Position of prepositions in a German sentence. German prepositions with translation: in Akkusativ, Dativ, Genitiv

Even though aller ends with -er, he is nevertheless irregular verb, and moreover - the most irregular verb French. It couldn't be more wrong. Linguists call it mystical because the truth about its origin is lost in the mists of time. It is known that the three stems alternating in its conjugation - all-, v- and ir- - go back to three different Latin verbs: ambulare, vadere and ire.

Basis on all-. The most reliable version of the genealogy of aller says that this root went from the Latin AMBULARE, meaning “to walk” (even in Russian the word “ambulatory” means “mobile”) through its imperative AMBULATE - the army command “marching!” - along the following chain: AMBULARE → AMBULATE → AMB"LATE → ALATE → ALARE. The last form is already folk Latin, a word recorded in the 7th century.

The fact is that after the fall of Rome, the Latin language, having lost “external control” in the form of the state, changed so quickly that three centuries later it was difficult to understand. To understand the text of the Bible, written in Latin, the monks had to write down in its margins translations of words and phrases that had become incomprehensible in their century. From these marginal glossaries we learn about how the language changed at that time.

Such a significant transformation of the word in such a short period: AMBULARE → ALARE - is also explained by the fact that in the language of the Gauls - the people who lived on the territory of modern France and conquered by the Romans - there was a verb amlāre with a similar meaning (well, it was a lucky coincidence). This spurred the process.

Second base option comes from the verb VADERE meaning move, rush; attack the enemy- again a military term, don’t you think?

This verb gives rise to four tense forms of aller. Here is their comparison in the present indicative mood:

And finally third base in conjugation aller comes from the Latin verb IRE, which means the entire spectrum of the verb go in all its civil senses. But this root was fixed in the French language only in the form of the future tense and in subjunctive mood:

In the subjunctive mood, similarity modern form with the Latin original it is even more noticeable:

Now about the peculiarities of conjugation.

In the imperative mood before the pronoun Y, after which there is no verb in the infinitive, the form "va" appears at the end of the letter s: va s-y, vas-y toi-même; vas-y pour me faire plaisir; and if an infinitive follows, s is not written: va y jeter un coup d"œil (look here); va y porter mes livres; va y chercher ta mère.

In the interrogative form it is written: va-t-il? And here hyphens are placed before and after t, because this letter is there solely for euphony. And in cases with s"en aller, the imperative is written: va-t"en! (fuck off!) - and the t is followed by an apostrophe to indicate that it is the pronoun te.

Of all the verbs in French special attention require incorrect ones, belonging to the third group. As a rule, they are easy to recognize by their non-standard initial forms. However, the exception is the verb aller (“to head, go, go”), which has the ending -er and thereby creates a false idea of ​​​​its conjugation.

Conjugation of the verb aller in the indicative mood

In the present tense in singular and in 3rd person plural the consonant v appears. The forms je vais, tu vas, il/ elle/ on va, ils/ elles vont begin with it. The remaining forms begin with all- and have standard endings.

Imparfait of this verb is easy to remember thanks to the initial letters all- and the endings standard for all verbs of this tense.

Passé Composé is built using auxiliary verbêtre and the participle allé(e), which agrees in gender and number with the subject. This applies not only to cases with a plural subject or elle, but also to all those sentences when the speaker or the one about whom we're talking about, female.

Je suis allé en Espagne quand j’étais 20 ans. - I went to Spain when I was 20.

Je suis allée en Russie pour faire les études là-bas. - I went to Russia to study there.

This feature appears in aller only in writing, V oral speech participle in masculine and feminine indistinguishable by ear.

In the plural, -s is added to the participle.

Hier nous sommes allé(e)s au musée. - Yesterday we went to the museum.

In Futur, the conjugation of the verb aller has the following features: a new vowel appears at the base and a consonant -r- characteristic of the future tense. Therefore, all forms begin with ir-.

Conditional mood

This mood allows you to express facts, the implementation of which depends on certain conditions. Therefore, in most subordinate clauses the conjunction si (if) occurs.

Si j'avais plus de temps, j'irais voir ce film au cinema. - If I had more time, I would go to watch this film in the cinema.

Speaking about the conditional mood, you need to remember that aller, among other things, is characterized by the presence of a stem from the future tense and endings from Imparfait. Since the verb is irregular, then in the future tense there will be a non-standard stem ir (in Conditionnel there will be j’ir-ais, tu ir-ais, etc., respectively).

