A short story about a rose. Rose: description and history of the queen of flowers

Rosa Rose. evergreen shrub height from 20 cm to 1 m with erect or branched shoots and beautiful flowers of various colors with a pleasant aroma, located singly or in several pieces at the ends of the shoots.

Etymology of the name

The name of the genus Rose comes from the ancient Persian word wrodon, which in the Greek dialect was transformed into rhodon, and in Latin in rosa.

Types and varieties of roses

Rose is one of the most popular plants in the world. The homeland of cultivated roses is the subtropics South-East Asia, although some wild species, such as rose hips, are widespread all the way to the Arctic Circle. Evergreen roses are grown in pots, blooming profusely throughout the year: varieties of tea, hybrid tea and polyantha roses of repeated crossings of the following species. At the same time, for growing indoors, only dwarf, 20-30 cm high, miniature forms are used, whose roots do not go deep into the soil. It is best to keep roses growing on their own roots, that is, grown from cuttings.

Fragrant rose, or tea rose (Rosa odorata)

An evergreen shrub up to 1 m high with erect or branched shoots. The flowers are single or several at the ends of the shoots, with a pleasant tea aroma. The color of the flowers varies depending on the variety.

Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis)

An evergreen shrub 15-30 cm high with erect or drooping shoots. Young stems and leaves are red, mature ones are green. The leaves are pinnate with 3-5 lanceolate leaflets. The flowers are solitary, about 4 cm in diameter, single or double, pink or white, depending on the variety.

Varieties of miniature roses:

White:

« Purple Montserrat» - up to 20-25 cm tall, flower with pearl-white edges;

« For you» - up to 15 cm high, double flower, white with cream highlights;

« Green Ice Min"-buds are greenish-white, flowers are white.

Reds :

« Kri-kri» - up to 30 cm high, double flowers, from light red to crimson;

« Mayrov» - up to 40 cm high, bright red flowers with a yellow eye in the center, double;

« Peon» - 15 cm high, flowers are red, double or semi-double.

Yellow :

« Baby masquerade» - up to 35 cm high, lemon flowers, double;

« Golden child» - up to 30 cm high, yellow, simple branches;

« Hummingbird» - orange-yellow, double flowers.

Most often, roses are used in festive interior decoration. The rose itself is a wonderful decoration for any room. It looks beautiful both in a group with other plants, being the main element of the composition, and in splendid isolation. Roses with differently colored petals look very impressive on a windowsill, especially when the plants are located at different levels.

Rose care

The best location would be a bright, sunny, well-ventilated place. In spring, the rose is taken out into the garden or onto the balcony. In autumn and winter, plants are kept in a cool room with a temperature of +5...+8 °C; in February - March the temperature is raised to +18 °C. In winter, additional lighting is advisable. Water with settled water under the root or in a tray, from spring to autumn - generously, in winter - moderately. Good drainage is necessary so that the water in the pot does not stagnate. During the active growing season, they are fed with mineral fertilizer once every two weeks. Wilted flowers are removed to allow further flowering. Plants do not tolerate drafts well. Replanted in the spring. After transplantation, the plant is cut short, leaving 3-4 buds. Roses have a well developed root system, so they need to provide a sufficiently deep pot (the diameter is approximately equal to the depth), the rose is replanted using the transshipment method so as not to damage the roots. For planting, use a soil mixture of turf soil, humus and sand (3:1:1).

Possible problems when growing roses at home:

— spider mite on a rose — the mite settles on the upper and lower sides of the leaf, on shoots and buds. The surface of damaged leaves is first covered with pale spots, but later the spots increase and form solid whitish spots, the leaves fall off prematurely. To combat the disease, it is necessary to increase the humidity in the room, wash the plants from cobwebs;

— powdery mildew on a rose - develops in poorly ventilated areas, with excess fertilizer and crowded plants. In diseased plants, the affected shoots, leaves, and buds are removed, then they are treated with foundationazole;

— rust roses - with this disease, pustules (bubbles, swellings) are formed, which can be of completely different colors - from red or orange to dark brown. All suspicious leaves should be removed. Spraying with fungicides may not produce results. It is important to carry out prevention, consisting mainly of proper care for plants. Rust of roses is promoted by keeping them in a poorly ventilated area, with high humidity and high air temperatures;

— rose spotting - a disease that has both a fungal and bacterial nature. In this case, brown weeping spots appear on the leaves of the plant, which grow in size as the disease spreads, merge and affect the entire leaf. Remove and burn affected leaves and shoots. Spray with foundationazole, reduce watering and stop spraying until recovery;

— thrips on rose - the causes of infection are heat and low air humidity. On the underside of the leaf, thrips lays numerous colonies, and light dots appear on the upper side of the leaf. Thrips cause the main damage to flowers, which become stained and deformed. The plant should be sprayed, if necessary repeatedly, with insecticides.

In the presence of large window And favorable conditions You can arrange a small rose garden at home. A rose is good in the center of a small glass or wooden coffee table. In general, she feels great surrounded various items made of glass, which emphasize the beauty and fragility of its flowers. Roses in various flowerpots and decorative containers can beautifully decorate your garden, terrace, balcony or garden path.

