At what temperature can a house be plastered? How to plaster a façade in cold weather

At what temperature can you plaster?

Increased volumes construction work When constructing buildings, sometimes they are not allowed to finish construction cycle in warm weather. As a rule, in the summer they have time to build the foundation, erect the building frame and install the roof. Developers have a question at what temperature can they plaster outdoors and indoors. To ensure the quality of plaster, a number of requirements must be met. They are related to the performance of work during certain temperature and humidity, as well as using antifreeze additives. Let us dwell on these issues in detail.

Plastering walls in the cold season - determining parameters

The quality of plastering work carried out in winter depends on compliance with special requirements:

• degree of air cooling indoors and outdoors;
• permissible level of moisture concentration in the air;
• preparing the wall surface to be treated;
• application of special drying or heating conditions;
• heating level of the cement mixture used;
• humidity of walls to be plastered.

The requirements are changing. It depends on where the plastering is done.

In winter it is necessary to plaster, observing a number of additional requirements

When construction activities are carried out year-round, plastering work can be carried out in various conditions:

• inside a construction site. Plaster is applied to previously prepared inner surface capital walls and partitions. Finishing work is carried out in heated and cold rooms;
• from the outside of the building. Plastering in winter load-bearing walls the facade side of the building is usually carried out in windy weather, cold and high air humidity.

Depending on where the plastering work is carried out, the conditions that guarantee the quality of finishing activities change. Let's figure out at what temperature you can plaster the walls inside the building, as well as plaster the facade of the building.

Plastering in winter in an unheated room - conditions for performing work

As a result of finishing activities carried out in winter time indoors, can be reached high level quality.

Determining factors:

• the minimum air temperature in the room is +8–+10 ⁰С. Carrying out work in the cold slows down the hydration of cement and can also cause cracking of the plaster when water crystallizes;

Premises requiring plastering are prepared in advance

• Maximum temperature air environment no more than 30 ⁰С. Applying plaster with increased air heating causes the formation of cracks, drying out and loss of its strength;
• maximum permissible level relative humidity not higher than 70%. The intensity of water evaporation during hardening of the plaster, as well as ensuring adhesion of the composition, depends on the concentration of moisture in the air;
• the temperature of the plaster composition is +5–+8 ⁰С. This is achieved by preparing the plaster mixture in rooms equipped with heating devices, as well as by adding hot water when preparing the plaster composition.

When deciding on the possibility of plastering indoors, it is necessary to control the temperature of the following areas:

• next to the external walls at a distance of 0.5 m from the base level;
• in the ceiling part of the room where heated air rises.

Plastering activities indoors can be carried out regardless of the time of year. It is important to ensure that the building is maintained necessary conditions. Attention should be paid to the preparation of the premises where workers perform plastering.

Expert opinion: Temperature when you can plaster outside

Plastering work outdoors can be carried out without the use of special chemical anti-frost modifiers only up to zero degrees. Plastering a ceiling in summer is quite difficult, since at a ceiling temperature above +30⁰C the solution becomes fragile and cracks. The ideal temperature for applying plaster is +5...-+...15⁰С, so if time permits, it is better to carry out work in compliance temperature regime.

Dmitry Orlov

The following steps must be taken:

• seal the cracks around the perimeter of the windows and door frames;
• thermally insulate and plaster slopes;
• glaze window openings and install doors;
• ensure a tight fit of frames and door panels;
• insulate floors between floors;
• block the path of cold air from the attic.

In winter, plastering can be done at average room temperatures at external walls at a height of 50 cm from the floor level not less than +8 °C

If the specified conditions are met, it is possible to ensure normal hardening of the composition and heat the room with minimal heat loss.

Heating methods to ensure drying of plaster

To maintain the temperature required for drying interior plaster, use various options warming up the air:

• central heating;
• stove heating

Create favorable temperature conditions possible by providing temporary heating using the following equipment:

• air heaters;
• air heaters.

Depending on the binder used in the plaster, the drying conditions and hardening time change:

• compositions containing lime and gypsum filler dry for two weeks. Ventilation of the room must be done several times throughout the day;
• cement mixtures are characterized by an accelerated hardening period and acquire hardness at high humidity within one week.

