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When designing a heating system, the question arises: “What kind of heating system will we make? Single-pipe or double-pipe?” In this article we will figure out what these systems are and what is their difference. To make everything clear, let's start with definitions.

Definitions of one-pipe and two-pipe systems.

• Single-pipe - (abbreviated OCO) is a system in which all heating devices (radiators, convectors, and so on, abbreviated as software) are connected to the boiler in series using one pipe.
• Two-pipe - (abbreviated DSO) is a system in which two pipes are supplied to each PO. According to one of them, the coolant is supplied from the boiler to the boiler (it is called supply), and according to the other, the cooled coolant is discharged back to the boiler (it is called “return”).

To complete the description, we add two more definitions. According to these definitions, there is a division based on the principle of laying the supply line:

• With top wiring - the hot coolant is first supplied from the boiler to the highest point of the system, and from there the coolant is supplied to the software.
• With bottom wiring - the hot coolant is first removed horizontally from the boiler, and then rises up the risers to the software.

Single pipe heating system.

There are two types of OSO:

1. OSO, in which heating devices are installed on a “bypass” (bypass jumper).
2. Flow-through OSO - all devices are connected in series without jumpers.

The second type is unpopular due to the difficulty of regulating the temperature in radiators, which is caused by the fact that it is impossible to use special fittings (thermostatic valves). Since when closing or reducing the flow through one radiator, the flow through the entire riser decreases. The main advantage of OCO is the lower cost of components and easier installation. The most popular version of the single-pipe system is the Leningradka.

What is "Leningradka"?

According to legend, this system got its name from the city where it was first used. But of course this cannot be reliably confirmed, and I don’t really want to. So, “Leningradka” is one thing pipe system heating, in which the software is installed on “bypass”. This allows you to regulate the temperature of individual radiators or convectors or turn them off altogether, if necessary. All the advantages and disadvantages of a single-pipe system are inherent in the Leningrad system, so for distant radiators it is necessary to increase the number of sections. Possible various options pipe routing:

• Horizontal - the pipe lies in a horizontal plane and radiators are already installed on it.
• Vertical - the pipe runs vertically through the floors and radiators are connected to it.

OSO type “Leningradka” is best used for small private houses where the number of floors does not exceed two. For large cottages Such a “Leningrad” will not work with extended heating systems.

Two-pipe heating system.

The main advantage of DSO is that the coolant arrives to all software equally hot. This allows you to avoid increasing the number of sections on “distant” radiators. That is, the most efficient use of heating devices occurs. The presence of two separate pipes for supply and return makes the installation of such a system more expensive. For this type of system, both upper and lower pipe routing and horizontal or vertical piping are possible.

In addition, DSO may differ in the direction of coolant flow:

• Dead-end systems - water in the supply and return pipes flows in different directions.
• Flow-through systems - water in the supply and return pipes flows in one direction.

Summary of the article.

The question of choosing the type of heating system depends on several factors:

• Your budget
• The area of ​​your home.
• Features internal device Houses. For example, number of floors
• Number of heating devices.

Most often, for small country houses(no more than 2 floors) a single-pipe system is better suited, and for large cottages (with 2 or more floors and a long length of pipelines) a two-pipe heating system will be more effective. It is better to discuss specific features of the implementation of a particular system with a professional designer.

When developing a heating system for our home, we certainly think about the layout of pipes and connecting radiators. Most often, when creating projects, common schemes with two pipes laid through heated rooms are used. A two-pipe heating system is more difficult to install, but it has many undeniable advantages– this is exactly what we will talk about in our review. We will also look at:

• Structural features of two-pipe heating systems;
• Their main disadvantages are;
• Varieties of two-pipe systems.

At the very end we will talk about the most effective ways connecting batteries to heating systems.

