Which countries and which continents are in the Northern Hemisphere, and which are in the Southern Hemisphere? "inverted" earth or mirror image.
Ever wondered why the sun moves from left to right in the sky?
We are in the Northern Hemisphere, and it, like the hemisphere of the Earth, rotates counterclockwise towards us, while the Southern Hemisphere is mirrored - that is, clockwise...
For those who don't quite understand yet, here are some drawings:
Long exposure photo of the starry sky.
Panoramic animated shooting.
The polar star is located exactly above the Earth's rotation axis, so all other stars revolve around it, describing circles different diameters, corresponding to their angular distance from the North Star.
I found practically no materials that in the Southern Hemisphere the movement will be the opposite - clockwise.
The Southern Hemisphere is the part of the Earth located south of the equator.
Summer in the southern hemisphere lasts from December to February, and winter from June to August. Cyclones in the southern hemisphere, unlike the northern hemisphere, rotate clockwise, and anticyclones rotate counterclockwise.
For example, a cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere:
At astronomical noon, the Sun in the southern hemisphere is exactly north, while in the northern hemisphere it is exactly south. The apparent path of the Sun across the sky during the day passes from right to left(if you face his position at noon), and not from left to right, as in the northern. Residents of the southern hemisphere see the Moon “upside down.” Accordingly, it increases on the left and decreases on the right, whereas in the northern hemisphere the opposite is true.
The “inverted” part of the Earth rotates clockwise - imagine we are standing on this shell and looking at the sun, which is still towards the equator. For us, the sun will move across the sky from right to left.
Ever thought about this?
When writing the article, Wikipedia materials and image searches were used.
There are four continents on Earth: Antarctica, America, Afro-Eurasia and Australia. The number of officially recognized continents is six: Africa, Eurasia, South and North America, Antarctica and Australia. There is an opinion that there are not 6, but 7 continents: in the territory inhabited by penguins, around the South Pole with huge blocks of ice there is no life, but many scientists still consider it another continent.
We all went to school, studied geography and know that the equator - the central parallel of the Earth - conditionally divides our Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, each with its own characteristics. Which continents are in the Northern Hemisphere and which ones are in the Southern Hemisphere? After all, it so happens that not all continents belong strictly to one of the two hemispheres: the equator “divides into parts” Africa and Eurasia, as well as South America.
The remaining three continents belong entirely to one or the second of the hemispheres. Therefore, if you are casually asked in which hemisphere the continent of North America is located, then the correct answer will be in the North, while Antarctica and Australia are located in the South.
Comparison
What are the differences between the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere?
What continents are in the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth?
It turns out that the Northern Hemisphere is more civilized, inhabited by almost all the people on the planet and includes almost all the landmass on Earth.
Eurasia
It is divided by the equator, and its European part belongs to the Northern Hemisphere. As for Asia, all countries except almost all of Indonesia and East Timor belong to this hemisphere.
Reaches more than 54 million square meters, and this is the only continent that is washed by oceans on all sides. Eurasia owes its diversity of relief to its location on 6 tectonic platforms. Here are the most high mountains and most deep lake- Baikal. A third of the population of planet Earth lives in 108 countries of this continent.
North America
This continent is 100% located in the Northern Hemisphere. In total, it includes 23 states.
North America is washed by oceans on all sides, its central part is represented by a plain. The indigenous inhabitants of the mainland are Indians and Eskimos.
South America
It would be interesting to know not only which continents are in the Northern Hemisphere and which are in the Southern Hemisphere, but also which countries are included in them. SA countries such as Venezuela and Guyana, French Guiana and Suriname are located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. As for the partial location, it characterizes countries such as Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador. Po occupies more than 17 million square meters and is washed by the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the area is represented by plateaus and plains. The indigenous people are the Indians.
Africa
Part of which continent is located in the Northern Hemisphere (two-thirds of its territory), and part - in the Southern Hemisphere? This is Africa. The following countries are located entirely there: Algeria and Benin, Gambia and Burkina Faso. Also included are Ghana and Djibouti, Guinea-Bissau and Egypt. Countries such as Western Sahara, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, as well as Liberia, Mauritania and Morocco are also classified as “above the equator”. This also includes Niger, Senegal, Tunisia, Ethiopia and many other countries - they can be seen on Partially in the Northern Hemisphere are Gabon and Uganda, Kenya and Congo, as well as Somalia.
