mid-summer to the end of September. The height of the bush, depending on the region, ranges from 80 to 180 cm. Flowers up to 10 cm in diameter have a delicate cream color with an apricot or light yellow center.

• roseLove(Love)

The rose has bright red flowers. Outer side The petals are painted in silvery-white shades. Bush height 80 cm.

Scrubs (semi-climbing roses, shrubs)

Scrubs are a class of roses used in vertical and horizontal gardening. There are 3 informal groups within the class:

• nostalgic scrubs(considered as a type of scrubs and are not officially classified as a separate group), including the group English roses and some varieties of famous German and French brands.

A well-known and popular variety of the group is the rose Cuthbert Grant(Cuthbert Grant), a compact shrub growing to 120cm tall and 90cm wide. Terry purple flowers are collected in neat brushes of 3-9 pieces. The variety is highly resistant to black spot, ash and rust.

• ground cover scrubs(considered as a variety of scrubs and not officially identified as a separate group) form a group of varieties, which is divided into high and low creeping varieties, as well as small and large drooping varieties.

An interesting variety of large drooping roses is the rose Sommermorgen(Sommermorgen), used for borders, in container plantings and for cutting. The bush, up to 70 cm high and up to 1.5 m wide, is strewn with small double flowers of light pink color up to 5 cm in diameter.

Polyantha roses

This species is the result of selective crossing of multiflora and Chinese roses. The flowers of the plant are quite small (3-4 cm in diameter), collected in corymbose-type inflorescences. There are varieties of roses with regular and double flowers of pinkish, red and white tones, which have a pleasant aroma or are completely odorless. Flowering is abundant and long - until the first frost. The height of the highly branched bush, depending on the variety, varies from 30 to 60 cm. Polyanthus roses grow well in open ground, and low-growing specimens are often grown at home. The most popular varieties of polyanthus roses:

• VarietyOrange Triumph(Orange Triumph)

A lush rose bush with densely double flowers of a red-orange hue, having a diameter of 4-5 cm. This variety of roses is resistant to fungal infections.

• Variety of polyanthus rosesThe Fairy (Ze Fairy)

The buds are pale pink. The height of the bush is 70 cm. The width is up to 1.2 m. Up to 10-40 buds with a diameter of 3-4 cm appear on each brush.

• VarietyLittle White Pet (Little White Pet)

Very beautiful roses with white double flowers. The spreading bush reaches a height of 80 cm. The diameter of the flowers is 4-5 cm.

Miniature roses

Plants with low, from 15 to 50 cm, compact bushes, covered with single or collected flowers in inflorescences. The colors of the flowers are quite multifaceted; many varieties exude a pleasant aroma. Miniature roses bloom profusely and almost continuously until frost. Depending on the variety, they are suitable for growing both in open ground and as a potted crop. Beautiful varieties of miniature roses:

• VarietyLittle Sunset(Little Sunset)

A miniature rose with small double flowers of bright yellow color with a red edging along the edge of the petals. Bush height 30-40 cm.

• VarietyMandy (Mandy)

Great option for indoor growing. A dense bush 25-35 cm high is abundantly strewn with double scarlet flowers.

• VarietyLavender Meillandina (Lavender Maylandina)

Rose is 40-50 cm high and up to 40 cm wide. The color of the buds is lilac-lilac, the diameter of the flowers is 4-6 cm.

Flower diameter is 3-5 cm. The buds are yellow. The height of the bush reaches 40-50 cm.

climbing roses

Plants with surprisingly flexible and very long stems from 3 to 6 meters, which are excellent for growing on a support. Among the varietal diversity, there are specimens with ordinary or lush double flowers of a wide variety of colors and sizes. climbing rose deservedly considered the queen of the garden landscape, perfect for vertical gardening, characterized by abundant flowering, not too demanding in care, responsive to competent and timely pruning. Flower growers enjoy growing the following varieties climbing roses:

• VarietySympathie (Sympathy)

A rose with large (up to 10 cm in diameter) double flowers of purple color. The stems reach 5 m in length, the plant is frost-resistant.

• Indigoletta(Indigoletta)

A variety with unusually beautiful and fragrant flowers of a lilac-bluish hue. The plant tolerates frost well and is resistant to diseases.

• climbing rosesHamburger Phoenix(Hamburger Phoenix)

A variety with crimson flowers, individual petals have white stripes. The height of the stems is 3-3.5 meters. The plant overwinters well in harsh climates and is little susceptible to disease.

