Room for a gasoline generator. Generator installation

Installing a generator in a dacha - how to connect an electric generator to a house or dacha.

We connect the electric generator to the house

The power of the electric generator is selected based on needs. When the power goes out, it is important to supply power to the vital components of your home - the heating system, water supply system, and electric lighting system.

If your generator will be permanently located in the same place where it will work, you need to connect it according to a permanent circuit. That is, we switch wires without breaks in the power circuit from the generator to the electrical panel of the house. If the place of operation of the generator differs from the place of its permanent location, then we install a special socket at the place of operation of the electric generator.

In some populated areas Power outages happen quite often. Shutdowns, some kind of accidents - the reasons for this can be different. We will not complain about what is happening, but rather look for an option on how to resolve this vital moment. Nowadays, you can use different sources to illuminate your home: paraffin candles, flashlights (including LED), electric generators... The choice of the optimal source depends on many factors, ranging from the frequency of outages to the availability of financial resources to resolve this issue. If you have the means and the need, you need to choose an electric generator.
The power of the electric generator is selected based on needs. When the power goes out, it is important to supply power to the vital components of your home - the heating system, water supply system, and electric lighting system.

How to connect an electric generator to your home without resorting to outside help? An important condition When connecting an electric generator, there is its placement. When choosing a location, you need to consider and remember two main points - exhaust emissions and noise during operation. If these two points are addressed correctly, the generator will not annoy you with its operation. A the right decision the generator will be located at some distance from the living space. One in which the exhaust gases would not be audible and the noise level would be acceptable.

Before you start connecting the generator to your home, you need to understand some of the features of the product - study the passport. Then we select the cross-section of the wire that we will use when laying the lines.

Functional features of Chinese generators

I want to start right away with the fact that Chinese generators made for Chinese or European consumers are very high-quality products. In countries where people have money to pay, the products supplied meet all the highest standards. It is in the European arena that the struggle for consumers is being waged. This is where the best quality Chinese generators are sold.

Generators are supplied to CIS countries at a price significantly lower than the European one, designed for their customers. The components, as you guessed, are also for CIS consumers. But there is no need to despair, because Chinese generators supplied to Ukraine correspond to the Ukrainian buyer not only in price, but also in technical specifications. In any case, Chinese generators perform their functions well. After all, they differ not only in price and components, but also in the purpose of the generator itself.
The difference between a Chinese generator for a European and a Ukrainian

Nowhere in Europe are there electrical networks of such low quality as in Ukraine. In the West, electrical problems in businesses or homes are more likely to be caused by electrical repair robots operating nearby (or other similar causes, which are extremely rare). That is, electricity goes out very, very rarely. In our case, there is no need to explain the situation... Generators in our homes mainly play the role of a backup power source - a vital necessary thing in a house where there are constant problems with electricity. For the European consumer, a generator is like a power source for an expensive power tool, which is recommended for use with personal power supply. Chinese generators supplied to Europe produce higher quality electricity. In order to do this, expensive components are needed, the price of the Honda EM10000 RG rises accordingly.

No need to forget that it’s a power tool and that’s it electrical devices, which are supplied to Ukraine (or produced here), are also designed for a lower quality power grid. They simply do not need to consume electricity highest quality. But when we're talking about about expensive equipment (high-quality power tools, musical equipment, medical equipment, etc.), then it is really worth buying an expensive generator.

It is believed that Chinese generators have a shorter service life - this is not true at all. Any generator has a long service life if you follow all the rules of its operation. It is because of violations of operating rules that generators fail.

Is it worth buying Chinese generators?

We are accustomed to the fact that Chinese products are of poor quality, constantly break down, and sometimes even do not perform their functions. But don't forget that you are not going to buy a toy. Chinese typewriter and not a Chinese-made umbrella. Products of this level cannot be counterfeited. To manufacture a generator, several conveyors are required at the factory, and it is impossible to obtain unique components for assembling a generator without purchasing a patent. All factories of this size undergo constant quality checks at every stage of production. So I advise you to think about whether it is worth buying a Chinese generator? Is it worth saving crazy money by purchasing high-quality products designed for the Ukrainian consumer?

Types of modern generators and their functional differences

Types of generating devices

The grading of generators depends on the type of fuel they use. There is a gasoline generator; for a summer residence this is the most common option. As they say, cheap and cheerful. There is a diesel generator - everything here is much more complicated and efficient. Diesel provides a lot of energy, but it is also more expensive. The third type is gas generators for dachas, the most innovative type of micropower plant in your home.

