Calculation of a house from a bar. Calculator for calculating the materials of a log house with siding, a slab prefabricated-monolithic foundation, a wooden-beam ceiling, a corrugated roof Calculation of a house from a bar

10:0,0,0,260;0,290,260,260;290,290,260,0;290,0,0,0|5:171,171,0,260;0,171,111,111;171,290,160,160|1134:220,160|1334:146,39;146,122|2255:0,155|2155:65,0;65,260;206,260|2422:290,50;290,99|1934:211,-20

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Layout example 8x7 m for calculation	Structural scheme
		1. Wooden beam 150x150mm; 2. slab mineral insulation d=100mm; 3. plastic siding; 4. Ventilation gap d=20-50mm; 7. Floor beams d=150-250mm; 8. Roof made of corrugated board; 9. Foundation made of monolithic concrete slab and prefabricated blocks h=1.8m;

Timber wall with siding panels and interlayer thermal insulation

Timber wall

The high popularity of wooden-log construction among our fellow citizens is predetermined by the traditional character, accessibility and health-improving aura of forest housing construction.

The features of a wooden dwelling have been proven to normalize the amount of humidity, within the range of 45-55%, to saturate the premises with phanticides, and also to have a calming effect on the psyche of people.

It should be noted that recently there has been undoubtedly a growing interest in molded, in particular, in prefabricated glued lumber material, which is characterized, in comparison with non-glued solid wood, by increased (due to adhesive joints) heat-saving and strength abilities, as well as significantly lower shrinkage. . Without a doubt, the minus that slows down the mass use of glued laminated timber is its tangible price, which, nevertheless, is more than justified by its long service life.

In construction warehouses, it is possible to see timber products of sizes 140x140, 100x100, 120x120, 150x150, 180x180, 200x150, 150x100, of which the most used is the size of 150x150 mm, since it has an optimal ratio of structural characteristics and low cost, as well as the laboriousness of installation, expressed by the number inter-row joints.

The standard scheme for assembling a house from a bar:

• First, on the foundation, covered with a waterproof film, along the contours of the walls, a lower beam row is installed, which is connected by a tie-in into a spike at the corners and at the docking points of the internal partitions.
• In order to join the logs together, dowels are used - round oak or birch dowels with a diameter of 3.0-4.0 cm, which are installed effortlessly into holes made through three rows of beams, every 0.3 ÷ 0.4 m. quite often, dowels are replaced big nails(25 ÷ 30 cm), with the indispensable execution of a groove in the upper log, 30 ... 40 mm deep, where the nail is finished, to compensate for the linear compression of the lumber during shrinkage.
• To prevent windows and doors from deforming during the shrinkage of a wooden house, door and light openings are framed in vertical sections with "casing" - racks-profiles. In this case, a U-shaped spike is sawn out at the ends of the rows of timber, along which the said timber profiles move, due to the corresponding recess. Technological gaps are arranged above windows and doors, filled with fiberglass or felt insulation.
• When erecting walls, log rows are laid with a seam seal (flax, hemp, jute, flax-jute, felt, tow), which after 9-12 months (or when the log water content reaches 12-15%) will have to be caulked again to minimize heat loss through inter-beam joints.
• When choosing interior decoration seasonal deformations of timber-log walls should be taken into account and, when installing inelastic cladding (for example, drywall sheets), avoid direct connections with timber wall, by adding suspended buffer frame structures.

siding cladding

If all-season residence is planned, the log-beam cottage should also be overlaid with thermal insulation. Usually from outside vertical position, attached wooden logs, with a size of 100x50 mm, with an interval of 400-600 mm, between which a heater is laid (for example, such as: P-175, Ursa, Izomin, P-125, Knauf, Rockwool, PZh-200, Isover, Izorok), after which a hydro is laid - and windproof film (Izospan, Yutavek, Tyvek), fixed with a counter-lattice, 25 ÷ 50 mm thick, along which a decorative false wall is attached (painted lining, DSP panels or plastic siding).

Due to the fact that the vinyl siding profile changes quite a lot linear dimensions during fluctuations temperature regime, then you need to use loose fixing of vinyl records.

Today, plastic siding manufacturers (for example, brands: Nordside, Varitek, Georgia Pacific, Docke, Vytec, Snowbird, Tecos, Ortho, FineBer, Gentek, Mitten, AltaProfile, Holzplast) offer a rich color palette that makes any home look different from the rest.

It is important to consider that PVC siding can retain its attractive appearance. appearance and serve for a long time, only under the condition of punctual execution of the installation instructions.

PVC siding is resistant to chemical, atmospheric, mechanical factors, does not corrode, does not support combustion.

The PVC profile in case of fire only melts, igniting when heated to at least 390 ° C (moreover, the tree is already at 230-260 ° C), quickly extinguishing when the heating source is removed, and the volume of carcinogenic heating products is not more than during smoldering wooden structures.

