When is the last day of Ramadan? Holy month of Ramadan for Muslims

Ramadan is the holy month of Muslims. According to the Koran, this is one of the five pillars of Islam on which faith in Allah is based. Ramadan is also called the ninth month lunar calendar, when all the faithful profess a holy fast (saul). Its dates are determined depending on the changing phases of the moon. The Islamic synodic calendar is shorter than the Gregorian calendar, so every year the beginning of Ramadan is pushed back by 10-11 days. In 2017, this month falls between May 26 and June 24. Ramadan (another name is Ramadan) is translated from Arabic as “hot”, “scorching heat”. The title contains the very essence of the post. The task of every devout Muslim this month is to prove the strength of his faith, to renounce unclean deeds and thoughts despite the sweltering heat. In Turkic languages, this fast is called uraza. And find out

History of Ramadan

Muslim tradition says that it was in the ninth lunar month that the Prophet Muhammad received the first message of the Koran from the angel Jibril. The event dates back to 610. At that time, the main herald of Islam indulged in prayer in the cave of Hira near Mecca, where the first sura of the Koran was revealed to him. Ramadan received special status in 622.

Respect for the ninth month of the lunar calendar is repeatedly mentioned in the Koran. Muslims call the fast "mubarak", that is, blessed. It is believed that the value of a good deed performed at this time increases several hundred times. For example, a minor pilgrimage (umrah) is equal in importance to the hajj (visit to Mecca), and voluntary prayer is rewarded in the same way as obligatory prayer.

Fasting in Ramadan

During the holy month, Muslims are required to follow strict restrictions on food, pleasure and entertainment. The purpose of fasting is to cleanse yourself physically and spiritually, to pacify base instincts and passions. An important component of Ramadan is intention (niyat). It is said daily, between night and morning prayers. The niyat goes something like this: “I intend to fast tomorrow (today) for the month of Ramadan for the sake of Allah.”

During the ninth month, Muslims abstain from eating and drinking, smoking (including hookah or other mixtures), sexual relations. Swallowing any liquid (such as water) while bathing, as well as skipping niyat, is considered a violation of fasting. At the same time, donating blood, bathing, kissing, and administering medications through injections are allowed.

As a rule, during Ramadan they eat twice a day. The morning meal is called suhur, the evening meal is iftar. It is advisable to complete Suhur at least half an hour before dawn, while Iftar should begin immediately after evening prayer. According to the Koran, the best food for breaking the fast at night is water and dates. Skipping Suhoor and Iftar does not break the fast, but keeping these meals is rewarded with additional rewards.

During Ramadan, it is customary to limit oneself in entertainment and pleasure. Muslims devote daytime to work, prayer and reading the Koran. The unshakable tradition of the holiday is performing good deeds. Muslims believe that hunger and restrictions during fasting make wealthy people sympathetic to the troubles of the poor. During Ramadan, it is customary to engage in charity, give voluntary and obligatory alms.

To the five obligatory namaz (prayers) one more is added. It is called tarawih, which translated means “rest” or “respite.” The prayer is performed voluntarily after the obligatory night prayer (isha) and continues until the first signs of dawn. Tarawih consists of 10 prayers of 2 rak'ahs each. After every four rak'ahs, worshipers rest while sitting, hence the name of the ritual.

Who is exempt from fasting?

The strict requirements of Ramadan do not apply to children, the elderly, the sick, pregnant and lactating women, and travelers. However, violation of fasting must be compensated by abstinence at a more convenient time for the person. The elderly and seriously ill, instead of strictly observing customs, are allowed to feed the poor or give them alms.

Completion of Ramadan

The last ten days of the holy month are especially important for Islam, because at this time a revelation from Allah was sent down to Muhammad. The exact date of the event is unknown, but most Muslim countries celebrate its anniversary on the night of the 26th to 27th day of Ramadan. The holiday is named Laylatul-Qadr, which means “night of predestination.” For a Muslim, this is a time of repentance, persistent prayer and reflection on his mistakes.