Features of two-pipe heating systems

A two-pipe heating system is the most common scheme for laying heating pipes and connecting radiators. It involves the use of two pipes - one supplies hot coolant, and the second carries it to the heating boiler. This scheme is highly efficient and provides uniform distribution heat throughout all heated rooms.

Single-pipe heating systems, unlike two-pipe ones, have a number of disadvantages:

The difference in the operation of one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems is well illustrated by this picture.

• More limited contour length;
• Uneven distribution of heat throughout heated rooms - the very last rooms suffer;
• It is difficult to heat multi-story buildings;
• Increased hydrodynamic resistance in the heating system;
• Lack of separate adjustment of heating temperature in different rooms;
• Difficulties in repair - it is impossible to remove a faulty battery without stopping the entire system.

Some of the above-mentioned problems are partially solved with the help of the “Leningradka” scheme, but this is not a complete solution to the situation.

A two-pipe heating system involves laying two parallel pipes to which radiators are connected. The coolant from the supply pipe enters heating devices, after which it is sent to the return pipe (return). Despite the more impressive financial and labor costs, ready system It turns out to be more functional to use and easier to repair.

Two-pipe heating is actively used to heat rooms and buildings for various purposes. These include one-story private houses and cottages, multi-story apartment buildings, as well as industrial and administrative buildings. In other words, the scope of its application is distinguished by its breadth.

Advantages and disadvantages of two-pipe heating systems

Two-pipe heating is distinguished by its versatility. It works equally well in both small buildings and multi-storey buildings, including in high-rise residential buildings. Let's look at the main advantages of two-pipe systems:

When using two-pipe heating, even the most distant radiators in the house will be able to provide heat at an acceptable level.

• Increased length of one line (circuit) - this is important when heating elongated buildings, for example, hospital or hotel buildings;
• Uniform supply of heat to the rooms - unlike single-pipe systems, there will be heat even in the rooms furthest from the boiler;
• Two-pipe heating allows you to easily organize separate temperature control in separate rooms and indoors - for this purpose thermostatic heads are installed on each battery;
• Possibility of dismantling batteries and convectors without stopping the entire heating system– an important advantage that manifests itself in large buildings;
• Two-pipe heating is ideal for heating buildings large area– for a more uniform distribution of heat, certain pipe layouts and connection of heating devices are used.

Unfortunately, there were certain disadvantages:

• High costs for purchasing equipment - compared to single-pipe heating systems, two-pipe heating systems require an increased number of pipes;
• Difficulty in installation - due to an increase in the number of units and the need for optimal distribution of coolant throughout the heated rooms.

Nevertheless, the advantages completely outweigh the above disadvantages.

Types of two-pipe heating systems

We have already become familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of two-pipe heating systems, as well as their distinctive features. It remains to talk about their varieties.

Forced or natural circulation

Natural circulation of the coolant involves the absence of a circulation pump. Heated water circulates through the pipes independently, obeying the forces of gravity. True, this requires pipes of increased diameter - two-pipe heating with thin plastic pipes will not be able to ensure independent circulation, which is associated with high hydrostatic pressure in the system. Heating with natural circulation It is simple and inexpensive, but you must remember the limited length of the circuit - it is not recommended to make it longer than 30 meters.

The scheme of a two-pipe heating system with forced circulation involves the use of a circulation pump. It is installed next to the heating boiler and ensures rapid passage of coolant through the pipes. Thanks to this, the warm-up time is reduced, the length of the heating circuit is increased, and the distribution of thermal energy is noticeably improved. Two-pipe scheme heating with forced circulation allows you to heat buildings of any number of floors - you just need to choose a productive pump.

Disadvantages of two-pipe heating systems with circulation pumps:

• Increased cost of installation - good pump it is expensive, while buying a cheap one does not make sense due to its reduced service life;
• Possible noise - cheap pumps sooner or later begin to vibrate, the sounds from their operation travel through the pipes even to the farthest rooms. The higher the rotation speed of the pump shaft, the louder the noise;
• The energy dependence of the heating system - when the power is turned off, the circulation of the coolant stops.