Basic technological rules for fixing PVC siding:

• When hanging the next siding strip, click it by the locking ledge with the underlying strip and, without pulling, fix it with screws;
• In order to mask the seams, hinge vinyl panels it is better to do it starting from the back wall of the building, moving to the front wall, and each subsequent siding strip will cover the one already installed in the row being performed, by about 2.5 ... 3 cm, for the same purpose, the resulting joints, for adjacent rows, need to be shifted horizontally.
• Mounted siding plates should move easily to the right and left, for this, do not tighten the screws in the mounting slots until they stop.
• In places where external communications are carried out (wires, brackets, cables, pipes), as well as at connection points plastic panel and fittings (H-profile, inner corner, outer corner, architraves, etc.), it is necessary to provide cuttings, about a centimeter, to ensure thermal contractions or expansions of PVC siding.
• In order not to interfere with thermal screeds and stretching and, thereby, not to provoke pitting of the PVC material, screw self-tapping screws or nail nails into the siding profile should be in the center of the finished factory holes.
• Vinyl profiles are fastened from the bottom up, according to the instructions, a special starting profile is first installed.

Slab reinforced concrete foundation with prefabricated strip

The slab-side base is arranged along the perimeter of the outer walls of the building in the form of a solid reinforced concrete slab, on which standard concrete blocks are placed.

The type of foundation under consideration is practiced in low-rise buildings to form the basement of a house, on unstable lands, subject to a low level ground water. In waterlogged areas, side walls the foundation should be made in the form of a continuous reinforced concrete tape, using waterproof coatings: gluing, coating, impregnation.

Along with this, the prefabricated block system of vertical foundation walls, according to the already finished reinforced concrete slab, is optimal for fast construction rates, as well as for the manufacture of the "zero" cycle in the cold period.

Standard execution sequence one slab foundation side parts in the form of a prefabricated reinforced concrete tape:

• First of all, the earth is dug to the design depth.
• Crushed stone, 40/60 size, 150-200 mm thick, is poured onto the resulting sub-base, and carefully compacted.
• Sand-cement pouring is carried out, 50 mm thick.
• A waterproof film is spread with an extension along the edges of 180-200 cm, for lateral waterproofing of the sidewalls of the foundation base.
• To protect the moisture-proof layer from possible ruptures during welding of the reinforcing structure, a second layer of cement mortar, 40 mm thick, along the perimeter of which formwork is placed along the height of the foundation slab.
• The formed slab is reinforced with two rows of welded iron rods of diameter Ø14 type AII with a step of 20x20 cm.
• For the slab foundation, only ready-made concrete, grade M300, class B22.5, transported by a concrete mixer, is allowed.
• The duration of concrete hardening (when it is already permissible to install a perimeter of FBS blocks) is at least 4 weeks in warm weather.
• The installation of wall blocks is carried out relative to the axial lines, along two mutually perpendicular walls, controlling the alignment by theodolite. Prefabricated blocks are sent by a truck crane to the "bed" of the mortar.
• Installation is more correct to start with laying beacon blocks at the intersections of the axes and in the corners of the building. It is worth proceeding with the arrangement of linear blocks only after controlling the position of the landmark blocks along the horizon and level.
• On the last row of FBS blocks, in plank formwork, a reinforcement-reinforced mortar screed is produced, 250 mm high.

Beam-wood floor

Floors from wooden beams traditionally popular in cottage construction, due to the convenience and cost-effectiveness of their manufacture.

Under the logs, wood is traditionally used conifers(for example: spruces, larches, pines), with a moisture content of not more than 14%. It is known that the most durable beam is a bar with an aspect ratio of seven to five (for example, 0.14x0.10 m).

When calculating lumber for flooring, it is necessary to be guided by special tables that take into account the dependence of the beam structure parameters on the span size and loading; or you can start from the simplified rule that the width of the beam should be about 0.042 of the width of the room, and the thickness should be 5 ÷ 10 cm, with a laying step of beam boards of 50 - 100 cm and a load of 150 kgf / m².

With a shortage of a lag of sufficient size, it is permissible to use bolted boards, while leaving the overall size unchanged.

Characteristic moments of the installation of a beam-beam ceiling:

• in wooden log cabins, the edges of the beam beams are hemmed in the shape of a funnel, and then they are driven into the finished opening of the upper crown to the entire depth of the wall.
• The lag setting is performed in the following sequence: first, the first and last, and then, with control over bubble level, all remaining. Beams should be led onto the wall structure by at least 15-20 cm.
• In order to avoid possible rot damage that can occur during steam diffusion in the masonry niche, the ends of the beam boards are sawn off at an angle of about 60 °, coated with an antiseptic solution (Biosept, KSD, Teknos, Senezh, Pinotex, Cofadex, Tikkurila, Biofa, Aquatex, Holzplast , Tex, Kartocide, Dulux) and cover with roofing material, keeping the end open.
• Beam bars are set aside at least 5 cm from the wall, and the distance between the bars and the smoke channel should be at least 40 cm.
• Usually, in brick structures, the edges of the beams are located in masonry openings in which moisture condenses, for this reason, between the end parts of the beams and the masonry, they leave space for ventilation, and with a significant depth of the groove, another layer of thermal insulation is installed.

The interfloor ceiling is not insulated, the basement ceiling is thermally insulated with the installation of a vapor barrier membrane on top of the thermal protection, and the ceiling of the upper level is thermally insulated with a vapor barrier layer underneath the insulation.

