Self-insulation of the loggia. The main types of materials and methods of warming the balcony and loggia

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The process of warming the room itself is very important, since with the help of such repairs drafts and cold are removed, and the space of the connected room is also expanded. But it is not enough just to put double-glazed windows and cover the cracks and holes with mounting foam. It needs to be warmed up. To save money in your wallet, it is better to insulate the loggia with your own hands, step by step photo instruction presented in the article will help to get the job done.

Amazing balcony with ecological materials

Initially, you need to select building materials. It is important to remember that not only thermal performance, but also may depend on the selected components. If the building material is too thick, it will steal usable area.

Note! Any material for heat preservation must be environmentally friendly, as well as comply with thermal and steam characteristics.

The room can be insulated with the following materials:

• Penofol . An excellent substitute for mineral wool. It has a multi-layer coating, which also has a reflective effect.

• polyurethane foam . Perfect for balconies. It ignites very poorly, made from environmentally friendly materials. Installation is done by pouring.

• Styrofoam . A fairly economical choice of material and also very effective for a balcony.

• Isover . Issued in the form of sheets. Made from mineral wool, with glass fiber particles.

As a rule, expanded polystyrene is mounted on the walls and ceiling. It is good to use it, because its properties have a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, as well as a small thickness. It cuts perfectly with a kitchen knife. An alternative option is foam. For cold winters, sheets 10 cm thick are suitable, for mild weather it is better to use 5 cm.

Related article:

Do-it-yourself preparatory work and insulation of the loggia: step-by-step photo instructions

Before the main process, preparatory work should be done. Only then will it be possible to do the insulation of the loggia with your own hands, and a step-by-step photo instruction will help with this. This will require:

• Select those places that will be accurately processed. In any case, you should definitely process the parapet. Walls can be processed as needed. If there are no neighbors on the sides, then they also need to be covered with building materials. Often the walls are all insulated.
• Before repair, everything must be taken out and the surfaces cleaned.
• It is recommended to change windows and install double-glazed windows if there are none.
• Next, you need to lay wiring for sockets, lamps and switches.
• The next step is to select a material.
• After selecting the material, you can proceed to work with the floor, walls, then the ceiling.
• Upon completion, finishing work should be done.

Fastening for thermal insulation, can serve as an adhesive composition, and dowels. If an adhesive composition is used, then in the process of work it will be necessary to glue the bonding area and the material itself.

Helpful advice! The resulting seams, which are obtained directly in the process of insulation, should be filled with mounting foam.

Penoplex and how to insulate a loggia with it

Many people dream of converting a balcony into a full-fledged room. But in order for the use of such a room to be comfortable, it will need to be insulated. As a rule, in apartments, parapets have thin walls. In this regard, on initial stage will need to be demolished and laid out on a new one. Thus, the wall will turn out thicker, and therefore warmer. It is recommended to use a brick, which is placed on the adhesive composition with an edge. Silicate brick is ideal for such masonry.

After the fresh masonry has shrunk, you can proceed with the installation of windows. To do this, it is recommended to use the services of professionals. Next, you can move on to warming. will be installed on the ceiling, walls and floor. Following the instructions, you can get started:

• Cooked pieces should be placed in the frame. You can also not create a frame, but mount the plates immediately on the walls using special mounting fungi.

Helpful advice! Plates should be adjusted so that they become tightly one to one. This will get rid of the cracks, which means that it will be much warmer on the loggia. It is recommended to go through the joints with mounting foam or sealant.

• Reflective insulation should be placed on the walls, ceiling, and floor. Penofol is ideal. Joints are recommended to be glued with foil tape.

• After that, the balcony will be ready for final finishing. To do this, you can use lining made of wood or plastic, or install other panels.

We do it with our own hands. How to insulate the floor on the loggia?

The floor should be treated first, and then all other surfaces. The work process is as follows:

• It is necessary to properly clean the floor from debris and dust.
• Next, you need to close up any holes or cracks with foam.
• Now you should use a thin one and put it on the entire floor. Lay it in such a way that there are no joints or there is a minimum number of them.
• When the first layer is laid, you need to walk along its perimeter with building foam, including joints and seams. Then the second layer is laid by analogy.

• Now you can mount the frame from wooden beam. The distance between the bars should be about 50 cm.
• The formed distance should be filled with polystyrene. The thickness of the insulation will depend on the thickness of the timber. Ideally when they are flush.
• Next, you need to cut the penofol to the size of the balcony and lay it with the foil side up, but so that it peeks out about 20 cm on each wall.
• Now you can fix the floor boards to the bars and mount the decorative coating.

