A project on how to equip your workshop. How to equip a full-fledged workshop cheaper

Monolithic house concrete is the most durable. More and more individual developers want to have such a home. Concrete houses are characterized by amazing reliability, long service life, and they are also quickly built and do not require expensive materials and high labor costs. You can finish the concrete walls of the building with any material you like.

Pros and cons

Construction technology concrete house implies the execution of all work directly on construction site so it has its pros and cons.

1. The concrete house is a monolithic structure, thanks to which it has a high mechanical strength well tolerated physical impact(ground shift, earthquakes);
2. The construction of a concrete house can be carried out on any soil and any temperature;
3. Concrete houses are built in a short period of time;
4. Low cost of work;
5. The ability to build a house of any configuration;
6. Wall decoration with any materials;
7. The possibility of using any type of overlap between floors;
8. Uniform shrinkage of the house.

1. If a house is being built on several floors, then you will need a concrete pump, and this is an extra cash investment;
2. Increase in labor costs during construction monolithic floor between floors;
3. Time spent on the manufacture of formwork;
4. The house made of concrete must be all grounded.

Where to begin

Many future homeowners order the construction of a concrete house from companies specializing in their construction. They have special equipment the right tools, formwork. Buying all these accessories for one construction is expensive, but if you have the opportunity to rent the necessary equipment or you still decide to spend money, then independent construction houses made of concrete, nothing should interfere. How to make a house out of concrete, you will read below.

First of all, you need a blueprint for your future home. You can use the World Wide Web, there are thousands of concrete house projects in its vastness, but it is possible to order a project from an organization that specializes in their calculations. There you will calculate the strength of the walls, bearing capacity designs. From the project you will find out the required wall thickness and insulation material.

Pour the foundation first. If you decide to get a house with a plinth, then the base can be made tape, and the ceiling will be a monolithic slab. A simple concrete house is being built with a pile-tape base, which must be well waterproofed.

Monolithic concrete walls are quite heavy, so deepen the foundation below the freezing level of the soil, place it inside the formwork metal carcass. Pour the base so that it rises 50 cm above ground level.

With removable formwork

For the construction of such houses, you should make formwork. For its manufacture, you will need wood boards 50 mm thick. If you are building a concrete house in a region where the temperature during the winter months drops to -30°C, then the walls of the house must be at least 55 cm thick. The length of the formwork panels is usually 2-4 m, and their height is 80 mm.

Note! To prevent the shields from opening up while you pour concrete into them, place metal ties at the bottom, equipped with bolted connections. To fix the top of the shields, you can use the same ties or wooden lining.

Place a metal frame or reinforcement inside the formwork, it all depends on what type is indicated in the project.

Prepare concrete solution, then pour it into the formwork with a layer of 20 cm. Carefully tamp the solution by doing this with a vibrator. Repeat this process until you fill the entire formwork, it is desirable to leave a five-centimeter empty layer on top, this is done for the convenient implementation of subsequent work.

After five days have passed, the formwork can be rearranged.

Note! During the entire time while the concrete hardens, it must be closed from the weather.

After completing the wall construction, allow time for the concrete to gain strength. It will take you a month, then start work on arranging the roof and floors. They must rely on bearing walls, going on them at least 20 cm.

After the house is built, it must immediately be finished on the outside. thermal insulation materials, otherwise in winter condensation will appear on the walls and all your interior decoration will fall into disrepair.

With fixed formwork

For the construction of a concrete house, you can use fixed formwork. It will be more expensive, but building a house will be much easier. Purchase formwork elements. They are wall, radius, corner. It is necessary to correctly calculate their number.

1. Install the fixed formwork on the prepared base and assemble it as a constructor. For the first time, the initial row is enough.
2. Carry out all work on the installation of pipes for various communications. Place the frame or reinforcement in the formwork.
3. Prepare a concrete solution, for this it is better to use cement M 500, knead it with crushed stone, sand and water. Pour the solution with a fifty-centimeter layer, carefully compacting it with a vibrator.

People who are closely involved in housekeeping exist almost always. And if you do not know how to build or choose a room for this object, how to plan it, and what to place inside it in the first place - read this article to end.

