How to properly build from a log frame: all stages of work - from choosing materials to finishing, photos and videos. How to build an inexpensive turnkey log house? Assembling a log house

When wondering what kind of house I would like to live in, for some reason I remember a tower from children's fairy tales. Why not? A wooden house has an excellent internal climate: warm in winter and cool in summer, always dry, even in very humid areas, the wonderful rich aroma of wood creates not just comfort, but also a wonderful atmosphere for life and creativity. In your search for the ideal home, you inevitably come to the realization that no one has come up with anything better than log houses. They are beautiful, practical, do not require finishing, retain heat perfectly and are absolutely environmentally friendly, if not even healing. Construction log house- a very responsible and labor-intensive task, although our ancestors overwhelmingly built such houses on their own, everyone knew the technology that was passed on from generation to generation, but today the thread of knowledge has been broken. There are very few good architects left, but industrial methods for building wooden houses have appeared. Of course, you can choose turnkey log houses, but within the framework of this article we will consider options on how to build log house with your own hands.

Rounded or planed (chopped) log - which is better?

In total, two types of buildings are called log houses: the first is made of chopped logs, i.e. planed by hand, it is also called “wild log house”, the second is made from logs rounded on a special machine. Let's figure out which option is better.

Until the beginning of the twentieth century, all log houses were exclusively "wild log house". What does this mean? All the logs were processed by hand, the top layer - the bark - was carefully removed from a freshly cut tree, while trying to keep the bast layer intact, which protects the deeper layers of wood from moisture from the outside. This provided amazing resistance to fungi and mold. Obviously, the sawn log tapers from the lower end, which is closer to the root, to the upper end, which is closest to the top. Even after processing, this difference in diameter remains; the closer to the top, the thinner the log. Enough tall tree can be cut into 3 logs: the thickest one, the end of which is located near the rhizome, is called the butt, the middle one is called the druga, and the top one is the third or top. The butt was always used for construction, as it is the most durable, thickest and has a smaller change in diameter. To compensate for the difference in thickness, when constructing a log house, the butt and top were always alternated. In one crown, the butt “looks” in one direction, and in the next, in the opposite direction. Selecting hand-cut logs is not an easy task, because logs various diameters it is necessary to create an even, solid structure.

The technology for building log houses has remained virtually unchanged to this day. Everyone also builds houses from different-sized logs, trying to fit them as perfectly as possible. Moreover, such houses are considered luxury housing, and the services for their construction are much more expensive than houses made of timber or even rounded logs. This is dictated by the complexity, duration and labor intensity of the work. After construction, a log house made from chopped logs must stand for at least 1 - 1.5 years, during which time the wood will shrink by about 5 - 7%. Only after this can you start decorating the house: installing doors, windows, installing communications, etc. In general, in addition to the colossal work of preparing and individually fitting the logs, a lot of waiting time will be required.

Thanks to modern technologies, all inconveniences using planed logs can be avoided. On special machines in industrial conditions, logs are processed to a perfectly cylindrical shape, and a groove is cut into them for further fastening into crowns. All dimensions are adjusted to the millimeter. This greatly simplifies the work when constructing a log house; it simply resembles assembling a construction kit according to instructions and drawings.

A very light and convenient material for construction, but it has lost all the advantages of planed logs in production. The fact is that during the production process, not only the bark is removed from the log, but also all the upper layers, including the sapwood, leaving only mature and sound wood, which is not protected from external factors. Therefore, when used, a rounded log is treated with special antiseptics and other antifungal and anti-rot impregnations, as well as agents that prevent insect damage. The result is: comfortable, beautiful, very smooth and less durable and environmentally friendly. In addition, the maximum diameter of such a log is less than 300 mm, while a chopped log can be of any diameter.

For ready-made log houses, the price depends precisely on what kind of log was used: chopped or rounded. Log houses are more expensive. And although many say that they look less aesthetically pleasing, in fact this is not so: from hand-planed logs you can create a masterpiece according to your personal taste. individual order, which will not be like any other house in the world. At the same time, the walls look primitive and unusual. It is much easier to build a house from rounded logs, especially on your own, since the human factor is almost completely eliminated.

Log houses: projects, technologies, cost

Any construction begins with the creation of a project, and the construction of a log house is no exception. You can take a ready-made project, or you can make it individual by ordering it from a special bureau. You shouldn’t first pour the foundation and then think about what kind of house you would like to build, because it will be quite difficult to adjust it to the dimensions of a ready-made foundation.

The cost of a log house depends on its number of storeys, material and complexity of the structure. Houses may have one floor, or two or three. The walls can be adjacent to each other at almost any angle, since the logs can be cut into a bowl of any shape. Those. a polygon-shaped wall is quite normal for a log house.

Today, log houses are built in two ways: logs are prepared directly on the construction site from chopped wood, or a house is assembled according to a drawing from rounded logs pre-made and fitted at the factory.