As an option, the floor can be installed underfloor heating or loggias can be made with penoplex.

Insulation of the ceiling and walls of the loggia

For almost all types of premises, the insulation of walls and ceilings is the same. Thus, the walls are insulated like this:

For, foam is best suited. The process is carried out by analogy to the walls and floor.

Insulation of the loggia from the inside: what is better to do?

For selection the right material There are some important factors to consider:

• The purpose of the room.
  • If the balcony will be used as a pantry, then you can use any building material, mounting it in 1 layer.
  • When the balcony turns into one room, it is necessary to use different building materials, which are stacked in 2 layers, over the entire area.
  • If there is a combination with the room, then you need to use a two-layer insulation. Walls can be made in one layer, and special attention should be paid to the parapet.
• Using heaters for interior decoration, the usable area will be smaller, so this factor should be taken into account.

The choice directly depends on the factors described and the tastes of the owner of the premises.

Finishing work

Finishing work needed. This is due not only to the aesthetic appearance, but also affects the protective factors. If we are talking about outdoor decoration, then the parapet can be covered with corrugated board or siding.

Internal work, can be anything. It all depends on preferences and imagination. But it is worth noting that finishing the loggia inside with your own hands will bring more pleasure and joy. Often the work is done using PVC panels. You can also stick wallpaper or just paint the walls. The loggia looks very good in wood trim. It will be not only beautiful, but also environmentally friendly.

Article

The shortage of residential meters is an urgent problem for many residents of high-rise buildings. Unlike a private house, which can be expanded by adding new rooms or even a second floor, it is almost impossible to increase the size of an apartment without resorting to an exchange. The only way out in this case is to insulate the loggia or balcony.

Do-it-yourself loggia insulation today is the only possible option increase in living space apartment building. Let us consider in more detail the whole process of turning the loggia into a full-fledged room. Before you insulate the loggia with your own hands, you should draw up a phased work plan.

Design features of the loggia

Many people consider the architectural terms "loggia" and "balcony" to be synonymous. However, this is far from being the case: these two architectural elements have a different design, although they have the same purpose. Therefore, the insulation of the loggia is somewhat different from the insulation of the balcony.

The balcony is a remote structure, located on the balcony slab, protruding beyond the boundaries of the facade of the house. The loggia, on the other hand, is structurally a niche, as if "recessed" in the depths of the facade and occupying most of the outer wall apartments. Accordingly, at the balcony three sides are external, while at the loggia only the front part faces the street. Therefore, warming loggias with your own hands will require less time, effort and money.

Stages of work on thermal insulation

Loggia insulation

So, we warm the loggia with our own hands. The whole complex of works is carried out in several steps - only in this case it is possible to ensure high-quality insulation of the loggia. The entire workflow consists of the following steps:

• façade glazing;
• sealing seams and joints;
• waterproofing device;
• installation of a heater;
• wiring of heating, electricity and other communications;
• decorative finish.

In order for the thermal insulation of the loggia to be as effective as possible, an integrated approach to work is necessary. If you neglect any of the stages of thermal insulation, you can put all your work down the drain.

Glazing

High-quality glazing is one of the main conditions for turning a loggia into a warm room. From the thermal insulation performance of the window group, almost 50% depend on heat loss from the interior.

Facade glazing can be both warm and cold. Cold is, as a rule, single-layer - that is, it consists of a wooden frame with one layer of glass or a single-chamber double-glazed window. The main task of such systems is protection from street dust and rain. Due to the high level of heat loss, such structures cannot act as thermal insulation. This will require the installation of special warm glazing.

Warm glazing provides for the installation of more frost-resistant systems. These are two-frame wooden windows or multi-chamber double-glazed windows of plastic windows. Warm windows, in addition to excellent thermal insulation properties, have whole line additional benefits:

• high levels of sound insulation;
• good waterproofing;
• excellent protection against street dust.

Parapet reinforcement

But, like any other design, warm windows have their drawback - a large mass. Therefore, before installing them, you must make sure that the enclosing parapet can support their weight. For any doubt regarding bearing capacity it is recommended to make additional strengthening of the fence.

The easiest way to do this is with metal corners, pipes or fittings. To do this, use a perforator to clean small areas the surface of the carrier plate in such a way that part of its reinforcement is exposed. We make holes in the slab every 1 - 1.5 m, depending on the thickness of the metal profile used. Metal reinforcement racks are welded to the reinforcement of the slab, which are connected at the top with a steel angle or channel.

The load-bearing concrete slab is designed for a certain load, therefore, when reinforcing the parapet, do not use excessively massive metal profiles.