Subjunctive mood of the verb aller

The conjugation in the present tense is built on two different bases: aill- and all-. The first is used with all singular forms, as well as in the plural with ils/elles; it is followed by unpronounceable endings (-e, -es, -e, -ent). The stem all- occurs only in the 1st and 2nd person plural forms, followed by endings beginning with -i- (-ions, -iez).

J'aimerais que nous allions au Sud cet été. - I would like us to go south this summer.

Imperative mood

In the present tense of this mood, the verb forms are as follows: va, allons, allez. It should be remembered that in the singular the final consonant -s disappears from the verb.

A mysterious and difficult verb aller, if you do not approach it properly. Aller belongs to verbs of group 3, although it ends in - er, whose ending is characteristic only of verbs of group 1. But this verb is an exception. And, naturally, the conjugation will be such that it cannot be attributed to any rule. You just need to learn it by heart, like verbs, for example, être and avoir.

Let's start by conjugating it in the present tense and indicative mood.

Several examples in speech when using its most common meanings:

go, walk, move around.
. Chaque matin monsieur Legrand va au bureau à bicyclette. Every morning Mr. Legrand goes to work on a bicycle.
. Pauline et Cécile vont chez le médcin dans l’après-midi, elles doivent le consulter. Polina and Cecile go to the doctor in the afternoon, they must consult with him.
. Comment est-ce que tu vas à l’Université? - J'y vais en rollers. How do you get to the university? - I go there on roller skates.

to flow, to develop, to be in process
. Je suis recru de fatigue, mais le travail va et moi, je travaille aussi! I'm dead tired, but the work is going on, and I'm working too!
. Attends! Regard! Il me semble qu'il respire, oui, oui, et son pouls va aussi! Mon Dieu, il est en vie! Wait! Look! It seems to me that he is breathing, yes, and his pulse is beating! God, he's alive!

work, function
. La montre de mon mari va bien. My husband's watch is running correctly (exactly).
. Aujourd'hui nous faisons aller ce mécanisme. Today we will put this mechanism into action.

Approach, correspond, go - be fitting.
. Ce chapeau de feutre me va parfaitement bien. This felt hat suits me perfectly.
. Est-ce que What's the point? So will it be good for you? So will it suit you?
. Cet écharpe en mohaire lui va. This fur scarf suits her.

get to, get to someone.
. La maison de famille et l'argent vont aux enfants parce qu'ils sont ses héritiers. The family home and money will go to the children because they are his heirs.
Go for smth.
. Jury de competition sportive va aux voix. The sports jury proceeds to voting.
. Les observateurs vont aux opinions. Observers are collecting votes.

reach, reach, reach.
. Ses cheveux lui vont au coccyx. She has hair down to her tailbone.
. L'eau nous va jusqu'aux genoux. The water reaches our knees.

We must not forget about the use of the verb aller in the meaning: to feel, to live, to live. After all, a rare greeting can do without it.
. Bonjour, why not? Good afternoon. How are you?
. Qu'est-ce qui te prend? Tu vas bien? What happened to you? Are you feeling good?
. Ces malades vont mal. These patients are bad.

It turns out that when it comes to age, you can not only use the verb avoir, but also aller. This design inherent in spoken language.
. Elle va déjà sur ses quarante ans. She is already in her fourth decade.

The verb aller is also used with the pronominal adverb y.

And this, of course, is not all of its meanings that exist. If you open a dictionary entry, you can find about 25 meanings, or even more.

So we saw on various examples that the verb aller is an independent verb, but it can also be an auxiliary verb when forming the near future tense or Futur Immédiat. The name itself speaks for itself that the action is about to happen, very soon, and if not even this minute, then definitely in the very near future. Some examples in Russian: Today I'm going to go to the cinema with my girlfriend. In the afternoon I will participate in a scientific conference. Today I will stay at home because... I have a fever and a sore throat. I'll call you back later. All examples point to action in the future that is directly related to the present.

How is the near future tense formed?
This is the verb aller in the present tense according to the required person and number + the infinitive of the conjugated verb.
Je vais rester à la maison parce que j'ai mal au dos. I'll stay at home today because my back hurts.
Vas-tu préparer de la viande pour le dîner? Will you cook meat for dinner?
Elle va lire ce roman jusqu’à la fin vers 14 heures. She will have read this novel to the end by 2 p.m.
After all, our speech is not limited only to the present and near future tense.

Let's also consider the verb aller in the past.
The past participle or participe passé of the verb aller is formed in the same way as any other verb of group 1. This is the allé form. Forming Passé composé, it is used together with the verb être and has one feature - agreement in gender and number.