African territory covers more than 30 million square meters and is represented mainly by plains and mountains. It flows here longest river— Nile, the continent is divided into five regions and includes 62 countries.
Oceania
The Marshallese states of Palau, Micronesia, and partially the country of Kiribati are located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.
Constellation map
southern hemisphere
Constellations are arbitrarily taken star groups, as they are visible from the earth and completely independent of the actual distances and possible mutual connections of the stars. The division of stars into constellations dates back to ancient times. Most of the constellations handed down to us by the Arabs from the Greeks undoubtedly originated in the primitive pre-Semitic cultures of Mesopotamia. The main place among them is occupied by the zodiac constellations. The themes for the zodiacal constellations were the hoary legends of primitive humanity, ideas about its destinies, and, less often, the personification of astronomical and meteorological phenomena. The most ancient names of constellations were abbreviations for myths.
Astronomer Jan Hevelius
Ptolemy in his work "Almagest" canonized the following 48 ancient constellations, which still bear the name Ptolemy. Zodiac constellations: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces. Northern constellations: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, Andromeda, Perseus, Bootes, Northern Crown, Hercules, Lyra, Swan, Charioteer, Ophiuchus, Serpent, Arrow, Eagle, Dolphin, Foal, Pegasus, Triangle. Southern constellations: Whale, Orion, River, Hare, Canis major, minor, Ship, Hydra, Chalice, Raven, Centaurus, Wolf, Altar, Southern Crown, Southern Fish. Ptolemy did not consider Coma Berenices a separate constellation.
Arab astrologers, in addition to lunar houses, gave various names for individual bright stars. Having become acquainted with the astronomy of the Greeks and translated Ptolemy's Almagest, they changed some of the names according to the position of the stars in the drawings of the Ptolemaic constellations. In the 12th century, a Latin translation of the Almagest was made from Arabic, and in the 16th century, directly from Greek, based on found manuscripts. The stars of the southern hemisphere, unknown to Greek astronomers, were divided into constellations much later. Some of them were planned by the Arabs.
There is no doubt that the navigators of the 15th and 16th centuries (Vespucci, Corsali, Pigafetta, Peter of Medinsky, Gutman) during their travels to southern seas New constellations were gradually assembled. They were put in order by Peter Dirk Keyser. During his stay on the island of Java (1595), he determined the locations of 120 southern stars and placed constellation figures on them. The following 13 constellations were included, based on Keyser's inventory, in the atlases of Bayer (1603) and Bartsch (1624): Phoenix, Goldfish, Chameleon, Flying Fish, Southern Cross, Water Snake, Fly, Paradise Bird, Southern Triangle, Peacock, Indian, Crane, Toucan. Of these, the Southern Cross was known to Ptolemy and formed part of the Centaurus.
The current names of constellations and stars represent an amalgam of these lists and translations. Ancient drawings of constellations are completely lost. Only distorted figures on Arab globes of the 13th century have reached us; for example, on a globe in the Borghese Museum in Veletri (1225), in the mathematical society in Dresden (1279), in the London astronomical society, etc. At the beginning of the 16th century, the famous Renaissance artist Albrecht Dürer drew constellations according to their description by Ptolemy.
Unfortunately, not a single authentic copy of Dürer's drawings has survived. Dürer's drawings, modified by other artists, were reprinted in the star atlases of Bayer (1603), Flamsteed (1729). Then the figures of the constellations of the latest layout appeared. Currently, constellation drawings are no longer printed. The credit for banishing the “menagerie” from astronomical atlases belongs to Harding. He published a celestial atlas in 1823, where only the boundaries of the constellations were plotted.
The southern hemisphere has always had a smaller population compared to the northern. It is believed that in the 21st century only about 11% of general population peace.
Despite this, you will find some of the most crowded cities on our planet. Some of them are so big that it is sometimes difficult to imagine.
An interesting fact is that five of the ten largest cities in the southern hemisphere are in, two are in, two are also in, and most surprisingly, only one is in, which is actually the continent with the largest population.
1. Sao Paulo / Brazil. Sao Paulo is now the largest city south of the equator. It is often called New York in South America. The metropolis is home to 17,900,000 inhabitants. The city is extremely dynamic, and its streets never calm down.