How to choose a carpentry room

Creating a carpentry workshop within its own suburban area, it’s a good idea to make sure that it is as far away from living quarters as possible. This will keep the rest of your family calm and will not prevent your guests from enjoying a relaxing holiday.

An ideal room for a carpentry workshop would be a separate shed, garage or purpose-built room. You can think of an option in which the carpentry workshop will be located in a building block container (a used product is quite suitable for the workshop, since new block containers are quite expensive). The block container area is a little over 14 m². Therefore, not only a workbench and a shelf with tools, but even several small carpentry machines will fit in its usable space. It will have enough space for storing wood and for organizing a small painting area.

The option with a block container can be considered with a fairly serious approach to the arrangement of the workshop and with serious intentions related to the amount of work performed here. If your joinery and carpentry activities will be of a modest scale, then the alternative in the form of an empty garage or barn is quite capable of meeting your needs.

In order for the home workshop to meet the minimum requirements for comfort and safety, its area must be at least 6 ... 10 m² (it all depends on the amount of equipment that you plan to place in the workshop). This should be taken into account if you are planning to build special room for the workshop. If you plan to adapt an existing building of suitable sizes for the workshop, then use it. M a scarlet carpentry shop can be quite convenient. H and six squares can accommodate not only the main tool of the carpenter - a carpentry workbench, but also a couple of the most popular machines: grinding machine for tools, as well as drilling - for woodworking, etc. A 40-50 sq.m. It's practically a shop.

Here is what a regular FORUMHOUSE user writes about the size of the carpentry workshop.

AlekX FORUMHOUSE member,
Moscow.

10 squares is enough... Arrange and work acceptable - from 25 squares, move comfortably and imposingly with a cigar from machine to machine - from 40-50 sq.m.

And here is a photo inner space his workshop, measuring 11 m².

Basic requirements for a carpenter's workshop

It is not enough to understand how to build a carpentry workshop or how to find the right room. When arranging a carpentry workshop, you need to remember five important factors, the presence of which guarantees convenience and safety while working inside the future premises:

• fire safety;
• effective sound insulation;
• quality lighting;
• proper ventilation;
• efficient and safe heating.

Let's talk about all this in more detail.

Fire safety

To provide fire safety the workshop room must be grounded. All machines and equipment should be connected to a common ground loop. The powder fire extinguisher, which is an indispensable element of the carpentry workshop, must be installed in a well accessible place. The fire extinguisher must comply with class ABC (for extinguishing any flammable materials and electrical equipment) and have a capacity of 4.5 kg (10 lbs). A sand container equipped with fire extinguishing equipment and installed near the entrance to the workshop will give you an additional guarantee of safety.

Soundproofing

If the carpentry shop is located near the dwelling, the sound insulation in it has great importance. To ensure it, you can use standard means, consisting in the use of special finishing materials, double-glazed windows and door structures.

Lighting

Good lighting is half the success of your carpentry workshop! This is not only a comfort for your eyes, but also necessary condition labor safety. Indeed, in conditions of insufficient visibility, injuries when working with electric and other woodworking tools happen much more often. And in order to avoid them, in addition to general lighting in the workshop, it is necessary to use additional illumination of the workplace (machine, workbench, etc.).

When working away from natural light better to use a combination lighting fixtures different spectrum. Neon daylight lamps - for general lighting and incandescent lamps - for additional illumination of the workplace. According to doctors, the use of the same type of lighting devices does not always have a good effect on the state of the organs of vision.

Carpentry in the garage with their own hands.

The electrical cable that you run into the workshop for connecting electrical equipment and lighting fixtures must have a suitable cross section, designed for heavy loads. Wiring should be laid in metal conduits or pipes to help prevent fire in the event of a short circuit.

Ventilation

Even the simplest forced ventilation, installed in a carpentry workshop, will make your work much more comfortable and safer. Thanks to ventilation, you do not have to inhale wood dust, which can irritate the respiratory tract and even cause diseases.

If it is planned to install woodworking machines in the workshop, then installing a suitable chip blower is an issue that requires a mandatory solution. Otherwise, the room will always be a mess, and all efforts to ensure fire safety will not have the desired effect. After all, wood dust scattered in the air in in large numbers, capable of igniting from the slightest spark like gunpowder.