Since the task of constructive reliability of wood-beam interlevel ceilings is basically removed by an obvious increase in the cross section of the lag and their number, then with fire resistance and noise insulation everything does not look so clear.

One of the options for improving the soundproofing and fire-retardant parameters of wood-beam interfloor ceilings consists of the following items:

• From the bottom of the bearing logs, at an angle of 90 degrees, with the help of spring brackets, after 0.30-0.40 m, metal profiles are fixed - a crate, on which gypsum fiber boards are suspended from below.
• On top of the fabricated lattice structure, a synthetic film is laid and fixed with a stapler to the beams, on which mineral fiber slab insulation is tightly laid out, for example: Isover, Isorok, Knauf, Ursa, Izomin, Rockwool, with a layer of 5 centimeters, with a rise to the vertical surfaces of the floor beams.
• In the rooms of the upper level, chipboard sheets (16 ÷ 25 mm) are screwed onto the beams with self-tapping screws, after that, a high-density basalt fiber sound insulator (2.5 ... 3.0 cm), and again, floor preparation plywood slabs are laid.

Profiled roof

The corrugated material is sheets of trapezoidal molded metal, painted with a zinc layer, which are marked with symbols such as B-45, HC44, HC35, MP-35, H57, H44, H60, HC18, C-21, where the numbers indicate the size of the profile section.

The main benefits of a corrugated roof, in comparison with metal tiles, are the minimum costs and speed of execution.

To decorate the roof, corrugated board with a corrugation amplitude of 2 cm is used to ensure the required strength and economical use of the sheathing material. The working angle to the roof horizon is considered to be at least 1:7.

The roof is installed on load-bearing structure, folded from crate preparation and truss elements.

During the construction of private buildings, a 2.3-span structure with inclined roof trusses and intermediate support walls.

The supporting ends of the rafters are lowered onto the Mauerlat with a section of 10x10-15x15 cm; the interval between the rafters is usually made about 600-900 mm with a section of the rafters 50x150-100x150 mm.

The standard procedure for installing sheets of profiled metal:

• A roof using profiled steel corrugated sheets, like every other roofing base made of rolled steel, when arranging a warm attic space, provides for the use of an under-roofing waterproofing membrane, such as: Izospan, Stroizol SD130, Tyvek, Yutavek 115.135, TechnoNIKOL, which covers the inter-rafter heat-insulating material from running off condensate water.
• The waterproof membrane is installed horizontally, from bottom to top, with an inter-tier overlap of 10 ÷ 15 cm and a sag between the rafter legs of about 20 mm, with further gluing of the seam line with adhesive tape.
• To remove unnecessary inter-tier joints, the long side of the profiled sheet is chosen to be similar to the transverse size of the roof slope, plus 20 ... 30 centimeters, taking into account the overhang.
• The interval between the bars of the crate is determined by the slope roof slope and thickness of the profile relief: if the profile grade is S-8-S-25, and the slope is steeper than 15 °, then the gap between the purlins is 400 mm, and for the nomenclature NS-35÷NS-44 - about 0.7÷1.0 m .
• In order to avoid lifting the corrugated sheets during gusts of wind, their fastening should be carried out from the extremely lower corner of the end section of the roof, opposite to the prevailing direction of the wind flow.
• The corrugated sheets are fixed to the boards of the lathing with galvanized self-tapping screws, 28 ... 40, Ø 4.8 mm long, with sealing washers, into the deflection of the wave, and the ridge corners, on the contrary, into the crest of the wave. On the eaves, fixation takes place on all lower zones of the profile relief, and the consumption of screws is considered to be 6÷8 units. per m2 of profiled material.
• The longitudinal overlap of corrugated sheets should be performed in one wave, but with a roof slope of less than 12 degrees - in two corrugated waves.

Building a house from a bar opens up a lot of advantages for its owner, the main of which is the environmental friendliness of the chosen material. The process of calculating and choosing the material precedes the construction of the house, and we will talk about it further.

Timber house - varieties and advantages

Making houses from timber is becoming more and more popular. Since this material is harmless, and even beneficial to health. Living in a house made of wood has a beneficial effect on well-being. Since, exactly, wood is able to regulate optimal level humidity in the room.

For the manufacture of timber, solid wood is used, from which rectangular beams are cut. The most commonly used material is coniferous trees. Since they are distinguished by the highest level of resin content, which makes the material more durable and prevents it from rotting, thereby increasing the service life.

There are two types of timber:

• ordinary type;
• profiled.

The standard type of timber is a timber with a square or rectangular section. The procedure for manufacturing profiled timber is more complicated, as it requires cutting out locks, grooves and ridges. This beam is more convenient in connection and the room that is made from it has the highest thermal insulation characteristics.

In relation to the structure and production technology of timber, the following material is distinguished:

• whole;
• glued type.

