How to understand gender in French. Noun in French

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French nouns are only masculine or feminine. In French dictionaries, the gender of nouns is usually indicated by letters m (masculin - male) and f (feminin - female):

• fils, m - son(pronounced [fis]);
• fille, f - daughter(pronounced [fiy]).

Function words allow determine gender and number noun in French(if endings allow gender to be determined in Russian, in French this is possible in a limited number of cases).

Unlike the Russian language, French nouns are not inflected:

• from Russian the phrases “my son”, “my son” at", "my son A", "my son ohm"will be translated the same" mon fils» [mɔ̃-fis].

Listen to how the French words sound " fils"(son) and " fille"(daughter) with some in official words .

Do the exercise

The exercise will ask:

• listen to the phrase and choose correct option(translation of the phrase is shown after the answer);
• translate phrases;
• enter missing function word;

At the end of each block, you can correct mistakes and listen to the phrases again.

Familiarize yourself with the rules for using function words and complete the exercise (recommendations are given below the table). In this section, some of the lessons will introduce you to the rules of grammar, and some of the lessons will help you remember words (etc.).

Exercises

The exercises in the first few lessons will be simple enough to:

• you could focus on understanding the main part of the lesson;
• got used to the type of tasks and were not distracted by them; gradually the tasks will become more complicated (you will need to think more) or more tasks will be offered (30-50).

The main task that faces you :

• learn not to think about the choice of function words (there are not many of them). Exercises will help with this (there is no need to cram the expressions themselves; the first few lessons are aimed at introducing you to the features of grammar). Carefully read the tasks for each exercise, as they clarify what you need to pay attention to and give recommendations on how best to perform the exercises to get the maximum effect.

Friends, have you always wanted to know something about a noun in French? Or do you want to enrich your vocabulary with new noun words and find out what nouns are in French? Perhaps you want to study the suffixes that form a French noun? If you are interested in all these questions, then welcome to our website!

Today we will talk about the noun in French - le nom or le substantif. We will try to talk about the noun in as much detail and clearly as possible and answer the most popular questions on this topic.

The functions and meaning of a French noun are in many ways similar to a Russian noun, so there won’t be any particular difficulties here. But as for education French nouns, then here you should arm yourself with a pen and notebook and write down what interests you. So, let's start analyzing the French noun!

What does a noun mean in French?

Everything here is quite simple and clear. As in Russian, a noun in French means:

• Animated objects (objets animés): un chien – dog
• Inanimate objects (objets inanimés): un mur – wall
• Abstract (notions abstracts): une silence - silence
• Action: un cri – scream
• Quality (qualité): une intelligence - mind
• Substance: du sucre – sugar

The structure of a French noun can be simple or complex. Compound nouns can be written in one word (un portemonnaie - a purse) or in several words with a hyphen (un timbre-poste - a postage stamp).

In a sentence, a noun can be a subject, a nominal part of a predicate, a direct or indirect object, an application, an address, or an adverbial clause.

French nouns are divided into the following groups (the same groups can be observed in Russian):

• Common nouns (noms communs): une maison – house
• Own (noms propres): Lilie - Lily, Paris - Paris
• Animated (noms animés): une mère – mother
• Inanimate (noms inanimés): une voiture – machine
• Specific (noms concrets): une herbe - grass
• Abstract (noms abstrits): un amour – love
• Subject (noms-objets): un stylo – pen
• Substances: du sel – salt
• Noms uniques: le soleil – the sun
• Collective (noms collectifs): un peuple – people, people

Proper names nouns in French, as in Russian, are written with a capital letter. These are first and last names, names of cities, countries, streets, companies, institutions, brands, historical periods or events, etc.

A few words about the feminine gender...