Rose propagation

The easiest way to propagate roses is by cuttings. Green shoots are used for this. The buds located in the leaf axil should be green and alive. Select the middle part of the shoot. The first oblique cut is made under the lower bud, the second - 1.5-2 cm above the upper bud. For better rooting, the cuttings are dipped in a solution of a growth stimulator (heteroauxin, etc.). Then the cuttings are planted obliquely to a depth of 1.5-2 cm in the ground. Cover it with a jar on top and spray it periodically. When the first leaf unfolds, the frequency of spraying is reduced and the cuttings begin to be ventilated, accustoming them to the dry air of the room.

Ecology of home with rose

The magical aroma of roses has a phytoncidal effect. Cleansing and healing the environment, the rose emits an aroma that tones and excites.

Medicinal properties of roses

Rose oil can have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Contemplation in the interior of elements of living nature with decorative and phytoncidal properties has a beneficial effect on our body.

Rose energy

The rose is the oldest flower that accompanies a person. The scent of rose is probably the most famous of the scents of love. Rose is a difficult flower to grow, but if you succeed, it will bring peace, comfort and harmony to your home. The energy of a rose is characterized by rotational vibrations directed outward. The energy moves in a spiral from the center of the plant in ever-widening circles. It has a stimulating effect and gives strength, so plants with such energy should not be combined with plants that emit cloud-like vibrations. It should be remembered that for all its beauty, a rose is a vampire and is not suitable for every home. Giving you its splendor, the rose will require you to give back your energy and spiritual strength. If you and a rose have found a common language, with its beauty and perfection it will certainly harmonize the bioenergetic environment in your home.

By flower horoscope Rose is Leo, and, like all Leos, she is expansive, proud, and full of self-esteem. Rose-Leo easily gets along in the same house with Gemini, Pisces, Virgo, Libra. It is strictly contraindicated for her to live together with Aries, Sagittarius, Scorpio and Leo. She is indifferent to other signs.

Floral cosmetics with rose

The most famous essential oil is rose. It is believed that only pink and red varieties of roses have the typical scent of this oil. Rose oil in pure form or in cosmetics (it is included in many perfumes) it gives a woman sensuality and a touch of tenderness.

Legends and myths about the rose

In ancient India, a person who brought a rose to the king could ask for whatever he wanted. According to one ancient Greek legend, the Earth, seeing the wondrous beauty Aphrodite emerging from the sea foam, decided to create something no less beautiful. And she created a rose. Since then, the rose has been dedicated to Aphrodite. But the roses remained white until a misfortune happened to her beloved Adonis. Having learned that he was mortally wounded, the goddess rushed in search of him. Sharp thorns and stones injured her legs. Drops of divine blood fell on the roses, turning them from white to red.

According to other sources, the rose was created by the goddess of flowers Flora. In many folk rituals, the rose was given a place of honor. A wedding, a declaration of love, a meeting of warriors - roses were present everywhere. The Greeks not only enjoyed roses, but also studied them as a culture. Theophrastus described the types of roses that existed in Greece and how to care for them. Even then, he wrote how to propagate roses using cuttings, how to prune in order to improve flowering, and how to choose the right place for planting.

Indian puranas (myths) tell that from a blossoming rosebud, the most beautiful of women was born - Lakshmi, the goddess of beauty, who became the wife of Vishnu. The rose that covered her turned into a symbol of divine mystery and since those ancient times has been considered sacred by all eastern peoples.

In Greece, the rose was also considered a gift from the gods. One of the prominent Greek lyricists, Anacreon, believed that she arose from the snow-white foam of the sea that covered the body of Aphrodite when the goddess stepped onto land. The gods sprinkled the magnificent white rose with nectar, and it began to smell wonderfully fragrant. The rose's difficult path led her to medieval Europe. There, in later times, the image of a rose arose - the protector of good deeds, for example, the legend of St. Nicholas has survived to this day. He took bread from the monastery to feed the freezing poor during the cold winter, but on the way he was stopped by the strict abbot of the monastery. And then the bread suddenly turned into roses - this was a sign from above that God was on the side of the saint performing this good deed.

The heroine of our story is mentioned in many proverbs and sayings, for example, in England the phrase bed of roses denotes an easy, pleasant life. Expression under the rose(“under the rose”) goes back to its Latin counterpart sub rosa and means “secretly”, “secretly”. The rose in Rome was a symbol of silence. According to legend, the god of love Cupid bribed the god of silence Harpocrates with a rose flower so that he would not tell his mother Venus about Cupid's misdeeds. During the decline of Rome, a rose was hung on the ceiling of the hall during feasts as a reminder that, after drinking wine, you need to keep your mouth shut. There is a saying in Turkey: “A rose that blooms before its time quickly withers.” In Russia they used to say: “The flower is good, but the thorn is sharp.”

Rose was also accompanied by Christian legends. According to one of them, the Archangel Gabriel made three wreaths from heavenly roses for Holy Mother of God. The white wreath signified her joy, the red one her suffering, and the yellow one her glory. On some paintings in the Middle Ages, the Mother of God and Child are depicted surrounded by three wreaths of roses.