Heating

If you plan to work in a future workshop all year round, then space heating is an issue that should be approached very seriously. The warm air in the workshop will have a positive effect on your well-being, performance and the condition of the power tool. And only in such conditions, wood is able to maintain its best qualities.

Connecting such a room to centralized heating does not make sense (with rare exceptions). Therefore, the installation oil heater will be considered quite a worthy way out. Alternatively, heat fans or more modern infrared heaters can be used. These appliances heat up quickly. small room and with good thermal insulation, the premises will create a cozy microclimate inside the workshop.

carpentry workshop layout

If, before creating a room for a carpentry workshop, you took into account the minimum requirements regarding the internal area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe object, then you will definitely have enough space to organize its main areas:

place for machines;

a place for a workbench and an assembly table;

racks (shelves) for tools;

the space (corner) where inventory for cleaning the workshop is stored;

container for waste and garbage ( wooden box etc.);

attachments for storing hacksaws, tape measures and other tools;

hanger (cabinet) for overalls;

wall cabinets for small tools, fasteners and other parts;

a place to store wood and finished products.

The assembly table, like the workbench, is an indispensable element when planning a carpentry workshop. Here is what one of the participants of our forum thinks about it.

Józef FORUMHOUSE member

Assembly table is a must. The simplest is to dissolve one chipboard sheet in half (according to the layout - along or across) and fold two thicknesses (fasten with screws).

It is advisable to mount large-sized objects and equipment on walls or install them near them. This will free up some of the internal space for freer movement. In order to calculate the minimum area of ​​free space near the machine or workbench, it is necessary to multiply the area occupied by this device by 2. Tools and equipment used together should be near each other.

In order to save free space in the workshops, some of their owners resort to little tricks: they build convenient folding workbenches. The working surface of such a device is mounted on the wall, and its unscrewing legs are stored in any place convenient for this. On the bottom surface of the workbench, you can easily make holders for storing a wide variety of tools.

Here is the layout of the workshop proposed by the user Sitnikoff.

I figured out the live arrangement in Visio, while without the exact dimensions of the machines and equipment for the 5.6 * 6.2m option. Everything and more comes in.

The room shown in the diagram has impressive dimensions, and not everyone can afford such dimensions. The general concept of the arrangement of equipment and accessories, shown in the figure, will be clear to all interested.

Here is more information about the proposed project. Everyone can find something useful in it. You will learn how to make a floor in a carpentry workshop, what to build walls from, what will be the foundation, etc.

Sitnikoff FORUMHOUSE member

While I will write about the construction of the building for the carpentry workshop:

The structure is a frame made of boards 150x50 mm. VSHD 2.8m x 5.6 x 6.2. The height of the attic is 1.2 m.

Build on strip foundation shallow recess.

Insulation - mineral wool or basalt 150 mm thick.

Sheathe outside and inside with OSB.

Outside on the slab sheathing - lining.

Floors - concrete, then EPPS (50mm), warm water floor in a concrete screed.

Floors - ceramic tiles.

Heating from the stove (I don’t know whether to buy a metal one or put a small Dutch one), it is possible to connect to the route of a warm floor going from the house to the bathhouse.

The roof of the attic will be insulated in the same way as the walls, since there will be no ceiling (suddenly something will have to be hung or placed within reach), that is, I plan a dome in the workshop.

The roof covering is metal tile (especially since there is some reserve after the house and the bath).

The door is a double-leaf metal insulated door 120 cm wide (80 + 40).

Window - plastic double-glazed windows size 150 x 60 cm under the ceiling - 6 pcs.

Window opposite the door 100x150 cm - 1 pc.

I do not rule out the presence skylights in the ceiling (I want light) - 4 pcs.

Electrical equipment - 220 V in plastic boxes.

Dust removal and ventilation system (probably, several boxes will have to be spread around the room to connect the tool to the dust removal system).

Basic rules for organizing space in the workshop

Each machine, workbench and other equipment must have Free access organized from three sides.

The free space of the workshop should prevail in quantitative terms over the space occupied by machines, cabinets and other items.

The floor in the workshop should be flat and dry, and slippery materials should never be laid on its surface.