On our website we discussed in detail the topic of feminine nouns in French. Therefore, we will not dwell on this in detail here. We just want to remind you of the special feminine forms of some French nouns:

• Un père – une mère (father – mother);
• Un mari – une femme (husband – wife);
• Un homme – une femme (man – woman);
• Un oncle – une tante (uncle – aunt);
• Un garçon – une fille / une fillette (boy – girl);
• Un frère – une soeur (brother – sister);
• Un roi – une reine (king – queen);
• Un copain - une copine (friend - friend);
• Un serviteur – une servante (servant – maid);
• Un neveu – une nièce (nephew – niece);
• Un vieillard – une vieille (old man – old woman);
• Un héros – une héroïne (hero – heroine);
• Un coq – une poule (rooster – hen);
• Un étalon – une jument (stallion – mare);
• Un gendre – une bru (son-in-law – daughter-in-law);
• Un duc – une duchesse (duke – duchess);
• Un docteur – une doctoresse (doctor – female doctor);
• Un bouc – une chèvre (goat – goat);
• Un jars – une oie (goose – goose);
• Un lièvre – une hase (hare – hare);
• Un parrain – une marraine (godfather – godmother);
• Un Dieu – une déesse (God – Goddess);
• Un pair – une pairesse (peer – female peer);
• Un bélier – une brebis (ram – sheep);
• Un empereur – une impératrice (emperor – empress);
• Un fils – une fille (son – daughter);
• Un cerf – une biche (deer – female deer);
• Un verrat – une truie (boar – pig).

As for professions, in French there are only masculine professions. If we need to indicate that this is a woman, it looks like this:

• Un médecin – une femme médecin: doctor – woman doctor

But since 2000 it is allowed to write like this:

• Une auteur – female author
• Une chirurgienne – female surgeon
• Une magistrate – female magistrate
• Une médecin – female doctor
• Une écrivaine - writer
• Une ingénieure – a woman engineer
• Une maire – female mayor
• Une professeure - teacher
• Une ministere – a woman minister
• Une peintre – artist

Also, in French there are nouns that have two genders, but one form. Accordingly, their meaning varies depending on the gender. These nouns to remember:

• Un aigle – une aigle (eagle – standard);
• Un aide – une aide (helper – help);
• Un vase - une vase (vase - mud);
• Un page – une page (page – page);
• Un voile – une voile (cover – sail);
• Un critique – une crtitique (critic – criticism);
• Un manche - une manche (handle - sleeve);
• Un poêle – une poêle (oven – frying pan);
• Un mousse – une mousse (cabin – moss);
• Un moule – une moule (shape – mussel);
• Un cache – une cache (carbon copy – cache);
• Un cartouche - une cartouche (cartouche or frame in the drawing - cartridge);
• Un enseigne – une enseigne (naval lieutenant – sign);
• Un faune - une faune (faun - fauna);
• Un gîte – une gîte (housing – the list of the ship);
• Un mémoire – une mémoire (written work – memory);
• Un solde - une solde (balance, account balance - salary);
• Un vapeur – une vapeur (steamer – steam);
• Un manœuvre – une manœuvre (handyman – maneuver).

Suffixes that form nouns

So, let's turn our attention to the suffixes with which nouns are formed in French. To begin with, the suffixes of masculine nouns:

• – age:un bavardage (chatter). BUT une rage (rage), une page (page), une cage (cell), une plage (beach), une image (picture);
• – eau:un chapeau (hat). BUT une peau (skin);
• – on:un mouton (lamb, lamb). BUT une leçon (lesson), une façon (style), une chanson (song);
• – oir:un tiroir (drawer);
• – isme:un mécanisme (mechanism);
• – ment:un gouvernement (government);
• – gramme:un kilogramme (kilogram);
• – ail:un travail (work);
• – ain:un refrain (chorus);
• – er:un boucher (butcher);
• – ard:un vieillard (old man);
• – as:un matelas (mattress);
• – at:un goujat (boorish);
• – et:un paquet (package);
• – ier:un cerisier (cherry tree);
• – in:un boudin (spiral);
• – teur:un interpréteur (performer);
• – is: un iris (iris).