In the first case, the forest is always naturally moist, i.e. After construction, the log house is caulked and left for a year and a half to shrink, and only then work continues. Installation of windows and doors is carried out using two technologies: the first is to immediately cut the logs to the required length, leaving space for a window or doorway, the second is based on first allowing the wood to dry evenly, shrink, and only then, the next year, cut out openings. The second option is preferable, as it ensures the strength and durability of the log house due to uniform shrinkage. But this is a waste of time. And the first option is faster, so it is used more often, although to the detriment of the log house itself.

Rounded logs are sold both at natural moisture content and dried in production. The designer always assumes that all the logs already have their final length, all that remains is to assemble it. Companies involved in the construction of houses from rounded logs extremely rarely agree to build from unprocessed logs; almost always the fitting and complete assembly of the house is carried out in production, then the log house is marked, disassembled and transported to the site where it is reassembled.

How much a log house costs depends not only on the type of log, but also on its diameter, as well as related work, which the customer asks to fulfill. For example, the construction of only a log house from rounded logs will cost approximately 280 - 350 USD. for 1 m2, from chopped logs - 350 - 450 USD. for 1 m2. If you order in construction company arrangement of the foundation, carrying out communications, finishing the house, in in general everything is everything, then count on 1000 USD. for 1 m2.

How to choose the right wood for a log house

Most often construction log houses made from coniferous wood: pine, spruce, larch, cedar, but you can also use aspen, oak, ash and other deciduous trees. Pine and spruce are the most affordable materials, so they prevail. It is necessary to purchase logs cut down in winter; such wood has ideal moisture resistance characteristics.

If you have the opportunity to choose, it is better to opt for northern coniferous wood, it is more resistant to negative impacts. A good option- pine from the Baltic coast and Canadian spruce. But prepared in middle lane wood is also not bad if all storage, drying and transportation conditions are met.

Important! Please note when choosing wood that grown in different climatic zones the forest will have absolutely different characteristics and density level, despite the same processing conditions.

It is better to buy wood from a proven and reliable harvester. The strength of the entire house depends on this. If you make a mistake with the wood, it's a waste of money. The diameter of the logs is selected depending on the design of the house and the severity of the winter cold. For example, if the temperature in winter does not drop below -20 °C, 200 mm of logs is enough, if up to -30 °C, then 220 mm of logs, and if up to -40 °C, then 240 - 260 mm. Of course, these calculations are purely advisory in nature. You can safely choose logs of greater thickness, up to 500 - 600 mm in diameter, or use 250 mm logs in a fairly warm climate, the tree compensates for temperature changes.

When you come to a sawmill or timber warehouse, pay attention to the following features:

The surface of the logs should be yellow or dark yellow.
The cut should be tight and even, without blue spots.
The core should occupy ¾ of the cut and have an even dark shade.
There should be no resin pockets.
It's better if there are no branches. But even if they are present, they should sit without gaps. If you see such a picture, it means the core is rotten.
When the ax hits the end of the log, there should be a ringing sound.
The maximum depth of a permissible crack in a log should be 1/3 of the cut.
The logs should not be twisted; in the construction of a house they can only be used for floorboards and rafters, having previously been cut into bars.

Feel free to reject logs with the above flaws. If you are buying a project house made of rounded logs, be sure to include a clause in the contract obliging you to replace substandard logs at the company’s expense upon the customer’s first request. Pay attention to the conditions in which the timber was stored, whether all requirements were met, or maybe after a couple of months mold will appear on the logs.

DIY log house

The easiest option for self-construction is a house made of rounded logs. We will consider it further, since log house will still require not only the ability to hold a tool in your hands, but also decent experience working with wood.

First of all, we order a project or a house already finished project in a special company. After we have discussed all the issues, the factory produces a complete set of logs for our house, as well as floor beams, joists and rafters. This is where the house is assembled for the first time to make sure that all the logs are cut correctly. The house is then dismantled.

Our participation begins with an inspection of the timber package. Then we must prepare a place on the building site for storing wood, equipping it with a canopy so that the wood does not get wet in the rain.

Foundation for a log house

Before building a log house, it is necessary to arrange the foundation on which it will stand. Since a wooden house is a relatively light structure, the foundation can be made shallow. Most often, a pile-strip foundation, a pile foundation, a slab foundation, and less often a buried strip foundation are used.

Let's consider a pile-strip foundation.

We mark the area, then remove the top fertile layer and set it aside for landscaping needs.
To width strip foundation We excavate the soil to a depth of 30 cm.
Along the perimeter of the building, in increments of about 2 m, we drill wells with a diameter of up to 180 mm, to the depth of soil freezing, i.e. 150 cm.
We fill the wells with a layer of sand and crushed stone.
We weld the frame from the reinforcement and lower it into the well.
We fill the well with concrete, then tamp it with a vibrator.
Install wooden formwork for strip foundation. It should protrude no less than 50 - 60 cm above the ground level.
We weld the frame for the strip foundation and connect it to the reinforcement sticking out of the wells.
We fill the strip foundation with concrete, compact it and wait for it to harden.