Essential rose oil is very expensive, and obtaining it requires enormous effort, since rose petals have to be collected by hand, preferably at dawn. From 4 to 8 am, rose flowers contain greatest number essential oil, and you need to collect it at this very moment. To prevent the oil from evaporating, processing of the collected petals begins immediately after collection. Essential rose oil was obtained by the Egyptians and Greeks in ancient times. It is believed that varieties of double essential oil rose, the most saturated in rose oil content, originate from Iran. From there they eventually came to India, Turkey and Bulgaria. Most of the oil is extracted from the flowers of the Kazanlak rose, however, to obtain only 1 kg of essential rose oil, approximately 3 tons of petals must be used.

Pages of history

Since time immemorial, the rose has become a subject of garden culture. When you read books about the history and cultivation of roses in different cultures and civilizations, you involuntarily begin to realize that the rose was revered only by those peoples whose civilization was in its prime. Ancient China, Egypt, Hellas, the Roman Empire, Persia - roses were revered and grown everywhere. During the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte, his wife Josephine founded a rose garden near the Malmaison Palace. Numerous studies have established two centers of origin for garden roses. They arose long before our era, were geographically distant and independent of each other. These roses were different both in biological properties and in appearance. All modern varieties of roses growing on globe, originate from these centers.

The first center is the Middle East and Persia (Iran). Persian and Arab poets praise the rose and decorate palaces and temples with it. According to Islamic tradition, White Rose arose from drops of Mohammed’s sweat during his night ascent to heaven. In ancient times, mainly Gallic roses were grown in the Middle East - Gallic, or French (Rosa gallica), Damascus (Rosa damascena), centifolia, or centifolia (Rosa centifolia), and hybrids white roses (Rosa alba). An intoxicating aroma, luxurious branches of huge, spreading bushes, decorated with inflorescences of double flowers of red, pink or white flowers, — characteristic features Gallic roses These roses bloomed once a season and not for long.

The second center of rose culture is China. Here the rose was the imperial flower: it was grown only in the gardens of the imperial family (no mortal was allowed to grow roses in his own garden). From China, the rose came to India, where it was considered a symbol of divine mystery and a sacred flower. In Japan, chrysanthemums and sakura were revered more than other flowers, but here they grew , which breeders used to develop new varieties. East Asian types of roses - Chinese (Rosa chinensis), Indian, or tea (Rosa indica odorata).

If we consider the historical path of the emergence of modern varieties of roses, then the next people to put the rose on a pedestal were the ancient Greeks. Ancient Rome adopted the culture of the Greeks, and with it the attitude towards the rose. During the heyday of Rome, the rose was considered a symbol of strict morality and served as a reward for outstanding deeds. It was in Ancient Rome that they began to breed it on an industrial scale; they even learned how to grow roses in winter in heated greenhouses. With the decline of the Roman Empire, the image of the rose changed - it became a sign of vice and vulgar luxury (a bed of rose petals, baths of rose water; whole ships of roses were delivered by order of the emperor to Rome from Egypt). The Roman Emperor Heliogabalus (from the soldiers received the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus) tried to introduce the Sun God into the Roman pantheon and proclaim him the supreme deity of the Roman state. The cult of Heliogabalus was characterized by lavish orgiastic rituals. One day during a celebration, the emperor locked the guests in order to attract their attention to an unusual spectacle that he created by making it rain roses. The number of petals was so large that several people suffocated. During early Christianity, people tried not to remember the rose. It came out of oblivion again only in the 4th century. n. e.

The path of the roses Western Europe was difficult. So, many related species of roses were found in Europe only the beginning of the nineteenth V. And if you compare a breeder with an artist, then only from that moment on he had the entire palette of colors in his hands, which in the future would allow him to paint any picture. As a result of crossing Damask roses (Autumn Damask) And Gallic (Rosa gallica officinalis) in 1792 were received Portland roses (Portland). They bloomed several times during the season, but repeat flowering was weak. In 1812, a variety was bred in the New World that marked the beginning Noisette roses. Then in 1817 they appeared Bourbon roses. Their ancestors were Chinese and Damask roses, later musk (Rosa moschata) And gigantea (Rosa gigantea). Tea roses (Rosa indica odorata) have been cultivated in China since ancient times. From 1789 to 1809, several varieties of Chinese roses were exported from China to England by tea traders. After crossing tea roses with Noisette and Bourbon roses, a group arose tea roses (Tea). Tea roses turned out to be tender and heat-loving plants. In 1810, hybrids were brought from China Chinese dwarf rose (Rosa chinensis minima), and five years later they became very popular.

Remontant roses appeared in the 40s of the nineteenth century. in France as a result of crossing Gallica and Damask roses with varieties of Portland, tea, Bourbon and Noisette roses. They bloomed again, and they were named after this property. remontant (Hybrid Perpetual). In 1867, varieties of tea roses were crossed with remontant and other garden roses and got a group hybrid tea roses (Hybrid Tea).Polyantha roses (Polyantha) appeared in 1875 after crossing a dwarf form of a multi-flowered rose with a dwarf form Chinese rose. The unusual shape of this shrub for a long time attracted gardeners. As a result of further breeding work, complex hybrids of roses appeared, which were similar in biological and morphological characteristics, and in 1935 they were all united into a single garden group Floribunda, which literally means “generously blooming.”

