Is trichomoniasis dangerous? Trichomoniasis: main symptoms and course of treatment Trichomoniasis goes away on its own.

Lack of treatment for trichomoniasis is a direct path to weakening the immune system of both men and women. As a result, the human body is no longer able to resist not only Trichomonas, but also other pathogens. This leads to the fact that patients begin to fall ill with other quite dangerous ailments, one of which is HIV infection. Remember, you can strengthen the immune system through special dietary supplements (dietary supplements).

The presence of trichomonas in the human body also leads to the fact that these microorganisms begin to absorb leukocytes and red blood cells from it. An insufficient amount of these vital cells leads to both anemia and tissue destruction, exhaustion, and oxygen starvation. This disease is especially difficult for people who have any chronic diseases.

Secondly, it has been proven that this disease significantly disrupts the functioning of the body’s immune system, and therefore deprives it of the ability to effectively fight other diseases. In particular, it is believed that a person with trichomoniasis is more susceptible to contracting HIV.
In particularly advanced stages, this disease can cause severe exhaustion, anemia and oxygen starvation.

In women, this disease can cause various inflammations of the vagina and uterus. This can lead to infertility or the inability to conceive a child, as well as the inability to carry a fetus to term normally, and therefore risk miscarriage. The consequences that trichomoniasis can have in men are also quite significant: the disease can cause the development of prostatitis, inflammation of the seminal vesicles and testicles. All this, ultimately, can result in male infertility.

A more accurate determination of the presence of trichomoniasis in humans begins with the use of special microscopic technology. During the examination, the specialist takes a special smear for further observation using a microscope. In women, discharge from the back of the vagina is used for the study; in men, a smear is taken from the urethra and prostate. Such research must take place very quickly, because the active existence of Trichomonas outside the human body can be noticeable under a microscope for a very short time. As a rule, the result of the study can be ready in fifteen to twenty minutes. Such a study helps to establish both the presence and the degree of development of the disease.

If this method does not provide a complete answer, a more thorough examination is performed. Quite often the bacteriological method (seeding) is used. This method of research consists in the fact that the test material taken from the patient is sown in a certain environment that promotes the rapid development of certain bacteria. This method allows you to determine not only the presence of trichomoniasis itself, but also some of its associated diseases. This method helps to optimally select the necessary treatment options for trichomoniasis.

The most accurate way to establish an accurate diagnosis today is DNA diagnostics. The accuracy of this method is almost one hundred percent. The result of such an examination is expected within one to two days. To carry out DNA diagnostics, a special DNA microbe is separated from material taken from the patient, and its examination is carried out in a special laboratory.

Which affects the genitourinary system.

If the stage of the disease is acute, then in men urination becomes painful, in women there is burning and itching in the vagina, and a large amount of discharge appears.

Possible complications

Without timely and effective therapy, the transition of trichomoniasis to a chronic form cannot be ruled out. This may lead to the following complications in the future:

• to congenital pathologies;
• prostatitis;
• complications during pregnancy and childbirth;
• infertility;
• death.

Most often, the infection settles in the urethra, vagina, cervical canal, ovaries and appendages of a woman. And in a man, in the seminal vesicles, urethra, prostate. Women suffer from this disease, which is transmitted through sexual contact, more often than men. But this is simply due to the fact that the infection is detected more often. In women, symptoms are more pronounced, and they also regularly undergo preventive examinations by doctors. The most common age at which trichomoniasis is detected is 17-36 years. How it is transmitted, we will consider further.

Trichomonas do not manifest themselves in any way in the male half. Since there are no symptoms, a male carrier often infects his partner. After all, he has no discomfort and unpleasant sensations.

Non-gonococcal urethritis, epidymitis and chronic prostatitis may occur against the background of trichomoniasis. All this affects a man’s ability to conceive a child. Spermatozoa under the influence of Trichomonas become less mobile and viable.

Allergies, diabetes mellitus, cancer and mastopathy are also possible due to infection of the body with trichomoniasis.

To minimize infection, you need to know how trichomoniasis is transmitted.

What features does Trichomonas have?

Trichomonas is a unicellular anaerobic microorganism from the flagellate family.

Three types of Trichomonas can be found in the human body:

• intestinal;
• oral;
• vaginal - this is the most pathogenic, active and largest.

The bloodstream is filled with pathogenic microorganisms. Thanks to the intercellular space and lymphatic pathways, they penetrate there. This is how trichomoniasis progresses. Whether it is transmitted is of interest to many.

