What plants stimulate the growth of grapes. What can you plant next to grapes? Useful plants for grapes
Lenz Moser's experience: what to plant with grapes
Significant research on the compatibility of plants with grapes was carried out by the famous Austrian winegrower Lenz Moser, who tested more than 170 cultivated and wild plants and outlined his findings in the book “Viticulture in a New Way.” The vine growing in his clean soil did not always feel better than with its neighbors. wintered and developed better when its row-spacings were tinned with certain plants, or they grew nearby. Different weeds also affected the grapes differently. On the control row spacing, Moser constantly kept the soil clean, on the rest from March to July, but from August the weeds grew freely there, late autumn they were plowed under. The result was visible from afar - the bushes that grew on soil without weeds were almost twice as slow in growth. Moser advised winegrowers who cannot sow green fertilizer from the list of useful ones to leave naturally growing weeds in the vineyard, if they are not malicious. If among them there are more sow thistle, wheatgrass or, it is better to use sowing cultivated plants. Even single weeds of this type, growing close to the grape trunk, had an adverse effect, and no less strongly than their entire groups.
Modern observations: what depresses grapes
Many winegrowers agree with Moser’s observations that young seedlings and even adult grapes are inhibited when adjacent within a radius of up to 3 m. There is also no disagreement that they negatively affect young seedlings (you can notice a clear delay in development), but there is no noticeable negative effect for mature grapes. Proximity closer than 3 meters to perennial colored peas and clary sage is clearly harmful for grapes.
Modern observations: what helps grapes
Good influence on grapevine, and - seedlings next to them get sick less. Where sorrel grows, both adult grapes and young seedlings give stronger growth even with insufficient watering. Let's add to the compatible (neutral) bulbous ones - , . , and contribute to the intensive growth and development of grapes, as they contain a biologically active substance - saponin.
Grapes and roses
It is known that in Europe, for a long time, a rose bush was planted at the beginning of a grape row (or in front of a trellis). It seemed that the roots of such a beautiful neighborhood lie in tradition medieval Europe. The horses grazed where they wanted, but when they pricked themselves on a thorny bush, they turned back and did not trample the vineyards. Yes, and that's why too. But also in memory of a later sad event, when phylloxera, brought to Europe from the New World in the 19th century, destroyed almost all the vineyards of France and neighboring countries. Roses and grapes in the garden are ideal neighbors. Both their agricultural technology and shelter (for covering varieties) are the same. A rose bush at the beginning of a row indicates whether the vine is healthy. Their pests and diseases are the same, and the rose gets sick first, as an indicator warning of the danger threatening the grapes, and the winegrower can have time to carry out preventive treatments. There are far fewer diseases and pests in the grape-growing north than in the south, but they still exist.
Grape plantings have a developed root system and occupy a large area. Many gardeners grow other plants between the rows of grapes to save space. But not everyone knows which crops can be planted and which ones cannot.
Neighborhood with other plants can both harm the planting of grapes and increase the yield of the variety and improve the quality of the berries. In addition to the space they occupy, they need nutrients. Therefore, fertilizers will have to be applied more often.
Upon landing different cultures on one row, it is necessary to take into account the soil structure, watering regime and age of the bushes and plant compatibility. The ripening of vines is well influenced by cereals and herbaceous plants. Rye, wheat, and oats will be beneficial for grapes. You can plant quinoa and woodlice, they won’t hurt.
If you plant grapes with berries, they will acquire a specific taste. In the best way the proximity to strawberries will be reflected. Then the bunches will be well candied and become larger.
Onions and garlic are excellent neighbors for any vineyard. They will be able to protect the bushes from pests. But some varieties of onions can be harmful to young bushes.
Varieties of radishes, beets and cucumbers grow well between the rows of grapes. Dill and spinach are also grape friendly. Seeding leguminous plants enriches the soil with nitrogen. Some flowers will be useful for grapes. Plantings of currants and raspberries will take root between the rows of grapes. Caring for currants can be combined with pruning grapes in the fall.