It took almost a century for roses with long whip-like shoots to Banks' rose (Rosa banksiae), multi-flowered rose (Rosa multiflora) And Rose Vihura (Rosa wichuraiana) migrated to Europe. These vine-shaped roses have been crossed with all known garden rose groups. This is how the group came into being climbing roses(Rambler and Climbing). Low-growing, compact varieties with small leaves and inflorescences, continuously blooming, were separated into a group Patio. In America they were called Mini Flora. The story of roses does not end there. Every year, scientists continue to develop more and more varieties of amazing beauty.

Irina Vyacheslavovna Mozzhelina

Rose. Stories and legends

Ekaterina Ziborova

Rose - the queen of flowers - is an object of worship and fiery love. Since time immemorial, the rose has been an object of worship and admiration.

The very first information about roses can be found in ancient Hindu legends: she was held in such esteem in ancient India that there was even a law according to which anyone who brought a rose to the king could ask him for whatever he wanted.

In Ancient Iran, hundreds of volumes were written about the charms of this flower. According to one of the poets, the rose was a gift from Allah himself. One day, all the children of Flora came to him with a request to appoint a new ruler to replace the beautiful but sleepy Lotus, who forgot his duties as a ruler in the middle of the night. Allah heeded their request and sent down to them a virgin white rose with sharp thorns.

Inspired poets and writers legend of the nightingale and the rose. The nightingale was so captivated by her charm that he clutched the rose to his chest in delight. But thorns, sharp as daggers, pierced his heart, and the blood of the unfortunate man stained the petals of the wondrous flower. That is why, according to a Persian legend, many of the outer petals roses still retain their pinkish tint.

Perhaps the Persian rose was originally a magnificent double rose with a musky scent. And in the Negaristan garden you can find the Eglantheria rose - up to 6 m high, with a trunk up to 70 cm in circumference. This pink tree has no analogues in the world.

From the Persians, the love for roses passed on to all Mohammedans, who attribute to them purifying powers - according to legend, a white rose grew from drops of Mohammed’s sweat during his night ascent to heaven. Therefore, not a single Mohammedan will step on a rose, but a petal lying on the ground will immediately be moved to a clean place. Rose water is credited with purifying force: Mohammed II, for example, after he captured Constantinople, ordered the Church of St. Sophia to be washed from top to bottom with rose water before turning it into a mosque.

In China, they say, the great Confucius was also fascinated by roses, praising her as the queen of flowers. They also say that more than 500 volumes in the library of the Chinese emperor tell only about the rose, and in the imperial gardens it grows in incredible quantities.

Whether the ancient Jews knew the rose is still a controversial issue. However, according to the Talmud, the red rose grew from the innocently shed blood of Abel and therefore should serve as an adornment for every Jewish bride at her wedding.

In Egypt in the 7th century, during the time of Ptolemy, the town of Arsinoe became famous for its roses, where rose water was prepared from them. It is known that Queen Cleopatra, receiving Mark Antony, ordered the floor of the hall to be strewn with pink petals, the thickness of which was ? arshin.

In Greece - the center of all intellectual life ancient world- the rose was considered a gift from the gods. According to Anacreon, she was born from the snow-white foam that covered the body of Aphrodite. Seeing this lovely flower on her, the gods immediately sprinkled it with nectar, giving it a wonderful aroma.

There are many legends about that how the white rose turned red. One by one legend, she was stained with drops of Aphrodite’s blood when she, not noticing the sharp thorns, ran through the grove of Python, where her beloved Adonis lay wounded to death. Another says that during one of the feasts of the gods on Olympus, Cupid knocked over a vessel with nectar with his red-pink wings, coloring the white roses in red color and imparting a delicate smell to them.

Rose played important role and in everyday life: the bride was decorated with wreaths of roses, lovers sent them to each other, and the Greeks strewn the path of the winner returning home with roses. On the other hand, urns containing the ashes of the deceased were decorated with roses - the Greeks saw a symbol of infinity in the round bud. In general, the rose was credited with many miraculous properties - protecting remains from decomposition, restoring beauty, and many others. Knitters of rose wreaths were also held in high esteem.

From Greece, the rose was brought by colonists to Rome. During the Republic, the rose was considered a symbol of strict morality and was a reward for outstanding deeds, and warriors decorated themselves with wreaths of roses to instill courage. She was so highly valued that it was forbidden to adorn herself with it in days of sorrow and sorrow. And in houses they often hung a twig over the table roses as a symbol of the god Harpocrates - the god of silence. Popular expression"sub rosa dictum" - Means: I said under a rose, that is, under a big secret.

Meaning roses during the fall of Rome has changed: she became a flower of fun during drunken orgies, an exponent of base feelings. Patricians and emperors stuffed mattresses and pillows with fragrant petals, and strewed the floors of their palaces with a thick layer of petals. In Emperor Nero's dining hall, the ceiling and walls rotated to represent the changing seasons, and instead of hail and rain, guests were showered with billions of fresh petals. Wanting to enjoy the scent of roses as much as possible, the emperors even ordered petals to be strewn on the surface of the sea during boat trips.

The vast rose gardens on the outskirts of Rome expanded to the detriment of grain crops. And the streets of Rome were so saturated with the smell of roses that an unfamiliar person felt sick.