The garbage container should have 2 compartments (the first is for storing wood waste, the second is for storing other garbage).

small stock drinking water as well as a fully stocked first aid kit, should be kept in a conspicuous place.

Remember, while working in the workshop, do not neglect personal protective equipment - overalls, goggles, respirators, and so on.

Those who wish to watch a video on how to combine an ordinary garage with a carpentry workshop can familiarize themselves with the material prepared by a professional carpenter and a regular participant in our forum. A video on how to properly equip a cabinetmaker's workplace, it is advisable to see everyone who is going to make a convenient and comfortable one with their own hands. multifunctional workbench. You can get fresh ideas regarding the arrangement of a carpenter's home workshop in the "..." section. And you can participate in the discussion of issues related to the manufacture of wood products by visiting the forum section "".

First of all, you need to immediately clean up your garage, remove everything superfluous, all the garbage - don't be Plyushkin, who collected everything you need and don't need. After that, install large-sized equipment and workbenches that you will use in your work. Small tools can be stored in separate drawers or on hooks driven into the wall. By the way, such storage is very convenient, because you will always see what tool you have, and save a lot of space. If desired, you can hang the tool on its functional purpose. It is advisable to store dowels and screws in separate boxes, picking them up in size.

Many people use special carts for tools, so you always have everything you need at hand. With the trolley it is also possible to equip a mobile workplace in cases where the main work will be carried out outside the walls of the workshop. If you decide to make a workshop not only for yourself, but also for others, offering repair services, it is advisable to take care of the possibility of connecting various equipment, such as, for example, what you need to think about the location of sockets. In some cases, the arrangement of the workshop involves the creation of a hood, especially if you work with wood. Or, if you don’t have such an opportunity, just get a powerful vacuum cleaner.

But it is also important that you think in advance what equipment and where it will be located. In general, you can sketch out a simple layout of equipment - this way it will be easier for you to perceive information visually. Incorrectly organizing the free space in the workshop, you will achieve a sharp decrease in the efficiency and effectiveness of your work. Just calculate what area will be most suitable for you for a workplace, how much space you need to place the tool.

Also, while equipping the workshop, do not forget about winter period- you will need a device for heating the room, otherwise the work can be postponed for this time. To do this, you can use modern insulation materials and, in addition, install an electric heater. By the way, tools in a warm room will be stored better, since humidity and low temperatures can lead to a deterioration in their properties.

Advice: do not forget about the first aid kit, which must contain cotton, bandage, brilliant green and antiseptics necessary for first aid.

The main secret is to buy only what you really need and do not spend money on expensive trinkets. Take a closer look at professional workshops where every tool justifies its price. Think about how you can achieve the same results and how to get the most out of every penny invested without sacrificing quality.

START FROM THE BASICS

There are different opinions about which machines and tools for the workshop should be purchased first. Here's how we prioritized those. The list includes machine tools, power tools and other equipment. (This assumes that you already have the essentials, such as a screwdriver, a jigsaw, and a vacuum cleaner.)

First of all - sawing machine

This versatile machine is the heart of most carpentry shops. With it, you can cut along and across, cut out grooves, tongues and spikes, and do much more. Since this will be your main machine, don't be too stingy. Avoid buying lower priced desktop models that often lack precision and power.

pay attention to simple machines with an open stand or desktop costing $300-500. They have enough power, they are more accurate, and with them you can use various devices.

Raising the bar higher, you can own an even more powerful and precise closed stand saw. entry level or (for the same money) a great saw with an open stand, a powerful electric motor and a 50-inch rip fence. Any of these machines can remain the only one for life. A good longitudinal stop always justifies its price, so its choice should be approached carefully and not be too stingy. When budgeting for the cost of purchasing a sawing machine, be sure to add funds to purchase a high-quality combination saw. saw blade with 40-60 carbide teeth to avoid numerous chips and burns on the wood.

When you buy a saw machine, use one of its side wings as a milling table by installing the mounting plate. So you can avoid extra costs on a separate base and save valuable space on the workshop floor. You can also alternate between using the same rip fence when working with a saw blade and cutters.

The router with interchangeable soles plays any role

The router is undoubtedly one of the most versatile power tools in the carpentry shop. And today, for the same money, you can have many more routers than before.