What determines the fitness of Trichomonas?

So it can be extremely difficult to fight Trichomonas, even though medications and treatment methods are constantly being improved.

This is why knowing how trichomoniasis is transmitted is of great importance.

How is Trichomonas transmitted?

The most basic is sexual transmission. Moreover, sex should be unprotected (that is, without a condom, which can also be of poor quality and break).

Through the blood

The blood of an infected person is contagious, so any contact with it leads to the transmission of trichomoniasis. This happens quite rarely, most often randomly. Kissing if there are microcracks in the oral mucosa can be dangerous.

During childbirth

The process of delivery can lead to infection of the baby from the mother. This is a very common method. Therefore, all infections must be treated before delivery.

The infection is also transmitted in utero, because the fetus is connected to the mother, which leads to invasion.

Trichomonas in saliva

Trichomoniasis is transmitted through saliva.

Other people's dishes are a source of infection. It must be washed well so that no saliva remains. In this way, Trichomonas can also enter the human body precisely while eating from such dishes. Catering establishments can serve as a potential source of trichomoniasis.

Trichomoniasis is transmitted through household means - you need to remember this.

Other methods of infection

You can also get the disease in the following ways:

• When using someone else's towel.
• When swimming in pools, visitors in commercial establishments are not always asked for a certificate of health.
• When visiting a public bath or sauna.
• When going to a public toilet. Cleaning here is not always timely, high-quality and frequent.

Infection often lives in damp and dark places. The temperature is usually low. If the heat outside is about 30-40 degrees, this leads to the death of pathogenic microorganisms.

Prevention of infection

It is important to understand that a person does not yet have the ability to produce antibodies to this serious disease. Even if there was trichomoniasis and complete recovery occurred, it cannot be guaranteed that there will be no re-infection.

Basically, of course, trichomoniasis is transmitted sexually. One sexual partner and protection guarantee a reduced risk of getting sick. You also need to follow the rules of personal and household hygiene. Dishes must be separate, and this also applies to washcloths, linen and other personal items and items. The use of antiseptics (Miramistin, Chlorhexidine) after sexual intercourse can be effective. But, of course, this does not guarantee that infection will not occur.

When the first suspicious symptoms appear, you must warn your sexual partner. Then immediately contact a specialist. Fear of telling the truth, some kind of embarrassment makes people hope for self-recovery, just to avoid going to the doctor. This is wrong, since trichomoniasis will not go away from the body on its own, it will progress, and this can lead to disastrous consequences, even death. There is no need to be afraid or embarrassed.

Therapy

What is the treatment for this disease? First of all, when trichomoniasis is confirmed, the doctor will prescribe a course and Nystatin is prescribed very often. But antibacterial drugs may not be enough, so antiprotozoal drugs are used. "Metronidazole", "Tinidazole" are classified as such medications. Supportive therapy is also needed - physiotherapy, immunotherapy, urethral instillation, prostate massage in men.

In addition, the use of local medications - vaginal suppositories, tablets, douching - will be effective. This will help relieve acute symptoms and make you feel better, but will not cure trichomoniasis completely.

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Marina Ivanovna asks:

What can happen if trichomoniasis is not cured?

Urethritis.

Colliculitis.

Prostatitis.

Epididymitis.

Vesiculitis.

Tizonite.

Skin lesions.

Infertility.

Women with trichomoniasis develop the following complications:
1. vestibulitis;
2. vulvitis;
3. vaginitis;
4. endocervicitis;
5. ascending trichomoniasis;
6. complications of pregnancy;
7. infertility.

Vestibulitis.

Vulvitis.

Vaginitis.

Endocervicitis.

One of the most common sexually transmitted diseases is chronic trichomoniasis. This pathology is included in the group of STIs along with syphilis, HIV infection, gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, genital herpes and other infections. If not treated correctly, trichomoniasis leads to damage to the reproductive organs and infertility.

Consequences for women and men

Trichomoniasis is an infection with predominantly sexual transmission, characterized by damage to the genitourinary system of men and women. Every year, this pathology is diagnosed in more than 100 million people worldwide. According to unofficial data, the prevalence of the disease among the population is 10%. If treated improperly, trichomoniasis becomes chronic.