Miniflora, or Patio roses

Varieties of this species are low-growing (from 40 to 55 cm), with abundant blooming flowers the most varied colors - from snow-white and bright yellow to soft pink and deep scarlet. Compact bushes look great in container-type plantings, which makes the patio rose relevant when decorating private garden plots and city lawns. Popular varieties of roses Patio:

• Variety Heidi Klum (Heidi Klum)

A compact bush with large (7-9 cm in diameter), very fragrant double flowers of bright purple color. The variety is distinguished by abundant flowering.

• Honey Bunch(Honey Bunch)

A very beautiful salmon pink rose with a pleasant delicate aroma. The height of the bush varies from 45 to 60 cm. Width is 45 cm.

• Angela Rippon(Angela Rippon)

Belongs to the group of miniature roses and to the patio group. The flowers are salmon-pink with a strong aroma. The height of the bush reaches 30 cm.

Useful properties of roses

Rose is beautiful and amazing plant, which is actively used for medicinal purposes. Rose petals are the concentration of useful substances; they are collected immediately after the buds open.

Fresh rose petals contain a lot of microelements and minerals useful for the human body:

• essential oils;
• vitamins B, C;
• iron, calcium;
• carotene;
• flavonoids;
• quartzetite;
• tannins.

Thanks to its unique chemical composition, an infusion of rose petals helps to cope with a number of unpleasant conditions:

• treat skin diseases;
• help relieve stress and nervous tension;
• have a mild laxative effect;
• relieve a migraine attack;
• heal wounds.

Perhaps there are not so many myths and legends about any plant as about the rose - this flower appeared on earth many millions of years ago and is still very popular among flower growers all over the world. Roses were revered in Ancient Persia, Greece, and France, but in Russia this flower was long considered a pagan symbol. The high decorative qualities of this plant are glorified in songs, odes and treatises are dedicated to it, and many ancient families place it on their coats of arms.

Legends about the rose flower: where and how these plants appeared

According to archaeologists, roses have existed for approximately 35 million years - this is how the finds of fossilized plants are dated.

The history of the rose flower began in Ancient India: It was from there that the first mention of this plant has reached our days.

One of the treatises says that if a person brought a rose to the king, then according to the law he can ask the king for anything.

This manuscript does not say how the rose flower appeared, but there is beautiful legend, associated with it:

One day, in an open rose bud, consisting of 108 large and 1008 small petals, the most beautiful woman in the world appeared - Lakshmi. The guardian of the Universe Vishnu, seeing her, kissed her and made her his wife.

According to this legend about the rose, Lakshmi became the goddess of beauty, and the plant itself became a symbol of divine mystery and a divine flower.

The first material evidence of where roses appeared was found in the Altai mounds (5th-4th millennium BC) - silver coins with roses carved on them were found in them.

The rose was especially revered in Ancient Iran (Persia), and by the name of the rose - “gul” - this country was often called Gulistan.

There is a myth about rose flowers and the history of their origin:

The Persian legend about the rose plant says: one day the children of Flora came to Allah, complained about the eternally sleepy lotus and asked to appoint a new ruler for them instead; Allah appointed a white rose with sharp thorns as ruler; Seeing the new queen of flowers, the nightingale in delight pressed her chest so hard that he injured himself, and the petals turned pinkish.

The descendants of the ancient Persians came up with a new myth about the rose, according to which White flower grew from drops of sweat of the prophet Mohammed:

When he ascended to heaven at night, a red rose appeared from the drops of sweat of the Archangel Gabriel who accompanied his ascent, and from the drops of sweat of the donkey who was with Mohammed, a yellow rose appeared.

This is where Muslims respect the rose and their belief in the cleansing power of rose water.

Where did the rose come from: myths about the flower

The earliest depictions of roses in Europe are the frescoes of the Knossos Palace in Crete, which date back to the 16th century. BC e. Around the same time, the rose was widespread in Egypt. During excavations of Egyptian tombs from 170 BC. e. wreaths of roses were discovered that were so well preserved that their botanical species was even established.

The ancient Greeks considered the rose a gift from the gods and believed that it emerged from the white foam that covered the body of Aphrodite, emerging from the sea at birth. Having assessed the new beautiful flower, the gods immediately sprinkled it with nectar, thanks to which the rose acquired the finest divine aroma. But the nectar did not make the flower immortal, because evil forces were jealous of its beauty.