For the production of the first version of the beam, the presence of solid trees is required, from which the beam is cut. To make a glued-type beam, it is necessary to have boards of a certain size, which are glued and pressed together. For additional resistance to decay, antiseptics are applied to the boards, and then interconnected with resin. This type timber is more resistant to cracking, but not fireproof enough. It is possible to manufacture glued laminated timber using various kinds of wood, for example, spruce and pine. In the process of gluing, the main thing is not to allow the fibrous parts of the boards to coincide with each other, since the beam, in this case, becomes less durable.

In addition, in the process of manufacturing glued beams, boards on which defects are present are not used, but replaced with new ones.

The most important and indisputable quality of any type of timber is its environmental friendliness. Since solid wood is used for its manufacture, which has all useful properties natural wood. When comparing glued and solid timber, then the second option is more environmentally friendly, since the resins used for gluing glued beams emit toxic substances in small quantities.

Although in architectural terms, the use of glued laminated timber is more convenient. Since with its help it is possible to build buildings of any shape. The standard length of glued laminated timber is 6 m, but there are cases when logs reach a length of 15 m.

A house made of profiled timber allows you to hide communications by cutting out special niches. The building, in the manufacturing process of which glued laminated timber is used, is more fire resistant, since in the process of its manufacture each of the boards is impregnated with fire-resistant mixtures, which make it incombustible.

Among the disadvantages of making a house from a bar are:

• if the material is not properly dried, it is not able to perform all its functions with high quality;
• requires constant application of impregnations that improve it quality characteristics, otherwise, the tree begins to rot and deteriorate;
• glued laminated timber has a very high cost, which is its big drawback, although it is fully justified by the complexity of its manufacture and durability in operation.

How to calculate a beam: features of the implementation

When buying a bar, its cost is measured in cumobetry. Therefore, for glued laminated timber calculation or edged board also use this unit. To determine the amount of material needed, you should first find out its size. For example, with a width of 15 cm, a length of 6 m, and a thickness of 10 cm, the number of logs is determined by dividing one cubic meter by the volume of the beam. One cubic meter of this timber contains 11 logs.

The calculation of the amount of timber per house involves the determination of materials for its various sections.

The first to be calculated are the ceiling and floor beams. When building a house on unstable ground, it is advisable to replace the floor on beams with a monolithic base. Otherwise, the use of wood is recommended. The standard size of the ceiling beams and floor type is 10x15 cm. The step of their laying is not more than one meter. For maximum strength, beams should be cut into each other in a vertical position. To calculate the total length and number of required beams, you must perform a series of actions:

• divide the total length of the house by the step of laying the beams, and then subtract 1.

For example, if a house has a length of 6 m and a width of 5 m, with a laying step of 1 m, the beams are calculated as follows: 5/1-1=4 pieces.

The beams are produced in a standard length of 600 cm, which is the same as the length of the house.

The next stage is the calculation of the cubature of the beam, for the construction of the truss system. We offer an example of a calculation option for a straight gable roof. In this case, the installation step of the rafter is 600 mm, and the angle of inclination is 45 degrees. For the manufacture of rafters, a material with a cross section of 10-15 cm is used. Please note that with an increase in the angle of inclination, the amount of snow that accumulates on the roof in the winter decreases, and the load on the building decreases, although the resistance of the roof to the wind also becomes less. Therefore, for regions with increased windiness, it is recommended to build a roof with a low angle of inclination, and in places with a lot of precipitation, in the form of snow, it is better to give preference to a roof with high level tilt.

In order to equip the rafter system, you must first install two rafter legs, and then fix them with a beam. Next, the rafters are installed.

If the value of the run of the house is 1000 cm, and the angle of inclination is 45 degrees, then in order to calculate the length of the rafter leg, it is necessary to calculate the sum of the legs squared. Given value will be 424 cm. For the construction of each triangle, you will need to purchase 850 cm of material.

To calculate the number of triangles, we divide the total length of the roof, which is 1000 cm, by the laying step - 60 cm, and subtract one, we get 16 pieces. Now we multiply the number of triangles by their length - 16 * 850 = 13600 cm. In addition, one should not forget about the run, which is 1000 cm, we add it to the main value and get 145 m of wood. If the cross section of the beam is 5x15 cm, then to calculate the number of cubic meters, you need 145 * 0.15m * 0.5 \u003d 10.9 cubic meters.

The calculation of the beam load on the surface of walls, gables and internal partitions is carried out in relation to the building project. When carrying out the calculation, one should proceed from one approach to calculating the material for internal partitions and walls. All elements must be converted to geometric figures and based on the formulas for each determine their area. If there are openings in the form of windows and walls, their area should be determined. Subtract the opening area from the pre-calculated wall area, multiply the resulting value by the wall thickness and you will get the amount of material that will be needed to build the wall. After calculating the value for each of the walls, summarize the results.

The calculation of the strength of the timber depends on its weight, which is affected by the rock and humidity. The latter value is determined by the percentage of the amount of water in the tree. The humidity value determines the quality of drying and storage conditions of the material.

Dry wood is a material that has been dried under technological conditions, or stored in warm and dry rooms for a long period of time.

Raw wood is called a tree that begins to dry. If the material contains equilibrium moisture, then it is classified as air-dry wood. When the material is stored in conditions of high humidity, it takes the form of a wet or freshly chopped tree.