Setting up window groups

When choosing window groups for the loggia, you need to focus on minimum performance winter temperatures in your area. So, for example, the thermal insulation properties of double-glazed windows will be quite enough for Krasnodar Territory or Crimea, but for Siberia it will be necessary to choose glazing with 4 - 6 cameras.

Since the installation of windows, especially plastic systems, is a rather complicated work that requires special qualifications, it needs to be entrusted to professionals.

You should not save on this important work and try to install the glazing yourself: poor-quality work can lead to a number of problems in the winter months.

Preparing the loggia for the installation of insulation

Wall putty instructions

As before any finishing work, before installing the insulation, the necessary preparation of the internal surfaces should be made. This includes:

1. Cleaning walls and ceilings from the remnants of old finishing materials.
2. Installation of waterproofing.

Wall and ceiling cleaning

The next stage after the glazing of the facade is the cleaning of the internal surfaces from old whitewash and painting. Using a scraper or a metal spatula, we remove all flaky and fragile trim elements.

Particular attention in this work should be paid if you decide to fix the insulation sheets with an adhesive. If the walls or ceiling are covered with smooth oil enamel, it is also advisable to remove it with a scraper. If the paint is too tight, you can apply to remove it grinder or make notches on the surface with a construction pick or an old hatchet.

With this, it is possible to significantly improve the adhesion of the adhesive composition to the surface when sticking sheets of insulation.

Sealing cracks and crevices

The next step is to carefully seal all joints and cracks. This will prevent cold winter air from entering the room, which is fraught with the formation of condensation between the insulation layer and the wall. And this, in turn, leads to the appearance of mold and fungus.

To seal small cracks, you can use ready-made putties or dry putty mixtures, the choice of which is quite large in any building supermarket. Large gaps can be sealed with mounting foam or cement mortar(plaster or concrete).

Waterproofing is another milestone preparation of internal surfaces for the installation of insulation. Its purpose is to protect the loggia from the penetration of moisture from the outside through the smallest pores of concrete or brick. And this is again the accumulation of moisture under the insulation, mold and fungus.

Can be used for waterproofing roll materials bitumen based. This is a well-known roofing material and its modern derivatives. Sheets of roofing material with the help of special bituminous mastics are pasted over the inner surfaces of the outer walls, the upper and lower concrete slabs, that is, the floor and ceiling of the future room. Joints of sheets of roofing material should overlap and be well smeared with glue or mastic.

For the same purposes, you can use special liquid mastics on bituminous or polymer base, which, after being applied to the surface of the wall, harden, forming a moisture-proof film. Such mastics are applied with a brush or roller.

The work on their application should be carried out at positive temperatures so that the composition lays down evenly, covering the wall with a thin layer.

Ceiling insulation

After all preparatory work We begin work on the direct insulation of the room. For more information on ceiling insulation, see this video:

Some apartment owners do not take the insulation of the ceiling slab seriously enough. But, in this case, huge heat losses through the concrete ceiling slab can negate all your work on turning the loggia into a full-fledged interior room.

• penoplex (extrusive polystyrene foam);
• penofol (foil polyethylene foam);
• mineral wool.

Frame device

Before you start fixing the foam to the ceiling, you should install the frame. It will serve as the basis for the ceiling sheathing in the future. decorative panels or drywall. To do this, you can use wooden bars of the required thickness.

The thickness of the bars should match the thickness of the insulation that you are going to attach to the ceiling slab. You can also use a metal profile for drywall as frame elements.

Bars or elements of a metal profile are attached to a concrete slab by means of dowel-nails or metal hangers. First, longitudinal elements are attached, running along the loggia. They should be mounted in at least three rows - two threads along the walls and one in the center.

For standard width typical loggias of one meter will be quite enough. After that, we proceed to the installation of the transverse elements, attaching them every 0.5 m. As a result, we get a frame in the form of cells measuring 0.5 x 0.5 meters. If it is planned to sheathe the ceiling with materials that are stronger than drywall, then the step of the transverse bars can be increased to 1 m. We insert a heater cut to the desired size into the resulting cells.

The same frame is created for other insulated surfaces - walls and floors.

Styrofoam and foam

Styrofoam is produced in sheets and can have different densities. Lighter and less dense foam should be used if you are going as finishing use drywall sheets plastic panels, chipboard, etc.

If you are going to putty the ceiling and paint it, then it would be best to use a denser type of foam - with a density of about 25 kg per cubic meter. Such sheets are quite durable and more resistant to external influences.