For the correct operation of a two-pipe heating system with a circulation pump, it is necessary to provide a backup power source, otherwise the heating boiler may break down.

It should be noted that cheap circulation pumps are noisy even at the very beginning of operation. Increased noise levels are most noticeable in heating systems with metal pipes. And if any section of the pipe gets into resonance, the sound will only intensify.

You should also pay attention to the method of laying pipes - in two-pipe heating systems with natural circulation, a slope is provided, which ensures normal movement of the coolant. In circuits with forced circulation, no slopes are needed. For the same reason, pipes can be bent as many times as desired, avoiding obstacles - in circuits with natural coolant movement, pipes should be as straight as possible so as not to create excessive hydrodynamic resistance.

Open and closed circuits

Two-pipe heating scheme open type involves the use of a traditional expansion tank, which is mounted in the very high point contour. The pressure here is minimal, the coolant is in contact with the atmosphere. In case of excessive expansion, the water goes into a special pipe extending from the tank. An undoubted advantage of open circuits is the ease of air removal - it exits through the expansion tank on its own. Only, along with the air leaving, the coolant evaporates, so its level must be constantly monitored.

If there is insufficient water in open two-pipe heating systems, gurgling of water can be heard in the radiators.

Closed heating systems include sealed membrane-type expansion tanks. The coolant circulates here confined space, so there is nowhere for it to evaporate. If necessary, you can add non-freezing ethylene glycol here. In order to prevent airing of the circuit, air vents are installed in it - automatic or manual.

In closed heating systems it is necessary to install circulation pump, while in open ones its presence is not mandatory.

Vertical and horizontal two-pipe heating systems

Two-pipe horizontal system heating is relevant in one-story houses. Two pipes are laid throughout the premises, parallel to which radiators are connected. If a household or building includes 2-3 floors, then a separate horizontal circuit is created on each floor, connected to vertical risers. This connection diagram ensures uniform distribution of coolant across all floors and rooms.

Vertical systems are most often installed in apartment buildings. Two vertical pipes are installed here from the top to the bottom floor. Hot coolant is supplied through one, and through the other it descends back to the boiler room. Radiators are connected to both pipes. Most often, the scheme looks like this: separate risers serve all radiators in kitchens, others - in bedrooms, halls and other rooms.

Also in buildings are laid mixed systems, which include both vertical and horizontal sections.

Upper and lower wiring

There are two-pipe heating systems with upper and lower pipe distribution. Upper distribution means that the coolant first rises to the highest point of the circuit, and from there it is distributed into separate vertical sections. Two-pipe heating with bottom wiring provides that both pipes pass below (near the floor or under it), and branches extend from them upward, to radiators and separate cascades of radiators.

The upper wiring is aimed at creating two-pipe heating systems with independent movement of the coolant. The pipe from the boiler rises to the top point of the system, where the horizontal section begins - it is made at an angle. A similar slope is made in the return pipe so that the coolant flows independently towards the boiler, obeying the pressure in the circuit and gravity.

The second scheme (bottom) is optimal where you need to hide all the pipes. In this case, a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring made of polypropylene is hidden in the floors or behind the ceilings; only radiators and convectors are visible in the rooms.

Connecting radiators

We introduced you to the main types of two-pipe heating systems. Now you know that the coolant here is supplied through one pipe and removed through another. This ensures even heat distribution even in the largest buildings. Let's see how we can best connect heating batteries. There are three possible connection schemes:

• Lateral connection - supply and return pipes approach the heating device from the side. Accordingly, areas located only on one edge will be the warmest;
• Bottom connection - supply and return pipes fit to the lower edges of radiators and convectors. Heat losses in such a scheme will be maximum, since the coolant tends to pass through the internal volume “right through”, along the straightest section;
• Diagonal is the most optimal connection scheme, ensuring uniform heat distribution throughout the internal volume of the radiators. For example, the inlet pipe goes to the upper left entrance, and the outlet pipe goes to the lower right (or vice versa). In this case, the coolant will heat the entire area of ​​the heating devices as evenly as possible.