After the foundation has completely dried, you can begin waterproofing it. This is especially important since our house is made of wood. We lay roofing material on the foundation in 3 - 4 layers and additionally coat it with mastic.

Construction of a log house from rounded logs: erection of walls

Please note, this is extremely important; the first crown - the mortgage - cannot be installed directly on the foundation. Although you may encounter such a design, be aware that it threatens that the mortgage crown will quickly become unusable.

So, to begin with, we lay the so-called “backing” linden board on the foundation. This can be a beam about 50 - 100 mm thick and at least 150 mm wide. Then we begin to assemble the log house:

Important! The lower mortgage rim must have an end cut off at the bottom with a width of at least 150 mm. This is necessary so that the house rests firmly on the plane of the end. If you suddenly notice that the crown logs have the same groove as all the others, contact the manufacturer and request a replacement.

The first two logs of the foundation crown are laid on opposite walls of the foundation parallel to each other, on a backing board. We carefully check their even position.

Important! All logs included in the set already have a factory-made groove for a longitudinal connection and a locking corner connection. Most often this is a moon groove and a “bowl” connection.

We lay insulation on the logs that we will lay on the remaining two sides. We fill the entire groove and recess of the bowl with caulking material. It could be moss, tow, hemp or jute. Most often, for caulking rounded logs, jute or linen tape insulation is used with a width corresponding to the width of the groove in the log. We spread the insulation so that at the edges it hangs 5 - 6 cm on each side. We fasten it using a construction stapler.

Important! The recess must be completely filled with insulation. When the jute tape is spread, it covers the entire longitudinal groove, but in the bowl it only goes through the middle. Therefore, in the area of the bowl it is necessary to insulate with two pieces.

We install two logs on the transverse sides of the foundation, resting them on the mortgage crown. The bowls should fit together neatly. We check that there is the required angle between the logs, for example, 90 °. We control the level of their horizontality. The insulation should hang from the log.

We install all other crowns according to the same scheme, assembling them like a construction set.
For greater strength, some technologies involve fastening the crowns together not only with the help of grooves and bowls, but also with dowels. This wooden slats made of denser wood. A hole is drilled in the logs to a depth of more than one log and a dowel is inserted into the hole.

The last two crowns are not secured. This is necessary for proper shrinkage.

Important! We must treat all logs with antiseptics, otherwise they will rot in the first winter.

Do not forget to constantly check the correct installation. Horizontal logs and strict verticality of the log house are required. The rounded log house kit includes holes for window and door frames. We carefully lay the short logs and secure them carefully.

Installation of a log house roof

Log walls cannot be left without a roof, so immediately after the walls are erected, we cover the frame. Rafters and floor beams are included in the kit. The rafters can be installed directly on the logs of the upper crown, or you can first lay the mauerlat (beam for the rafters).

If the project provides for a veranda, then we insert special shrinkage compensators, because horizontally laid logs will dry out and shrink, but vertical logs will not. To prevent the house from warping, all vertical logs must be equipped with compensators.

We connect the ridge logs using metal pins. We install the rafters in increments of 600 mm. For this we use 50x200 mm timber. We attach the rafters to the last crown on sliding supports. We lay it on top of the rafters waterproofing film. Then we attach the sheathing, the pitch of which depends on the selected roofing material. Lastly, we lay roofing material.

After the walls of the log house are ready and the roof is installed, all the insulation that sticks out of the logs should be carefully caulked. To do this, using a caulking tool (tool), we wrap these 5 - 6 cm of insulation down and push it inside the gap between the crowns. Then we make a pushing movement at the top of the gap and in the middle.

In this condition: with the roof and walls caulked for the first time, we leave the house for a year to shrink.

A year later, we repeat the caulking, sealing all newly formed cracks and gaps with tow, hemp or jute.

Important! Sometimes it is advised to carry out another caulk after the house has been in operation for a whole year with the heating turned on in winter.

Installation of doors, windows, installation of ceilings and floors

All windows, doors and partitions are installed only after maximum shrinkage of the log house, i.e. a year after construction.

Neither doors nor windows are placed directly into openings. To begin with, wooden casing boxes with compensation fastening and they already have windows and doors. This precaution is due to the fact that wood is a plastic material. It expands from moisture and shrinks from its lack, in addition, the shrinkage of a wooden house lasts 5 - 6 years. And although a rounded log is less susceptible to shrinkage, casing is still necessary.

The floor joists of the first floor cut into the embedded crown or the subsequent one. They must be firmly attached. Since the embedded crown must be well ventilated so as not to rot longer, it is recommended to install the floor on the joists with the crown higher.