This attitude of the Romans towards the rose initially inspired disgust for the first Christians. However, over time, she began to gain their favor thanks to her wondrous beauty and delicate scent. It was even dedicated to the Mother of God. And the white ones roses They were also called Magdalene roses - they lost their color from the tears of repentance she shed. In addition, the rose in Catholic legends- is the heavenly protector of good deeds.

The rose was most loved in medieval France. Here, not everyone was allowed to breed it. And even the poorest parent considered it his duty to give his daughter a wreath of roses, a “chapel.” And even baptism was carried out at this time with an admixture of rose water.

In England, under the banner of two peaceful roses - red and white - a terrible fratricidal war broke out, which lasted 30 years. The bushes from which these two historical roses, were in Temple Park in London and died only about ten years ago. Subsequently, English gardeners developed a special variety roses, Lancaster York, famous for the fact that both red and white bloom on the same bush roses.

At first the rose in England served distinctive sign actors who wore it on their shoes. But soon it became an attribute of the costume of the dandies and dandies of England, who wore it behind the ear, and the larger the rose, the more luxurious. Soon, Queen Elizabeth herself began to appear with a living rose behind her ear. Finally, the rose was the last flower that King Edward VII took with him from this world - his inconsolable wife Queen Alexandra placed a wonderful white rose in his hand.

In Germany, the rose appeared during pagan times. The god of fire Loki laughs at the onset of spring, and from his laughter the cold runs away, the snow melts and the earth is covered with roses. At the same time, the rose is a symbol of the sword and the mortal wound. As a result, both the battlefield and cemeteries were called rose gardens.

With the introduction of Christianity in Germany, the pagan worship of the rose was also transferred to it. By legend, white roses grew on a bush, where the Virgin Mary hung Christ’s diapers to dry. They said that touching a rose turns werewolves back into people and exposes witches.

In the 16th century, Freemasons decorated themselves with a rose on Midsummer's Day. And the mystical society of Rosicrucians chose as their symbol a wreath of roses with thorns with a St. Andrew's cross inside.

Finally, the image of a wreath of roses in a pentagon of stars served as a sign of the Order of Roses founded by the Brazilian Emperor Don Pedro I, which was considered the greatest honor.

In Russia, the rose as a decoration for gardens appeared under Peter I and especially under Catherine II. And the surname Rozanov, which is often found among us, also came from roses- this surname was given by one count to a family of serfs whom he set free for their outstanding skills in caring for roses, in which the father of this family outdid a specially invited Englishman.

Roses They come in white and pink, yellow and dark red, and even black and blue ones grow on the Hawaiian Islands. The beauty of the soft blue petals gives off the color of the tropical sky. The blue rose is, of course, rare. But no less rare is the emerald rose, bred in botanical garden"Napoca" in the Romanian city of Cluj. The petals are salad green in color roses reminiscent of transparent dragonfly wings with a pearlescent tint.

They say that even a black rose was born, representing sadness. And in Italy, at a flower exhibition, a rose was presented white Purezza - Purity without a single thorn.

In the book “On the Properties of Herbs” by the ancient French physician Odo of Mena, roses are dedicated poetry: “Really, the rose is deservedly considered the flower of flowers. It surpasses all flowers in aroma and beauty, but the rose is not only able to delight us with its aroma and charm, but is useful with an abundance of healing qualities.”

Stories and legends about the rose...
People have composed many legends and fairy tales about the beautiful rose. They say that this is an old, old riddle, composed more than a thousand years ago. Its initial version was written in Latin. “Try to guess who the five brothers are: two are bearded, two are beardless, and the last one, the fifth, looks like a freak - only on the right there is a beard, on the left there is not a trace.”

This riddle is mentioned in Alexander Tsinger’s book “Entertaining Botany” (1951). The answer lies in the structure of the green calyx of the rose flower. Two sepals have serrated edges (“beards”) on both sides, two have no such edges at all, and the fifth has a edge on only one side. The convenience of the device for a flower still hidden in a bud is understandable. Five borders, tightly touching, cover five gaps between the sepals. If even one edge were missing, one gap would remain uncovered; a sixth rim would be redundant and could interfere with the cup's tight closure.

It is not surprising that such detailed detail was noticed in ancient times. Countless old stories, tales and legends tells about roses, which have been sung by poets in all kinds of languages ​​since time immemorial. Maybe it was roses that were the first plants that people began to breed for their beauty.

As we know from history, she was loved, worshiped, and sung from time immemorial. IN Ancient Greece they decorated the bride with roses, they strewn the path of the victors when they returned from the war; they were dedicated to the gods, and many temples were surrounded by beautiful rose gardens. During excavations, scientists found coins with roses depicted on them. And in ancient Rome, this flower decorated the houses of only very rich people. When they held feasts, the guests were showered with rose petals, and their heads were decorated with wreaths of roses. The rich bathed in rose water baths; Wine was made from roses, they were added to dishes, to various sweets, which are still loved in the East. And then roses began to be grown in other countries.

According to archaeological data, the rose has existed on Earth for about 25 million years, and has been cultivated for more than 5,000 years, and for most of this time it was considered sacred symbol. The scent of roses has always been associated with something divine, inspiring awe. Since ancient times, the custom of decorating churches with fresh roses has been preserved.