Styrofoam can be attached to a concrete slab in two main ways:

1. With the help of polymer or cement adhesives.
2. Fasteners - suspensions and dowels.

In the case of using adhesive compositions, the surface of the plate must be thoroughly cleaned of various contaminants, dust, peeling paint, plaster and whitewash. The foam sheet is cut to size. Construction adhesive is applied in a thin layer around the entire perimeter of the foam sheet, as well as pointwise in several places along its center. After that, the sheet is inserted into the frame cell.

Another option for attaching foam sheets is with plastic dowel-nails with a wide hat. To do this, we insert the prepared foam into the frame and, using a perforator, make holes in the plate for the dowel in several places, through it.

We insert the dowels into the holes and fix them by hammering plastic nails-pins into them. For 1 sq. m sheet of foam will be quite enough 4 - 6 dowel-nails. In exactly the same way, a penoplex is installed in the frame, which has greater density than styrofoam.

All joints between sheets of insulation should be carefully puttied to avoid possible heat loss.

Penofol

This heater is a novelty in our market. Its main feature is excellent thermal insulation qualities with a thickness of only 5 - 10 mm. Penofol consists of foamed polyethylene foam, on which metal foil is glued on one or both sides.

The polyethylene base is a foamed polymer containing closed air bubbles, which significantly reduces its thermal conductivity. The function of the foil is to reflect heat radiation. As a result, penofol 0.5 cm thick can replace a 10 cm layer of mineral wool.

The peculiarity of fixing penofol is that there must be some distance between it and the outer skin. It is not allowed to press it to the base - in this case, its thickness decreases sharply, and the thermal conductivity increases.

To avoid this, penofol should be mounted on special U-shaped hangers or crates. In this case, the material is covered on the first, longitudinal layer of the rails and pressed against the second, transverse layer.

The foil side must always face the inside of the room.

mineral wool

Mineral wool can be made from glass or stone fibers and come in rolls or slabs. Its density can also be very different, and the method of its attachment to the base depends on this. On the insulation of the balcony with mineral wool and penoplex with your own hands, see this video:

Less dense rolled mineral wool is attached mainly with the help of rails that press it against the surface of the slab or wall. More dense mineral plates can be mounted with plastic dowel-nails.

use the same adhesive compositions for fastening mineral wool is categorically not recommended - due to its ability to delaminate easily, the adhesive connection will not be reliable.

Among the main disadvantages of this material can be noted its hydrophobicity. It tends to absorb and accumulate dampness. When wet, mineral wool loses its thermal insulation qualities, and also breaks up into individual fibers and deforms. For an expert opinion on whether mineral wool is dusty, see this video:

Another not very pleasant feature of mineral wool is the release during operation a large number mineral dust. Dust, getting on the skin and mucous membranes, can cause severe allergic reactions in the form of itching and burning.

Therefore, when working with mineral wool, it is necessary to use protective equipment: tight overalls, a respirator, goggles and gloves.

Insulation of floors and walls

Insulation of the floor and external walls of the loggia is carried out in approximately the same way as the ceilings. Initially, a frame crate is constructed, into the cells of which the insulating material is inserted. True, these works have their own characteristics.

Exterior walls

When constructing a thermal circuit on a loggia, it is necessary to insulate not only the external fence-parapet, but also the side walls. Especially if these walls are external, and not shared with internal rooms.

If you make thermal insulation of the front part of the loggia according to all building rules, then you need to fix the insulation to the parapet with outside. In this case, freezing of concrete or brick wall, and the so-called "dew point", the place where condensation forms when warm and cold air collides, shifts outward.

If, however, we insulate from the inside of the room, then condensate will form between the wall and the layer of insulation - to protect against this, the waterproofing arranged by us earlier serves.

But the insulation of the front part is far from always possible. Firstly, it requires the availability of special equipment and a team of trained professionals. Secondly, for such work, permission should be obtained from the architectural committee of the city and from the managing organization, since the facade of the building is common property.

And if it overlooks the main street, then unauthorized violation of the unified architectural appearance of the building by installing insulation on the walls can be considered as an administrative offense.

floors

Insulation of floors is desirable to produce denser types of insulation. Dense foam or extruded polystyrene foam is excellent for these purposes.

Before laying the insulation on the floor, you should also mount the frame, the cells of which will be filled with insulation. But, unlike the frame on the ceiling and on the walls, on the floor it should be made of thicker and more durable bars, and the step between them should be reduced to 0.5 m. This will allow the flooring to withstand the weight of several people and the furniture that will be placed in room.

Mounted on the frame flooring in the form of thick plywood or boards. From above, they can be covered with laminate, parquet and other decorative elements.

Another option for floor insulation is the creation of a concrete screed over the insulation. For this, foam plastic is ideal, having a density of up to 35 kg per cubic meter, which is twice the density of foam. In this case, you can do without mounting the frame.