At this stage you can already mount heating system and other communications, install interior doors, slopes, baseboards, plumbing and other finishing.

Now that the log house is ready, you can move in. In conclusion, I would like to note that logs of insufficient length can be joined, but it is important to make a connecting groove, and there should not be many such joints in one wall. Vents should be provided in the foundation for free ventilation of the underground. And don’t forget, you can’t leave the log house uncovered with a roof or at least a film, and also don’t treat it with an antiseptic. A rounded log can deteriorate even in one season.

Crown called one row of logs. Lower crown - salary, he becomes basis the whole house. For the frame crown they select durable wood hardwood (larch or oak). All other logs fall on it. Unfortunately, decay lower crown Not unusual. This is the most problematic part of the design.

For service life extension frame and the building as a whole, you should not skimp on roof overhangs and wood processing compounds.

From coniferous species preference should be given to pine, which is more durable than spruce and contains less resin. It is highly advisable to use logs harvested in winter for construction. “Frosty” wood is dry, easy to process, and much less susceptible to warping, shrinkage, and rotting processes.

1. . This is a log house with four walls. Logs are knitted only in the corners:

2. . Consists of four external walls and one partition (internal wall). The logs are tied in the corners and at the joints of the fifth, interior wall with external:

3. . In the shape of a semicircle or hexagon - an exotic option, which we will leave outside the scope of this article:

Angular dressings are divided into two type:

With the remainder(the logs protrude beyond the formed corner).

Without a trace.

Functional difference minimal and the decision is made based on aesthetic reasons.

First the method is also called " in the region" It is presented more clearly in the picture:

Second the type of dressing is called " in the paw»:

Start with selection correct log diameter taking into account your climate. If the local air temperature during the cold season does not drop below - 30 °C, then a forest with a diameter of 22 -24 see For frosty winters you will need logs from 26 cm.

Be attentive to defects material. Monitor the straightness of the forms and mercilessly reject specimens with visually recorded curvature. To obtain the required length, you can use horizontal mate(splicing) short logs:

Logs salary and top splice the crowns undesirable and it is better to initially choose them for the right size.

Decide how you will deliver timber to high tiers. You can use a block system or a simple device with laying a smooth beam on the upper crown and lifting the building material using slings:

The inner wall is connected to the outer wall depending on type of corners. If the corners were knitted with the remainder, then it is reasonable to complete the fifth wall with the remainder. If the log house is created without a trace, then the partition is cut in without it - flush.

Tenon cutting is popular - in fat tail:

A frying pan with a straight side is called semi-frying pan. Convenient for cross-shaped connections between walls.

They also turn it on frying pan- a vertical ridge that widens towards the end. The corresponding grooves are made in the crowns of the external walls:

A bitumen-impregnated board with a thickness of 50 mm and width 150 mm, on it - hewn from below crown molding. Check the horizontality of the rims and the verticality of the corners, adjust if necessary.

For fixation crowns use wooden pins between each other - dowels or dowels. They get slaughtered wooden hammer into staggered holes drilled in increments 1,5 -2 m. The depth of the hole is drilled with a margin of 3 -5 cm so that the log does not hang on the dowels when drying. Details in the video:

IN piers score at least 2 things in the distance 0,15 -0,2 m from the edge.

Dowel diameter must be from 20 mm. You can purchase shovel handles and cut them into cylinders of the required length. The diameter of the blanks made in this way will be slightly larger than the norm - 25 mm.

Drill take less on 1 mm - 24 mm so that the dowel fits tightly. There is no threat of the log hanging; as the tree shrinks, the drilled hole diameter will increase.

Nog it will go in easier, if it is moistened in waste oil and chamfered from the end.

When laying crowns, be attentive to the drawings and leave the necessary openings for windows and doors. Working on the overlapping crown, cut the opening plumb to size and process lateral ends: they must end vertical comb:

When installed in openings of jambs and door frames should leave a reserve 5 -10 cm for shrinkage. A similar distance must be provided if the openings are not created during the assembly process, but are cut out with a chainsaw already in finished log house.

Insulation

Insulation can be carried out during the construction of walls, but it is permissible to caulk an already assembled log house. Felt, hemp, flax, jute or other special materials are placed between the logs.

Ready the log house is left to dry and shrink naturally. The drying time of a log house according to the technology is 1 year.

To compensate for seasonal and natural shrinkage, use screw supports . Horizontal logs of houses shrink, but vertical pillars are not subject to this process. The back part of the house will “lower”, but the end part, if the columns are firmly installed, will remain in place.