In addition to the above, remember that all seasons, days of the week, months, names of trees, metals and languages ​​are all masculine. Also, the following nouns are expressed in the masculine gender:

• un abîme – abyss
• un sulfamide – sulfamide
• un en-tête – form
• un planisphère – planisphere
• un armistice - truce
• un svastika - swastika
• un éclair – lightning
• un équinoxe – equinox
• un tentacule - tentacle
• un effluve – fluid
• un haltère – dumbbell
• un élastique – clothing elastic
• un intervalle – interval
• un emplâtre – plaster
• un metéore – meteor
• un alveole – alveolus
• un antidote - antidote
• un emblème - emblem
• un hemisphere – hemisphere
• un tubercule – tuber
• un iris – iris
• un obélisque – obelisk
• un ventricule - ventricle of the heart
• un petale – petal

And now the suffixes of feminine nouns:

• – té:une santé (health);
• – ité:une fraternité (brotherhood);
• – tion/sion/xion:une libération (liberation);
• – ade:une estrade (elevation);
• – aille:une volaille (poultry);
• – eille:une oreille (ear);
• – tude: une negritude (blackness);
• – ette: une fourchette (fork); BUT un squelette (skeleton);
• – erie: une parfumerie (perfumery);
• – esse: une politesse (politeness);
• – ance/ – ence: une absence (absence); BUT un silence (silence);
• – ure: une structure (structure);
• – aine: une dizaine (ten);
• – aison: une livraison (delivery);
• – ande: une réprimande (reprimand);
• – ée:une année (year); BUT un lycée (lyceum), un musée (museum);
• – ie/aie:une maladie (illness); BUT un incendie (fire);
• – ise:une surprise (surprise);
• – eur: denotes quality une chaleur (heat); BUT un bonheur – un malheur (happiness – misfortune), un honneur (honor) and un labeur (hard work);
• – trice:une directrice (direction line).

The following nouns are only feminine:

• une dartre - ringworm
• une stalactite - stalactite
• une oriflamme - banner - military banner
• une interview - interview
• une metéorite - meteorite
• une éphéméride – tear-off calendar
• une écumoire – slotted spoon
• une algèbre – algebra
• une appendicite - appendicitis
• une amibe - amoeba
• une acoustique - acoustics
• une amnistie - amnesty
• une écritoire – writing instrument
• une acne - acne on the face, pimple
• une anicroche – hitch, obstacle
• une épithète – epithet
• une espèce – kind of animal
• une escarre – scab
• une oasis - oasis
• une caténaire – contact network

As for the plural of French nouns, we discussed it in detail in a special article. Let us just briefly recall that the plural is usually formed with the ending –s: un ami (friend) – des amis (friends).

If in singular the noun has the ending –s, -x, -z, then in the plural it remains the same: un nez (nose) – des nez (noses).

If a singular noun ends in –au, -eau, -eu, then in the plural the ending –s is added: un jeu (game) – des jeux (games).

This is what it is - a noun in French. We hope you found a lot of useful information in this lesson. See you again!

In French, there are masculine and feminine genders of nouns.

1. The most common way to form the feminine gender of nouns is to add the ending -e to the masculine noun, for example:

• un Anglais - Englishman, une Anglaise - Englishwoman;
• un voisin - neighbor, une voisine - neighbor;
• un serveur - waiter, une serveuse - waitress.

2. Nouns ending in silent -e do not change in the feminine gender, for example:

• un violoniste - violinist, une violoniste - violinist;
• un complice - accomplice, une complice - accomplice;
• un réaliste - realist, une réaliste - realist.

3. Nouns ending in -er in the masculine gender receive the ending -ère in the feminine gender, for example:

• le banquier - banker (bank employee), la banquière - bank employee;
• le cuisinier - cook, la cuisinière - cook;
• le couturier - tailor, la couturière - seamstress.

4. If a masculine noun ends with a nasal vowel, then when forming the feminine gender, a silent -e is added, and the ending loses its nasal sound.

• un copain - friend, une copine - friend;
• un amant - lover, une amante - mistress.