The risk group includes the sexually active population. In women, the peak incidence is between 16 and 35 years of age. This problem is very relevant due to possible negative consequences (infertility, infection of the fetus from a sick mother). Trichomoniasis develops:

There is evidence indicating the role of the causative agent of this infection in the development of diabetes mellitus and mastopathy. The disease is often found together with chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Reasons for appearance

Trichomoniasis is caused by small single-celled microorganisms.

The reasons for the development of the disease are few. Transmission of Trichomonas occurs through sexual, vertical or household contact. The most dangerous are unprotected vaginal contacts with a sick person or carrier. Anal and oral sex reduce the risk of infection. Most often, the source is men with an erased form of trichomoniasis or carriers.

Contact-household transmission occurs when using someone else's towels and underwear. This route of infection is rare due to the fact that Trichomonas are viable in the external environment for 10–15 minutes. The following factors increase the risk of developing the disease:

Chronic trichomoniasis in women and men develops against the background of acute inflammation when symptoms are ignored, self-medication or non-compliance with the treatment regimen. This diagnosis is made if the disease is more than 2 months old.

Manifestations of trichomoniasis

In men, the disease is more mild. Poor symptoms are typical. The most common diseases that develop are urethritis, prostatitis and epididymitis. From the moment of infection to the appearance of the first complaints, up to 2 months pass. The following symptoms indicate inflammation of the urethra:

• mild itching;
• burning during intercourse;
• mucopurulent discharge.

Dysuric phenomena are observed in 4% of cases. With advanced trichomoniasis, solid infiltrates are formed. A dangerous complication is urethral stricture. It makes mictions difficult. Complaints are more pronounced during exacerbations. Along with urethritis, chronic prostatitis often develops. This is due to the fact that Trichomonas penetrates into the deeper parts of the genitourinary tract.

Prostatitis develops in 40% of patients. It is manifested by the release of urine drop by drop, aching pain and burning in the perineum or anus, dyspareunia, frequent and painful urination, as well as a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. There is often discomfort during bowel movements. Itching, a feeling of coldness and sweating in the perineal area may occur.

With chronic prostatitis, the ejaculation process is disrupted and libido decreases. Sexual disorders are observed in 5–8% of cases. When Trichomonas infects the epididymis, epididymitis develops. It is manifested by discomfort in the scrotum and the presence of a seal. The chronic form of trichomoniasis is characterized by impaired spermatogenesis.

Women with trichomoniasis most often develop colpitis. It is characterized by the following symptoms:

• scanty gray discharge with an unpleasant odor;
• swelling of the vulva;
• aching pain in the lower abdomen.

The chronic form of trichomoniasis occurs with periodic exacerbations. They can be triggered by hypothermia, decreased immunity, sexual intercourse and drinking alcohol.

How dangerous is the disease?

If treatment for chronic trichomoniasis is not carried out, complications arise. May develop:

Trichomoniasis is dangerous during pregnancy. The pathogen promotes increased production of prostaglandins, against which a miscarriage is possible. Other negative consequences include preterm labor and early rupture of membranes. It has also been established that long-term trichomoniasis increases the risk of developing malignant neoplasms of the cervix.

Survey

Complex treatment of this pathology is carried out after the diagnosis has been clarified. The following studies will be needed:

In women, the attending physician takes material for microscopy from the mucous membrane of the vagina, urethra and cervix. In men, seminal fluid, blood and scrapings from the urethral mucosa are examined. It is recommended not to urinate for at least 2 hours before collecting material. The polymerase chain reaction is very informative. It allows you to detect the genetic material of the pathogen.

Treatment tactics

Not everyone knows how trichomoniasis is treated. The main aspects of therapy are:

• use of antimicrobial drugs;
• use of local antiseptics;
• compliance with personal hygiene rules;
• temporary sexual rest;
• taking adaptogens and immunostimulants.

Not only the patient himself is treated, but also his sexual partner. Antiprotozoal medications are prescribed. Trichomonas are sensitive to 5-nitroimidazole derivatives. The most commonly prescribed drugs are based on metronidazole (Metrogyl, Klion, Metronidazole Nycomed), tinidazole (Fazizhin, Tiniba) and ornidazole (Dazolik, Tiberal). There are various treatment regimens where local medications in the form of gels and suppositories are combined with taking tablets.

When trichomoniasis is combined with other STIs, antifungal drugs may also be prescribed. For this pathology, it is recommended to use local antiseptics. An important aspect of therapy is increasing immunity. For this purpose, Immunomax, Thymogen, Estifan, Immunal and Immunorm are used.