The construction of a house with the use of timber is easier to carry out calculations, compared with houses made of logs. In addition, the use of timber opens up before the owner of the house a large number of options for finishing both the interior and exterior of the building.

In relation to the cross section of the beam, materials are distinguished: 12x12, 15x10, 18x18, 20x15, 15x15, 10x10, 14x14. Most optimal size timber for building a house 15x15 cm. Since it is this type of timber that has an acceptable cost and high thermal insulation characteristics. In addition, this beam is easy to install and easy to operate.

The use of a profiled beam with such a section will allow you to build an excellent house that will serve its owner long years. The only drawback of this beam is its high cost, therefore, when calculating a profiled beam, you should be extremely careful not to make a mistake and not spend a lot of money.

To correctly calculate the amount of material with which you want to build a house, use the formula:

A * B * C \u003d number of timber

A is the length of the wall;

B is the height of the wall;

C is the thickness of the material.

For example, for the construction of a house, the length of which is 8 m, and the width is 6, using a beam with a section of 15x15, calculations are carried out according to the formula: 2 (6 + 8) \u003d 28 m - the value of the perimeter. The height of the wall is three meters, so this value is multiplied by the perimeter, we get 54 m. Now we multiply the result by the cross section of the beam, which is 0.15 m, we get 8.1 cubic meters. Therefore, this will be the value of the quantity necessary timber to build a house.

How much timber is needed to build a house

Factors on which the amount of timber for the house depends:

• type of timber used in the construction process;
• the amount of timber in one cubic meter;
• house design.

To calculate the amount of timber for the outer and inner walls, use the algorithm:

1. Calculation of the perimeter of the building.

2. Multiplying this value by the total height.

3. Multiplying the result obtained by the cross section of the beam.

4. It turns out the amount of cubic meters of material needed to build the building.

In the process of making calculations, attention should be paid to the fact that the device of the first crown will require more material, since its width must be increased. In this calculation algorithm, this condition is not taken into account, therefore, to calculate the bar of the first crown, a separate formula must be applied.

The cross section of the beam for the first crown should be chosen more than the main one, since it is this crown that is bearing and takes on the entire load from the building. In addition, it requires additional processing with engine oil or an antiseptic solution.

When the calculation of the beam for bending is completed, the procedure for determining the number of pieces of timber for building a house follows. This value will help save time during the material purchase process. In addition, in this way it will be possible to avoid fraudulent actions on the part of the seller.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the main values ​​\u200b\u200bof the quantities of timber in one cubic meter, taking into account the length of the material of 6 m:

• 10x10 cm approximately consists of 16.6 pieces;
• 10x15 cm - 11 pieces;
• 15x15 - 7 pieces;
• 10x20 - 8 pieces;
• 15x20 - 5.5 pieces;
• 20x20 - 4 pieces.

To determine the amount of timber in pieces, the total value, for example, 14 cubic meters, should be divided by the volume of one piece of timber in a cube. To calculate this number, you need to divide the cross section of the beam by the number of pieces in one cube. For a standard timber size of 15x15 cm, this is 0.13. 14/0.13=107.6 pieces.

When setting the number of pieces needed to build a building, there is no need to accurately measure each cubic meter when buying material. Enough piece-by-piece counting of the material.

The height and width of the beam play an important role in the construction and operation of the building. In a higher beam, the interventional seams are reduced and the construction procedure is accelerated. When choosing optimum width the need for permanent or temporary residence in the house is taken into account. Minimum Thickness timber, recommended for the construction of a building in which people will permanently live, is 20 cm. At the same time, to improve thermal insulation, foam or mineral wool is used, laid in a layer of 10 cm. If it is planned to build a bath, then the layer thickness should be increased to 16 cm.

Under construction country house, in which people will live only in the summer, it is enough to purchase a bar with a section of 10x10 cm.

When calculating a stepped beam, an important factor is the preliminary design of the building. It is on the project that both external and interior view houses, the number of walls, doors and windows.

There are several options for obtaining a project:

• its own production;
• order from specialists;
• purchase on the Internet;
• project purchase;
• use of the finished project.

To independently create a project at home, you need special skills in working with drawings. For its compilation, the climate in which the house is located, the soil on which it is based, and other factors are important.

Therefore, the most right decision will hire specialists who are able to take into account all individual characteristics site.

Remember that when calculating a timber for building a house, it is better to buy material with a small margin than to stop construction works due to his lack.

Building a house from a bar is always associated with considerable financial costs. But so that they do not exceed the allotted limit and you have enough materials, you need to calculate the construction of a house from a bar.

Our portal "Remontik" offers step by step steps calculation of timber for building a house:

	Bar consumption for the house.
	The formula for calculating material consumption for bearing walls the buildings.
	Consumption of material for the roof frame of the house.
	Factors affecting the amount of material needed for a roof frame.
	Calculation of the amount of material for the crate and rafters.
	The number of blanks for the installation of beams.
	Calculation of the number of floorboards.

Regardless of whether you are planning to build housing on your own or for this you decide to hire workers, you need to draw up an estimate. It is she who will be the basis of all work.
A house made of timber contains the following structural elements:

• walls;

• roof;

• logs for floor and ceiling;

• crate;

• rafters;

• fasteners and insulation;

• windows and doors;

• strapping.