The rose remained white until the misfortune happened. Aphrodite received news that her lover Adonis had been mortally wounded by a boar. Without discerning the path, the goddess of beauty ran to the scene of the tragedy. A few drops of her blood fell on the rose, and its petals turned from white to bright red.

Another myth about how red roses appeared says that Cupid gave this flower to the world. Once, during a feast of the gods, Cupid, fluttering, overturned a vessel with nectar, and this magical liquid gave the flowers a wonderful smell and turned them red.

As you can see, every nation has its own legends about where the rose came from, and this adds magnificent flower attractiveness.

The legend where the name “rose” came from

If we talk about where the name “rose” came from, the ancient Greeks are sure that it appeared thanks to the goddess Flora:

According to this myth about the rose, Flora managed to avoid meeting Cupid for quite a long time, but he still overtook her and struck her with his arrow. Flora was inflamed with love, but now Cupid began to avoid her. In response, the goddess created a flower that would laugh and cry, combining sadness and joy. Seeing the flower, she wanted to dedicate it to her beloved and call it “Eros,” but she faltered and said only “grew,” and since then everyone calls this flower a rose.

But this is not all versions!

Another legend about where the rose came from is also associated with Cupid:

Allegedly, the goddess of the hunt, Diana, who was in love with him, once, in a fit of jealousy towards the beautiful nymph Rosalia, killed her, wounding her with thorny thorn bushes. The distressed Cupid, having found the lifeless body of his beloved, began to cry, his tears fell on the thorn bushes and turned into amazing beauty Roses.

The ancient Greeks loved roses; these flowers were used to decorate homes, temples of numerous gods (and first of all, of course, Aphrodite) and public buildings, chariots and streets. They were worn on the head in the form of wreaths as a sign of mourning; they were used to clean monuments and urns with ashes, as they believed that the smell of a rose would protect the remains from destruction and would be pleasant to the souls of the dead.

From Greece the rose came to Rome, where it also became a favorite flower. The Romans grew roses for their petals. The petals were filled with aromatic pillows, added to perfumes, food, cosmetics, and on holidays the floors were strewn with them. In ancient times, the technology for making aromatic oil from rose petals was already known.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the rose was forgotten for a while, because it was considered a pagan symbol by Christians. In the Middle Ages, roses returned in popularity and, as paintings from that time show, they even became part of the cult of the Virgin Mary. During prayer, the monks fingered rosary beads made from dry rose hips.

How many varieties of roses are there?

Numerous varieties of roses appeared at the end of the 18th century.

Few people know another one interesting fact about roses: It turns out that even Napoleon was involved in rose growing. He invested huge amounts of money in growing roses. His wife at the Chateau de Malmaison collected the best collection of roses at that time.

It is known that cultivated roses originated from wild flowers. The most common of these is the rosehip, or "dog rose", native to Northern Europe. In the 14th century, the Crusaders brought Gallic and Damask roses to Europe from the Middle East. They became the progenitors of, as they now say, ancient varieties.

And only in the 18th century did Chinese roses come to France and then to England. They were distinguished by a longer flowering period.

The efforts of breeders at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries were aimed at developing varieties with repeat flowering, and these efforts were rewarded by obtaining a group of new varieties of roses, the so-called remontant (repeating flowering).

And by crossing remontant roses with tea roses and varieties of tea roses with each other, roses were obtained.

This group of roses with abundant long-term flowering, graceful double fragrant flowers, distinguished by a rich variety of colors, has become very widespread and now occupies a leading place in the assortment.

Polyantha roses with a lush inflorescence of small flowers were formed as a result of crossing with one of the low-growing Chinese roses. Polyantha and hybrid tea varieties produced roses with large flowers in inflorescences.

Varieties of modern roses appear constantly. Breeders have created a group of park (shrub) roses. Among them there are ground cover varieties, the care of which is minimal, and many of them are rooted.

How many varieties of roses are there in the world? Currently, the world assortment of roses includes about 25 thousand varieties and forms. And, despite how many varieties of roses are already cultivated, more and more new varieties are being added to this number.

Roses have been held in high esteem by all nations since ancient times. The Romans considered roses a symbol of morality, the Greeks planted rose gardens around the temple of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, and strewn the path of the newlyweds with pink petals. And rose water was one of the most common cosmetics.

Description of the rose plant and its photo

Here you can find a photo and description of the rose - one of the most beautiful flowers on the ground:

Roses are a separate genus of the Rosaceae family, which unites various types of cultivated (roses) and wild (rose hips) species.