It was grown in the gardens of the East several thousand years ago, and the very first information about the rose is found in ancient Indian legends, although Persia is considered its homeland. In the ancient Persian language, the word "rose" literally means "spirit". The ancient poets called Iran Gyu l and stan, i.e. country of roses Bengal roses come from India, tea roses come from China.

According to legend, Lakshmi is the most beautiful woman in the world, was born from an open rosebud. The progenitor of the universe, Vishnu, kissed the girl, woke her up, and she became his wife. From that moment on, Lakshmi was proclaimed the goddess of beauty, and the rose - a symbol of the divine secret, which she keeps under the protection of sharp thorns. There is another legend - a Hindu one, according to which the deities argued which flower was better, a rose or a lotus. And of course, the rose won, which led to the creation beautiful woman, from the petals of this flower.

The Queen of Flowers was also appreciated by privileged people. Roses were bred under Peter the Great and Catherine the Second. In the 17th century, the rose first came to Russia. The German ambassador brought it as a gift to Emperor Mikhail Fedorovich. They began to plant it in gardens only under Peter the Great.

The temptress Cleopatra seduced the impregnable warrior Mark Antony among the mountains of fragrant rose petals. According to the legend of Ancient India, during the celebrations, one of the rulers ordered to fill a moat with water with pink petals. Later, people noticed that the water was covered with a film of pink essence. This is how rose oil was born. For the ancient Greeks, the rose has always been a symbol of love and sadness, a symbol of beauty in poetry and painting.

One Greek legend tells us how the rose appeared - it was created by the goddess Chloris. One day the goddess discovered a dead nymph and decided to try to revive her. True, it was not possible to revive, and then Chloris took from Aphrodite the attractiveness, from Dionysus - the heady aroma, from the Graces - joy and bright color, from other deities everything else that attracts us so much in roses. This is how the most beautiful flower, ruling among all others is the rose.

IN Greek mythology, as a symbol of love and passion, the rose served as an emblem greek goddess the love of Aphrodite (Roman Venus), and also symbolized love and desire. During the Renaissance, the rose was associated with Venus because of the beauty and aroma of this flower, and the thorn of its thorns was associated with the wounds of love. According to one legend, the rose first bloomed when the goddess of love Aphrodite was born from the waves of the sea. As soon as she reached the shore, the flakes of foam sparkling on her body began to turn into bright red roses.

The ancient Greek poet Sappho called the rose “the queen of flowers.” The great Socrates considered the rose the most beautiful and most useful flower in the world. From ancient Greek myths we know that temples dedicated to the goddess of love Aphrodite were surrounded by thickets of these flowers, and the goddess herself loved to take baths in rose water. In the 2nd millennium BC. roses were depicted on the walls of houses in Crete, and thousands of years later - on the tombs of the pharaohs in Ancient Egypt. The ancient Romans so deified the beauty of roses that they planted them in the fields instead of wheat, and in winter they exported flowers from Egypt in whole ships.

Another story about why the rose turned red - it blushed with pleasure when Eve, who was walking in the Garden of Eden, kissed her. The rose is the flower most revered by Christianity. That's what they call it - the flower of the Virgin Mary. Painters depicted the Virgin Mary with three wreaths. A wreath of white roses meant her joy, red roses meant her suffering, and yellow roses meant her glory. The red moss rose arose from the drops of Christ's blood flowing down the cross. The angels collected it in golden bowls, but a few drops fell on the moss, and a rose grew from them, the bright red color of which should remind us of the blood shed for our sins.

There is an ancient Hindu legend about how the gods Vishnu and Brahma started a dispute about which flower was the most beautiful. Vishnu preferred the rose, and Brahma, who had never seen this flower before, praised the lotus. When Brahma saw the rose, he agreed that this flower was more beautiful than all the plants on earth.

Poets and writers were inspired by the legend of the nightingale and the rose. The nightingale saw a white rose and was captivated by its beauty that he pressed it to his chest in delight. A sharp thorn, like a dagger, pierced his heart, and scarlet blood stained the petals of a wondrous flower.

Muslims believe that the white rose grew from the drops of sweat of Mohammed during his night ascent to heaven, the red rose from the drops of sweat of the Archangel Gabriel who accompanied him, and the yellow rose from the sweat of an animal that was with Mohammed. Knights once compared the ladies of their hearts to roses. They seemed as beautiful and impregnable as this flower. Many of the knights had a rose engraved on their shields as an emblem.

And finally, one more riddle about the rose. One evening, a prince was walking in a palace park. He was surprised when he met a very beautiful stranger. They walked through the park all night, but at dawn she told him that she had to leave because she was a princess who had been turned into a rose by an evil sorcerer. Only for one summer night she becomes a girl again. There is only one way to disenchant it - on the first try, recognize it among thousands of other roses. If the choice is wrong, the girl will die. The princess disappeared, and the prince, with the first rays of sunshine, went to that part of the park where hundreds of roses grew and immediately found her. The question is - how did he recognize her? Answer: there was no dew on it...

All people, and especially the female half, love flowers. After all, this is one of the most beautiful works of nature, which never ceases to amaze with new forms and shades every time. And, of course, this especially applies to the queen of all flowers - the rose. About her and we'll talk in our article.

History of roses

This ancient plant like a rose certainly has long history, shrouded in many secrets and legends.