Consumption of timber for building a house

To build a house for permanent residence use timber 150x150 mm, 150x100 mm, 200x200mm or 100x100 mm. Before you start work, you should choose the size of the blanks and calculate how much timber you may need. Usually calculations are made in cubic meters, and not in pieces.

Form for calculating the beam for load-bearing walls

The calculation of a beam for building a house can be carried out according to the following formula:

• to begin with, the sum of the lengths of all the walls of the building is calculated, and not just external, but also internal;
• the perimeter must be multiplied by the height of the house, excluding the gable (the facade of the building, which is limited by the eaves and roof slopes);
• the value you get should be multiplied by the thickness of the timber for construction.

As a result, you will get the number of cubes that you need to build a house. As a rule, they are limited to one or two floors.

As a result, to build a house, you will need 13.5 m 3 of timber with a section of 150x150 mm. If you plan to use more walls, then it is important to take them into account in the calculations.

For the convenience of calculating the construction of a house from a bar and facilitating the choice, you can use the data shown in the table (with a length of 6 meters):

To perform the correct calculation of building a house from a bar, you need to take into account what you cannot avoid when individual construction- even a trusted supplier in one batch will have several units of marriage. This must be taken into account at the time of purchase and order blanks with a small margin.

Roof frame material consumption

For log house a truss system is used, which acts as a supporting frame of the roof. Wood is a durable material, but despite this, it should not be overloaded, otherwise it can provoke the destruction of load-bearing walls and uneven shrinkage.

The truss system belongs to the category pitched roofs. Cheaper and easier to build a gable roof with your own hands. The technology is accessible to a beginner, and it takes much less material.

Factors Affecting the Amount of Material Needed for a Roof Frame

If you want the roof to be not only beautiful, but also reliable, do not save on building materials. It is important not to deviate from the technology when building it yourself.

• rafters or rafter legs;

• pediment, consisting of a beam similar to load-bearing walls;

• beams (logs) - horizontally located bars, represent the basis for laying the floorboard;

• mauerlat - a thick layer along the perimeter of the walls is used to evenly distribute the weight of the frame;

• crate - fastened to the rafters and acts as the basis for the installation of the roof.

How to calculate the cost of building a quality house from a bar

According to SNiP 31-02, any roof has a number of requirements, taking into account which, you need to calculate Construction Materials. That is, in order for the frame to fully comply with the declared standards and provide protection for the house from snow, rain and melt water, and not let cold air through, you need to find out exactly how many blanks are needed.

The amount of material directly depends on the coverage area. For example, we can consider a 6x6 house. For a high-quality foundation, you will need a thick, strong timber 150x150 mm or 150x100 mm. It is laid on four load-bearing walls, respectively, to make a Mauerlat, four beams are needed, each 6 meters long.

Attention! If the house does not imply the presence of internal load-bearing walls, then it is important that the distance between them does not exceed 8 meters. If there is another support inside the house, then it is worth increasing the distance to 14-16 meters.

For example: 6+6+9+9=30 meters.

The perimeter, namely 30 meters, must be divided by the length of one bar: 30 m / 6 m = 5 pieces.

As a result, for the construction of a Mauerlat for a house of 6x9 m, 5 bars of 6 meters are needed.

Calculation of the amount of material for the crate and rafters

The rafter system is the main support for the roofing material, which protects the house from snow and wind.

The calculation of the timber that will go to the construction of the rafters is done according to the following formula:

1. The total load of wind and snow per 1 m 2 of the roof - it is calculated on the basis of SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and Impacts". Therefore, for a slope with an angle of 45 degrees, the length of the roof is 6.5 meters and the length of the rafters is 3.5 meters, the load is 226.3 kg / m 2.
2. The total load is 5148 kg. Now we multiply 6.5 m by 3.5 m and we get 22.75 m, which represents the surface area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slope (5148 kg).
3. Then you need to find out the length of all the rafters and how much timber you need to purchase for their construction. To do this, given that 1 running meter can withstand a weight of 100 kg, we divide 5148 kg into structures and get 51.48 m. This will be the minimum length of the rafters.
4. The slope of the roof hangs over the wall by about 50 cm, which means you need to buy wood of 4 meters.
5. It is very easy to calculate the number of pieces: 51.48 / 4 \u003d 12.87, or more precisely, 14, since they are arranged in pairs. That is, you need 7 pairs.

The truss system contains and wooden crate. Boards about 2.5 cm thick are used for it. They must be placed horizontally, namely parallel to the ridge.

At the same time, the width of the board should not be more than 15 cm. There are two laying methods, on which the number of timber purchased depends.

The first is continuous laying, when the distance is not more than 1-2 cm and discharged. In this case, the flight can reach 10 or more centimeters. The more often the boards lie, the warmer and stronger the structure, but at the same time, its cost also increases.

Calculating the amount is very easy. The length of the board and skate is measured. Then the installation of the skate must be divided by the footage of the board. Thus, you can find out how many boards were needed for the support strip.