The milling machine itself is useless, however, you can buy milling cutters in large sets, which will save you a lot of money. When several cutters in a cheap set have worn out, they can be purchased separately, replacing them with better ones that will last longer.

It makes sense to purchase a router with several interchangeable bases - fixed, submersible and, in some cases, with a bracket-shaped handle. Place one base on the table and use the others for manual milling. Add a large, inexpensive set of cutters and you're good to go.

Most measurements and markings can be done with a tape measure, combination square, steel ruler, compass, and mechanical pencil. For more complex work, you will need a bevel, digital caliper, protractor and drawing square.

Measuring and marking tools

The accuracy of processing directly depends on the accuracy of the markup, so you should definitely purchase several basic measuring and marking tools, choosing the highest quality ones. There are many clever devices, but you do not need to pay attention to them. Just a few basic ones are enough, which are shown in right photo above.

Definitely need a work surface

The workbench must be level, stable and durable. You can make your own by adding store-bought vise and bench rests for easy clamping of parts.

Now that you can turn the boards into pieces for your project, you need a place to work with them. A massive carpenter's workbench would be an ideal workbench, but you can do a lot with a small folding workbench, a sawhorse-mounted door, or the simple homemade workbench shown in photo above.

You can't do without good clamps

Joiners often say that there are never too many clamps, but just a few are enough to start. Rack and tube clamps are considered champions in versatility and are especially useful when gluing shields together. Buy half a dozen pipe clamp heads, several lengths of pipe with threads on both ends, and couplers. Then you can always have clamps of any length on hand. Quick-acting one-handed clamps are very convenient, so it is useful to have at least a few pieces with a jaw width of 300-600 mm. Over time, when funds allow, replenish your arsenal with new clamps.

The sole of an eccentric sander rotates and makes oscillatory orbital movements, due to which individual risks merge into a continuous pattern that covers the entire surface.

Don't forget sanding

If you can only afford one sander, it should be an eccentric sander. With coarse discs it aggressively removes material from the surface, while with fine-grained discs it will allow you to get a smooth base for finishing.

Drilling machine should be next on the list

Modern electric drills amaze with power and convenience, but for maximum accuracy and accuracy, you need drilling machine. In 90% of cases, a relatively inexpensive benchtop model is sufficient, saving over $100 compared to a large floorstanding machine. Use your savings to buy sets of twist drills, Forstner drills and a few grinding drums. In addition, you can use a slotting nozzle for selecting nests, which is bolted to the neck of the quill.

Some may need a planer

Even if you don't use the planer to its full potential, it will help you quickly prepare rough boards for further processing and get perfectly straight edges for gluing.

If you often have to deal with rough boards, you should consider buying a planer. Perhaps, in other cases, you will be satisfied with the possibility of jointing edges with a router. However planers do not belong to too expensive cars.

With it, you can remove burns from the saw blade, ideally joint the edges of boards for gluing shields, and some models allow you to choose folds. Most importantly, the planer is the only machine capable of perfectly flattening the board.

STILL MONEY LEFT? THINK ABOUT THESE PURCHASES

With the equipment listed on the previous pages, as well as a jigsaw and a drill, you will be able to make most of the projects. However, over time, you may need a couple more machines.

Add thicknesser to additional list

It will help save on the purchase of lumber, as you yourself will process rough boards to the required thickness. In addition, it is possible to obtain blanks of non-standard cross-sections that cannot be found on the market.

Be prepared for the fact that these machines produce a huge amount of chips and dust. However, in some modern models there is a built-in dust extraction system that facilitates subsequent cleaning, and this will help to postpone the purchase of special equipment if it does not fit into the budget.

A band saw wouldn't hurt either.

A bandsaw excels at curved cuts, but it can also be used to split boards in width and thickness, cut across, cut circles, and even turn small logs into boards.

AT carpentry only straight cuts are not always required. Portable electric jigsaw capable of much, but in some cases you can not do without a band saw. In our opinion, 14-inch models are most justified in home workshops.

With all these machines, tools and equipment, you will be ready for almost any job. Then, as needed, if the budget allows, supplement your arsenal with specialized tools. Read the section for a list of what you may need next.