The choice of a suitable scheme depends on the design of the heating system and the number of sections in the radiators. When creating two-pipe heating, we recommend choosing a diagonal and lateral connection.

Video

You can decide which heating system is better, single-pipe or double-pipe, after analyzing the design features, pros and cons of each option. In any case, a verdict must be made at the construction design stage. - This is a rather complex structure. Redo it after finishing finishing works difficult and sometimes impossible. Let's look at the differences between two different approaches to arranging the heating of buildings using boilers, batteries and piping.

This option is used in cases where it is necessary to carry out communications quickly and at minimal cost.

It is used in residential, private and industrial construction. A special feature of this solution is the absence of a return water supply line. The batteries are connected in series, assembly is carried out in short time and does not require complex preliminary calculations.

How does a single-pipe line work?

In such designs, the coolant is supplied to the top point and flows down, sequentially passing through the heating elements. When settling in multi-storey building It is practiced to install an intermediate pump that creates required pressure in the supply pipe to push hot water through a closed circuit.

Given the small height of the house and a limited number of heat consumers, water circulation occurs quite efficiently.

Vertical and horizontal schemes

The construction of a single-pipe main is carried out in vertical and horizontal orientation. Vertical wiring is installed in buildings with two or more floors. The coolant is supplied to the radiators, starting from the top. Horizontal heating mains are most often used for arranging single-level buildings - houses, cottages, warehouses, offices and other commercial facilities.

The pipeline layout assumes a horizontal riser arrangement with its sequential supply to the batteries.

Advantages and disadvantages

The single-pipe version of the heating main design has the following advantages:

• Installation is carried out quickly, which is important given the modern requirements of the pace of construction. Besides, appearance a single-pipe manifold with a height of several meters outperforms complex system from two lines.
• Small budget. Cost calculations show that a minimum number of pipes, fittings and fittings are required for construction.
• If consumers are installed on bypass, then it becomes possible to regulate the heat balance separately in each room.
• The use of modern shut-off devices makes it possible to modernize and improve the highway. This allows you to replace radiators, insert devices, and other improvements without a long shutdown of the system and draining water from it.

This design also has its disadvantages:

• The sequential arrangement of the batteries does not exclude the possibility of adjusting the heating temperature in them individually. This entails cooling of all other radiators.
• Limited number of batteries per line. It is not advisable to put more than 10 of them, since lower levels the temperature will be below acceptable.
• The need to install a pump. This event requires additional financial investment. The power plant can cause water hammer and damage to lines.
• In a private house, you will need to install an expansion tank with a valve to bleed air. And this requires a place and insulation measures.

Two-pipe heating system

This design has a more complex structure, but is also effective and functional.

The invested funds are compensated by the comfort for people, ease of maintenance and modernization.

Operating principle and operating diagram

They consist of two risers and radiators located between them, heated floors and other heat consumers. The supply is carried out along one line, and the cooled liquid is returned to the boiler along the return line. That is why such structures are called two-pipe.

Classification: bottom and top wiring

There are two types of systems based on the location of the highways. The choice is made based on the structural features and the possibility of allocating space for additional equipment. Two-pipe communications are classified into vertical for high-rise buildings and horizontal for one-story buildings.

Based on the location of the piping, the systems are divided into upper and lower, regardless of where the radiators are installed.

With the upper option, the entire interchange is arranged in the attic or technical floor of the building. At the same time, an expansion tank is installed, which is carefully insulated. After the boiler, a pump is installed that supplies coolant to the upper level.