If the width is 15 centimeters, and the gap is 5, then the number obtained after addition must be divided by the length of the slope. As a result, you will receive the number of blanks.

Calculating the cost of building a log house is a painstaking task. Therefore, it is important to take into account the fact that everything must be purchased with a margin. The roof flow rate is calculated taking into account the roof surface area. At the same time, natural openings are not taken into account - a place for an attic door and a chimney door, if there is one in the project.

Overlapping from beams is especially in demand in low-rise construction. They have a relatively low price, they are quick and easy to manufacture, wood is a durable material and has a low weight. It does not give significant loads on the foundation structure.

For the ceiling of the beams, only coniferous wood is used. In most cases, this is larch, since it is the most reliable and durable material that can withstand a lot of weight:

• good resistance to temperature extremes;
• stable tightness;
• practically no shrinkage.

Should be prioritized the best blanks, which were dried in steam chambers and have a moisture content of not more than 14%. In this case, the aspect ratio should be the following 150x200 mm or 150x100 mm.

For proper design, in order to perform a competent calculation of materials for the construction of timber, it is necessary to take into account the width of the span. The larger it is, the more often the beams are laid, and their number also increases. To cover the attic, it is not at all necessary to lay the workpieces very close to each other.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the table, which allows you to determine how many pieces you will need:

This means that for a span of 4 m, you need to buy 6 blanks for laying floor beams, starting from a step of 1 m. That is, 4 pieces will be used to close the span and 2 more will go to the edges near the walls. The cost directly depends on the length of the beam.

Calculation of the number of floorboards

Before calculating how much floorboard you need, you should decide on its dimensions:

• the optimal length is 4, 4.5 and 6 meters;
• thickness is represented by the following sizes: 32 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm;
• standard width - 105 mm or 100 mm.

If you are planning to make a floor from whole boards, then it is worth reducing the amount of waste.

It is quite easy to do the calculations. If you know the parameters of the blanks, then you will determine the usable area, it is 5-7 mm less than the actual one as a result of the sheet pile.

Typically, manufacturers make boards 6 meters long. You also need to consider the amount of waste that you cannot avoid.

The calculations are performed as follows:

• Divide known area premises by the size of the board area, taking into account only the useful one - this is the amount necessary for laying.
• When the room has parameters other than 6 meters, it is important to consider the amount of the whole material. To do this, the width of the room is divided by the working width of the floorboard.

Based on the information received, you can easily find out how much it will cost you to build a house from a bar. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account such consumables as roofing material, insulation and additional fasteners. Their number directly depends on the area, the design of the house and other factors.

Conclusion

Building a house from a bar will be much easier than a brick one, and is available to every novice owner. After completing the construction calculation, you will receive an approximate amount of the object, which you should focus on when planning the budget.

Building a house should begin with calculations. And one of the most difficult is the calculation of the amount of materials needed. A separate line is the calculation of the amount of timber. You can do this manually, or you can use a house timber calculator, but even so, it is desirable to know and understand the calculation methodology.

Calculation of the number and volume of timber:

beam width:

beam height:

total length of the walls (including all internal partitions):

wall height:

area of ​​openings (windows, doors):

beam length:

price for 1m 3:

number of gables:

wall length:

pediment height:

opening area:

What timber and for what buildings can be used?

For the construction of houses, two types of timber are used:

They differ from each other in production technology, some technical specifications and, of course, the price. Historically, for the construction of dachas, baths, a bar measuring 100X100 mm is used. For erection capital house of medium size, it is quite possible to use a beam with a section of 150X150 mm. Solid structures such as a cottage or houses of impressive size use a product with a cross section of 200X200 mm. As a rule, the length of the beam, regardless of the technology of its production, is 6 meters. But if desired, you can order a bar with a different length. The technologies used at enterprises that produce timber make it possible to obtain timber with two flat and two convex surfaces, one of them goes outside the building, the other inside. Thus, it seems that the house is assembled from logs.

Calculation algorithm

Important: when calculating the beam, it makes sense to proceed from standard sizes, so you can optimize the amount of waste.

The whole calculation can be conditionally divided into several parts. That is, you need to find out the amount of timber per frame, roof structure, ceiling, etc.

Basic Formula

Important: as a unit of measure for lumber required for construction, it is carried out in cubic meters(cubic meters).

For example, consider the algorithm for calculating a house from a bar with a section of 150X150 mm. A beam of this section is quite applicable for the construction of a building for territories located in middle lane our country. To perform the calculations, the following dimensions will be required:

1. Dimensions of the building - length x width x height (LxSxH);

2. The number and dimensions of internal partitions - S1;

3. Dimensions and number of rafters;

4. Dimensions and number of beams used for floor and ceiling.

As an object of calculation, we will take a house on one floor, with overall dimensions of 9x6x3 m and one internal partition of 6 m. Based on these data, we can calculate the total cubic capacity of the beam. For this you need:

calculate the perimeter: (L*S)*2+S1=(9*6)*2+6=36 m. total area at home is calculated by the formula - 36 * 3 \u003d 108 m. Where 36 is the area, 3 is the height. By multiplying the result obtained by the length of the side of the beam, you can find out the total amount, that is, 108 * 0.15 = 16.2 cubic meters.