IT'S TIME TO CLEAN UP

Work in the workshop will be productive only on the condition that for each item in it it will be immediately determined permanent place, and you will regularly maintain order. But do not go to extremes, thinking that the furniture in the workshop must certainly be fashionable or expensive. Efficiency consists of completely different principles. Try the following methods.

Store your tools in cabinets

You can organize storage spaces for your treasures without spending a dime if you look out for unnecessary kitchen cabinets. Your relatives, friends or neighbors will often be happy to get rid of them after the renovation.

Once the cabinets are delivered to the workshop, get creative with their placement. For example, the drilling machine shown in a photo at the end of the article, installed on two wall kitchen cabinets. They raise the machine to a comfortable working height, and inside there is a lot of space closed from dust by doors.

Make cabinets more functional by adding drawers and extra shelves, and attaching holders to inside doors. Paint old cabinets with light enamel to freshen up the look and spruce up your workshop.

Store boards compactly

Boards leaning against a wall and stacked on the floor quickly become a source of confusion and are often damaged when dropped. Store them properly by attaching inexpensive metal brackets to the wall, as shown in a photo at the end of the article. Arrange them at intervals of about 200 mm in height and place chipboard shelves on top. Each shelf will easily hold 6-8 boards.

In such small stacks, it is easy to select the right board, especially if you mark each of them.

ADDITIONAL WAYS TO GET THE MOST OF YOUR BUDGET

How to save money on clamps

Want to reduce the need for clamps? Try replacing them with a few studs when gluing.

A small compressor and pneumatic nailer will cost about $200, which is no more than a few good slatted clamps. If you already have a compressor, the purchase of a nailer will cost only $40-50.

Buy boards by cubic meters

The purchase of lumber is not part of the workshop arrangement. But all the work in the carpentry workshop is connected with the boards. Why not save on this too by buying them in bulk? If the pros do it, then you can do it too by teaming up with a group of friends and buying boards in a bargain. You may be lucky and you will be able to get an additional discount.

Next steps

Other tools and accessories make carpentry work easier, faster and better. Having acquired the machines and tools that we have included in the main list, you may need to consider purchasing the following items.

HAND TOOLS

• Chisels
• planers
• Kiyanka
• Japanese hacksaw
• cycle

POWER TOOLS

• Lamella router
• Belt sander
• A circular saw
• Second router

MACHINES

• Chip blower and air filter
• Miter saw
• Combined belt and disc sander
• Spindle grinder
• Jigsaw machine
• Lathe

EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

• Mobile platforms for machine tools
• roller support
• Jig for drilling oblique holes - pockets
• Spike Milling Tool
• Reismus

All carpentry and improvised tools used by a masterful owner in everyday life should be neatly stored in one place. For these purposes, you need a well-equipped home workshop, where each thing has a strictly designated place, all fixtures and tools are laid out on their shelves. In the workshop it is convenient to make something with your own hands, to repair broken things, but in order for the work to take a minimum of time, it is important to properly equip this space.

Where to equip a home workshop

A corner for a tool can be allocated anywhere in a house or apartment, but it is much more difficult to attach a small woodworking machine, a workbench with a vise, an electric planer, a grinder and other equipment. With a small amount of hand tool when there is no separate room, you can find a little space in own apartment. Of course, it is unlikely that it will be possible to equip small apartment typical layout a full-fledged carpentry workshop, if there is no specially designated room for this. Therefore, you will have to find another place to place machines and tools.

A tool working in a home workshop, being right in the apartment, will interfere with both its family and neighbors living behind the wall, unless it is used occasionally and for a short time. In addition, the voltage required to operate the tool may cause power outages. When working with wood, sawdust, shavings and fine wood dust are formed, which are difficult to completely remove after working on the machine. The likelihood of a short circuit or sparks during machine operation sometimes creates a fire hazardous situation in the apartment. That is why the workshop with equipment is taken out to a non-residential premises.

1. If woodworking equipment is used frequently and makes a profit, and it becomes so much that it is no longer possible to place it at home, then you will have to find separate place. This is especially true for machine tools and other equipment that requires enough space to work. It could be:

• unused summer cuisine or a veranda in a private house;
• a small own or rented garage with electricity;
• attic or basement of the house;
• empty room in ground floor high-rise buildings;
• a dedicated extension to the house;
• one of the rooms of a large private house with a separate entrance;
• solid outbuilding - home workshop: video.