In the case of bottom wiring, the hot riser is located above the return. The heating boiler is installed in the basement or on the first floor with a recess below the floor. An upper air line is connected to the pipeline to bleed air from the radiators.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of the two-pipe design are as follows:

• The simultaneous transfer of coolant to consumers allows you to regulate the temperature individually in each room. If necessary, radiators are completely closed if the room long time don't use it.
• The ability to remove individual devices for repair or replacement without turning off the heat supply to the remaining batteries. For this purpose they are used Ball Valves, with the help of which the flow of water at the inlet and outlet of the radiator is blocked.
• No installation needed centrifugal pump. Water rises upward from the boiler due to the difference in temperature at the inlet and outlet.
• Selecting a passing or dead-end design option. This makes it possible to balance the heat distribution without making constant adjustments and adjustments.

The design disadvantages are:

• Use in construction more pipes and components. This leads to more complex construction, increased financial and time costs.
• Cost increases if the line is made of steel or aluminum. Use of reinforced polypropylene pipes significantly reduces the construction budget.
• Not everyone likes the abundance of communications in the interior. They can be hidden in walls or boxes. And this means additional costs and difficulties with maintenance.

What's better?

What to choose: a one- or two-pipe design is up to the master to decide individually. Each of them has its own positive and negative properties associated with the design, construction, routine maintenance and improvements.

For small house up to three floors high, an option with one riser can be ideal solution, when at minimum investment high-quality results are achieved. But, it should be remembered that in such cases the process of installing additional equipment and replacing worn-out radiators becomes significantly more difficult.

How to convert a one-pipe into two?

A two-pipe system is much more efficient in many respects. makes the process of its construction simple and inexpensive. The alteration will not be difficult, but it will require sacrificing the repairs carried out, since you will have to install and gradually build up a return riser and attach batteries to it.

Another option is to install bypasses on the consumers closest to the boiler in order to reduce their temperature and increase the flow of coolants to the final radiators.

If you have experience in this area, please share it. You will provide a valuable service to craftsmen who have not yet made a choice in favor of one or another heating option for their home.

Evgeniy Sedov

When your hands grow from the right place, life is more fun :)

Content

Today there are the most different ways organization of systems, among which heating on two wings with a pump has gained great popularity. Its design is based on the principle of effective maintenance with minimal heat loss. The two-pipe heating system has become especially popular in single-story, multi-story and private houses, the connection of which allows you to achieve all necessary conditions for a comfortable stay.

What is a two-pipe heating system

Two-pipe heating is used in last years more and more often, and this despite the fact that installation of a single-pipe version is, as a rule, much cheaper. This model makes it possible to regulate the temperature in each room of a residential building according to at will, because A special control valve is provided for this purpose. As for the single-pipe circuit, unlike the two-pipe circuit, its coolant, during circulation, sequentially passes through absolutely all radiators.

As for the two-pipe model, here a pipe intended for pumping coolant is separately supplied to each radiator. And the return pipeline is collected from each battery into a separate circuit, the function of which is to deliver the cooled medium back to the flow-through or wall-mounted boiler. This circuit (natural/forced circulation) is called return and it has gained especially great popularity in apartment buildings, when there is a need to heat all floors using one boiler.

Advantages

Double-circuit heating, despite the higher installation cost compared to some other analogues, is suitable for buildings of any configuration and number of floors - this is a very important advantage. In addition, the coolant that enters all heating devices has an identical temperature, which makes it possible to uniformly warm up all rooms.

The remaining advantages of a two-pipe heating system are the possibility of installing special thermostats on radiators and the fact that the breakdown of one of the devices will in no way affect the operation of others. In addition, by installing valves on each battery, you can reduce water consumption, which is a big plus for the family budget.

Flaws

The above system has one significant drawback, which is that all its components and their installation are much more expensive than organizing a single-pipe model. It turns out that not all residents can afford it. Other disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system are the complexity of installation and the large number of pipes and special connecting elements.