Gasoline electric generator

Most regular option. The average power of such a unit is ten kilowatts and can operate for half a day without interruption.
Let's immediately turn to the advantages: gasoline-powered generators make very little noise, are easy to turn on, and are inexpensive.
There are two types: inverter generators and synchronous ones. The former are more practical, since they can provide power even to equipment that is voracious in nature.

In addition to the gasoline generator, there is also its brother - the diesel generator. This is the choice of generator for your dacha if you plan to use it for a long time electrical energy. This monster can work up to five thousand hours without rest! True, there is one thing: it is expensive, and it makes too much noise, like an installation at a substation. When it's working, you won't be able to sleep.

Third type electrical installation- This is a gas generator. Such devices can work around the clock, they are economical, gas itself is much cheaper than any combustible fuel. And, best of all, this unit makes virtually no noise. But it is also expensive, much more expensive than even the most functional samples of its competitors. Therefore, we will abandon the idea of ​​gas generators - it is too expensive at the initial stage.

The power of the generator for the dacha plays a paramount role in the correct and deliberate choice of an assistant for long years. It all depends on exactly how much energy you expect to use from the device. Basically, for a summer residence, they buy a generator that will ensure the operation of light bulbs, a TV, a computer and a radio. But if your plans include using construction tools, then it is necessary to provide significantly greater capacities.

In order to calculate the total total power, you should add the power of each of your home appliances together, and then add another thirty percent of this number for additional costs.

On average, a cottage requires 10 or 15 kilowatts.
To provide your home with uninterrupted power for a long period of time, we advise you to purchase a diesel unit, since it will be more economical, will work longer, and will ensure uninterrupted operation on an adequate scale.
It is advisable that the generator set be equipped with a water cooling system, which will help reduce any risks to a minimum.

First, let's look at synchronicity. If you have a lot of voltage that does not require heating, then you can safely install a synchronous machine. If you have at your disposal a device that can easily fail if overheated, then it is best not to take risks, but to make yourself a generator without synchronization, that is, asynchronous. The latter are also good where an increased power value is required, because they make it possible to provide quite significant increases in power over those originally calculated.

Now let's go through the clock cycles of the generator:

Installations with two strokes are good because they allow for ease of installation, and they are easy to transport, since the weight allows them.
But there are also significant disadvantages, due to which such generators are much inferior to four-stroke ones. First of all, it is gluttony: such an engine requires large amounts of raw materials, while the four-stroke model is much more economical in this regard, and it can operate for up to five thousand hours without interruption.

Note that if you need to install a generator that will be used for less than five hundred hours a year, then it is best to purchase a device with a high rotor speed (more than 3000 rpm). This way you can save both money and extra energy without difficulty.

Finally, it is possible to distinguish between systems that operate automatically, that is, without human presence, and systems that operate in manual mode with a strict link to direct control. The latter are cheaper, but you will have to control their every step yourself. The first ones are more expensive, but they are much more autonomous. If you do not have the opportunity to constantly be near the generator, then it is better to choose the first option.

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Generators are necessary for work electrical systems and uninterrupted power supply.

Currently, there are several types of generators:

• runs on inexpensive and clean fuel. This option is the most environmentally friendly and economical, and does not make noise. Gas generator Doesn't make much noise when working.
• main advantages: average cost, long service life, cheap cost generated energy. The disadvantages include its strong noise, not environmentally friendly and high consumption fuel.
• It runs on more expensive fuel, but its advantages are low noise level and low cost, making it the most popular among buyers.

How to install a generator

Once your chosen generator has been purchased, it is time to think about how and where to install it.

When installing a generator outdoors, you need to take care of its heating and exhaust gases. To do this, the equipment must be protected from the negative impact of the surrounding space, and the air supply must not be cut off.

To protect the generator, special canopies, casings and containers are used.

Advantages of installing a generator in a casing.

• Compactness and mobility;
• Low noise level;
• Increased service life;
• High reliability (protection level IP54);
• Practicality of service;
• Ventilation, gas exhaust, cooling;
• Anti-vandalism (locked with a key);
• Low cost.

Features of the type of container execution.

• Ventilation;
• Possibility of mounting any generator;
• Noise insulation 65-70 dB; 73-83 dB;
• Protection level (IP 54 outdoor installation);
• Feasibility of installing additional devices (for example, a heater);
• Possibility of installing a lock.

There are several types of containers. The most famous models are made from sandwich and false panels, as well as containers made from solid metal.

5 main stages of installing a generator on the street.