2. In the absence of an alternative, in the form of a farm building or a garage, a small amount household power tool can be marked at home. Home workshop in the apartment can be located:

• on a specially equipped glazed balcony(convenient when there are two of them in the apartment at once);
• on the loggia (equip one side wall with shelves);
• in a well-lit pantry (on racks);
• in a spacious hallway (allocate one built-in cabinet for tool storage);
• in the kitchen (pencil case or cabinet only for the master, lockers in the soft kitchen corner);
• in the corridor in built-in wardrobes and on the mezzanine (not very convenient, but effective);
• in a niche, capitally equipped for storage, under the stairs of the first floor (next to the apartment).

Let's make a reservation that in the indicated places it is convenient only to store the tool, but it will be much more difficult to use it if there is no space. For any workshop, at least 2.5 - 5 sq.m. a separate room. For these purposes, it is most advisable to use a loggia, but, again, neighbors will complain about the noise of the instrument. If this is a temporary matter, and you do not have to work for a long time, then you can refer to repairs, but you will have to simultaneously look for a separate room. For example, if you have friends who have an empty garage next to their house at their disposal, agree on an inexpensive lease or for minor repairs.

Attention: If several good machines and expensive power tools are stored in the garage, then it should be insured along with all equipment. Especially if there is a possibility of fire, flooding, theft and other reasons for the disappearance and damage of home workshop equipment and stored property! A light portable power tool that is used periodically is best stored at home - in the pantry or on the mezzanine.

If you are going to earn extra money by renting workshop equipment, strict accounting is important. Under the leased instrument, a special register must be kept, where the date and time of issue, the amount of the deposit and rent, the deadline for return, the name of the client (passport data and registration can be) are clearly indicated - so as not to search for your property.

How to organize space in the workshop

When choosing a place for a workshop, it is important to take into account the minimum area, without which it is impossible to fully work. The workshop space, ideally, should have several functional areas:

• a place for machines near the outlet;
• rack or shelves for accessories and small tools;
• a corner where a cleaning tool, a container (box or bucket) for production waste is stored;
• various attachments for the home workshop;
• hanger and shelf for overalls;
• free area for storage of finished products;
• wall cabinets for small parts and fixtures;
• a place to store raw materials and materials for work.

In the center of the workshop and at the working surface of the equipment, it is necessary to have enough space for the master and his assistant to move freely if help is needed. The area occupied by the machine or workbench is multiplied by 2 - this is the coefficient of the minimum working area. Plus, you need a place for free movement, change of working equipment and small tools - this is still at least 2-3 sq.m.

Workshop heating and lighting

When arranging a home workshop with your own hands in unheated room it is important to consider heating in winter time if there is work all year round. Heating appliances necessary to maintain comfortable working conditions. This is also important in order to periodically warm your hands, especially when working with metal, even if you have work gloves. Room heating will be needed when the workshop is located:

• in an unheated garage;
• in the attic;
• in the basement of a private or multi-storey building;
• on the glazed loggia;
• in an attic or loft.

Attention: A room without insulation and proper ventilation, which is heated periodically - this is high humidity, condensation and the creation of conditions for the development of fungi and mold. Dry and sufficiently warm air is favorable for storing power tools and metal products. From dampness, the instrument gradually deteriorates, electrical sockets wiring.

The easiest way to heat is to use an electric heater or oil radiator. It is much more efficient to use a fan heater, since it has a directed flow warm air. A convector is also suitable infrared heater. But all these devices use a lot of electricity, and it takes time to create the right microclimate. In a warmed room or with central heating, a working microclimate is stably maintained.

High-quality lighting is not just comfortable conditions for work and production homemade devices for home workshop. This is another important safety requirement - with poor visibility or insufficient lighting in the workshop, the likelihood of domestic injuries increases. Troubles from using a power tool in low light occur about 40% more often than in comfortable conditions or with additional illumination of the work surface. The best option is to additionally equip the place at the machine or workbench with a lighting device.