As you can see in the first example, the translation of which is “Yesterday Maria and her mother went to the market to buy a chicken,” agreement occurs in both gender and number. We must add the letter -e, because... Our subject is feminine, and don’t forget about the plural indicator -s, since we have two heroines in this example.

Also in the second example, the translation of which is “On vacation we went to London.” Since “we” is plural, we therefore add - s to agree on the sentence.

All these agreements can be seen very clearly in writing, which cannot be said about speech. The past participles allées and allés are read exactly the same in both examples - .

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Examples of using the verb aller with prepositions:

aller en mission - to go to business trip

aller faire qch- to go to do something, also to get ready to do something. : Il va lire ce livre - He is going to read this book, he is going to read this book.

Aller

quelque part (à, au, en, dans, sur,...): Aller en Italie, au Portugal, aux Pays-Bas, à Rome. Aller à l "université, au bureau, en prison. Aller dans la rue; sur la route.
chez quelqu"un: Aller chez le coiffeur, chez le boucher, chez Jacques, etc.

D "autres prépositions sont possibles dans des expressions comme: aller sur ses trente ans, aller contre la volunteer de quelqu"un, aller au bout de ses ideas, etc.
Lorsque le verbe aller signifie "convenir", le complément d"objet indirect est généralement un pronom: Laure a une nouvelle robe, elle ne lui va pas du tout (une phrase telle que: Elle ne va pas du tout à Laure est inusitée).

de quelque part à / en / au,... Aller de la maison à la plage, aller du Portugal au Brésil.

Avec le verbe aller, "de + lieu" ne peut pas se transformer en pronom "en". Le pronom complément de lieu « en » ne se trouve que dans l "expression s"en aller(partir): Je finis mon café et je m"en vais. Mais "en" (lorsqu"il n"est pas complément de lieu) peut se trouver dans certaines expressions impersonnelles comme: il en va de votre santé, il en va de mon honneur:

+ infinitif: Va chercher du pain.

Aller + infinitif peut être un auxiliaire de temps pour former le futur proche: Il va pleuvoir.

Difference between aller and venir.

Future tense with the verb aller

Of all the verbs in the French language, irregular verbs belonging to the third group require special attention. As a rule, they are easily recognized by their non-standard initial shapes. However, the exception is the verb aller (“to head, go, go”), which has the ending -er and thereby creates a false idea of ​​​​its conjugation.

Conjugation of the verb aller in the indicative mood

In the present tense, the consonant v appears in the singular and in the 3rd person plural. The forms je vais, tu vas, il/ elle/ on va, ils/ elles vont begin with it. The remaining forms begin with all- and have standard endings.

Imparfait of this verb is easy to remember thanks to the initial letters all- and the endings standard for all verbs of this tense.

Passé Composé is constructed using the auxiliary verb être and the participle allé(e), which agrees in gender and number with the subject. This applies not only to cases with a plural subject or elle, but also to all those sentences where the speaker or the one in question is female.

Je suis allé en Espagne quand j’étais 20 ans. - I went to Spain when I was 20.

Je suis allée en Russie pour faire les études là-bas. - I went to Russia to study there.

This feature is manifested in aller only in written form; in oral speech, the masculine and feminine participles are indistinguishable by ear.

In the plural, -s is added to the participle.

Hier nous sommes allé(e)s au musée. - Yesterday we went to the museum.

In Futur, the conjugation of the verb aller has the following features: a new vowel appears at the base and a consonant -r- characteristic of the future tense. Therefore, all forms begin with ir-.

Conditional mood

This mood allows you to express facts, the implementation of which depends on certain conditions. Therefore, in most subordinate clauses the conjunction si (if) is found.

Si j'avais plus de temps, j'irais voir ce film au cinema. - If I had more time, I would go to watch this film in the cinema.

Speaking about the conditional mood, we must remember that the conjugation of French verbs, including aller, is characterized by the presence of a stem from the future tense and endings from Imparfait. Since the verb is irregular, then in the future tense there will be a non-standard stem ir (in Conditionnel there will be j’ir-ais, tu ir-ais, etc., respectively).

Subjunctive mood of the verb aller

The conjugation in the present tense is built on two different bases: aill- and all-. The first is used with all singular forms, as well as in the plural with ils/elles; it is followed by unpronounceable endings (-e, -es, -e, -ent). The stem all- occurs only in the 1st and 2nd person plural forms, followed by endings beginning with -i- (-ions, -iez).

J'aimerais que nous allions au Sud cet été. - I would like us to go south this summer.

Imperative mood

In the present tense of this mood, the verb forms are as follows: va, allons, allez. It should be remembered that in the singular the final consonant -s disappears from the verb.