Warping of the ceiling and floor may occur and the need for such a labor-intensive and unpleasant procedure as cutting logs. Therefore, it is advisable to install pillars on screw supports, which smoothly adjust the length of the support and provide uniform shrinkage:

The author of the article has heard about technology that allows speed up the shrinkage process. In this case, the log house is assembled not on dowels, but on steel studs, which are driven along the entire height of the wall in increments of about a meter. Minimum stud length 80 cm, and the work is carried out in this order:

The logs are drilled after preliminary marking. The diameter of the drill is selected based on the diameter of the stud. For hairpin 12 mm hole diameter will be 15 mm.

Having laid the casing crown, pass all the studs with a diameter of 12 mm and length 80 -100 cm. The studs are lowered to the ground and square washers are put on them (thickness from 3 mm) and nuts (height 30 -60 mm).

Then the next crowns are laid with the pins tapped upward. If they are raised all the way, and the end does not protrude above the edge of the upper log, the studs are extended through a nut - a coupling, into which the following fasteners are screwed.

After assembling the frame, it is tightened evenly around the entire perimeter wrenches with good leverage. After this procedure, the log house loses its height on average 10 -15 cm. In this way the desired shrinkage will be “selected”.

The method is interesting, but little in demand, probably due to the danger of cracks appearing in the logs when screeding the log house.

However, the method provides increased structural strength and significant time savings. You can continue assembling the house immediately after the frame is finished.

We invite you to watch a video that demonstrates in detail the process of building a log house from rounded logs:

Wooden houses and cottages made of rounded logs have been popular for many years.

This is not a fashion trend, this is environmentally friendly housing with many advantages:
Pleasant coolness in the summer heat, cozy warmth in the winter cold, Fresh air with a subtle aroma of wood, optimal humidity - all this without additional hoods and air conditioners.
Natural and majestic beauty natural wood allows you to save on interior decoration.
Construction of a log house and installation of a wooden house from logs in two or three months.
The strength of rounded logs is incomparably higher than glued material, so the house turns out to be durable.
made from logs prepared in chamber drying, does not shrink.

Technology and stages of the installation process

Time-tested construction techniques, combined with modern technologies, do not seem difficult. A set of parts with connecting cups is manufactured at the factory, all that remains is to assemble the house like a construction set. But lack of experience and knowledge can lead to twisted logs, crushed window frames or mold in the house.
Installation of a wooden house made of logs, the opinion of practitioners:
1. Antiseptic backing boards are laid on the foundation waterproofing. The bottom trim is not attached to the foundation.
2. The walls are assembled according to assembly drawings. The inter-crown seal is attached to the longitudinal groove before each laying of the log
3. To fasten the crowns of the log house, use square wooden dowels (not metal). The fastening is done in a checkerboard pattern, placing the dowels at a distance of a maximum of 1.5 meters. This will prevent the logs from shifting and provide strength to the structure.
4. In the vertical grooves in the ends of the logs that go to the door and window openings casing bars are inserted. Door and window frames are attached to the casing with self-tapping screws or nails.
5. In cuttings, logs are spliced along the length - the joints are fastened with steel staples. This will prevent the appearance of gaps and the formation of cold bridges.
6. Floor beams are cut into the wall and secured with special hangers and metal supports. The pitch of the beams and the cross-section are calculated depending on the load and span length.
7. If logs with natural moisture are used in construction, hanging rafters are used. The inclined rafters are rigidly connected to the ridge beam and log walls. If the structure shrinks unevenly, they will pull along the relatively movable walls assembled on dowels.

Correct installation of the foundation for a log house

The quality of the future structure depends on the quality and competent laid foundation. Wooden buildings relatively light. The expected load corresponds to load bearing capacity economical types of foundation: columnar, pile and shallow-buried strip.
Columnar is a cheap and simple type of foundation. The posts are installed at the intersection points of the walls and on the purlins.

The distance between the posts depends on the length of the run - ideally 1.5 meters, maximum 2.5 meters. From above they are connected with a grillage.

If the house is small, the crown beam is laid directly on the insulation layer without a grillage. To make the correct foundation for a log house, it is necessary to take into account the properties of the soil at the construction site. Having defined the line groundwater, freezing level and soil type, the depth of the foundation is calculated. For clay soil A deep foundation is recommended; in sandy areas, a shallow foundation is recommended.
A pile foundation differs from a columnar foundation in the absence of a foundation pit. To install piles, holes are drilled, reinforced and filled with concrete. The base of the piles goes into the non-freezing layer. In frosty winters, the soil begins to push them out.

To prevent ejection, expansion is made at the bottom of the piles using folding plows while drilling holes.

This keeps the piles in the ground in winter. Such an anchor resists the forces of tangential heaving in cold weather.
A shallow strip foundation is suitable for installing single-story and two-story houses on non-heaving soil. To build a foundation, you need to clear the area, remove the turf and dig a trench strictly according to the drawing of the future building. For accuracy, markings should be done with pegs. The formwork is installed in the trench, then the reinforcing elements are fixed. At the bottom of the trench, a sand cushion of 30 to 40 centimeters, at least 30 centimeters wide, is poured. Then it's poured concrete mixture. The height of a shallow strip foundation should be at least 80 centimeters or about 1 meter. The base (ground part) of the foundation protrudes 50 centimeters and is equipped with ventilation holes. The external formwork is removed after the concrete has completely hardened.