Grape antagonists
Summer residents with experience know which plant neighbors conflict with each other and which do not. It is very difficult to detect something wrong; all processes occur unnoticed by the winegrower. Only at the end of the season will it be possible to understand that something is wrong. A real war can break out between root systems to obtain nutrients. By releasing toxins, neighbors can destroy each other and make the soil unsuitable for the development of young shoots.
Among the vegetables that can harm grapes are the following:
- Potato
- Eggplant
- Leek (Pearl Onion)
- Corn
- Pepper (red and capsicum)
- Tomatoes
- Chives
Sorrel and parsley bad neighbors, they can harm the grapes. Some wildflowers can also conflict with grapes. It is imperative to get rid of dandelions, nettles, cornflowers, plantain and wormwood. It is better not to plant some varieties of flowers near the vineyard: carnations, clematis and calendula. Sunflowers should also not be located near grapes. If compatibility with other plants is not taken into account, the plantings may die.
Onions next to grapes
Gardeners often grow onions between rows. The main thing is to fertilize the soil and avoid over-watering the planting. It is necessary to loosen the soil every 10 days. It will be possible to harvest in the fall. Harvesting is done when the leaves and neck of the plants have dried. The onions will need to be left for 4-5 days to ripen.
By repeatedly thinning the planting, you can grow onions for greens. Then it can be collected in the summer. Pearl onions and chives should not be planted near the vineyard.
How to plant cucumbers between trellises
Good neighbors for grapes are cucumbers. One of the best varieties for joint cultivation is the “Relay” variety. It is intended for greenhouses, but can also produce crops in open areas.
First you need to germinate the seeds of this variety. To do this, they are soaked in a piece of gauze and waited for several days. Make paper cones 5 cm in diameter and 10 cm long. They need to be filled with soil and the sprouted seeds planted there.
The glasses are left in a sunny, warm place. In a few days they will sprout. Plants should be planted in glasses in April. At the end of May they need to be taken out to a shaded place on fresh air so that they can adapt better. In June you can plant plants on permanent place. You can fertilize the soil with manure or compost. Plantings between rows are located every 25-30 cm.
Watering should be regular. Half a bucket for one planting. If you care for it correctly, the plant will begin to curl around the trellises, reaching a height of 2-3 meters. From 10 such plants it will be possible to harvest 1 kg per day. The season can last until the end of August.
Growing strawberries in rows
The soil between the grape bushes has high humidity. Trellis cast a shadow and cover the ground from an elevated level solar radiation. These factors are ideal for growing strawberries.
Since the roots of grapes and strawberries are located at different depths, competition between root systems is minimal. Both plants respond positively to organic fertilizers.
Strawberry plantings can only be planted between bushes young grapes. The distance to planting should be more than 50 cm. You need to dig a longitudinal hole in the shape of an inverted trapezoid. This will retain moisture in the soil. If the humidity is too high, the bed should be raised above ground level. Installation won't hurt drainage system and drip irrigation.
By the third year, you will need to replace the old bed with new plants and re-fertilize. The area of the bed will decrease over time as the grapes grow. The distance to the trellis will increase and be at least 1 meter.
The strawberry patch is the best place for test irrigation. The roots of grapes are deeper than the roots of strawberries. It is important to distribute the water evenly when watering. Strawberries are an excellent neighbor for grapes.
Roses
One of the most terrible diseases that can affect large plots is mildew. Because this fungus is carried by wind, it can quickly infect and destroy large areas of vineyards. Roses are also susceptible to this disease, but it is less persistent. The rose bush becomes infected one day faster.
In the old days, roses were planted near the grapes, since freely grazing horses could accidentally wander into the plot. However, over time, this tradition lost its relevance and roses were no longer planted as a fence. In the middle of the 19th century, an epidemic of another disease called phylloxera swept through the vineyards. Only the Occitanie vineyard in France survived.
Roses different varieties can become an indicator of not only diseases. They react to high content heavy metals in the soil. Although there are fewer diseases in the north than in the south, preventive treatments should still be carried out. In such cases, the rose bush is an ideal neighbor for the grapes.