Penoplex is laid in two or three layers directly on the base plate in such a way that the joints of the sheets of the two layers do not coincide with each other. Fiberglass is glued over the sheets plaster mesh or reinforcement is made in the form of thin metal bars. After that, a layer of concrete mortar or ready-made self-leveling floors is poured and leveled.

Ceramic or granite tiles, laminate, etc. can be used as a finishing floor covering.

Line of communications

In order for the loggia to become truly warm, heating will be required here. It should be said right away that you should not try to install here heating radiators and connect them to the central heating system. According to operating standards apartment buildings, the owner of the apartment does not have the right to arbitrarily make changes to the contours of the heating system.

Therefore, the most real option electric heating systems will be installed. In this case, “warm floors” proved to be the best. This system consists of insulated wires that, when connected to the power supply, begin to heat up. As a result, the floor of the room is heated, and the air is already heated from it.

The main advantage of the underfloor heating system is that the most comfortable temperature here is created in the lower half of the room, where people usually stay. Underfloor heating can be produced in two versions:

1. In the form of insulated wires, which are intended for shelter in the thickness of the concrete screed.
2. In the form of ready-made rolls that can be laid directly under the floor covering.

Among the others effective options heating loggia can be called infrared refractors. In this case, the room is heated by infrared radiation, which transfers thermal energy to the internal surfaces of the room, from which the air is heated.

Such heaters are placed for greater efficiency on the ceiling or on the walls and can be made in the form of panels or a special film.

decorative trim

After all the work on the insulation of the loggia has been completed, you can proceed to the final stage of work - to the decorative finish. As a finishing material for new warm room you can choose exactly the same that is used to decorate the rest of the rooms of the apartment.

The most functional option is drywall. With it, you can create any decorative surfaces and structures: from multi-level suspended ceilings to arched ones. entrance groups and decorative niches.

Plastic ones would also look good. Wall panels, dropped ceilings from polyvinyl chloride. Among the latest innovations, it is possible to note the finish with an array of cork wood. Do not lose their relevance and classic options finishes in the form various kinds wallpaper or wooden slats- wagons.

In general, options decorative finishes huge multitude. Therefore, the choice of style, design and material can be left to the taste of the owner of the apartment. The main thing is that the design of the new room completely suits the owner, then this albeit small room can become a favorite corner for relaxing or working.

The loggia could well be called an additional room in the apartment, but, unfortunately, many people use it only in summer time, since it initially does not have insulation, and heating batteries are not brought there.

Polyurethane foam is sprayed onto the walls with the help of special equipment, and profile companies are engaged in such insulation.

However, before inviting them to spray such a heater, the walls must be prepared by making a crate on them. It will be a kind of frame for a sprayed and expanding heat insulator, as well as for fixing a decorative finishing material.

The advantage of this method of insulation is that when sprayed, the material, expanding, closes all the cracks, making the surface absolutely not blown through, without cold bridges. Polyurethane foam covers not only the walls, but also the ceiling and floor.

Video - How polyurethane foam is sprayed

Design solutions for the design of the loggia

I would like to show several options. Perhaps, having started the process of turning a cold room into a usable area, someone will be inspired by one of the ideas developed by the designers.

In this case, a standard loggia with a small footage is presented, transformed into cozy room recreation. Here you can retire with a book or laptop and delve into reading. If a large family lives in an apartment, usually each of its members does what they love, and sometimes it is difficult to find a cozy place to sit in silence. An insulated loggia will be an ideal option for this.

In such a room, you can place a small TV and enjoy your favorite programs or sit with needlework, comfortably picking up on comfortable armchair legs. The main thing is that extra space appears, which can serve all family members in turn for doing what they love.

This option is suitable for apartments in which the door to the loggia is arranged in the kitchen. In this case, it can become a dining room, especially since most of the kitchens in the apartments are very small.

If apartment owners often like to hold parties, the loggia window sill can easily replace the bar counter.

You can also have a romantic dinner here. Evening city, which offers a wonderful view, and pleasant summer air will create the necessary mood for this. In winter, it is pleasant to sit at the counter, sipping coffee and looking at the opening wide panorama outside the window.

Glass sliding doors installed between the kitchen and the loggia will help to combine or delimit the premises, depending on the need.

In this version, it was combined with the living room, and the wall, which previously served as a separating element between the two rooms, became a unifying one, as it was transformed into a comfortable table.

The area of ​​the former loggia in this layout can be used as an office with a comfortable desk, as well as hobbies when you don’t want someone to interfere.