Maximum thermal insulation to save heating costs

A log house is warm, heat leaks occur due to structural damage. The main heat losses come from the floor, ceiling, doors and windows.
Insulating the floor is not difficult to do. The insulation is laid between the joists on the ground or a second floor is built, and the insulation is laid between the floors. The cost of the first insulation option is lower, and it can be done faster. To prevent moisture from coming from the ground, a vapor barrier is first laid. You can use two layers of roofing felt and bend its edges onto the walls. Then put insulation - cellulose ecowool or glass wool. There must be a ventilation gap of at least 3 centimeters above the insulation.
The thermal protection of the entire building largely depends on the condition of the ceiling. Warm air tends upward and leaves through the uninsulated ceiling. Therefore, the ceiling is insulated mineral wool. Depending on the climate, a 20 or 30 centimeter layer is laid. It is undesirable to use polystyrene foam; it is a fire hazard. No less effective, but cheaper method of insulation from natural materials: straw, hay or dry leaves mixed with lime. More attention is paid to insulating corners and edges attic space. A vapor barrier is laid under the insulation.
To prevent doors and windows from leaking heat, cracks must be eliminated. It is easier to install modern double-glazed windows and double doors. A less expensive option is to caulk the cracks, seal the glass with sealant, stick a sealant on the sashes, door leaf 5 centimeters of polystyrene foam and cover with decorative fabric or leatherette.
To achieve maximum thermal insulation and save heating costs, you should pay attention to the walls. Gaps appear between the logs after shrinkage. The walls are caulked using the old-fashioned method, only using modern materials. You can build a ventilated façade and insulate the walls with mineral wool.

Logs have been used as a building material for a very long time, and have not lost their popularity to this day. In addition to being environmentally friendly, log houses are attractive due to their appearance and relatively low cost. In this article we will analyze step by step how to build a log house yourself.

Today, many companies are engaged in the construction of turnkey wooden houses. They are also engaged in the procurement and production of logs. The price of a turnkey house depends not only on the size of the house, but also on the diameter of the logs used and the method of their production.

Building a house from a log with your own hands will be much cheaper than ordering turnkey construction. The cost of building materials is comparable to the cost of work. That is, the price finished house, ordered from a turnkey company, is twice the cost of building materials.

Types of logs

Logs are made from coniferous wood, mainly spruce, pine or larch.

According to the method of production (harvesting), a log can be:

- debarked

- scraped

- planed

- rounded

Barked logs are one of the commonly used materials for building houses. Minor processing helps the tree retain all its protective properties, which significantly increases its service life. In terms of price, houses made from debarked logs are not expensive, but they require additional finishing.

From a debarked log, by removing the underbark (bast) by scraping and grinding, a very durable scraped log is obtained. During the processing process, the logs are adjusted to each other, all irregularities, knots and other defects are removed. The price of a house made from such logs will be higher than from debarked logs, since additional processing requires quite a lot of time. A log house made from scraped logs does not require additional finishing work, but on the contrary, due to the uniqueness of each log, it looks very dignified.

The name itself – “planed log” – speaks about the technology for its production. Using an electric planer, only a small amount of wood can be removed from logs. top part, and all irregularities are eliminated. Thus, fairly even logs are obtained. Just as in the case of scraped logs, planed logs are adjusted to each other. Houses made from planed logs are very warm, durable and do not require additional finishing work. The price of such turnkey houses is significantly higher than that of the options listed above.

A rounded log is obtained by processing the log on a rounding machine. Due to this, perfectly even logs are obtained along the entire length, which do not require adjustment. As a result of processing, the protective layer is removed from the tree, which can subsequently lead to cracking of the log and rapid deterioration of the log house (rotting). Houses made from such logs are assembled quite quickly and look beautiful without additional finishing. The price of houses made of rounded logs on a turnkey basis is not high, but it is also quite difficult to obtain a high-quality log house from such material.

Project selection

After determining the material from which the house will be built, you can begin to select its design. Not large sizes you can design the house yourself or find free project in the Internet. But with the two-story project big house It's not worth experimenting. It is better to purchase it from the appropriate organization, which will most likely help with obtaining a permit for its construction.

At independent design future home, it is necessary to take into account the maximum possible length of the logs, which is 6 meters. The height of the future house is calculated based on the diameter of the logs, which is different for everyone, with the exception of the use of galvanized logs.

Foundation for a log house

The foundation for a house made of solid logs must withstand heavy loads. The most suitable is a strip shallow foundation. The price of this type of turnkey foundation in construction companies is quite high, therefore, this stage It’s also better to do the construction yourself.