Scheme of a two-pipe heating system

As mentioned above, this method of organizing a heating system differs from other options in that it has a more complex architecture. The dual-circuit heating circuit is a pair of closed circuits. One of them is used to supply heated coolant to the batteries, the other is to send waste, i.e., cooled liquid back for heating. The use of this method at a particular facility largely depends on the power of the boiler.

Dead end

In this embodiment, the direction of supply of heated water and return is multidirectional. Two-pipe dead-end system heating involves the installation of batteries, each of which has an identical number of sections. To balance the system with such a movement of heated water, the valve installed on the first radiator must be screwed on with great force in order to shut off.

Passing

This scheme is also called the Tichelman loop. A passing two-pipe heating system or just a passing one is easier to balance and configure, especially if the pipeline is very long. At this method organizing heating on each radiator requires the installation of a needle valve or a device such as a thermostatic valve.

Horizontal

There is also such a type of scheme as a two-pipe horizontal heating system, which is widely used in one- and two-story houses. It is also used in rooms with a basement, where the necessary communication networks and devices can be easily placed. When using such wiring, the supply pipeline can be installed under the radiators or at the same level with them. But this scheme has a drawback, which is the frequent formation air jams. In order to get rid of them, it is necessary to install Mayevsky taps on each device.

Vertical

Scheme of this type more often used in houses with 2-3 or more floors. But its organization requires a large number of pipes. It is necessary to take into account that a vertical two-pipe heating system has such a significant advantage as the ability to automatically discharge air that exits through a drain valve or expansion tank. If the latter is installed in the attic, then this room must be insulated. In general, with this scheme, the temperature distribution across the heating devices is uniform.

Two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring

If you decide to choose this scheme, keep in mind that it can be a collector type or with radiators mounted in parallel. Scheme of a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring of the first type: two pipelines go from the collector to each battery, which are supply and discharge. This model with lower wiring has the following advantages:

• installation shut-off valves performed in one room;
• high level efficiency;
• possibility of installation in an unfinished building;
• overlap and adjustment are easy and simple;
• the ability to turn off the top floor if no one lives there.

With top wiring

A closed two-pipe heating system with overhead wiring is used to a greater extent due to the fact that it is free of air pockets and has a high water circulation rate. Before making the calculation, install a filter, find a photo with detailed description scheme, it is necessary to compare the costs of this option with the benefits and take into account the following disadvantages:

• unaesthetic appearance of the premises due to open communications;
• high consumption pipes and necessary materials;
• the emergence of problems associated with the placement of the tank;
• rooms located on the second floor warm up somewhat better;
• impossibility of location in rooms with large footage;
• additional costs associated with decorative finishing, which should hide the pipes.

Connecting heating radiators with a two-pipe system

Installation work associated with the installation of double-circuit heating includes several stages. Radiator connection diagram:

1. At the first stage, the boiler is installed, for which a specially designated place is prepared, for example, a basement.
2. Next, the installed equipment is connected to expansion tank, mounted in the attic.
3. Then a pipe is connected to each radiator battery from the collector to move the coolant.
4. On next stage From each radiator, pipes are again drawn for heated water, which will give off its heat to them.
5. All return pipes form a single circuit, which is subsequently connected to the boiler.

If a circulation pump is used in such a loop system, then it is installed directly into the return loop. The fact is that the design of the pumps consists of various cuffs and gaskets, which are made of rubber and cannot withstand high temperatures. That's all installation work are completed.

Video

A two-pipe heating system has a more complex architecture, and its installation requires a large amount of materials. And yet, this system is more in demand than a simple one-pipe heating system. A two-pipe heating system consists of two closed circuits, one of which serves to supply heated coolant to the radiators, and the second to drain the already used (cooled) liquid. The use of this system is acceptable for all types of buildings, provided that the layout of the premises itself allows its installation.