1. Foundation. A concrete stand is used, and rubber gaskets, which will provide additional support and will also reduce noise and vibration. You need to know what weight concrete base should be twice the weight of the device on it.
2. Shock absorbers.
3. Many generators are equipped with special shock absorbers, which can significantly reduce the level of vibration; for their correct operation, the generator must be well secured to its foundation.
4. Air supply.
5. It is necessary to ensure access to clean, cool air into the generator, free from impurities and dust. For this, it is recommended to install special filters and fans.

Ventilation. During operation, the generator tends to heat up, and in order to increase its service life, an air exhaust system is installed into its container. The ventilation and cooling system is often already provided complete with special casings. Traffic fumes. The container must be equipped with an exhaust gas removal system and a special muffler to reduce the noise of the generator. Exhaust back pressure should not exceed the norm specified for engine installation. The permissible load on the engine must not be exceeded. The exhaust system must be short in length and have a minimum of bends. In the opposite case, this may affect the reduction in power. At the moment, a diesel generator is quite

complex system, the use of which requires the creation of certain conditions, competent maintenance and timely diagnostic measures. Before you buy a generator, at the design stage it is necessary to take into account the entire range of features of this equipment.

To see examples of devices that are safe for indoor installation, go to the section Diesel generators >> First of all, the generator is installed in separate room, which must be properly organized and equipped. A separate room is required for a number of reasons, one of which is that the diesel station creates quite a

high level

The dimensions of the room are determined by the size of the station and associated equipment and systems. At least 1.5 m must remain free on all sides. The strength of the floor on which the installation will be carried out is also important. The base of such a floor must be shock-absorbing (due to vibrations that occur during engine operation) and be at least 150-200 mm thick. With a high generator mass, the requirements naturally increase. Also, if the room is likely to flood, the generator is mounted above the floor level.

Organization of the ventilation system

During the generation of electricity, quite a lot of energy is released a large number of heat. The main sources of heat are directly diesel engine, generator and its cooling systems. Improperly organized working space and overall poor cooling can cause a significant reduction in generator efficiency and cause overheating. First of all, you need to create effective system ventilation, which will be able to provide cooling of the air in the room.

The size of ventilation shafts and openings is selected taking into account the power of the station and the design features of the room. The air used in the operation of the generator must be cleaned of dust and other impurities. Poor quality air impairs the efficiency of the system and reduces the service life of parts and mechanisms (most of all in this case negative influence exposed camera internal combustion). To purify the air, a special air filter and a protective mesh are used to remove larger particles from the air.

Exhaust system organization

Particular attention must be paid to the correct removal of exhaust gases. The exhaust air must leave the system freely, since if there are obstacles in its path, it will cause back pressure, which shortens the life of the generator and reduces its efficiency.

Compliance with all the above recommendations will ensure the most productive operation of the power plant and increase its service life. If these recommendations are neglected, then the output can be only 10-20% of the total generator power at the same fuel consumption.

When installing a gas generator indoors, the following conditions must be observed:

1. The room must correspond necessary requirements for operation of the gas generator.
2. Installation quality system gas exhaust.
3. Installation of supply and exhaust ventilation system.

Required room parameters

The room must be heated, the temperature inside should not be less than +5°C. The room must be equipped with electrical and fire safety, must also be observed sanitary standards. There should be no condensation.

The dimensions of the room itself must provide the possibility of changing oil, refueling, repairs and maintenance. At major renovation For installation and dismantling, the doorway must be of sufficient size.

The gas generator can be located on the balcony, on any floor of the building or in the basement, in an attic extension or in a separate room. Most often, for the convenience of staff and savings, the gas generator is located in the basement. The generator room must be large to provide air exchange, as well as clearance around the engine and generator to allow for maintenance.

Gas exhaust system

An exhaust system is installed to remove exhaust gases from the premises. It must be connected to the power plant muffler. The system consists of an adapter for the muffler hole of the required length to a thermally insulated corrugated hose, which goes outside the room to remove harmful exhaust gases. The pipe should extend beyond the building and be located above the canopy of the house to prevent gases from blowing into the windows.

Supply and exhaust ventilation system

The room for installing a gas generator must have a large area and inflow fresh air for engine cooling. Installing a gas generator in a room with insufficient space is only possible when installing forced ventilation power station with inflow and outflow of cold fresh air. Openings must be well protected from snow and rain.

When connecting an electric generator, you have to deal with three networks: a common centralized network, a network of energy consumers, and wiring from the generator. Their connection and interaction determines the specific connection scheme. There are three ways to power devices that consume energy from an electric generator.