Patients should adhere to the following recommendations:

• change underwear more often;
• drink vitamins;
• diversify the menu;
• give up alcohol;
• cure concomitant diseases.

After a course of therapy, repeat treatments are required. They are done three times. Trichomoniasis is curable if you follow all medical recommendations.

Forecast and preventive measures

You need to know not only whether this disease can be cured, but also how to prevent it. To reduce the risk of infection with Trichomonas, you must:

It is necessary to eliminate all risk factors for developing the disease. An important aspect of prevention is increasing the body's resistance. This is achieved by proper nutrition and an active lifestyle. The prognosis for chronic trichomoniasis with proper treatment is favorable. If complaints are ignored, infertility develops. Thus, trichomoniasis poses a danger to the reproductive health of young people.

Trichomoniasis how the disease develops after infection with vaginal Trichomonas, Trichomonas vaginalis, and the inflammation they cause. Microorganisms belong to single-celled protozoa, are capable of independently actively moving with the help of flagella and fixating on the epithelium of the vagina or urethra. Next, Trichomonas begin to multiply and secrete metabolic products that destroy cells and cause the formation of erosions and then ulcers. Destruction of integumentary tissue leads to an increased risk of infection by viruses during unprotected sexual intercourse.

Trichomonas vaginalis at the onset of the disease give a picture inflammation of the vagina (in women)and urethritis in men.

The main route of transmission of trichomoniasis is sexual, the contact-household route is somehow not considered, although there is a point of view that infection is possible through just used bath accessories, on which fresh discharge of a patient with trichomoniasis could remain.

Oral and anal infection is extremely rare, but possible in principle. Trichomonas remain motile outside the human body for two hours if the ambient temperature is no more than 40 degrees. Incubation period, which is defined as the period of time between infection and the appearance of the first signs of the disease, with trichomoniasis lasts from 4 days to 4 weeks, on average from a week to one and a half, however, as with any infection, it can extend to 1 - 1.5 months or shorten to 2-3 days.

In men pathogens are found in the urethra, prostate gland and seminal vesicles, from secretions - in semen and prostate secretions. In infected women– in the vagina and Bartholin glands, cervical canal, urethra. Neisseria and chlamydia are often found inside Trichomonas, and in these cases they accompany trichomoniasis, complicating the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, some microbiologists believe that the threat is not so much the Trichomonas themselves, but rather the pathogenic microbes that Trichomonas vaginalis transports.

Features of the causative agent of trichomoniasis

All these transformations make it difficult to diagnose trichomoniasis, patients do not receive the necessary treatment and very often the disease becomes chronic or a carrier of the infection. Mostly, men become carriers (and distributors) of Trichomonas, because the clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis are practically invisible in them.

Another unpleasant feature of Trichomonas is the ability to adapt to medicinal drugs, in particular antibiotics. Too often, patients with trichomoniasis do not attach importance to the micro-symptoms associated with the introduction and reproduction of pathogens and engage in self-medication. The result is either a chronic version of the disease with periodic exacerbations due to stress provocations, which include alcohol, smoking, hypothermia and any infectious diseases, including a common cold. In women, vaginal dysbiosis and hormonal changes contribute to exacerbation. During menstruation, Trichomonas reproduce especially actively, as with the onset of pregnancy, since the pH of the vaginal environment shifts slightly to the alkaline side and becomes very comfortable for the microorganism.

Trichomonas are sensitive to high temperatures (at a temperature of +43°C they live for a day, and at a temperature of +55°C they die in half a minute), drying and ultraviolet radiation, so after washing the patient’s clothes, it is enough to dry them in the sun and the trichomonas will die. But the microbe tolerates low temperatures (slightly above zero) remarkably well and can retain its properties for almost 5 days.

Periods and main symptoms of the disease

Taking into account the time periods of manifestations of the disease and their severity, trichomoniasis is divided into three clinical forms:

The acute phase is characterized by severe symptoms or (inflammation of the vagina), a rise in temperature and changes in the blood that are inherent in a violent inflammatory process (leukocytosis, increased ESR).

Chronic trichomoniasis develops if the disease lasts more than two months. Symptoms of inflammation of the organs of the urogenital system are erased, and concomitant sexually transmitted infections are often detected.