The description of a rose flower cannot be unambiguous, because these plants are very different in appearance: they are erect or creeping multi-stemmed shrubs, ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 m in height, and some evergreen climbing species reach 10 m. Woody stems and shoots are almost always covered with thorns of various sizes and shapes.

The only similarity in the description of the rose plant is the structure of their leaves: they are all complex, imparipinnate, in most species they consist of 5 - 7, sometimes 9-11 leaves.

Flowers of various colors, bisexual, solitary or collected in umbellate-paniculate inflorescences. For many garden species they form on one-year-old wood. They bloom several times during the summer.

The fruits are nut-shaped, with a dense woody shell, ripen in August-September. They contain from 3-5 to 100 or more seeds. Widely used in medicine.

Roses are distinguished by the shape of the bush, the aroma and color of the flowers. That is why they are used in a wide variety of plantings, combined with other plants, or gardens are created only from roses ().

Rose is a member of the Rosaceae family. Today, this genus includes about 400 species of wild roses, about 1000 subspecies and more than 30 thousand varieties. And every year there are more and more varieties and hybrids, and it becomes more and more difficult to classify them. This huge economy requires systematization, and this process is ongoing.

For many years there was confusion in the international rose growing community, as the standards adopted in each country differed significantly. For decades, work has been going on to compile a unified classification of roses, and in 1976, the World Federation of Rose Societies approved a unified classification of roses, which was based on their decorative and biological characteristics, and not on their origin.

Since then, of course, changes have occurred, new varieties are added to the list, new groups are included.

Such systematization is of practical importance not only for science, but also for every gardener: knowing which group a particular variety belongs to, the gardener can figure out what conditions the plant needs, where it is best to plant it and how to care for it.

All people, and especially the female half, love flowers. After all, this is one of the most beautiful works of nature, which never ceases to amaze with new forms and shades every time. And, of course, this especially applies to the queen of all flowers - the rose. About her and we'll talk in our article.

History of roses

This ancient plant, like a rose, of course, has a long history, shrouded in many secrets and legends.

Origin of the word

Initially, the name of the flower in ancient Persian sounded like “wrodon”. Further in ancient Greek it was transformed into “rbodon”, and in Latin it acquired the familiar and familiar name “rosa”.

Cultivation history

History claims that the birthplace of the flower is Ancient India. There, the person who brought the king a rose could ask him for anything. The plant was used in all ceremonial and religious ceremonies and was truly majestic. From the East the flower came to Ancient Rome. Roses began to be grown there, despite the fact that the main purpose of the gardens at that time was production useful plants(for consumption in food, in the form of medicines, etc.).
With the collapse of the empire, the main gardening passed to the monasteries. Although keeping flowers solely for aesthetic pleasure was not common, roses occupied a place of honor and were included in the list of plants recommended for planting. The rose was also observed in Ancient Greece, where it was also highly revered. She came there either from Rome or directly from the East. After the capture of Constantinople and Crusades previously unknown plant varieties appeared in Europe. By that time, the flower was actively grown, and its image was present in heraldry and architecture.

Did you know?The largest number of roses are sold on Valentine's Day. The number of flowers sold throughout the planet reaches 3 million.

Description of the plant

Different varieties differ in colors, shapes, aroma, but they all have common characteristics by which one can easily recognize a rose among other flowers.

Shapes of bushes and shoots

The ground part of the rose includes the following components:

• main stems;
• shoots of different order;
• flowers.

Leaves

Several leaves are attached to the petiole (most often 5-7, but sometimes their number reaches 15). Each type has leaves of different texture, size and shape. In most cases, their color is rich green, rarely purple or with a copper tint. The edges can be either solid or jagged. The surface of the leaf can be from completely matte to glossy.

Spikes

Thorns are formations on shoots that perform protective function. They can be very large and very small. Sometimes there are roses covered with small prickly hairs.

The spikes themselves can have different shapes:

• straight;
• sickle-shaped;
• curved down;
• flattened.

Did you know?A special variety of roses was developed in Japan« Chameleon»: During the day the flower is bright red and at night it turns snowy white.

The buds of this flower have a large number essential oil, therefore often used in the preparation of premium tea. This additive creates an incredible aroma and also enriches the drink with various beneficial substances, of which there are many in its composition.

Flowers

Flowers are located at the top of the shoot or along its entire length and can be:

• single-flowered;
• multi-flowered;
• few-flowered.