Before building a foundation for a log house, it is necessary to mark the site. To do this, pegs are driven into the corners of the future house, and a string is stretched between them, indicating its contours. Next, a trench is dug with a depth of 60-70 cm and a width equal to the width of the foundation, and it depends on the diameter chosen for the construction of the log. It is desirable that the foundation protrudes beyond the wall from the outside by 5 cm, and from the inside by 10 cm. An internal protrusion is necessary for a more stable and high-quality fit of the floor joists.

A layer of sand (sand cushion) is poured onto the bottom of the trench, which is compacted well.

The next stage is the assembly and installation of formwork. It is made from boards or plywood by assembling panels. The shields are installed on top of the trench opposite each other and are well fastened together.

Reinforcement is placed inside the formwork, which is tied together into one single frame. For the foundation of a log house, reinforcement of at least 12 diameters is used, in several rows.

After installing the formwork and reinforcing frame, concrete can be poured. When purchasing concrete from a manufacturer, you must order concrete grade M250. When pouring yourself, the proportions are as follows: 1 cement (400): 3 sand: 4.5-5 crushed stone.

Important! It is necessary to provide holes in the foundation for ventilation of the subfloor. The height of the foundation from the ground should be less than 50 cm.

Wall construction technology

Before laying the first crown of the log house, it is necessary to waterproof the foundation by laying on it waterproofing material(roofing felt, hydrostekloizol).

For the first crown, choose the largest log in diameter and the most resinous one.

You can also use larch logs, but its price is quite high. To give greater stability to the log, part of it is removed, making a flat area. Treated with an antiseptic solution and laid on the foundation.

For a good fit to each other, a longitudinal groove is selected in the logs. When ordering a finished log house made from rounded logs, this groove is already made in production. In all other cases, the groove is made manually.

Video. How to make a longitudinal groove manually:

The logs are laid with the groove down on top of each other. For a tight and warm connection, moss or tow is laid between the logs. The logs are connected to each other using wooden dowels, which are inserted vertically into pre-drilled holes.

The corner connection can have several options: with or without a remainder.

When connecting logs with the remainder, there will be an overconsumption of material, since part of the log protrudes beyond the walls of the house. This method will increase the cost of construction.

The corner connection of the logs should be warm. It can be obtained by connecting into a paw (when connecting without a residue) and by connecting into a bowl (when connecting with a remainder).

If the diameter of the logs is large enough, then, most likely, to build a house from a log you will have to resort to the help of equipment: a crane or a manipulator.

It is easier to build a house from rounded logs than from regular logs. The log is smooth, has all the necessary grooves and corner joint have already been completed in production, all that remains is to assemble the constructor.

Roof construction technology

After assembling the box at home, it must be protected from exposure atmospheric precipitation. To do this, you must immediately build a roof over it.

To do this, you will need 150*50 mm boards, from which the rafter system is constructed. A roof slope of 30 degrees is optimal. The rafters are installed at a distance of 60-100 mm from each other and attached at the bottom to the wall using long nails or metal corners, and in the upper part to the ridge beam. The rafters are laid on top roofing waterproofing, a counter batten is nailed to provide a ventilated gap, and a wooden sheathing is installed.

Roofing material is laid on the sheathing. In the case of flexible bitumen shingles A solid base is made of plywood. Price soft roof higher than metal, but in certain cases (complex hip roofs) its use will be preferable and expedient.

Log house with arranged roof will have a beautiful finished look.

Important nuances

After erecting the frame of the house and the roof, the log house must be left for at least one year. After it shrinks, you can begin finishing (jambing) window and door openings.

As described above, houses made of rounded or planed logs do not require additional finishing, but the wood must be protected from moisture and insects. For this, wooden houses should be periodically treated with special solutions and paints. The quality of wood processing will determine how long a log house will last.

To reduce heat loss from a log house, it must be well caulked.

To build a turnkey log house with your own hands, you need to purchase a suitable design, high-quality and affordable material and follow the technology at all stages of construction.

By choosing or drawing a specific project, and calculating how much is needed building material and how much money is needed to build this particular house, you will understand how much the price of the offered finished houses in construction companies from the costs of building a house with your own hands.

Video. Construction of a house from a log.

04/19/2016 by
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Wooden house construction is gaining popularity among private developers, especially if we're talking about on the construction of buildings from rounded logs. Wooden house retains heat perfectly, does not require external and interior decoration, environmentally friendly, it always maintains a comfortable microclimate due to the ability of wood to “breathe”.

The technology for assembling a log house from rounded logs is a combination of classical techniques of wooden house construction, which have been polished over centuries, and the latest achievements in the field of woodworking and the production of insulating materials.

Features of rounded logs

The advantage of rounded logs is their ideal geometry, which allows this material to be used for the manufacture of log parts that do not require additional adjustment.