The fast ends on the first day of the month of Shawwal; its end is marked by Eid al-Fitr (also known as Eid al-Fitr), one of the main Islamic holidays. In 2017 it falls on June 25-26. On this day, Muslims perform a solemn prayer (Eid prayer) and certainly distribute alms in the form of dry food products or money. Followers of Islam greet each other with the words “Eid Mubarak!”, which means “Blessed Eid!” Source

There are only a few days left before the end of the holy fast of Ramadan and soon Muslims will begin to widely celebrate one of the most important holidays - Eid al-Adha.

WHEN IS EID AFRICA CELEBRATED?

The date of Eid al-Adha is not specified in any documents, since it depends on the lunar calendar and changes annually. In Muslim countries and regions of Russia, this day is officially recognized as a non-working day - a holiday. In 2017, Eid al-Fitr falls on Sunday, June 25th.

HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE HOLIDAY

The most important thing is the holiday prayer - namaz, for which you need to prepare: upon waking up, you need to perform ablution, put on clean holiday clothes, and have a light breakfast - usually drinking tea. After which the believers (men and children, women usually stay at home) go to the mosque, says the first deputy chairman-mufti of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Bashkiria Ayup-hazrat Bibarsov.

ON A NOTE

In all mosques the service begins at approximately same time- at 8-9 am local time. If you want to be closer to the imam during prayer, it is better to go to the temple in advance. Otherwise, there may not be enough places in the mosque, but this is not a problem - you can participate in prayer even outside the walls of the mosque. Usually, sound is broadcast through speakers installed on the roof of the temple.

HOW THE OFFICIAL PART OF EURAZA-BAYRAM TAKES PLACE

First, the imam reads a sermon, explains why one needs to fast, and talks about the blessings of heaven. Then visitors to the mosque pay donations (fitr-sadaqa) - those who did not make it earlier. The donation amount is set by representatives of the clergy, and it depends on the family’s wealth; usually these are small amounts: from 50 rubles are contributed by low-income people and pensioners, from 150 rubles by people of average income, from 250 rubles by people who consider themselves rich.

Then the holiday prayer itself begins, after which the imam reads a short sermon on Arabic and excerpts from the Koran. Then everyone collectively prays out loud - asking for peace in the whole world, peace for the departed. For example, this time the heroes who died in the Great Patriotic War will be remembered in mosques. Patriotic War. After the general prayer, everyone is treated to tea and pilaf. All this lasts 1-1.5 hours.

HOLIDAY TRADITIONS

After visiting the mosque, believers go to the cemetery to honor the memory of loved ones and clean up the graves.

Well, after the obligatory rituals, everyone goes home or to visit, sits down to festive table with family and friends. It is customary to do good deeds and enjoy life. But swearing and quarreling is strictly prohibited.

WHEN DOES EUR'S DAY END IN 2017?

In Russia in 2017, the holiday is celebrated for two days - June 25 and 26, and in Muslim countries - for three days.

The month of Ramadan begins in 2017 May 27, if it is the Will of the Almighty, and the end is on June 24. Eid al Adha(`Eid al-Fitr) falls on June 25, if it is the Will of Allah, the Beneficent and the Merciful.
Date information Holy month of Ramadan taken from public announcements of the Muslim Spiritual Board of the Republic of Tatarstan.

“This is a month of patience, and its reward is Jannah,” said the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) about Ramadan. Indeed, an infinite number of opportunities and blessings for gaining the pleasure of Allah are opened to the believer in this blessed month.

The Messenger of Allah, His Mercy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said that this month the attention of Allah Ta'ala is drawn to man: “He sends down special mercy, forgives sins, accepts dua. Allah Ta'ala looks at your zeal in good deeds and is proud before the angels. So show Allah Ta'ala your good deeds. Verily, unfortunate is he who, even in this month, has lost the mercy of Allah Ta’ala.”

The month of fasting is eagerly awaited by all those who have a desire in their hearts to repent and move closer to the pleasure of the Almighty. Ramadan is the month of forgiveness and mercy, mutual help and support, abundance and prosperity, and worship performed in this month is given greater reward than worship performed in any other month of the year.