Tip: If you have to work all day in a closed garage or basement without natural light, it is important to provide interior lighting of the right spectrum, useful for vision. Doctors say that combined artificial light is most suitable for the eyes - universal neon (fluorescent) LBU lamps in combination with conventional incandescent lamps. The flickering light of energy-saving lamps and neon lamps alone is not suitable for permanent illumination of the workplace.

When illuminated working area it is important to provide diffused light so that there is no sharp shadow, distorted proportions and sizes. It is important to consider and total power consumed electricity, so that there is no spontaneous shutdown of the machine, heater and lighting devices due to overload. It is better to install several sockets - to distribute the load.

If the connection of electricity to the home workshop is only in the plans, then it is important to consult with a specialist so that there are no such problems when the equipment is fully loaded. To illuminate an ordinary garage, one incandescent bulb from a manually thrown cable is enough, and for a home workshop, the load on it will increase significantly.

Important rules for arranging a home workshop:

1. Each machine tool and power tool must have its own designated place and free access to the working plane from 2-3 sides.

2. Free space should be twice as much as the space occupied by the equipment.

3. It is better to keep an expensive power tool that is not currently in use in a separate cabinet, especially if numerous customers and visitors drop into the workshop.

4. The floors in the room must be level and hard for the stability of the equipment.

5. It is important to observe all fire safety measures, make grounding of machines and equipment, install a powder fire extinguisher.

6. The room must have ventilation and a low level of humidity.

7. It is desirable to have sufficient soundproofing in the workshop.

8. Daily cleaning of the workplace is important for health, it is better to use a powerful vacuum cleaner to remove dust and small debris, and a rag must be at hand to remove oily contaminants.

9. It is advisable to separate garbage containers - for wood trimmings and metal waste, as well as separately for other garbage.

10. It is advisable to have a small supply of drinking water in a closed container in a conspicuous place in the workshop.

11. Paints, varnishes, stains, solvents and other technical liquids should be stored separately. They must be removed as far as possible from heating sources, places of possible wiring short circuit and open flame.

12. It is important to remove all waste in time - throw away used containers from flammable liquids and technical lubricants, hand over scrap metal and throw away unnecessary containers.

13. A bucket of dry sand should be in the workshop - it will be needed to extinguish the ignition of a machine or power tool. For the same purposes, you can use a tarpaulin, a thick blanket or an old outerwear- to block the access of oxygen to the flame.

14. Upon completion of work, the machine and the workbench must be cleaned, since the accumulated sawdust and technical oils contribute to the spread of fire.

15. In any workshop, in a conspicuous place, there must be a complete first-aid kit (dressings, tourniquet, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, brilliant green, anesthetic, plaster and medical glue for small cuts).

Remember: Cluttering your home workshop is a potential life hazard and can cause fire and suffocation! When using chemical components, use a respirator and goggles!

Necessary accessories for a home workshop

If you have a home workshop, do-it-yourself equipment can also be added to what you already have. The base is a desktop, workbench or other convenient plane where you can fix the necessary fixtures.

1. Workbench - there is a locksmith and carpentry, it is twice as long, and you can make it yourself - video.

2. A woodworking machine is the basis of a carpentry workshop. Sometimes they are made by hand, but it's easier to buy ready-made inexpensively if it will be used often. For episodic work, it is reasonable to contact the carpentry shop for blanks. Often a lathe is also used.

3. Vices and clamps are the main devices for holding the processed materials.

4. Required set hand tools for woodworking:

• a set of chisels;
• plane;
• hand drill with drills in the set;
• feathers for large diameter holes;
• hacksaws;
• square and tape measure;
• hammer and mallet;
• pincers, pliers, etc.

5. The most common power tool:

• drill driver;
• angle grinder (grinder);
• jigsaw;
• circular electric saw;
• manual electric milling cutter, etc.

6. To work with metal, you need:

• hacksaw;
• chisel;
• a set of files and files;
• anvil;
• metal scissors;
• a set of taps and dies of the main types of thread plus drills for metal.

Nails should be sorted in a separate box different size, screws, self-tapping screws and other fixing material.

Today, a multifunctional universal power tool with removable nozzles is quite in demand, which successfully replaces several units of power tools of different directions. At home master also, a complete portable tool box should always be at hand.