Agricultural technology for roses and grapes is the same. Covering is also convenient. It is important to choose durable material to protect the grapes for the winter. If you choose one that is too thin, it will break on the rose thorns.
Flowers should be planted at the end of May, when the soil is warm. Seedlings need to be watered every two weeks. Proper pruning will turn your bushes into real works of art.
Weeds
Among the weeds there are both helpful neighbors, and pests. If grape varieties grow on bare soil, the plantings will be severely delayed in development. This is due to the fact that weeds act as green fertilizers. Without them, the soil becomes dry and hardened. After 9-10 years, the plantings may die.
Young bushes do not need to be sown with herbs. Weeds will take away nutrients from them and will not allow them to develop normally. In the third year, you can sow the soil with low-growing grasses. Wild weeds can also be left. But if bluebells or wheatgrass flowers grow in excess, then you need to get rid of them.
Weeds also need to be removed when high density bushes and low formations. If this is not done, the grapes will die from the fungus when the weeds grow to the level of the bunches. You should not cultivate the soil too close to the trunk, as this can lead to damage to the bush.
The most optimal solution is sowing different crops of grass between the rows. This will prevent harmful weeds from growing and increase soil fertility. But you can plant herbs only if there is a sufficient feeding area for the bushes.
Green manure
Grapes need to grow special structure soil. The soil is permeated by plants and their roots. When they die, they will leave cavities in the soil. Can fill them root system grapes The above-ground part and dead roots will turn into excellent fertilizer for the vineyard.
Crops that grow quickly and produce a lot of green mass are used as green fertilizers. Cereals and legumes are most suitable. They can be planted in late summer.
Earthworms are the best indicator of soil quality. If you sow a fast-growing variety of grass on green fertilizer and then roll it, an excellent cover will form. In such soil it will appear a large number of worms, and the percentage of humus will increase.
Grasses must be constantly mowed. The tall grass takes away from the grapes nutritional elements, which he needs in the spring. After a few years, a humus layer will form from rotted grass clippings. It allows the soil to better absorb and distribute moisture.
All plants influence each other in one way or another. And this influence can be positive and negative. This phenomenon is studied by the science of allelopathy. A huge contribution to the field of knowledge about the mutual influence of plants was made by Austrian winegrower Lenz Moser (1887-1978).
He is one of the first professional winegrowers to prove the benefits high standards in the formation of grapes, and also conducted a series of experiments on the influence of 174 species weeds and cultivated plants on the growth and fruiting of grapes.
The result of his many years of observations and work was the book "Viticulture in a new way", in which he talks in great detail about caring for grapes and correct selection neighbors for him.
We recommend reading this book, especially since it is in free access in Russian. And in this article we will focus on which plants inhibit the growth of grapes, and which, on the contrary, stimulate vigorous development.
Plants-stimulants and aggressors for grapes according to Lenz Moser
Moser noticed that if there is a grape growing under chickweed, soybean and smoker, then it develops well, the shoots are long and strong, and winter well.
But if they are nearby yarrow, horseradish, wormwood, tansy– the grape bush weakens and loses frost resistance.
Under the same conditions and care, the same picture is observed when growing crops even a few meters from the trunk in the row spacing. Where did you grow up? soybeans, the shoots were strong and overwintered well.
Neighborhood with potatoes did not lead to anything good: the grape shoots grew only half a meter, and in winter a quarter of the bushes froze completely!
For the purity of the experiment Moser left several bushes without grass, in clean soil. The result was surprising: the control bushes turned out to be far from the strongest and most developed.
Some plant neighbors are capable of significantly enhance grape growth.
Contrary to assumption, some weeds with a powerful root system do not inhibit grapes at all, but on the contrary, stimulate their vigorous growth. The impact of neighbors, other things being equal, on grapes can exceed 30%.
The proximity of some plants is favorable. For example, basil can help grapes develop more actively, and roses can help resist pests.