With the onset of Ramadan, Muslims begin to read a special prayer after sunset - “ Taraweeh”, which is read during the entire fast, as a rule, after the last of the daily fivefold prayers. During Ramadan, this type of worship is also performed: itikaf“(from the Arabic “solitude”), when believers retire to mosques and places that replace them for prayers, prayers, reading the Koran and other religious books.

Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the 5 pillars of Islam, which means the obligation to observe it for every absolutely healthy adult Muslim who does not suffer from mental illness and is in a place of permanent residence.

During Ramadan, the payment of fitr sadaq and zakat is determined. Every free Muslim who has the established minimum property, in addition to what he needs for his obligatory needs, for example, maintaining his family, is obliged to distribute fitr sadaqa. The father, the head of the family, also distributes fitr sadaqa for his children if they do not have their own property. As a rule, the fitr-sadaka is set by the mufti of the region, within 100-200 rubles. per person.

The main feature of the month of Ramadan, indicating its importance, is that in this month the revelation of the Koran by the Archangel Gabriel to the Prophet Muhammad began. Muslims remember this event primarily in Night of power and destiny (Laylat al-Qadr) is the most important night of the year for every follower of Islam.

Those who are unable to fast during Ramadan fast in other months, and those who are unable to fast at all pay fidyah. Fidya is atonement for every missed day of fasting. Fidya can be paid in money.

Very little separates us from the blessed month of Ramadan (9th month of the Islamic calendar). There is probably no other time that Muslims look forward to as much as the venerable Ramadan. This is a month full of endless mercies and blessings of Allah, a period of spiritual purification and enrichment, a time of new opportunities. Ramadan is the beginning of the countdown. “This is a month of patience, and its reward is Jannah,” said the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) about Ramadan. Indeed, an infinite number of opportunities and blessings for gaining the pleasure of Allah are opened to the believer in this blessed month. The Messenger of Allah, His Mercy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said that this month the attention of Allah Ta'ala is drawn to man: “He sends down special mercy, forgives sins, accepts dua. Allah Ta'ala looks at your zeal in good deeds and is proud before the angels. So show Allah Ta'ala your good deeds. Verily, unfortunate is he who, even in this month, has lost the mercy of Allah Ta’ala.”

One of the months of the Islamic calendar is called Ramadan, which is translated from Arabic as “hot”. This is true, because it is at this time that the sun is at its zenith. But not only the location daylight predetermined the name of Ramadan - in this month all Muslims adhere to strict fasting, which bears the same name as the ninth calendar month.

When does Ramadan start in 2017?

Due to differences in calendars, the start of the sacred period changes annually. In 2017 Ramadan falls between May 27 and June 25. Fasting begins at first dawn and ends after the appearance of the first evening star.

First of all, Ramadan 2017 (or Ramadan) is a fast in the holy 9th month, which is considered obligatory for all Muslims and is special character. It refers to the five sacred pillars of the Islamic faith:

Shahada is a declaration of faith. A Muslim's promise to recognize only his faith and honor the laws of his people.
Namaz – five daily obligatory prayers.
Eid is the name of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
Zakat is obligatory alms that should be given to those in need.
Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca.

During one of the most difficult months of the year (Ramadan is the hottest month), Muslims adhere to a very strict fast, which, as they say, helps to pacify worldly desires, become more spiritual and closer to God - Allah.

How to properly observe Muslim fasting

Food

Throughout the month, Muslims eat twice a day: morning and evening. The morning meal is called suhur. It must be finished before dawn. Suhoor consists of fruits or dairy products. After eating there is a mandatory morning prayer– fajra. The second meal is taken after the evening Maghrib prayer. It is believed that during this period it is best to eat dates.

Physical restrictions

During fasting, it is prohibited to have sexual intercourse, eat or drink outside the designated time, smoke, including hookah, drink alcohol and take narcotic substances, induce vomiting.

Moral prohibitions

Ramadan involves cleansing the soul and body. Therefore, a number of prohibitions also affected the moral side of the life of every Muslim. During Ramadan, it is forbidden to lie, slander, swear, harbor grudges, or use foul language. You cannot skip prayer time and not give alms.