5. When forming a feminine noun from a masculine noun that ends in -en, -ien, -on, as well as in the word paysan, a silent -e is added. In this case –n is doubled, for example:

• le végétarien - vegetarian, la végétarienne - vegetarian;
• le chien – dog, la chienne – dog;
• le paysan - peasant, la paysanne - peasant woman.

6. If a feminine noun is formed from a masculine noun with the ending -f, then a silent -e is added and the ending changes -v. The vowel before the ending becomes long, for example:

• le actif - activist, la active - activist.

Gender of adjectives

In French, adjectives can be masculine or feminine.

1. One way to form a feminine adjective is to add -e to a masculine adjective, for example:

• fort – strong, forte – strong;
• principal - main, principale - main;
• capital – main, capitale – main.

2. If a feminine adjective is formed from a masculine adjective that ends in -c (pronounceable), then in the feminine adjective the ending will change to -que, for example:

• public - public, publique - public.

But if the ending -c is silent, then the feminine adjective receives the ending -che, for example:

• blanc - white, blanche - white.

3. If a masculine adjective has the ending -f, then when forming a feminine adjective, it receives the ending -ve:

• neuf - new, neuve - new.

4. If a masculine adjective has the ending -g, then in the feminine gender it changes to the ending -gue:

• long – long, longue – long.

5. Adjectives that have the ending -al in the masculine gender, when formed in the feminine gender, receive the ending -ale, for example:

• amical – friendly, amicale – friendly.

6. The ending of masculine adjectives -el when changing to the feminine form -elle. In addition, -ul becomes -ulle, but the pronunciation remains the same:

• cruel - cruel, cruelle - cruel.

7. If an adjective ends in -eil, then when formed in the feminine gender it receives the ending -eille, but the pronunciation does not change, for example:

• pareil – similar, pareille – similar.

8. If in the masculine gender an adjective has the ending -il, then in the feminine gender it acquires the ending -ile, for example:

• civil - civil, civile - civil.

9. The ending -n when forming the feminine gender becomes -ne, but adjectives ending in -on change the ending to -onne, for example:

• fin – thin, fine – thin.

The exception is: paysan - peasant, paysanne - peasant.

10. The ending -ien becomes feminine in the ending -ienne:

• Italien - Italian, Italienne - Italian.

11. If a masculine adjective has a silent ending -er, then in the feminine gender add -e and the sign “`”:

• premier - first, première - first.

12. The ending -eur changes to -euse, for example:

• rieur - funny, rieuse - funny.

13. The ending -teur in the masculine gender changes to -touse in the feminine if it is formed from a verb that has a -t in the infinitive before the ending, for example:

• flotteur - floating, flottouse - floating.

14. The remaining adjectives with the ending -teur in the masculine gender, which are not formed from verbs with -t in the root, receive the ending - trice:

• protecteur - protective, protectrice - protective.

13. The ending -s changes to the ending -se, for example: gris - gray, grise - gray. Exceptions to this rule are:

• frais – fresh, fraiche – fresh;
• tiers – third, tierce – third.

15. When forming the feminine gender, some adjectives double -s, such as:

• gros – thick, grosse – thick;
• gras – fat, grasse – fat;
• las – tired, lasse – tired;
• métis - mixed, métisse - mixed;
• exprès – decisive, expresse – decisive;
• épais – thick, épaisse – thick;
• profès - one who has made a vow, professe - one who has made a vow.
• bas – low, basse – low.

16. Adjectives in the masculine gender that end in -et, in the feminine gender take on the ending -ette:

• coquet - charming, coquette - charming.

There are ten adjectives that end in -et, but in the feminine form receive the ending -ète, namely:

• complet – filled, complète – filled;
• concret – specific, concrète – specific;
• secret - secret, secrete - secret;
• incomplèt – unfinished, incomplète – unfinished;
• indiscret – immodest, indiscrète – immodest;
• inquiet – restless, inquiète – restless;
• désuet – outdated, désuète – outdated;
• discret – modest, discrète – modest;
• quiet – calm, quiète calm;
• replet - portly, replète - portly.