Lenz Moser's experience: what to plant with grapes
Significant research on the compatibility of plants with grapes was carried out by the famous Austrian winegrower Lenz Moser, who tested more than 170 cultivated and wild plants and outlined his findings in the book “Viticulture in a New Way.” The vine growing in his clean soil did not always feel better than with its neighbors. The grapes overwintered and developed better when its row spacing was tinned with certain plants, or they grew nearby. Different weeds also affected the grapes differently. In the control rows, Moser constantly kept the soil clean; in the rest, he destroyed weeds from March to July, but from August the weeds grew freely there; they were plowed under in late autumn. The result was visible from afar - the bushes that grew on soil without weeds were almost twice as slow in growth. Moser advised winegrowers who cannot sow green manure from the list of beneficial grains to leave naturally growing weeds in the vineyard, unless they are malicious. If among them there are more thistles, wheatgrass or bells, it is better to use sowing of cultivated plants. Even single weeds of this type, growing close to the grape trunk, had an adverse effect, and no less strongly than their entire groups.
Modern observations: what depresses grapes
Many winegrowers agree with Moser’s observations that calendula (marigold) inhibits young seedlings and even adult grapes when adjacent within a radius of up to 3 m. There is no disagreement that yarrow and parsley negatively affect young seedlings (one can notice a clear developmental delay), but there is no noticeable negative effect on adult grapes. Proximity closer than 3 meters to perennial colored peas and clary sage is clearly harmful for grapes.
Modern observations: what helps grapes
Dill, sorrel, celandine and strawberries have a good effect on the vine - seedlings next to them are less sick. Where sorrel grows, both adult grapes and young seedlings produce stronger growth even with insufficient watering. Let's add to the compatible (neutral) bulbs - hyacinths, daffodils, tulips. Basil, borage and spinach promote intensive growth and development of grapes, as they contain a biologically active substance - saponin.
Grapes and roses
It is known that in Europe, for a long time, a rose bush was planted at the beginning of a grape row (or in front of a trellis). It seemed that the roots of such a beautiful neighborhood lay in the tradition of medieval Europe. The horses grazed where they wanted, but when they pricked themselves on a thorny rose bush, they turned back and did not trample the vineyards. Yes, and that's why too. But also in memory of a later sad event, when the grape pest phylloxera, brought to Europe from the New World in the 19th century, destroyed almost all the vineyards of France and neighboring countries. Roses and grapes in the garden are ideal neighbors. Both their agricultural technology and shelter (for covering varieties) are the same. A rose bush at the beginning of a row indicates whether the vine is healthy. Their pests and diseases are the same, and the rose gets sick first, as an indicator warning of the danger threatening the grapes, and the winegrower can have time to carry out preventive treatments. There are far fewer diseases and pests in the grape-growing north than in the south, but they still exist.
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T What did he call one of the sections of his book? "Viticulture in a new way" famous Austrian winegrower Lenz Moser. He noticed that the growth and yield of grape bushes largely depended on the plants adjacent to them. L. Moser conducted numerous experiments to study the compatibility of grapes with other plants. It has been found that some are beneficial to grapes, stimulating their growth, while others have an adverse effect on them.
Plants useful for grapes: sorrel, peas, onions, garden radishes, cauliflower, radishes, spinach, red beets, purslane, spring vetch, melon, hare cabbage, aster, strawberries, carrots, annual phlox, cucumber, fava beans, forget-me-nots, rye , dill, bush beans, watercress, poppy seeds, etc.
Plants neutral for grapes: garlic, kohlrabi, oats, mustard, pumpkin, spring rape, Savoy and Brussels sprouts.
Plants slightly harmful to grapes: eggplant, phacelia, shepherd's purse, black elderberry, parsley, physalis, potato (late), barley, pepper, coltsfoot, celery, caraway seeds, chickweed, sage.
Plants - antagonists of grapes: dandelion, sunflower, wormwood, stinging nettle and stinging nettle, plantain, marigold, small petal, lettuce, cloves, leek, wheatgrass, tomatoes, chives, millet, gaillardia, tansy, horseradish, field bindweed, corn and others.