Who is exempt from Ramadan fasting?

The only people who do not fast are those who, for physical reasons, cannot bear it: pregnant and lactating women, small children, old people suffering from serious illnesses, mentally ill people and travelers. If Ramadan was not observed on time, it should be held in another month when health conditions allow it.

(Turkish Ramadan) is one of the most revered among Muslims and requires strict adherence to fasting. Ramadan begins in the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar.

Fasting (Arabic saum, Persian ruza, Turkic eid) in the lunar month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam - so important that Muslims believe that those who did not manage to make up for the missed days of fasting before their death must be compensated by their guardian (or descendants), because behind them is an unrequited debt to Allah. Fasting allows every Muslim to strengthen his faith and self-discipline, strictly following the orders of Allah.

From dawn to sunset, the fasting person abstains from all types of breaking the fast (eating, drinking, smoking, sexual intercourse, etc.) and strives to preserve his tongue from foul language, and his soul from unclean thoughts.

At sunset, Muslims break their fast. The evening ritual of breaking the fast is called iftar; The evening breaking of the fast is a blessed time, so they try to invite relatives, close friends and neighbors to it, and it is believed that a Muslim who organizes a treat can count on forgiveness of sins and a place in heaven. Often a mullah is invited to iftar.

In many countries, iftar is served in mosques and is prepared by the believers themselves so that they can enjoy the treats together.

Only pregnant and lactating women, seriously ill people, children, people who are engaged in hard work or are on the road at this time, and soldiers who participate in hostilities are allowed not to fast during Ramadan. However, these reasons do not completely exempt them from fasting; it will need to be observed at another time.

Muslims all over the world prepare for Ramadan long before its onset: women stock up on food and groceries, men are busy buying gifts to celebrate the holiday.

During Ramadan, Muslims spend most of their time reading the Quran and remembering Allah (dhikr). In addition to the daily five prayers, every night of fasting an additional prayer-namaz (taraweeh) is performed after the fifth prayer.

Muslims believe that Allah can forgive a person's sins if he spends time reading prayers and doing godly deeds, such as helping those in need and donating funds to charity. According to legend, Allah also frees a certain number of souls of the dead from hell.

During Ramadan, Muslims are required to generously give sadaqa (voluntary charity) and zakat (obligatory charity). Sadaqah does not necessarily mean giving money. This can be a good deed - for example, helping a neighbor - an act that a believer does in the name of Allah, thus not expecting reward from the person he helped.

It is the duty of every Muslim to make a small contribution, called zakat-ul-fitr, before the end of Ramadan. The money collected goes to the poorest and most needy so that they, along with everyone else, can take part in the celebrations of breaking the fast of Eid al-Fitr. Most Muslims give zakat generously during Ramadan because they believe that the reward for it increases during this month.

The first ten days of the month personify the acceptance of the mercy of the Almighty, the second - cleansing from sin, and the third marks salvation from Gehenna.

Particularly important in the month of Ramadan is the night of the 27th of Ramadan (in 2017 from June 21 to 22) - “Laylat al-qadr” (“night of power” or “night of predestination”), when Allah decides the fate of people.

The last ten days of Ramadan are the holiest, so Muslims are even more diligent in their acts of worship. These days, many men perform itikaf (spiritual retreat), spending this time in the mosque.

The end of the month of Ramadan and fasting is marked by the second most important Muslim holiday - Eid al-Fitr (translated from Arabic as the holiday of breaking the fast; in Turkic - Eid al-Fitr), which begins at sunset on the last day of Ramadan and continues on the 1st and 2nd the 1st day of the next month of Shawwal.

It begins with reading a prayer-namaz under the guidance of an imam. After completing the prayer, the imam asks Allah to accept the fast, forgive sins and give prosperity. Next, they begin a festive meal and distribute alms to the poor, and also visit the graves of their ancestors.

During Ramadan in Muslim countries, business activity noticeably decreases, working hours decrease, and religious sentiments intensify; everyday life shifts to evening and night time.

The material was prepared based on information from open sources