Two-pipe heating system

Types and advantages of a two-pipe heating system

A technical feature of this type of heating system is that it consists of two pipelines. One is used to transport coolant heated in the boiler directly to heating sources - radiators. And the second circuit is necessary for the outflow of already used coolant from the radiators - the cooled liquid that has given up its heat.

A double-circuit heating system has a significant advantage over a single-pipe heating system, in which the heated coolant loses some of the heat even before it reaches the radiators.

In a system such as a passing two-pipe heating system, there is an equal temperature of the coolant entering simultaneously into the heating devices of the system.

Scheme of a two-pipe heating system

Many believe that the cost of a two-pipe system, compared to a simpler one-pipe system, almost doubles - after all, it is necessary to take twice as many pipes. But that's not true. The fact is that to properly build a properly functioning one-pipe system, pipes should be used larger diameter, since they contribute to more active movement of coolant and waste liquid. And when creating a two-pipe system, pipes of much smaller diameter are used, the cost of which is lower.

The same situation is observed when purchasing additional system components - valves, fittings, connecting elements. Products with larger diameters are more expensive. That is, we can draw a simple conclusion - in fact, purchasing materials for a two-pipe system will not cost you much more than for a single-pipe system. But the efficiency of its work is much higher.

Another significant advantage of a two-pipe system is that in such a heating system it is possible to install valves on each radiator, through which the heating level of the element can be controlled. In addition, using such valves you can also significantly save water and electricity consumption for heating it.

It should be noted that the two-pipe heating system design has another advantage. It lies in comparatively greater aesthetics.

Many owners of houses with a single-pipe system are often upset that a very thick heating pipe cannot be hidden - and this significantly spoils the overall impression of the room. While the pipes used in a more complex two-pipe system are thinner - and hiding them will not be difficult. And even if the pipes are visible, they do not attract much attention.

Considering everything obvious advantages two-pipe system - greater efficiency, low cost and aesthetics, you can confidently choose it. This is what most owners of country houses do.

There are two types of two-pipe heating systems - horizontal and vertical 2-pipe heating systems. The main difference between these types is in the axis of the pipeline location. These pipes are used to connect all elements of the heating system. Of course, each type has its own disadvantages and advantages. Common to both types are the following advantages: excellent hydraulic stability and a high level of heat transfer.

Should be installed in one-story buildings where the heating pipeline is quite long. In such houses, connecting heating radiators to a horizontally located system is the most practical solution question.

It is slightly more expensive than the horizontal one. However, since the riser is located vertically, this allows it to be used even in multi-storey buildings. In this case, each floor separately cuts into the central heating riser. In addition, the advantage of the vertical type of heating system is that air does not accumulate in it - if bubbles arise, they immediately rise vertically, directly into the expansion tank.

Whatever type of system you choose, you should keep in mind that balancing must be carried out. When choosing a vertical system, balancing a two-pipe heating system requires the riser itself. When horizontal adjustment of a two-pipe heating system takes place, the loops are subject to it.

Types of wiring for a two-pipe system

Regardless of which type of two-pipe heating system you choose for own home, there is another system for dividing it - according to the principle of organizing wiring. In the photo you can see two different schemes wiring Each has its own advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system.

In this case, the pipeline with hot coolant is laid in the basement or basement room. It is also possible to lay pipes underground. With this type of installation, it should be taken into account that the pipes for returning the waste coolant back to the boiler must be located even lower. Using the principle horizontal wiring requires some deepening of the boiler - only in this case will water move from the radiators to the heating element as quickly as possible. In addition, there is a need to connect an additional line - an overhead line - to the circuit. With its help it will be possible to remove air from the system.

To construct it, it is necessary to place the expansion tank at the highest point of the pipeline. The branching of the system is also carried out there. Being more practical, overhead wiring cannot be installed in buildings that do not have an attic.

You can choose the most suitable type of wiring, regardless of what type of supply pipe arrangement is used in your home.