Without treatment, the chronic form can worsen or become hidden - carrier status Trichomonas. If you are a carrier, there are no signs of infection, but Trichomonas are always found in scrapings and discharge from the urethra or vagina.

Clinical symptoms of trichomoniasis and their severity depend on a combination of several factors:

• Vaginal acidity (pH), which is associated with the activity of normal microflora, is in the range of 4.0-4.7 in a healthy woman. Deviations from the norm occur after taking antibiotics, hormonal changes (menstruation, menopause, pregnancy, oral contraceptives); when using spermicidal vaginal preparations, as well as after nervous strain or during rapid changes in climate zones.
  Acidity changes, indicators shift to neutral or slightly alkaline, the protective abilities of the mucous membrane decrease. With trichomonas colpitis, the pH is in the range of 5.5-6.0. These indicators still correspond to an acidic environment, however, such a pH already promotes the proliferation of not only Trichomonas, but also other opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms.
• Condition of the cells of the urethral or vaginal mucosa. Normally, the mucous membrane of the male urethra is covered predominantly by transitional epithelium, while the female urethra, like the vagina and cervix, is lined with non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium (MSE). When Trichomonas, carrying other pathogenic agents in its body, penetrates the cervix, dysplastic changes can occur in the MPE, during which cells lose the ability to differentiate, while the properties of the epithelium change and at the same time its protective function is disrupted.
• Associated microflora: chlamydia and gonorrhea pathogens can be found inside Trichomonas. Accordingly, the manifestations of the disease change; the symptoms of trichomoniasis are joined by manifestations of chlamydia and gonorrhea.

The main symptoms of trichomoniasis are discharge from the urethra or vagina, the entry point of infection. Among women, this symptom is observed in approximately 8 out of 10, and in men – in half of cases of trichomoniasis.

Trichomoniasis in women

In women during the initial period of the disease, vaginal trichomoniasis. For the acute form of the disease characteristically abundant, having an unpleasant “fishy” odor and a yellowish-greenish color, which can change to gray-green streaked with blood. A gynecological examination reveals swelling and redness of the labia minora and majora, hyperemia and ulceration of the vaginal walls.

Trichomoniasis discharge has a characteristic color scheme

A common symptom of trichomoniasis is pain in the vaginal area during sexual intercourse., with urethritis, a local sensation is felt. There may be slight bleeding from the vagina and spread to the skin of the inner thighs. The accompanying symptoms of intoxication can be mistaken for fatigue: weakness, minor headaches and muscle pain, loss of strength, temperature 37.0-37.2.

The uterus, tubes and ovaries are affected by trichomoniasis less frequently than the urethra, vagina and cervix. However, Trichomonas, actively moving, can become a “transport” for gonococci and chlamydia. When released, these pathogens cause symptoms and inflammation of the ovaries -. The area of ​​distribution of Trichomonas above the cervix expands after abortion, childbirth and during menstruation, which leads to ascending inflammation with the formation of adhesions in the fallopian tubes and ovaries. The outcome may be infertility.

During pregnancy Trichomoniasis is detected more often than in non-pregnant women, which is associated with loosening of the vaginal epithelium for hormonal reasons. Infection of a child is possible during childbirth, when passing through the birth canal. During pregnancy, trichomoniasis can lead to spontaneous abortion, inflammation of the membranes, premature rupture of amniotic fluid and “dry labor”. This option is undesirable for mother and child, because an intact amniotic sac helps dilate the cervix and facilitates the final stage of labor. Also, pregnant women with trichomoniasis often experience inflammation of the glands of the vaginal vestibule - and proliferation of genital warts-condylomas, if trichomoniasis is accompanied by papillomavirus infection and they aggravate the negative impact of each other on the epithelium.

Only in 10% of all identified cases the cause of the disease was mono-infection Trichomonas vaginalis. The normal distribution of vaginal microflora is also disrupted: during illness, the proportion of yeast fungi (), strepto- and staphylococci increases, and the number of lactic acid bacteria decreases.

The reasons for increased symptoms of trichomoniasis in women can be a vulnerable immune system, concomitant inflammation, poor diet and hypovitaminosis. With trichomoniasis, all problems with the genitourinary organs become aggravated, the disease affects the condition of the skin: a pustular rash is possible on the face in the area around the lips.