Origin of the word

Initially, the name of the flower in ancient Persian sounded like “wrodon”. Further in ancient Greek it was transformed into “rbodon”, and in Latin it acquired the familiar and familiar name “rosa”.

Cultivation history

History claims that the birthplace of the flower is Ancient India. There, the person who brought the king a rose could ask him for anything. The plant was used in all ceremonial and religious ceremonies and was truly majestic. From the East the flower came to Ancient Rome. Roses began to be grown there, despite the fact that the main purpose of the gardens at that time was production useful plants(for consumption in food, in the form of medicines, etc.).
With the collapse of the empire, the main gardening passed to the monasteries. Although keeping flowers solely for aesthetic pleasure was not common, roses occupied a place of honor and were included in the list of plants recommended for planting. The rose was also observed in Ancient Greece, where it was also highly revered. She came there either from Rome or directly from the East. After the capture of Constantinople and Crusades previously unknown plant varieties appeared in Europe. By that time, the flower was actively grown, and its image was present in heraldry and architecture.

Did you know?The largest number of roses are sold on Valentine's Day. The number of flowers sold throughout the planet reaches 3 million.

Description of the plant

Different varieties differ in colors, shapes, aroma, but they all have General characteristics, by which you can easily recognize a rose among other flowers.

Shapes of bushes and shoots

The ground part of the rose includes the following components:

• main stems;
• shoots of different order;
• flowers.

Leaves

Several leaves are attached to the petiole (most often 5-7, but sometimes their number reaches 15). Each type has leaves of different texture, size and shape. In most cases, their color is rich green, rarely purple or with a copper tint. The edges can be either solid or jagged. The surface of the leaf can be from completely matte to glossy.

Spikes

Thorns are formations on shoots that perform protective function. They can be very large and very small. Sometimes there are roses covered with small prickly hairs.

The spikes themselves can have different shapes:

• straight;
• sickle-shaped;
• curved down;
• flattened.

Did you know?A special variety of roses was developed in Japan« Chameleon»: During the day the flower is bright red and at night it turns snowy white.

The buds of this flower contain a large amount of essential oil, so they are often used in making tea. upper class. This additive creates an incredible aroma and also enriches the drink with various beneficial substances, of which there are many in its composition.

Flowers

Flowers are located at the top of the shoot or along its entire length and can be:

• single-flowered;
• multi-flowered;
• few-flowered.

• single color;
• two-color;
• mixed;
• striped;
• multi-colored;
• painted.

• cone-shaped (goblet-shaped);
• spherical;
• cup-shaped;
• rosette-shaped;
• pompom;
• flat;
• square;
• open;
• boat;
• with a loose center.

Did you know?Rose oil is included in 98% of women's and 48% of men's perfume products.

Fruit

Wild species and some garden species are covered with small fleshy fruits after flowering. Sometimes this happens when the bush has not yet bloomed. This creates a very beautiful and sophisticated decorative effect. The fruits themselves come in several forms:

• round;
• oval;
• bottle-shaped.

Classification of roses: what types of roses are there?

Over the long period of its existence, the rose has changed a lot, and in this process various types have formed. They are all different from each other and were bred for different purposes.

Park and garden

The park species is considered one of the most successful acquisitions for the garden, because it is the one that has high winter hardiness and is able not to die during the period of cold weather and snow. It has its own characteristics:

• the bushes sometimes resemble thickets of rose hips up to 2 m high;
• many varieties are not particularly distinguished by the exquisiteness of their flowers;
• have a rich aroma and bloom profusely throughout the season (starting in May);
• the fruits are not only decorative, but also useful for humans;
• have a large number of hard spines.

Single, terry, semi-double

Simple (not double roses) bloom briefly and once a season. But the flowering itself is very abundant. They have a large number of fruits, which create a beautiful autumn decorative look bush. It is not recommended to plant such roses in close proximity to the house, terrace or paths, since almost the entire season you will have to observe an ordinary green bush. Double flowers are particularly lush. Representatives of this type are found in both hybrid tea and hybrid polyantha rose species. They are distinguished by a longer flowering period, while being very abundant. Semi-double is a mixture of single and double.

Color mixtures

Over the years of selection, the plant has changed a lot; on the modern market you can find not only monochromatic flowers, but also multi-colored ones. The petals may be striped, have different colors on both sides, the colors may blend smoothly into one another, or even combine more than two in one bud.

Garden, cutting, potting

Garden roses are considered to be all varieties that were bred during the active selection of a given plant. This is the most numerous section, containing many copies. They are varied in color, size and aroma. Cut varieties were specially bred as plants for creating bouquets. They are varied in color, have more large flowers and strong aroma.
Many people prefer to grow just such roses to use them in home decoration or as a gift. Roses in pots are great solution for connoisseurs of the beauty of this plant. They have many options in color and shape, and the ability to create a comfortable climate makes their flowering long (they begin to bloom earlier and end later than outdoor plant varieties).

Basic rules and features of rose care

Of course, caring for such a plant has its own rules and secrets that will help ensure a luxurious appearance and a long life for the flower in various conditions.

All about landing

An important factor in the future well-being of the plant is proper planting.