• single color;
• two-color;
• mixed;
• striped;
• multi-colored;
• painted.

• cone-shaped (goblet-shaped);
• spherical;
• cup-shaped;
• rosette-shaped;
• pompom;
• flat;
• square;
• open;
• boat;
• with a loose center.

Did you know?Rose oil is included in 98% of women's and 48% of men's perfume products.

Fruit

Wild species and some garden species are covered with small fleshy fruits after flowering. Sometimes this happens when the bush has not yet bloomed. This creates a very beautiful and sophisticated decorative effect. The fruits themselves come in several forms:

• round;
• oval;
• bottle-shaped.

Classification of roses: what types of roses are there?

Over the long period of its existence, the rose has changed a lot, and in this process various types have formed. They are all different from each other and were bred for different purposes.

Park and garden

The park species is considered one of the most successful acquisitions for the garden, because it is the one that has high winter hardiness and is able not to die during the period of cold weather and snow. It has its own characteristics:

• the bushes sometimes resemble thickets of rose hips up to 2 m high;
• many varieties are not particularly distinguished by the exquisiteness of their flowers;
• have a rich aroma and bloom profusely throughout the season (starting in May);
• the fruits are not only decorative, but also useful for humans;
• have a large number of hard spines.

Single, terry, semi-double

Simple (not double roses) bloom briefly and once a season. But the flowering itself is very abundant. They have a large number of fruits, which create a beautiful autumn decorative look bush. It is not recommended to plant such roses in close proximity to the house, terrace or paths, since almost the entire season you will have to observe an ordinary green bush. Double flowers are particularly lush. Representatives of this type are found in both hybrid tea and hybrid polyantha rose species. They are distinguished by a longer flowering period, while being very abundant. Semi-double is a mixture of single and double.

Color mixtures

Over the years of selection, the plant has changed a lot; on the modern market you can find not only monochromatic flowers, but also multi-colored ones. Petals may be striped, have different colour on both sides, the colors can smoothly transition into one another or even combine more than two in one bud.

Garden, cutting, potting

Garden roses are considered to be all varieties that were bred during the active selection of a given plant. This is the most numerous section, containing many copies. They are varied in color, size and aroma. Cut varieties were specially bred as plants for creating bouquets. They are varied in color, have more large flowers and strong aroma.
Many people prefer to grow just such roses to use them in home decoration or as a gift. Roses in pots are an excellent solution for connoisseurs of the beauty of this plant. They have many options in color and shape, and the ability to create a comfortable climate makes their flowering long (they begin to bloom earlier and end later than outdoor plant varieties).

Basic rules and features of rose care

Of course, caring for such a plant has its own rules and secrets that will help ensure a luxurious appearance and a long life for the flower in various conditions.

All about landing

An important factor in the future well-being of the plant is proper planting.

Important!You should buy seedlings only from trusted sellers. The plant must be healthy in appearance, free from mold, stains, damage and wrinkled or drying shoots.

In order for everything to go successfully, it is necessary to take into account several points that affect the future quality of the bush:

1. Place - the site should be chosen in the south, with sufficient sun, protected from the winds. The plant prefers elevated areas and does not like close proximity to groundwater.
2. Soil preparation - the soil must be dug up, well-rotted manure (in no case fresh!), ash and lime must be added if the soil is acidic.
3. Preparation of seedlings - trim the bush, leaving 4-6 buds. For hybrid teas, leave only 2-3 eyes, and for park ones, a third of the shoots are removed, and the root system is approximately equalized with the ground part of the bush. Before boarding better than a day keep the plant in water, because it is not known exactly how long ago it was dug up.
4. Planting in spring is carried out in May. It is necessary to prepare the planting hole several weeks in advance to allow the soil to settle. Its depth should be 60-70 cm, since the bush needs enough space to grow. If the climate is humid, then the seedling is lowered into the hole and covered with earth, and watered from above. If the climate is arid, the seedling is covered with earth mixed with water. This way the root system takes root better.
5. Planting in the fall - it must be done before the end of September. The autumn period is less favorable for planting, since it is difficult to find high-quality seedlings and choose the optimal temperature for planting them in the ground. It is carried out according to the same principle as in the spring. It is important to deepen the root collar 2-3 cm into the ground. This will give the plant a better chance of surviving the winter. At the end of planting, be sure to thoroughly water the fresh plantings.

How to care for roses

Proper and timely care is a must when growing roses. After all, neglected plants will not produce beautiful and abundant flowers or may even die.