Trichomoniasis in men

The differences between trichomoniasis in men are scant symptoms and a latent course; carriage is often observed. The first signs are associated with urethritis: burning and pain when urinating, possibly streaks of blood in the semen. Next, the infection from the urethra spreads to the prostate gland and its inflammation begins (), then to the seminal vesicles (). Trichomonas secrete substances that deprive sperm of motility, and with vesiculitis, the production of male germ cells is disrupted. Subsequently, everything can end in infertility.

An infected person may not suspect that he is the source of the infection and transmit Trichomonas to sexual partners or family members. Therefore, if a man has even the slightest signs of a urogenital infection, he needs to contact a urologist and get tested not only for trichomoniasis, but also for other STIs.

Signs of Trichomonas (and anyone else) prostatitis:

1. Pain in the perineum, pubic area, groin and anus;
2. Dull pain in the lower back, radiating to the inner thigh;
3. Unpleasant sensations during defecation and urination;
4. Discharge of mucus or pus from the urethra when the abdominal muscles are tense;
5. Erection problems (occurring after inflammation of the nerves that pass through the prostate);
6. Constant low-grade fever (37-37.2°);
7. Persistent bad mood.

A note about mood: a characteristic symptom of chronic prostatitis is changes in the psyche like depressive neurosis. The man is always dissatisfied with everything, is very irritable, is concerned only with his own well-being and is absolutely devoid of the ability to think critically. In addition, due to illness, he eats less; Blood glucose drops, which is expressed by aggressive behavior. It is believed that for successful treatment of prostatitis, the doctor must be not only a good urologist, but also an excellent psychologist.

The risk of developing prostatitis with “dormant” trichomoniasis increases if factors that provoke inflammation of the prostate. These may include hypothermia, regular constipation, sedentary work and a lifestyle with limited movement. Prolonged sexual abstinence or excessive sexual activity, stress at work and at home, poor nutrition and fitful sleep, previous sexually transmitted diseases - all this can contribute to the occurrence of prostatitis. Mechanism associated with ascending infection with Trichomonas from the urethra, impaired blood supply to the pelvic organs (venous stagnation) and the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.

Complications of trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis can carry bacteria without rendering them pathogenic. In these cases, when another person is infected, not only trichomoniasis is transmitted to him, but also other sexually transmitted diseases, more often gonorrhea (more than 30% of cases of co-infection).

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis based on a traditional algorithm - survey, examination, analysis data. During survey listen to the patient’s main complaints, find out the connection between the appearance of symptoms and sex life, and try to determine the source of infection. In women, they find out the presence of chronic inflammation of the external and internal genital organs, whether there have been cases of miscarriage, abortion, complications during pregnancy and childbirth. They also ask if she has noticed signs of urethritis in her sexual partner. Men are asked about signs of urethritis and prostatitis, and erection problems.

Then proceed to inspection, assess the condition of the genital organs - whether there is hyperemia and swelling, erosion or areas of ulceration, hemorrhage and abscesses. The location and nature of the discharge is determined and taken, in women - from the cervical canal, vagina and urethra, in men - from the urethral opening. If necessary, a bacteriological analysis (tank culture) is prescribed.

Analyzes if trichomoniasis is suspected, the same as those done for any urogenital infection. A general clinical blood test may show signs of inflammation (leukocytosis, increased ESR) and anemia (with this disease in later stages, a decrease in hemoglobin is sometimes observed due to the loss of iron in red blood cells, which Trichomonas “love” so much).

In a urine test, the number of leukocytes and red blood cells may be present above the permissible level. The presence of casts in the urine indicates involvement of the bladder and kidneys in the pathological process, which is quite rare. Prostate secretion and sperm - leukocytes, traces of blood, sedentary sperm.

In a fresh smear from the urethra or cervix, motile Trichomonas are visible; in a stained fixed preparation, unicellular pear-shaped (less often round) organisms with or without flagella, but with a characteristic almond-shaped pink nucleus with pointed edges are visible. In a fixed specimen at high magnification it is difficult to confuse them with anything, although at low magnification the artifacts (flakes of squamous epithelium with collapsing nuclei) are very, very reminiscent of Trichomonas. The main difference between artifacts and Trichomonas is the rounded nuclei.

– culture on a nutrient medium, isolation of trichomonas and re-culture to determine sensitivity to antibiotics. It takes time from 7 to 10 – 14 days, but in the future it facilitates treatment and increases its effectiveness. Tank culture is indicated for chronic forms of trichomoniasis and suspected carrier status.