Using high-precision equipment, bowls and grooves necessary for installing the log house are cut out in the logs. The production of elements is carried out for a specific project in order to obtain a ready-made kit for the construction of a building of a given size and layout. The prepared elements are treated with a special antiseptic, which does not clog the pores of the wood and allows moisture to evaporate freely.

The reliability and performance properties of a structure made from rounded logs are ensured by:

ideally shaped elements made from rounded logs;
connection density;
wood resistance to external influences and weather conditions;
low thermal conductivity of natural wood.

Rounded logs produced in Russia meet the standards in force in Europe. For construction, logs with a diameter of 200 to 280 mm are usually used, the error in size does not exceed 2 mm.

Assembling a house from rounded logs can be done independently if you have the skill to work with wood. To guarantee a high result, it is recommended to involve professionals in construction.

When assembling a log house from rounded logs, it is recommended to use jute fabric as insulation. This is a plant material that consists of 20% lignin, a substance with high adhesive properties that is released when strongly compressed. After the log house has finished, the jute fabric will be compacted, its fibers will stick together, forming a dense, monolithic layer that is resistant to blowing and moisture.

Arrangement of the lower crown

At the first stage, you should check the quality of the foundation. In a concrete grillage pile foundation or the strip base should not have cracks, otherwise over time the structure will collapse, causing uneven subsidence and destruction of the house itself.

The foundation should be waterproofed so that the wood of the lower crown does not come into contact with capillary moisture that rises through the concrete. Two layers of roofing material are laid on the base. On top, along the entire perimeter of the structure, boards treated with an antiseptic are laid. It is recommended to use larch boards; this wood is resistant to rot.

As in roofing felt, holes should be made in the boards to fit over the embedded reinforcement protruding vertically from the foundation base. Thanks to the pins, the lower part of the frame is securely fixed to the base. The reinforcement must be covered with a layer of bitumen.

Next, the lower (support) crown is mounted - usually logs are used for this larger diameter compared to the others. The first log is applied to the installation site to mark future holes in its lower part for the reinforcement pins of the foundation. To make a mark, hit the top of the log with the butt of an ax.

Then the log is laid with the basting side up, holes are drilled for the pins and a 5 mm thick jute insulation tape is placed in the groove, with the edges turned inward. Tape width – 200 mm. The log is mounted in place, while it is placed on the ends of the reinforcement.

The remaining elements of the lower crown are laid according to a similar pattern. In this case, the bowls in the corners of the structure are lined with jute insulation. To fasten the jute fabric, use a construction stapler with staples.

Walling

During assembly log house The crowns are fastened together with dowels (dowels) - special rods made from straight-grained hardwood. Birch dowels are most often used. The fasteners are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in increments of about 1-1.5 meters.

Holes for dowels are drilled through the top log, strictly vertically from the top point of the arc, so that the fasteners are located in the center of the log. The dowel should extend into the bottom log by 3-5 cm. This method of fastening prevents displacement of the log house elements relative to neighboring ones and reduces the risk of wall deformation.

Please note: dowels come in round or square cross-section, and it is preferable to use square ones to reduce the area of contact between the dowel and the log. In this case, when shrinking, the logs do not “hang”, forming fistulas between the crowns.

At the design stage, the arrangement of cuttings should be planned if it is necessary to splice logs along their length. If you simply join the elements end to end, cracks will form after shrinkage, which leads to increased heat loss. When arranging cuttings, steel brackets must be used - wooden dowels are not enough to fasten nodes with increased loads.

Openings and roofing

In a round house, after assembling the log house, door and window openings are cut out. At the side ends of these openings it is necessary to cut a 50x50 mm groove or form a tenon with the same cross-section.

Fiber insulation and a block of suitable cross-section are placed into the groove, which will prevent the walls from deforming or twisting. Then window or door frames. A gap of at least 7 cm is left in the upper part for shrinkage of the log house, the gap is filled with fiber insulation.

If spikes are formed at the ends of the opening, U-shaped casing sidewalls are placed on them. The sidewalls are fastened at the top and bottom with horizontal strips. Subsequently, a window or door block is installed in the casing.

Floor beams are installed on the finished log house, cutting them into the wall. Then they erect rafter system and install temporary or permanent roofing to protect the house structure from precipitation. It is recommended to lay the subfloor immediately.

The finished log house is left alone for a period of six months to one and a half years. During this period, the log structure has time to dry out and settle. After this, it is additionally treated with an antiseptic and the finishing works– laying permanent floors, installing windows and doors, roof insulation, lining wet rooms, etc.

After shrinking, the joints between the logs can be decorated with jute rope to add attractiveness appearance walls In addition, the jute rope between the crowns contributes to additional thermal insulation of the house.

If the installation technology is followed, a house made of rounded logs will successfully go through the shrinkage stage without deformation of the walls.