Energy consumers are plugged directly into the generator outlet. This scheme is very simple and does not need explanation. It does not require the creation of any additional circuits or connections to the network.

The generator is connected to a consumer network that is in no way connected to the centralized network (it may be absent altogether). In this case, the wires coming from the generator are permanently connected to the wiring of power consumers. This connection diagram for a gasoline generator (diesel generator) is called permanent. The main thing that should be taken care of in this case is that the cross-sections of the wiring wires correspond to the rated current of the generator.

The generator, through manual or automatic switching devices, is connected into a single circuit with a centralized network and consumer wiring. This connection diagram for a gas generator allows, in the event of a power failure in the centralized network, to easily and quickly power all consumers from the generator. It's called backup.

Unlike the first method, which does not require any preparation (the plug of the powered tool or device is plugged directly, or through an extension cord, into the socket located on the generator control panel), the last two methods require competent preparatory work. The third (backup) connection scheme is the most complex and in demand.

Connection diagram for a generator as a backup power source

Circuit with manual mode switching. When the voltage in the central network disappears, by turning the switch key or the switch handle, they break the network of consumers from the central network and connect it to the wires from the generator. The switch must ensure that it is impossible to simultaneously connect electrical consumers to the centralized power grid and the generator (there must be an intermediate neutral position).

Reversing switches or changeover switches are used as a manual switch. When choosing these devices, you should pay attention to their rated currents. They must correspond to the current consumption (not be lower). Their design and connection diagram may differ significantly, for example, below is a diagram for a three-pole switch (one pole is not used) OT40F3C (far from the cheapest option).

In addition to the manual switch, you can install an indicator, the function of which is to indicate the presence or absence of voltage in the central network. It is connected between phase and neutral of the central network. These can be special modular 220V indicators, or cheaper (20 times) 220V LED indicators in a closed case and with already soldered wiring.

The weak point of these indicators is that they are connected before the fuses.

Circuit with automatic mode switching. The automatic circuit for connecting the electric generator allows, in the event of a power failure in the central network, to turn on the generator automatically without human intervention. This work is performed by an ATS (automatic transfer transfer) unit, consisting of a whole set of devices - contactors, voltage control relays, circuit breakers, display elements.

A generator that turns on automatically must have an electric starter. To put the backup source into operation, you need to turn off the centralized network, start and warm up the generator, and connect the wiring from it to the consumer network. When central stress appears, the reverse work is done. All this is performed by the AVR unit.

Exist various systems automatic reserve entry, differing in their functionality. They work as follows, using the example of the ATS block from Champion for gasoline generator GG7000E. When the power supply from the central network is interrupted, the ATS unit startup program is launched. First, energy consumers are disconnected from the centralized network. After 2-3 seconds, the generator engine starts and its operation is checked. During normal operation of the unit, after 12 seconds. After starting the engine (warming up), the generator is connected to electricity consumers.

When the supply of electricity from the general network is restored, the system monitors the stability of the supplied electricity. If stability is detected within 10 seconds, the ATS automatically switches consumers to power from the public network. The generator runs without load for another 5 seconds, then the ATS system stops it.

Load switching procedure

Connection errors

Both are unacceptable. Plugging the generator wires into a consumer network socket, in the case of a heavy load, can cause destruction of the socket and electrical wiring with the risk of fire, since the size of the socket contacts and the cross-section of its wires are not designed for large currents flowing in the generator network. And if you do not turn off the centralized network (for example, forgetting), then when voltage appears in it, the generator will fail.

Electric generator installation

The installation site of the gas generator or diesel generator must be dry and level. There should be no fire hazards nearby.

Not every room is suitable for installing an electric generator. There are certain ventilation requirements. So, in a closed room it is necessary to organize supply and exhaust ventilation using a duct system or built-in fans. This will ensure the supply of cold air and the removal of heated air. If the generator is placed, for example, in a basement or pantry, it will overheat, even with an open window. As a result, the electric generator will break down.

Noise protection

When installing a diesel generator or gasoline generator, you need to make sure that the base on which the unit is installed is not rigidly connected to the building. It is advisable to install the generator on shock absorbers, the simplest of which can be a regular rubber gasket.

The noise emanating from the surface of the generator is reduced using noise-proof enclosures. Factory-made casings work most effectively - special containers in which shock- and vibration-insulating materials are used and supply and exhaust ventilation, providing the temperature regime necessary for normal operation of the generator.

You can make a container yourself, but this is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. Mainly due to the need to ensure effective ventilation.

Container for gas generator. Air is forced through the lower air duct closer to the engine.