Important: a certain amount of material will be saved due to the fact that window and door openings will be cut out during construction. But practice shows that 10 - 15% must be added to the calculated value of the timber. Since there is always a possibility that the purchased material will contain substandard wood.

Calculation of the amount of lumber for the floor and ceiling

The amount of material needed for beams, rafters, etc. directly depends on the type of building and roof construction. Beams with a section size of 100X150 mm are quite suitable for their use in floor and ceiling construction. Taking as a basis the dimensions of the future house, you can calculate the number of beams. To do this, you need to find out how much timber is needed to equip the floor and ceiling. With an installation step of 1 meter, 8 beams 6 m long will be used as a lag, in addition, 8 beams of the same length will be used to build the ceiling. That is, a total of 16 beams or 96 running meters. To calculate the amount of lumber needed, it is necessary to multiply the resulting length by the cross-sectional area, i.e. 96*0.015=1.44 cubic meters In view of the foregoing about the likelihood of substandard wood getting into the one that will be purchased, you can safely purchase 1.5 cubic meters.

How much lumber is needed for a roof

In the type of houses for which the calculation is carried out, as a rule, they mount gable roof. The main task when designing this type of roof is to choose the right slope. In fact, with a small slope of slopes, in winter time ice will accumulate on the roof, and if too acute angle, such a roof can be blown away by a sharp gust of wind. Therefore, many homeowners make the Solomonic decision and choose a roof with a 45-degree ridge angle. Traditionally, the mounting step of the rafters is 0.6 meters. The rafters themselves are made of timber 100X150 m.

Important! Installation of rafters with a smaller pitch allows the use of timber with a smaller section.

In accordance with the Pythagorean theorem, determine the length of the leg rafter beam. In a triangle where the width of the house is taken as the hypotenuse, and the legs are the rafters, it turns out that the leg length is 4.2 m. Dividing the length of the house by the step length, we get the number of beams - 14 m. 1.76 cubic meters will be needed. timber.

After that, the calculation of the amount of timber can be considered completed. It is important not to forget about increasing the volume of purchased timber by 10 - 15%. You can check your calculations using our online calculator.

In addition, many companies that are engaged in the construction of suburban housing will help you calculate the amount of timber for free.

Timber houses are very popular and have a number of advantages over log houses. The geometrically correct shape of the timber (a rectangle or a square is obtained in the section) allows you to create more usable space, and it becomes much easier to calculate the amount of material needed to build a house. To do this, you need to know the length and height of all sides of the structure and multiply by the thickness of the timber.

Types of timber products

Today, in the construction market you can find a bar of various sections. So, they often buy lumber products with a section of 120x120, 150x100, 180x180, 200x150, 150x150, 100x100, 140x140 mm. All of them are purchased for certain structures. But the most popular is the section of the beam 150x150 mm, since it combines good value and excellent thermal insulation properties. Also, timber products with a section of 150x150 mm are simply laid, a pronounced number of seam caulked joints is obtained.

Plus, recently, prefabricated glued lumber material, that is, profiled, has been supplied to the market. When compared with typical lumber, it has increased strength properties, heat-saving characteristics due to tongue-and-groove joints, as well as lower shrinkage. Therefore, many experts recommend using it. There is only one drawback - the high cost of the material. Prefabricated adhesive timber has a higher cost, but it is fully justified, since the service life exceeds the time of using conventional lumber.

Formula

Vbeam = wall height x wall length x beam thickness

By doing the calculations in this way, we get required amount material for building a house. Let's take a simple example. If you are going to build a house, the height of the walls of which will be 3 meters, and the length of the walls is 9 and 6 meters from a bar 150x150 mm, then you need to first calculate the perimeter. That is, we add up the length of all walls: 9 + 9 + 6 + 6 \u003d 36 linear meters. Next, multiply the resulting number by 3 meters and get 108 square meters. On last step multiply by the thickness of the beam, that is, by 0.15. As a result, it turns out 16.2 cubic meters. Thus, the question of how to calculate the amount of timber per house should no longer arise.

Calculation example

As you know, the sale of bars, boards on the market is carried out precisely in cubic meters. This is very often used by many sellers, who allow you to take the excess in your pocket, because buyers do not know how to calculate the cubic capacity of the timber. At the same time, it is not so difficult to find out the necessary cubic capacity. There is one easy method. So, if you purchase lumber of the same size, then you need to multiply the length of the beam by its cross-sectional area. Thus, you will find the amount in cubic meters in one unit of lumber. And then multiply this number by the number of units.

Let's give an example: if you bought 20 units of timber with a length of 6 meters and a section of 150 x 150 mm, then first we find the cross-sectional area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe lumber. To do this, we multiply 0.15 by 0.15 = 0.0225 m2. Then we multiply the resulting number by 6 (the length of the beam). As a result, it turns out 0.135 m3. Well, at the last stage, we multiply by the total amount, that is, by 20. The total cubic capacity of the acquired timber will be 2.7. With such a fairly simple method, you can calculate the cubic capacity for any lumber. By applying this formula, you will save a lot of money.