Application in various ways provides room heating favorable conditions drying plaster, which in warm conditions acquires performance characteristics.

The room is not ventilated, because... the solution needs moist air

Winter plaster – facade finishing using anti-frost additives

Features of application temperature conditions plaster mixtures. Recommendations for plastering in winter period. Specifics of street plastering works. Consequences of temperature violations.

We plaster in winter and summer

It is customary to carry out plastering in the warm season.

The information below gives an idea in what temperature range plastering work can be carried out and how to extend the construction season.

The information is subjective provided that the solutions contain the appropriate modifiers in the required proportions.

Features of plaster

The proportions and composition of the binders determine the name of the plaster mortar:

•   Plaster;
•   Gypsum-lime;
•   Calcareous-sand;
•   Lime-cement;
•   Cement-sand.

Used as a filler different kinds sand. Special additives guarantee different specifications mixtures and a wide range of application temperatures.

Separately, there are dry gypsum sheet plasters - plasterboard (gypsum board).

At what temperature can you plaster walls inside a house?

The working conditions for gypsum plasters are temperature range from +5˚ to +30˚C.

If the walls of a building are frozen in winter, then plastering inside can only be done after the wall has thawed to half its depth.

In winter, in buildings with heating, the air should be heated above +10˚C indoors, then the use of solutions does not require the addition of antifreeze modifiers.

If the temperature is from +5˚ to +8˚C, the mixture when poured should have values ​​not lower than +8˚C.

If the air in the house is above +23˚C, it is necessary to evenly moisten the plastered surface.

In summer, during dry, hot times at temperatures above 30˚C and humidity less than 50%, it is necessary to maintain humidity in the plastered areas and add special plasticizers.

Is it possible to live in an unheated room in winter?

There are lime-cement and lime plaster mixtures, the air temperature when working with them is from -10˚ to +25˚C.

When plastering with such mixtures, the heating of the solution itself and the application surface should not be lower than +5˚C.

The mixture should be prepared in a heated part of the building, when the temperature drops below +5˚C during the day, and at night

At what temperature is it possible if there is no heating

Work on plastering buildings can be carried out at sub-zero temperatures. Mixtures are used that contain cement and sometimes lime, with the addition of anti-frost components:

To reduce labor intensity, it is better to prepare aqueous solutions of the required percentage and pour them into the prepared composition.

It is prohibited to use potash, calcium nitrate with urea or sodium nitrite as frost-resistant additives when plastering buildings with high (above 60%) humidity or operating at temperatures above 40 °C.

More complete information on the preparation and use of plaster mixtures is presented in SP-82-101-98 and SNiP 3.04.01–87

Plastering a wall outdoors

Plastering outdoors is carried out if the temperature is from – 30˚ to +5˚C, taking into account the above requirements and there is no wind. When using water-based mixtures without frost-resistant additives - not lower than +5˚C.

Temperature conditions inside the house

Installation of sheet metal gypsum plasters can be conducted on:

•   metal lathing;
•   wooden frame;
•   glue pad.

Installation on metal carcass It is better to carry out at a positive temperature to avoid sweating in places of contact with metal.

Installation on an adhesive base, as well as priming and filling of joints, is best done when the air inside the building is heated to at least +10˚C.

What happens if you don’t comply with the temperature regime?

When deviating from the temperature regime, briefly and within small limits, the plastered walls lose their flatness and take on wave-like shapes. More severe violations of the technology entail loss of layer strength, decreased adhesion to the load-bearing layer, the appearance of cracks, even to the collapse of the layer.

If factory-made plaster mixtures are used, read the factory instructions. Plastering inside the house is best done at temperatures from +10 to +30˚C. Plastering outdoors in the range below +5˚С must be carried out in calm weather or with the installation of a protective vestibule. When adding antifreeze modifiers, you must be careful.

Useful video

For those of us who have done our own construction own home One of the main problems is winter work. At what temperature can you plaster outdoors? We will find the answer to this question.

The basic requirements for plastering work are specified in SNiP 3.04.01–87 “Insulating and finishing coatings" and SP 82-101-98 "Preparation and use of construction mortars", which stipulates what permissible temperature for plaster.