And, of course, the combination of the loggia and the room will increase the total space by opening big window. The room will be more illuminated, which will help save on electricity.

Additional living space can be adapted to various activities, for example, to make a winter garden on the loggia, a workshop or a computer room. Therefore, if the apartment is equipped with a loggia, but it has not yet been insulated, you need to urgently get down to business and expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200byour home due to the unused functional premises.

Video - How the loggia is insulated

Creating a favorable microclimate on the loggia involves not only wall insulation, the entire space must be airtight. The floor and ceiling surfaces are also sheathed with a material with a low degree of thermal conductivity. In our article, you will learn how to properly insulate a balcony from the inside.

• self-insulation (personal experience)
• . The most useful from youtube
• On the example of Moscow

The choice of heat insulator

Advantages and disadvantages are inherent in each type of thermal insulation. In order to choose the most suitable insulation, you should compare the main characteristics of heat insulators.

The most common options for heat insulators:

• Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex);
• Foamed polyethylene (penofol);
• Polyurethane foam (PPU);
• Styrofoam;
• Mineral wool.

Mineral wool

The thickness of the sheets varies from 2 to 20 cm. Mineral wool is divided into three types, depending on the components of the raw materials:

• Stone;
• slag;
• Glass.

An example of a mineral wool device on a loggia. The material is placed in the prepared structure. The frame for mounting can be made of metal profiles or wooden bars.

Manufacturers produce cotton wool in the form of mats and soft rolls. In some cases, one side is covered with foil. Aluminium foil improves the level of thermal insulation.

When laying mineral wool, the foil side should be directed into the room. This principle allows heat to be reflected off the aluminum cladding and returned to the room.

The main disadvantage is that moisture acts destructively, a vapor barrier device is necessary.

Pay attention to the integrity of the mineral wool packaging before buying. Moisture adversely affects the properties of the heat insulator. For high-quality insulation, it is necessary that the space of the loggia be dry.

Polymer-based insulation

Penoplex, polyurethane foam, polystyrene, foamed polyethylene are polymers treated with foamed compounds.

Advantages:

• The presence of gas bubbles provides not only good level thermal insulation, but also the small weight of the plates;
• High degree of moisture resistance;
• The materials are durable;
• Antifungal resistance;
• Simplicity and convenience when laying plates or sheets, as well as rolls (polyethylene foam);
• An economical repair option, subject to the choice of foam as a heater.

Main disadvantage: support the spread of flame in a fire, emit harmful substances in the process of combustion.

When choosing foam and other materials based on polymers, it is necessary to correctly select the thickness of the plates and determine the density

If you plan to use the space in winter, in this case, choose a thickness of 50 mm. Density is determined by further coating - a value of 25 kg / cu is suitable for putty. m.

1. Styrofoam sheets

Insulator plates (expanded polystyrene) in the process of laying.

Styrofoam refers to budget methods loggia insulation, however, it is considered a rather fragile material, so a crate is required for installation. Worthy replacement is extruded polystyrene foam; its installation does not require the creation of a special frame.

2. Penoplex

Extruded polystyrene foam boards (thickness 50 mm) are used as insulation. The seams between the elements are sealed with mounting foam. Penoplex is attached with the help of special dish-shaped dowels ("fungi").

3. Penofol

The material is used as a separate heat insulator, and with the help of penofol it is possible to provide a vapor barrier of expanded polystyrene. Due to the foil side, warm air is reflected and retained in the room.

In order to speed up the insulation of the structure, you can use an alternative method of thermal insulation - spraying polyurethane foam (PPU).

4. Polyurethane foam

PPU is one of the most modern heat insulators. The cost of application services is considered high compared to other analogues, however, many have managed to evaluate the performance properties of PPU. This insulation is characterized by high thermal insulation performance, due to the finely porous structure.

Polyurethane foam spraying is carried out by specialists, on installation work one day is enough, it also does not take much time to dry completely.

The main stages of work on the insulation of the loggia space

In order to increase the usable area in your home and operate the premises all year round necessary:

1. Close the gaps, if any. Carefully study the room to eliminate all design flaws. As a rule, the gaps are filled with mounting foam, even if they are of a significant size.

After complete drying, it is necessary to trim the excess.

2. Glazing with reliable double-glazed windows.

3. Arrange a waterproofing layer. To protect against moisture, waterproofing with penetrating properties is used - Penetron, Aquaton, etc. The composition is applied with a roller, brush, or sprayed. Such impregnation penetrates into the thickness, so the walls become maximally resistant to adverse weather, and strength characteristics are improved.

The device of the waterproofing layer allows you to eliminate the most minor surface cracks that may not be visible visually.