Knowledge of these features of plant relationships is important for owners of small plots who are trying to rationally use every piece of land. Many amateur winegrowers plant vegetables, flowers and other plants in the rows of the vineyard.
In this regard, it is difficult to resist and not cite as an example the long-term observations of Tamara Georgievna Ivanova, a resident of Ulyanovsk, which she shared in the magazine “Homestead Farming”, 1996, No. 8. “My thoughts are occupied with grapes all year round. And the main thing is how to arrange other plants so as not to damage it...
I checked thoroughly and made sure that perennial plants are friends with grapes: chives, lungwort, strawberries, especially strawberries. Pharmaceutical chamomile, which I also love very much, does not prevent it from growing. But I had to find a place further from the vines for peppermint, lemon, menthol, and cold mint. And how useful sage is for us, thanks to which I am not afraid of toothache, and lofant - a plant that prevents the aging of the body and can treat the facial nerve, and I plant them no closer than 2 m from the grapes.
But it gets along well with earthen almonds - chufa. I have grapes on a trellis, and under them a chufa carpet, and both produce a harvest... Each plant requires its own conditions for growth and development. Japanese quince grows well under grapes if the vines do not create continuous shade. Gets along with vines and hyssop. It even seems that it insulates the grapes.
The same can be said about gladioli, peonies, beans, and cucumbers. There are different opinions about the compatibility of grapes and nuts. Therefore, I want to talk about my observations. In my garden near Ufa, I grew 108 varieties of grapes.
Among the other plants was a nine-year-old manchurian nut. I shaped its crown in the shape of a palm tree. The side branches “started” from a height of 2.5 m, the crown was more than 5 m in diameter, and it grew in height to almost 7 m. At 20 cm from its trunk, just under its crown, from west to east, a a metal single-plane trellis 2.2 m high. The vines of Early Alma-Ata and Beauty of the North grew beautifully on it. 2.5 m from the walnut trunk from south to north (half a meter from the wall of the dacha) is another trellis, on which the vines of the Russian Concord also spread freely. On the other side of the path, 2.5 m from the walnut trunk, three more trellises stood one after the other from west to east. Grapes of the varieties Yangier, Kuibyshevsky early ripening, Ais, etc. grew on them. The vines of an 11-year-old bush of the Taiga variety stretched above the roof of the dacha at a height of 6 m from the ground. The crown of the nut tree leaned over the vines during the wind. There was no more than 40–50 cm between the grape and nut leaves. And there was nothing to indicate that anyone was oppressing anyone. Nearby grew two more bushes of common barberry and viburnum, showered with fruits every autumn. I watched good compatibility
grapes and ginseng. For many years, grapes have been growing above the plantings of this plant, creating shade and moist air for it... From perennial plants
Looking through my notes, I compiled a list of plants for compatibility with grapes, dividing them into three groups.
First group. Plants grow especially well under grape vines: chufa, lentils, chives, Rhodiola rosea, Rhodiola Iremel.
In the second group, the following are quite compatible: herbaceous heart-shaped aralia, Japanese quince, chervil, carrots, bergenia, sweet potato, cauliflower and early cabbage, peas, gladioli, Moldavian snakehead, wild garlic, onion, safflower-shaped Leuzea, lunaria, nasturtium, cucumbers, peonies , sweet peppers, squash, parsley, radishes, beets, pumpkins, escholzia, Manchurian nuts, strawberries.
The third group included plants that clearly interfere with the growth and development of grapes. Among its antagonists are all types of sage and lofanta.
I listed only those plants that are not listed in L. Moser’s book “Viticulture in a New Way.” Based on these and other observations, we can highlight some features that are important for northern winegrowers. First of all, plants grown near grape bushes should be of small height so as not to shade the bushes, especially in the area where the bunches are located, and not to interfere with the ventilation of the bushes. If grape bushes are covered for the winter, then it is undesirable to plant perennial and bulbous flowers near them. Ornamental plants it is better to place in small groups, clumps, keeping in mind that continuous planting of plants near grape bushes has a negative impact on thermal mode soil and ground air