Air temperatures below +5°C make it possible to use solutions only with antifreeze additives– chemical hardeners, which enable the plaster to gain its design strength at minus temperatures. Chlorine water, potash and ammonia water are recommended as such additives.

Chlorine water

A solution mixed with chlorine water can be used down to -25° C. The additive is prepared as follows: bleach is added to water heated to 35° C in a proportion of 15 kg/100 liters and stirred until completely dissolved. The composition is allowed to sit for 1–1.5 hours, poured into a sealable container, and used as needed. Cement and complex plaster mortars are prepared using chlorine water; brick, concrete, and wood are plastered.

IMPORTANT: when working with chlorine compounds, you must wear a respirator and a full set of protective clothing, including rubberized, insulated gloves and boots.

Potash

Potash solution is used for cement, cement-clay and cement-lime mortars. The volume of the modifier in the solution is calculated based on the air temperature: above -5°C potash is added to 1% of the volume in dry form; at -5 - 15°C 1.5% is required; if the temperature is lower, add 2% modifier.

A mixture of cement, powdered clay and sand is prepared in a ratio of 1:0.2:4 to 1:0.5:6. The finished composition is mixed with an aqueous solution of potash.

The proportion for a composition of cement and lime is 4:1 by weight.

Cement mortar is prepared in a ratio of 1:3. The mixture is produced at aqueous solution potash salts at a temperature ≥+5°C.

IMPORTANT: The solution is used within an hour and stored in an insulated container. Work in a respirator and a full set of protective clothing!

Ammonia water

The additive is produced industrially; under construction conditions it is diluted with water to the required concentration, at a temperature of water and modifier no higher than +5°C, in order to prevent ammonia from evaporating. The finished solution should have a concentration of 6%; for this, 3.16 liters of water are added per liter of the factory 25% composition; the 15% composition is diluted with 1.5 liters of water.

Ammonia water is used as a modifier with cement and cement-lime plaster.

IMPORTANT: It is prohibited to use ammonia water as a modifier for compositions containing gypsum, clay and purely limestone.

When working on concrete, use a cement mixture of composition 1:2 – 1:4; on brick, slag concrete and wood they work with cement - lime - sand mixture composition 1:1:6 – 1:1:9.

To dissolve lime, the temperature of ammonia water should not be lower than +5°C. Depending on the temperature of the environment, change the temperature of the solution: at -15°C - solution +2 - +3°C; at -25°C solution ≥+5°C. Plastering with compounds modified with ammonia water is possible down to a temperature of -30°C.

In addition to these three modifiers for winter work, potassium chloride and sodium chloride are also used, but their use can lead to efflorescence after defrosting. The above methods for preparing winter plaster have been time-tested, but it is difficult to apply them for small areas of an individual house: the process is busy, it is difficult to maintain the required proportions of solutions.

Modern materials

Agree, when modern technologies we use ready-made ones more often building mixtures: it's easier, faster, more economical. The construction industry is experiencing a need to extend finishing work into the winter.

Ready-made dry building mixtures for sub-zero temperatures are the answer to this request. Foreign and domestic companies produce many plastering compounds for winter, and the list is regularly updated. Companies HENKEL, VETONIT, BERGAUF, TERTA, REMIX in their product line have mixtures for performing work at temperatures down to -10°C. These frost-resistant plasters, with different compositions, have several positive characteristics:

1. Durability (manufacturer's warranty for 10 years).
2. Waterproof.
3. Temperature conditions for use range from -50 to +70°C.
4. High ripening speed.
5. Elasticity.
6. No efflorescence.

TO negative qualities This may include the severity of the finishing layer (above standard), difficulty in working; a small number of surface designs: as a rule, these are “bark beetle”, “fur coat” and two types of pebble plaster with small and medium-sized grains. Questions: is it possible to plaster in winter, at what temperature outside can you plaster - these do not arise with new products.

Preparing the wall

What determines the durability of winter plaster? When plastering a facade in winter, high-quality preparation of the facade wall plays a huge role. The base must be thoroughly cleaned of ice, residues masonry mortar and efflorescence, degrease and dry.