However, there are some requirements that should definitely be taken into account. In particular, for houses in which a two-pipe vertical heating system is installed, the most appropriate is to use lower wiring. This is explained by the fact that two-pipe heating with bottom wiring allows maximum benefit use the pressure that arises in the system when there is a fairly large difference between the coolant and waste liquid. Of course, if architectural features buildings do not allow use bottom wiring, it is permissible to use the upper one.

It should be taken into account that the use of upper wiring both for supplying coolant to radiators and for returning return to the boiler is not The best decision, since sludge may accumulate in the lower elements of the system.

In fact, the classification of a two-pipe heating system is very multifaceted.

Another principle of separation is the direction of coolant flow. According to this criterion, the system can be:

• direct flow. In this case, the direction of movement of the coolant and return coincide.
• dead end. When using a scheme such as a two-pipe dead-end heating system, the hot and waste coolant move in different directions.

Modern systems can be equipped with a special pump, thanks to which the coolant moves more actively. At the same time, natural circulation systems are also often used, in which no additional equipment is used. If you intend to use a two-pipe system in two-story house, then this double-circuit heating must be equipped with a pump.

Heating system with circulation pump

But when installing a two-pipe heating system in a one-story room, you can do without a pump, using some laws of physics to move the coolant naturally. It is important to take into account that for more active natural circulation of the coolant, it is necessary to lay heating pipes with a slope directed towards the heating boiler.

However, regardless of the system you use (with forced and natural circulation), a slope must be present.

For systems with forced circulation, it is necessary in case of an unexpected power outage or pump breakdown. In this case, the slope allows the coolant to circulate naturally.

Calculation

When planning a two-pipe system, it is important to carry out a preliminary calculation of the two-pipe heating system using a reference such as preliminary scheme system (all elements must be indicated on it) and special axonometric formulas and tables.

This simple hydraulic calculation of a two-pipe heating system allows you to determine the optimal diameter of the pipes necessary for the normal functioning of the system and the volume of radiators used. The most commonly used types of calculations are:

• by pressure loss. This method assumes an equal level of coolant temperature in all parts of the system.
• calculations taking into account the value of conductivity and resistance. In this case it is assumed different meaning temperature indicators.

As a result of using the first method, you can obtain very accurate data showing the level of resistance in the circuit. The second method shows the temperature in each individual segment of the system, as well as the approximate coolant flow.

Principles of installation of a two-pipe system

When installing a two-pipe system, one should take into account quite a large number of requirements and rules. Only their full compliance will make it possible to create the maximum effective system heating and carry out the correct installation of a two-pipe heating system:

• two-pipe closed system heating or open circuit consists of two circuits - the upper one serves to supply heated coolant to the radiators, and the lower one serves to drain the waste liquid.
• pipes should be laid with a slight slope. It should be made towards the last radiator of the system.
• the upper and lower lines must be parallel.
• the central riser must be insulated - otherwise there will be a loss of coolant at the stage of its movement to the radiators.

• a two-pipe reversible heating system must have several taps that will allow water to be drained from individual areas if repairs become necessary.

• the pipeline should contain as few corners as possible.
• The expansion tank should be located at the highest point of the system.
• taps, connections and other elements of the system must be equal to the diameter of the pipes used.
• in case the pipeline is used steel pipes, it is necessary to create a system of fasteners that will support the pipe. The distance between supports should not exceed 1.2 meters.

The sequence of connecting elements in how to make a two-pipe heating system is simple:

• A central heating riser is connected to the heating boiler.
• in the upper part, the central riser is connected to the expansion tank.
• A splitter comes from the tank, directing the pipes to the radiators.
• the waste liquid discharge line is laid parallel to the supply pipes. It should be cut into the bottom of the heating boiler.
• the pump is installed at the most convenient point - most often at the inlet (outlet) of the boiler.

This type of heating system is quite efficient. Today there are a large number of boiler models that require automatic control coolant heating level. You can watch a video on how to make double-circuit heating with your own hands below.