: about 100% accuracy (96.5%), if the answer is positive, no other confirmation of the diagnosis of trichomoniasis is required. To exclude concomitant sexually transmitted infections, a PCR test is performed for gonorrhea, chlamydia, as well as separate tests for HIV, HPV, hepatitis B and C.

Video: doctor about trichomoniasis and its diagnosis

Treatment

Treatment of trichomoniasis is carried out based on the detection of the pathogen, even if there are no symptoms of the disease. Needs treatment all at the same time sexual partners, sex life and alcohol are strictly prohibited until complete recovery.

For treatment acute uncomplicated forms of the disease, antibiotics with antiprotozoal (against protozoa) action are used. The main drug is metronidazole (Trichopol), either a single dose of 2 g orally, or a course of 5-8 days of 400 mg x 2 per day. Take during or after meals, do not chew the tablets. Women are additionally prescribed suppositories or vaginal tablets with Trichopolum. The course of treatment is repeated after 3-4 weeks if the control PCR test was positive for Trichomonas.

Treatment regimen for children: course of metronidazole for 10 days, the daily dose is divided into two doses. For children from 2 to 5 years 250 mg per day, up to 10 years 375 mg/day, over 10 – 500 mg/day. During pregnancy metronidazole is prescribed once 2 g, but only starting from the second trimester.

At chronic relapsing trichomoniasis use metronidazole 500 mg x 2 for 7 days, combined with the administration of the drug "Solkotrikhovak"(vaccine against trichomoniasis) 0.5 ml IM. Only 3 injections, the interval between them is 3 weeks; a year later, another 0.5 ml is administered intramuscularly once. Swelling and hyperemia are possible at the injection site; they go away on their own within a few days. The vaccine normalizes the pH of the vagina and urethra, helps restore normal microflora and displace Trichomonas vaginalis along with concomitant infections. The protective effect of the vaccine is the prevention of re-infection, the therapeutic effect is the reduction of inflammatory manifestations in the vagina and urethra.

Topical medications help treat local infection and inflammation. Advantages – reduction of the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals. drugs on the body as a whole, reducing the risk of allergies and virtually zero load on the liver and kidneys. Women are prescribed vaginal balls or metronidazole tablets, 0.5 g x 1 per day, for a course of 6 days. Before insertion into the vagina, vaginal tablets should be dipped in a glass of water for 15-20 seconds so that the protective coating begins to dissolve. After administering the tablet, you need to lie down for at least half an hour. Vaginal medications are best used at night, before bed.

For instillations Protargol, 1-3% solution, is used in the urethra. It is also effective if trichomoniasis accompanies gonorrhea. The drug is good as an antiseptic, as an astringent and anti-inflammatory medicine. Sterile catheters are required for instillation and procedures are performed on an outpatient basis.

A week after the end of the full course of treatment, and then twice more with a pause a month, they are prescribed control tests(PCR). Women are examined 3 cycles in a row, after menstruation. If PCR was negative for 1-2 months in men and 3-4 months. in women, the patients are considered cured.

Folk recipes

Folk remedies cannot cure trichomoniasis, but herbal infusions for douching, herbal teas as mild antidepressants and immunomodulators, and nutritional mixtures to replenish vitamin and mineral deficiencies are quite acceptable.

St. John's wort tea

A tablespoon of dried flowers and herbs is poured into 1 liter of boiling water and left for 1 hour. Take a glass three times a day. An excellent remedy for depression, which develops during a long-term illness, such as chronic prostatitis.

Aloe juice (not to be confused with agave)

Take before meals, three times a day. As an immunomodulator, it mobilizes the body's defense systems, has an anti-inflammatory effect, and accelerates the healing of ulcers and erosions.

Infusion for vaginal douching, for baths (for men)

1 tablespoon each of oak bark, chamomile flowers, 2 each of nettle and calendula flowers. The mixture is poured into 1 liter of boiling water and left for 2 hours. Apply once a day, for a course of 5-7 procedures. The action of the components is antiseptic, tanning, anti-inflammatory and analgesic.

Nutrient mixture

Dried fruits – prunes, dried apricots, figs; walnuts and whole lemons are taken in equal proportions and passed through a meat grinder. The mass is mixed with honey to obtain the consistency of a thick puree. Take 1 tablespoon in the morning. The mixture tones and gives energy.

Video: trichomoniasis in the program “Live Healthy!”