You cannot use water for cleaning - in the cold it will freeze and become ice. When laying masonry with filling the joints with mortar (not “waste material”), notches must be made on the facade. The prepared surface is primed to increase adhesion, and some primer compositions do not require it, which is noted in the material data sheet.

Plaster work in winter

The temperature range of water for mixing the plaster mixture is from +20 to +35°C. It is forbidden to prepare the solution at temperatures above +15 and below 0. Before preparing the plaster, the mixture is heated to a temperature above zero.

Solutions set quickly, so the plaster composition is made from ready-made mixtures prepare as needed, avoiding cooling below +5. The rules for mixing the mixture and working with plaster compositions may change in accordance with the manufacturer’s technology. The rules prescribed in the instructions for the material must be followed strictly if you want to get a high-quality coating.

Summary

To the question: is it possible to plaster walls in winter, we answer with confidence - it is possible. But work in winter conditions requires additional effort and financial costs. If we're talking about about the construction industry - yes, working with winter mixtures extends the construction season, and is especially beneficial in northern regions with a short period of positive temperatures.

If we are talking about an individual developer in middle lane Russia - yes, in winter it is easier to find a team of builders to complete turnkey finishing, the cost of the work will be somewhat lower. But, if you do not have the skills of a builder and want to do the plastering yourself in the winter, think about whether it would be better to wait until spring or entrust the work to professionals?

It often happens that the process of building a building continues in winter. Therefore, the question at what temperature can be plastered becomes the most pressing.

But it is no less important in such conditions what rules should be followed. We will try to answer all this below.

Conditions and preparatory work

In winter it is necessary to plaster, observing a number of additional requirements. Wall humidity should not be higher than 8%. doors and windows, niches and others structural elements buildings subject to rapid cooling must be carried out before the onset of winter. When working with them, the solution must have a temperature of +8° and above.

This is only possible when the bunkers and mortar pipelines (with machine plastering) are insulated, and the temperature in the rooms is kept at a level of +10 °C.

The result of plastering work in an unheated room

External plastering work at temperatures below -5 ° C is allowed only with solutions that contain chemical modifiers, giving them the ability to harden in the cold and achieve design strength. You can also work with solutions containing ground quicklime.

Walls built using the freezing method can be plastered if the wall on the work side has thawed to a depth of at least half of it. The use of heated water to speed up the process of heating walls and removing ice from them is strictly prohibited.

Premises requiring plastering are prepared in advance. Be sure to caulk the cracks between window frames, door frames and walls, plaster the slopes, and glaze the windows. Doors are installed and closed tightly, interfloor and attic floors insulated.

In winter, plastering can be done at an average temperature in rooms near external walls at a height of 50 cm from the floor level of at least +8 ° C.

The temperature near the ceiling should not exceed +30 °C. At higher temperatures, the solution quickly dries out, cracks and loses strength.

Heating and drying

Heater for drying plaster (price - from 14,000 rubles)

Materials based on different binders are dried in different ways. Requires a small volume for drying and curing carbon dioxide. Drying using the accelerated method is contraindicated: the plaster becomes fragile and cracks severely.

Lime, lime-gypsum finishes take about 10-14 days to dry. The room should be ventilated two to three times a day. Cement, cement-lime mortars require 6-7 days to dry.

The room is not ventilated, because... the solution needs moist air. When drying plasters from complex mixtures, use the main binder as a guide.

The best heating for normal hardening of plaster is central. If it as well stove heating No, it’s a temporary arrangement.

If the volume of work is large, air heaters are used. They dry the plaster for about 6-8 days at a temperature of +30 °C. As soon as it dries to a humidity of 8%, the temperature in the room is set to +8 ° C, so the walls will not cool down and will not become covered with damp spots.

Heaters can also be used. The installation kit includes the heater itself with a firebox, a blower unit with centrifugal fan, which forces hot gas through pipes, a set of pipes and another fan that forces air.

Solutions with antifreeze additives

To the question: is it possible to plaster in cold weather, the answer is simple.

In unheated rooms, as well as outside at sub-zero temperatures, plaster is prepared with chemical additives.