The busiest arteries of São Paulo are full of cars and pedestrians even at small hours of the night.
5. Kinshasa / Democratic Republic of the Congo. More than 9 million people now live in the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kinshasa.
The city has its own beauty and characteristics, but on the other hand it is an example of what happens when the population grows faster than the ability to build the necessary infrastructure.
Today, large parts of Kinshasa have little developed infrastructure and poor living conditions.
8. Sydney, Australia. The population is 4.5 million inhabitants. It is not only the largest Australian city, but also the largest in the whole of Australia.
10. Johannesburg /. With a population of 3.9 million, Johannesburg is the last of the ten largest metropolitan areas in the southern hemisphere. Named local residents“The City of Eternal Spring”, Johannesburg is dynamic, exciting and beautiful, but also the most dangerous city.
Similar to most major cities in the world, crime is high here and many places are advisable to avoid.
In Antarctica. The word "hemisphere" means half a sphere, and since our planet is a sphere oblate at the poles (an ellipsoid), it is divided into two hemispheres.
Geography and climate of the Southern Hemisphere
Map of continents located in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth
Due to the large amount of water in the Southern Hemisphere, the climate here is milder than in the Northern Hemisphere. In general, water warms and cools more slowly than land, so water near any landmass tends to have a moderating effect on the climate.
The Southern Hemisphere, like the Northern Hemisphere, is also divided into several different regions based on climate. The most widespread is the South Temperate Zone, which runs from the Tropic of Capricorn to the beginning of the Arctic Circle at 66.5° south latitude. The area has a temperate climate characterized by big amount precipitation, cold winters and warm summers. Some countries located in southern zone temperate climates include most of Chile, Uruguay, South Africa, all of New Zealand and southern regions of Australia.
The area immediately north of south temperate zone, located between the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn known as the tropics, has high temperatures And a large number of precipitation throughout the year.
South of the Arctic Circle is the Antarctic continent. Antarctica, unlike the rest of the Southern Hemisphere, is not heated by the large presence of water because it is such a large landmass. In addition, it is much colder here than in the Arctic in the Northern Hemisphere for the same reason.
Summer in the Southern Hemisphere lasts from December 21 or 22 until the autumn equinox on March 20. Winter lasts from June 20 or 21 until the vernal equinox on September 22 or 23. These dates are determined by the tilt of the Earth's axis, which in the period from December 21 (22) to March 20, in the Southern Hemisphere, is inclined towards the Sun, while during the period from 20 ( June 21 to September 22 (23), it is tilted away from the Sun.
Coriolis effect in the Southern Hemisphere
An important component of physics in the Southern Hemisphere is the Coriolis force and the specific direction in which objects are deflected in the southern half of the Earth. In the Southern Hemisphere, any object moving above or on the surface of the Earth is deflected to the left.
Because of this, any large air or water masses south of the equator spin counterclockwise. For example, large ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere turn counterclockwise. In the northern hemisphere, these directions change in the opposite side, since all objects deviate to the right.
In addition, leftward deflection of objects affects air flow. For example, high atmospheric pressure(anticyclones) in the Southern Hemisphere move counterclockwise due to the Coriolis Effect. On the other hand, low pressure systems (cyclones) move clockwise.
Population of the Southern Hemisphere
Map of the distribution of the Earth's population
Since the Southern Hemisphere has a smaller land area than Northern hemisphere, the population here is much smaller (about 800 million people). The majority of the Earth's population (about 90%) and its largest cities are in the Northern Hemisphere, although there are big cities and in the South, such as Lima (Peru), Cape Town (South Africa), Santiago (Chile) and Auckland ( New Zealand).
Antarctica is the largest landmass in the Southern Hemisphere, and the largest on the planet. Despite her large area, the continent is practically undeveloped by people due to the extremely harsh climate. All people in Antarctica are workers at research stations, most of whom work only in summer time of the year.
Despite its small population, the Southern Hemisphere is incredibly biologically diverse, as most tropical forests are located in this half of the Earth. For example, the Amazon rainforest is located almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere, as are other biodiverse places such as Madagascar and New Zealand. Antarctica also has a significant diversity of species adapted to its harsh climate, such as emperor penguins, seals, whales, and different kinds plants and algae.