Important!You should buy seedlings only from trusted sellers. The plant must be healthy in appearance, free from mold, stains, damage and wrinkled or drying shoots.

In order for everything to go successfully, it is necessary to take into account several points that affect the future quality of the bush:

1. Place - the site should be chosen in the south, with sufficient sun, protected from the winds. The plant prefers elevated areas and does not like close proximity to groundwater.
2. Soil preparation - the soil must be dug up, well-rotted manure (in no case fresh!), ash and lime must be added if the soil is acidic.
3. Preparation of seedlings - trim the bush, leaving 4-6 buds. For hybrid teas, leave only 2-3 eyes, and for park ones, a third of the shoots are removed, and the root system is approximately equalized with the ground part of the bush. Before boarding better than a day keep the plant in water, because it is not known exactly how long ago it was dug up.
4. Planting in spring is carried out in May. Prepare landing hole it takes several weeks for the soil to settle. Its depth should be 60-70 cm, since the bush needs enough space to grow. If the climate is humid, then the seedling is lowered into the hole and covered with earth, and watered from above. If the climate is arid, the seedling is covered with earth mixed with water. This way the root system takes root better.
5. Planting in the fall - it must be done before the end of September. Autumn period less favorable for planting, since it is difficult to find high-quality seedlings and choose the optimal temperature for planting them in the ground. It is carried out according to the same principle as in the spring. It is important to deepen the root collar 2-3 cm into the ground. This will give the plant a better chance of surviving the winter. At the end of planting, be sure to thoroughly water the fresh plantings.

How to care for roses

Correct and timely care- this is an obligatory moment in growing roses. After all, neglected plants will not produce beautiful and abundant flowers or may even die.

The rose belongs to the genus Rosehip of the Varicolored family. The plant itself is a shrub, the size of which can vary greatly from 15 cm to over 2 meters. The branches of the plant are covered with thorns, and the leaves are green and imparipinnate. We distinguish roses by color. But they differ not only on this basis. They can be dwarf, climbing, bush, tree-like, differ in the shape of the petals and aroma. There are more than 20,000 different varieties of roses, and today more and more new varieties of these beautiful flowers continue to be developed.

The rose flower is heat-loving plant, but it is able to grow and bloom in quite harsh climates. An important condition for flowering plants is sunlight. If the plant is planted in the shade, it may stop blooming or the flowering will be weak.

Rose is the queen of flowers. Every person knows about its existence. This is a very ancient plant. The first mentions of it date back to the 2nd millennium BC. Persia is considered the birthplace of the rose. Today, one of the oldest roses is considered to be a rose growing in Germany on the territory of the Hildesheim Cathedral of the Ascension of St. Mary. It is called the thousand-year-old rose, its height is 13 m, and its trunk diameter is 50 cm. This rose has its own legend: “One day in 885, King Louis went hunting and got lost in the forest. He took the cross off his chest and began to pray. After that he fell asleep. When he woke up, he saw that a rose bush had blossomed around the cross. Later, on that site, he ordered the construction of a chapel dedicated to Our Lady.” During the Second World War, the bush was severely burned, but in May 1945 it came to life again and blossomed.

Hildesheim Cathedral of the Assumption of St. Mary.

Thousand-year-old rose bush.

In the USA (Arizona) in the city of Tombstone in 1885, a rose was planted, which is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest rose. It occupies 740 m². The diameter of its trunks is 3.7 m.

The most beautiful and expensive varieties of roses in the world:

The most beautiful varieties of roses in the world video

Pierre de Ronsard

This rose was named after the French medieval poet and literary figure. This variety of roses is considered not only beautiful, but also expensive. Louis de Funes was a big fan of these roses.

Hybrid Tea Rose – Rosa Augusta Luise

This variety of roses is one of the best. The color of this rose depends on the weather. She may have pink color wine, champagne or peach. The aroma is reminiscent of a fruity raspberry scent.

English rose – Grace

This peach-colored flower is recognized as one of the beautiful varieties English selection. It is shaped like a dahlia with a peach scent.

Rose de Resht

The Portland variety of roses was known back in the 17th century. Rasht is the name of the Iranian city from where this variety came to Europe. This is one of the most the best varieties roses, which is characterized by a strong aroma with long flowering.

"Dijon"

This beautiful, rare variety of roses grows in the tropics and can bloom all year round.

Rainbow Rose:

This delightful rose was created by the man who owns the flower company - Peter Van de Werken. Peter cut the stem of the white rose into several sections so that each channel could carry colored water to the petals. There will be as many colors on the rose petals as there are colors.

Rare flower - twin rose:

Sometimes such roses are found in nature - there are two buds on one stem.

The smallest rose

In India, in the city of Indore, florist Sudhir Khetawat bred a rose whose inflorescence is only 1 cm in size. He devoted several years to an experiment on breeding a miniature rose at the Pyramid Research Center. This miracle of nature was created thanks to the effect on the rose electromagnetic field, which stops the growth of the plant. This rose belongs to the petite polie variety. The size of its flowers usually reaches up to 3-4 cm. Botanist Sudhir Khetawat called his rose “diamond”. She, as the smallest, was entered into the national book of records. Perhaps in the future it will be included in the Guinness Book of Records.

For many generations, bouquets of roses have been especially valued. They delight with their beauty and luxury.

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