Chlorine water

For external work, mixtures are used that are mixed with chlorinated water. They can operate at temperatures down to -25 °C.

To prepare the additive, pour water into the boiler and heat to +35 °C. Place bleach in a container at the rate of 15 kg per 100 liters of water. Stir the mixture until the lime is completely dissolved. The resulting milk should sit for 1-1.5 hours.

Drain the sludge into a supply container and use as needed. The composition must not be heated above +35 °C, otherwise the chlorine will evaporate. It is prohibited to use chlorinated water that has not settled; if turbidity gets into the plaster, it will crack.

This additive can be used to make cement and complex mortars and to plaster brick, concrete and wooden surfaces. You can't do it on it.

For cinder block, brick and wooden walls it is necessary to use chlorinated mixtures: cement + lime + sand in a ratio of 1:1:6 or cement + clay with slag + sand in a ratio of 1:1.5:6. Concrete is plastered with cement-sand mortar in a ratio of 1:3.

Attention! When working with chlorine mixtures, wear a respirator, canvas overalls, rubberized gloves, an apron and boots. After drying, such solutions are harmless, since the chlorine gradually evaporates from them.

Potash

Solutions with a potash additive do not form efflorescence and do not contribute to metal corrosion; they are recommended for plastering mesh-reinforced structural elements.

Cement, cement-clay and cement-lime mixtures are made using potash water solution. To make plaster mortars, low-grade cement is used. The volume of added potash depends on the air temperature.

If this indicator is not lower than -5 ° C, potash needs 1% of the volume of the mixture in a dry state. At an air temperature of -5 - -15 °C, 1.5% additive is needed. If it is frosty outside, below -15 °C, add 2% additive.

Cement-clay mortars with sand filler are prepared in proportions from 1:0.2:4 to 1:0.5:6. Dried clay is mixed with cement and sand, and then mixed with an aqueous potash solution.

Cement-lime mixtures should contain no more than 20% lime (by weight of cement).

Cement mortars should be non-greasy, in a ratio of 1:3. Potash salt dissolves in water, which is used to make the mixture. To work, you must use a solution with a temperature above +5 °C.

Note! It must be used within an hour after preparation.

The solution is stored in an insulated container. It is necessary to dress in the same way as when working with chlorinated solutions.

The photo shows ammonia water

This modifier is produced in factories, and construction site diluted to the desired concentration. It is necessary to ensure that the temperature of both ammonia and ordinary water with which it is diluted does not exceed +5 ° C. At higher temperatures, ammonia will evaporate.

If the concentration of ammonia in water is 25%, then to obtain a finished additive with a 6% concentration, 3.16 liters of ordinary water are added to each liter of factory solution. If ammonia water with a 15% concentration was purchased, then 1.5 liters of water are added per 1 liter.

Instructions for DIY use:

This modifier should be stored in hermetically sealed containers; glass bottles with ground stoppers are suitable for this.

Ammonia water can be added to cement and cement-lime-sand mortars, but lime-gypsum, cement-clay and lime mixtures cannot be mixed with this additive.

When grouting concrete surfaces it is necessary to use cement mixtures in proportions 1:2-1:4. For plastering work on brick, slag concrete and wooden surfaces— cement-lime-sand compositions must have proportions of 1:1:6-1:1:9.

Lime is diluted with ammonia water, the temperature of which should not be lower than +5 ° C. The heating temperature of the plaster mortar depends on that of the outside air.

If the outside air is cooled to -15 °C, then the temperature of the solution when working with it should be +2-3 °C. When the outside air conditions are down to -25 °C, the temperature of the mixture must be maintained at a level of at least +5 °C.

Solutions with an ammonia additive can be used at ambient temperatures down to -30 °C and it is best

Finishing with an ammonia modifier after freezing is highly durable and its surface film does not peel off. Such plasters continue to gain strength both in the cold and at positive temperatures, after thawing.

Bottom line

We hope our material was useful to you. All we can do is offer you a video in this article and wish you good luck in the difficult construction business.

As you know, plastering a facade in cold weather is not an easy task, because the process of constructing a building often continues in winter. In this regard, the question arises at what temperature the surface of a building can be plastered and what rules should be followed.