5. Installation of a vapor barrier layer. In order to make a vapor barrier, special polymer membranes (“breathing”) should be used, as well as films “Rockwool”, “Izospan”, penofol.

When using penofol, lay the insulation in such a way that the side covered with foil is directed into the room. Under this condition, the heat will be constantly reflected from the foil, lingering inside the space.

FROM detailed description each stage can be found in the article: .

Balcony decoration

Purposes of creating interior decoration:

• External masking of the heat insulator;
• Organization of a favorable internal environment in the room.

To create an interior balcony, you can choose various options finishes. Plaster, plastic panels, MDF, lining, plywood, plasterboard sheets and even a block house are perfect for the finishing layer.

The lining panels are environmentally friendly and reliable. One of the main advantages of the finishing material is rigidity. The lining is fixed on a wooden frame crate.

The walls of the loggia are lined with clapboard, the flooring is laminate.

Facing the balcony with a block house.

The plastic panels have grooves for connecting elements. Plastic variant lining has less rigidity and strength than wood.

Installation of GKLV sheets on metal profiles. Plasterboard slabs can be decorated with wallpaper, painted, or lined with decorative plaster.

Wall decoration with wallpaper over GKLV sheets.

Bamboo wallpaper. The basis for finishing - drywall.

Video

1. The result of warming the loggia.

Glazed balcony. Demonstration of electrical outputs. Testing the strength of extruded polystyrene foam. The use of foam plastic with a thickness of 30 and 50 mm, wall finishing with putty. Concrete screed floor over insulation boards.

2. Stages repair work on the balcony.

Sequential process of arranging the premises. Scheme of thermal insulation of walls with foam plastic and foamed polyethylene, finishing - plastic panels. Floor: leveling, thermal insulation, OSB cladding, installation of laminate lamellas.

Each owner of an apartment with a balcony can be considered a happy person to a certain extent. Due to this part of the apartment, you can expand the area of ​​​​your home. The balcony can be used not only as a place to store old things. With some effort, you can arrange an office there.

However, in order to create a room on the balcony with comfortable conditions, in which one could be without outerwear in winter, it is necessary to take care of its additional warming. There are quite a few options for thermal insulation of this building. Which one to choose, each owner decides for himself. Consider the most common ways to insulate a balcony to turn it into a multifunctional room.

Basic concepts when working on the insulation of a balcony

First you need to separate the two closely related concepts of "balcony" and "loggia". Many people confuse them, believing that there is no difference between them. However, there is a difference.

If we talk about the balcony, then it is a remote type structure that completely goes beyond the building. The floor on the balcony is a concrete slab, which is built into the wall. Along its perimeter, it has a metal lattice fence. In the process of warming the balcony, this the grille can be sheathed with any material, namely:

• plastic;
• plywood;
• steel sheets.

But the loggia is a room in which only one side is open. It can be fenced with a parapet made of:

• metal;
• bricks;
• concrete;
• plastic.

How to insulate a balcony yourself: insulation scheme and work plan

If you set out to do the insulation of the balcony with your own hands, then you need to start work by creating a glazing structure. For the reason that the balcony is on the street and when created, it is not isolated in any way, therefore, when glazing it, it is best to use frames with double-glazed windows. Those people who live in regions with a harsh climate, the best choice There will be triple glazed windows.

By using insulation on the balcony, the effect of a "thermos" should be created. For this you need to create high-quality insulation for the next room. Usage modern materials will keep the heat on the loggia.

Work order

If we talk about the technology of warming balconies in general, then we note next steps that it includes.

When the glazing structure is installed, work is done to seal all the cracks. For this use mounting foam or resort to the help of sealants. If the gaps are too wide, then they are covered with pieces of plywood or foam is used.

Further All surfaces must be waterproofed balcony from the inside. The market offers big choice materials for effective solution this task. For example, you can use roofing felt, which is overlapped and glued to the base. Used for gluing joints gas-burner. In addition to roofing material, liquid penetrating substances can also be used. One of the most popular is penetron. It is applied to the surface using a brush or roller. After that, it is necessary to fix the insulation.

When this is done, go to the vapor barrier device. To create it, you can use polyethylene foam with a foil layer. The fastening of this material is carried out end-to-end. When it is laid, it is glued with aluminum tape.

Then they move on to finishing the ceiling and walls of the future room. What materials to use in these works, the owner decides. After that arrange the floor. He might be:

• bulk;
• concrete;
• wooden.

Note that the above insulation scheme for your new room is universal. It can be used for a balcony or loggia. The main thing is to adhere to all stages and perform them in correct sequence. Should not be used when thermal insulation works something inexpensive. In this case, the insulation will be of poor quality and will not last long.