The noise coming from the exhaust gases is reduced with the help of mufflers. But manufacturers prohibit the installation of additional mufflers, and making any changes to the design will void the warranty on the electric generator. Installing a muffler may result in reduced power and difficulty starting. Moreover, this is not the most effective method combat noise, because sounds arise not only from engine operation, but also from vibration. Therefore, it would be wiser to pay more attention to the place in which the electric generator is installed. It is recommended to upholster the walls in a room or casing with a special soundproofing material- in one or two layers, depending on how noisy the generator is.

Grounding

• a metal rod with a diameter of at least 15 mm and a length of at least 1.5 m;
• a metal pipe with a diameter of at least 50 mm and a length of at least 1.5 m;
• sheet of galvanized iron measuring at least 500x1000 mm.

Any grounding conductor must be immersed in the ground until the soil layers are constantly wet. Grounding switches must be equipped with clamps or other devices that ensure reliable contact connection ground wires with ground electrode. The opposite end of the wire is connected to the generator ground terminal.

Exhaust gas removal

The problem is that extending the exhaust pipe, like an additional muffler, creates additional resistance to the exhaust gases escaping. This significantly affects engine power, durability and fuel consumption. Resistance to the release of exhaust gases from the cylinder causes incomplete combustion of fuel, increasing operating temperature exhaust gases and soot formation. Typically, gas generator manufacturers prohibit lengthening the exhaust pipe and installing an additional muffler. To minimize exhaust outlet resistance, the following principles should be followed:

• The inner diameter of the pipe must be larger diameter generator exhaust pipe. The more (within reasonable limits) the better. And what longer pipe, the larger the diameter should be.
• The length of the work should be as short as possible.
• There should be the least amount of bends.
• The bends should be as smooth as possible.

Parts of the exhaust system must not be located near wood or other flammable materials. To reduce the temperature in the room, it is necessary to use non-flammable thermal insulation materials. Layer insulating material, wrapped around the piping, can significantly reduce the radiation of heat into the room from the exhaust system. Thermal insulation exhaust pipe is especially important when the electric generator operates in a wooden container.

A corrugated stainless steel hose, installed between the exhaust pipe of the electric generator and the rest of the pipeline, reduces the transmission of vibration from the engine to the pipeline and the building, and compensates for the forces resulting from thermal expansion. The design of the flexible section must allow either end to move in any direction without damage. The pipeline must not rest on the exhaust pipe of the electric generator.

The exhaust discharge system must be equipped with a condensate sump with a condensate drainage device, located in the lowest part of the pipe indoors. Or the corrugated stainless steel hose must have a bend below the level of the generator exhaust pipe to prevent street condensation from getting inside the electric generator.

The outlet must be under a canopy to prevent entry atmospheric precipitation into the system. It is also recommended to provide restrictions for children's access to the outer pipe, since the temperature and composition of the exhaust gases may pose a threat to their health.

The hole in the wall through which the pipe passes to the street must be insulated from high temperature pipes and to absorb vibration.

Failure to properly remove exhaust gases can cause death. Here are some examples:

"In a private residential building, dead girls of 14 years of age were found, poisoned carbon monoxide. The cause of death was a portable diesel generator. One of the girls, in the absence of her parents, invited two friends and, since the power supply was turned off in the house, she independently turned on the diesel generator. As a result of violation of operating procedures, three children suffocated from carbon monoxide."

“A family that died in the village of South Koryaki suffocated due to a working diesel generator, the exhaust gases of which entered the house. Use alternative source electricity, the family was forced by long power outages. As already reported, after the cyclone, part of the Elizovsky district remained without electricity for about a day and people tried to escape the cold as best they could. And only today the whole family, consisting of two sons, one of whom was a minor, a mother, father and their close relative, was discovered by neighbors without signs of life."

“According to preliminary data, on the evening of February 12, the men decided to take a steam bath in a wood-burning sauna. A 65-year-old Kurchatov resident set it up in basement your garage. The bathhouse was lit using a gasoline generator. Steam room lovers started the generator and began to put firewood into the firebox. The door was closed and exhaust gases from the gasoline generator quickly filled the closed garage space. The 50-year-old Kurchatov resident felt ill. He fell in the dressing room and suffocated with carbon monoxide. The garage owner, feeling the lack of oxygen, rushed to the garage door to open it. But I didn’t have time to do this. Having lost consciousness, the man fell on the threshold and also suffocated. The next day, relatives of the Kurchatovites, concerned about their long absence, opened the garage and, finding two corpses there, called the police."

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