Plastering walls, if necessary, in winter is possible when using heated solutions and at a temperature of no more than -15°C. If you need to carry out the plastering process at the lowest temperatures, you will need to thoroughly heat the surfaces of the walls and other partitions.

The main requirements for the process of plastering facades in frost include:

1. Maintaining the humidity of walls and other partitions, which should not exceed 8%.
2. Maintaining the solution during plastering of slopes (doors and windows), niches and other structural elements of the building that are subject to the fastest cooling, at a temperature of more than +8...+10°C. However, if possible, it is still recommended to carry out these manipulations with the above elements before the onset of cold weather. Because to maintain a temperature level of + 10°C in the premises, additional enhanced insulation will be required.
3. Plaster (at average room temperature) on the external floors of a building in frost at a height of 500 mm from the floor level should be at least +8°C; at the same time, near the ceiling it should not exceed +25...+30°С, because at higher temperatures, the solution can quickly dry out and crack, losing its strength.
4. External plastering work at ambient temperatures below 5°C, it can only be carried out with a solution containing chemical modifiers that can make it susceptible to hardening in frost and help achieve the design strength. It is also possible to plaster in winter with a mortar containing ground quicklime.
5. It is possible to plaster external walls that were built using the freezing method and that, due to manipulations with the façade plaster, have thawed the wall to a depth of at least half of it. At the same time, the use of warm water to speed up the process of warming up the facade walls and eliminating ice from them is strictly prohibited.

Frost-resistant plaster mixture, its advantages and specificity

Plastering in winter (especially when compared with ordinary summer plaster mortar) has an abundance of advantages and differences, of which the key ones are:

1. A large number of defrosting cycles, allowing for an impeccable appearance of the building façade even after 15-20 years of operation. Ordinary plaster at the same time, it is guaranteed to last only a few years, after which it will gradually begin to crack, fall off and require local ceiling repairs.
2. Wide range of temperatures. Frost-resistant plaster successfully withstands cold temperatures down to -50°C, and also feels good at +70°C; this makes it extremely reliable for use in any regional zones of the country.
3. The excellent “elasticity” of the finishing consistency prevents the appearance of cracks during temperature changes, which entails a reduction in money spent on repair and construction work on the building.
4. Fast drying period. Due to its special texture, the frost-resistant plaster mixture begins to harden just 2-3 hours after application, and it will take only a day for it to dry completely.
5. Increased degree of water resistance. Due to its moisture-proof characteristics, the frost-resistant solution is considered almost a surrogate of water-repellent plaster mixtures, which makes it universally suitable facing material for façade exterior works.

Preliminary preparation of the surface of facade walls for plastering the facade in cold weather

Before plastering the walls of a room that requires such manipulation, you need to prepare everything in advance. To do this you must:

• caulk all the gaps between window frames, door frames and walls;
• in a warmer period, plaster the slopes in advance;
• glaze the windows;
• doorways must be installed ahead of time with tight cover;
• Insulate interfloor and attic floors.

An acceptable alternative is to set up a special unit at the construction site where the solutions will be heated, but it is more profitable to prepare the mixtures directly on the territory of the manufacturer and deliver them to the construction site packaged in packs, i.e. dosed.

In local conditions, fine sand is used to create a solution, which, after sifting, is heated in a container over a fire or other heating surface. Without a doubt, plastering in winter is a very serious matter, so lime should be taken ground and freshly slaked, otherwise it will carbonize during transportation; or use lime paste.

The complexity of the operation, which lies in the dilemma at what temperature it is possible to plaster, when using slaked lime, is a large generation of heat during operation, which entails, accordingly, an increase in humidity in the room. Help to survive the winter plaster mortar on the wall with least losses The use of antifreeze additives will help.

In terms of consistency, the main composition of the finishing mixture includes cement, lime and sand (in a ratio of 1:1:4). The use of salts when plastering a facade in frost is dangerous, as efflorescence may occur after drying.

In winter, plastering of both wooden and concrete (or brick) facades can be done using special technologies, which will not allow the mixture to freeze when performing finishing and facade work.