How to insulate a balcony from the inside: the easiest ways

When the task is to perform high-quality insulation of the balcony, you can use one of several methods. The choice in favor of a certain one will depend on the further use of the insulated balcony.

On technical properties materials must be guided when choosing a heater for thermal insulation of a balcony. There are quite a few materials on the market, and they all differ in their characteristics. The most important of them are:

• coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• composition;
• structure.

Insulation of the balcony with foam

Penoplex is a material belonging to the group of extruded polystyrene foam. It has high thermal conductivity and excellent moisture protection. In addition to this, his positive quality is the flexural and compressive strength. Manufacturers offer it in the form of slabs, in which the thickness can vary from 20 to 100 mm. Plates of this material are smooth and with a surface on which there are protrusions according to the tenon-groove pattern. The use of the latter provides a simple fixing of the material.

If harsh winters are a frequent occurrence in your area of ​​​​residence, then in this case, when choosing a penoplex, preference should be given to plates with a large thickness. If you live in a region with a mild climate, then when insulating a balcony, a foam board up to 40 mm thick should be used.

Penoplex fastening methods largely depend on which finishing material will use the owner for insulation.

If your plans include lining your future room with drywall or using plastic panels, then in this case you can fix the insulation boards with plastic dowels which look like a mushroom.

Experts recommend using dowels with a length of 8 to 10 cm when fixing such a heater. If the owner plans to finish the attached room with plaster, then in this case, in addition to attaching to the glue, it is necessary to additionally fix the foam on the dowels.

The process of installing foam insulation

Work on fixing the insulation on the balcony begins with fixing the plates on the surface with a preliminary waterproofing layer.

The assembly of the plates is carried out end-to-end or resort to the tenon-groove scheme.

We note such a point: foam boards are not intended for fixing to a wooden crate. The device of such a system does not provide heat retention in room. Therefore, if in your plans you use drywall for covering the balcony, then in this case the insulation is mounted according to the above method. Then the vapor barrier is installed. Next comes the crate, on top of which the finishing material is fixed.

At the moment, many experts call penoplex the most suitable material for thermal insulation of the balcony. The main reason is its high strength. If this material parameter is not so important for you, then you can save money on heating if you choose more affordable option- Styrofoam.

How warm will it be in your new room with arranged thermal insulation, largely depends on the floor. Therefore, the task of its insulation should be approached with all seriousness. If the work is done incorrectly, then all finishing activities carried out in this part of the apartment will be nullified.

First of all, you need to decide what material to use for insulation. floor surface. Expanded clay is not recommended for this, because it has low thermal insulation performance and to create good insulation a layer of considerable thickness will be required. But even then, it won't be enough. Not the best option is mineral wool. The use of this material requires a good vapor barrier. Therefore, the most suitable choice is sheet foam.

Usually the installation of the balcony floor is performed with a slight slope. This is done in order to ensure the drainage of water. But since the balcony will be completely isolated from the external environment, when creating it, you can make the floor strictly horizontal.

Stages of work

The first thing to start with is laying penofol on the stove. It should be metal side up. Thanks to him, the reflection of heat on the balcony will be provided. After that, wooden bars 40x40 cm are fastened. When placing them, you should maintain a step of 50 cm.

Further between the bars it is necessary to firmly insert the foam sheets, and the gaps that have arisen should be repaired using mounting foam. Then the second layer of bars is laid perpendicular to the first. This will create an air cushion.

Next, they proceed to the installation of moisture-resistant plywood, which is located on the top layer of the timber. When it is laid, it remains only to install the flooring. It can be laminate or linoleum.

According to the same scheme, you can carry out the insulation of walls and ceilings.

Heating on the balcony

To on your balcony where you arrange living room, it was always warm, it is necessary to install an additional source of heating. Previously, this function was performed on the balcony by heating batteries, which were connected to a centralized heating system. This is currently prohibited. However, there are other options for heating the balcony, which will create a comfortable temperature on it.

If the balcony will not be used permanently as a room, then an electric heater can be a suitable source of heat. To install such a device, only need an extra outlet in the apartment and powerful electrical wiring, which must be able to withstand the additional load.

If there is not enough area of ​​​​the apartment for arranging a study or winter garden then you can add some square meters if you complete the insulation of the balcony. In this part of the apartment, after thermal insulation, you can arrange a study or increase the area. existing room. It is not so difficult to carry out work on thermal insulation. The main thing is to know the technology for creating the design of insulation and use quality materials. In this case you can get extra room in which it will be warm regardless of the weather outside.