How time can be distorted. How the body might react when switching to a healthy diet Our planet could die if the Earth's core cools
5 928 Life exists on Earth only due to a delicate and incredible balance. Our atmosphere, proximity to the Sun, and many other wonderful coincidences not only allow living things to survive and develop, but also to thrive. And yet, here we are, sitting at tables, in cafes and walking down the street, as if this is not some kind of extraordinary miracle. But all good things come to an end one day. One day the Earth will be inhospitable to anything resembling life as we know it. Life on this planet will probably not end for billions of years. But, depending on the vagaries of astrophysics, this could happen tomorrow or at any other time. Here are some ways scientists say the Earth could die. The Earth is surrounded by a protective magnetic shield called the magnetosphere. The field is generated by the Earth's rotation, which twists a thick shell of liquid iron and nickel (the outer core) around a solid ball of metal (the inner core), creating a giant electrical dynamo. The magnetosphere deflects energetic particles that come from the Sun, changing its size and shape. The resulting stream of high-energy particles that crash into Earth's air can cause beautiful auroras or sometimes devastating geomagnetic storms. But if the core cools, we will lose our magnetosphere, as well as our protection from the solar winds, which will slowly blow our atmosphere away into space. Once rich in water and a thick atmosphere, it suffered this same fate billions of years ago, leading to the nearly airless, seemingly lifeless world we know today. The sun and our position relative to it are perhaps the most an important part our precarious existence. But the Sun is still a star. And the stars die. It is now halfway through its life, steadily turning hydrogen into helium. However, this will not last forever. Billions of years later, the sun will run out of hydrogen and begin burning helium. This reaction will push the layers of the Sun outward and possibly begin to pull the Earth towards the Sun. The earth will burn and then evaporate. The expansion of the Sun will push the Earth out of orbit. It will die as a rogue planet, unattached to any star and drifting through the void. When it comes to rogue planets, they are worlds that stray from their solar systems during formation. According to recent simulations, ghost planets may actually outnumber stars by 100,000 to one. One of these rogue planets could drift in and destabilize the Earth into an extreme and unfavorable orbit. A world big enough and close enough might even push us out of solar system. Or cause us to collide with a nearby planet such as Venus or Mercury. As a rogue planet, Earth will become ice ball. And a significant gravitational push could also lead to extreme and deadly times, alternating between very cold and very hot. Or, instead of simply passing through and destroying Earth's orbit, the drifting world could have made a direct impact. This would be unprecedented. About 4.5 billion years ago, a small planet crashed into big planet in the solar system - forming the Earth and. The new collision will similarly send debris flying throughout the solar system and melt the Earth 100%. And while the new planet will eventually reform and cool, whether it will be habitable is anyone's guess. Asteroids from space can be quite destructive, as large as the one that likely wiped out the dinosaurs, although it would take many asteroids to destroy an entire planet. This is one of Hollywood's favorite themes for apocalypse films. However, it can happen. The Earth was heavily bombarded by asteroids for hundreds of millions of years after its formation. The impact was so intense that the oceans boiled for an entire year. At this point, all life was single-celled, and only the most heat-resistant microbes survived. Today's life forms almost certainly won't do this. Temperatures could reach over 900 degrees Fahrenheit for weeks if we suffered a similar beating. Black holes may be Hollywood's second favorite form of death. It's not hard to guess why. They are as mysterious as they are frightening. Even their name sounds ominous. There is still a lot we don't know about them, but we do know that they are so dense that not even light can escape the event horizon. And scientists think that discarded black holes are roaming the cosmos, just like rogue planets. Incredibly, one of these holes could pass through our solar system. A small Black Hole could pass the Earth harmlessly, but anything larger than the mass of the Moon would cause big problems. If light can't escape, Earth definitely can't. There are two ideas about what might happen after the point of no return, given a large enough black hole. Beyond the event horizon, atoms can stretch until they are completely torn apart. Other physicists suggest that we will go straight to the end or end up in a completely different one. Even if a rogue Black Hole doesn't hit the Earth itself, it could pass close enough to cause earthquakes and other destruction, knock us out of the Solar System, or send us crashing into the Sun. Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are one of the most powerful phenomena in the Universe. Most of them are the result of the destruction of massive stars as they die. One short explosion can emit more energy than our Sun does over its entire life. This energy could deplete the ozone layer, flood the Earth with dangerous ultraviolet light and cause rapid global cooling. In fact, a gamma-ray burst may have caused the first mass extinction on Earth 440 million years ago. Fortunately, David Thompson, deputy project director at the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope, said National Geographic that GRB do not represent big problem. He said the risk was equivalent to "the danger I might face if I found polar bear in my closet in Bowie, Maryland." This is something that could actually end the entire universe, not just . A mysterious force called dark energy is accelerating and accelerating the Universe. If it accelerates as it does now, perhaps in 22 billion years the force that holds atoms together will fail—and all the matter in the universe will dissolve into radiation. Perhaps some microbes will survive to resurrect more complex life. But if our destruction is absolute, we can at least hope that somewhere out there there are other universes and some other intelligent one.1. Our planet could die if the Earth's core cools
2. The sun may begin to die and expand
3. The Earth could fall into a deadly orbit
4. A rogue planet could strike Earth
5. Asteroids can bombard the planet
6. A wandering black hole may approach Earth
7. Earth's atmosphere could be destroyed in a gamma-ray burst
8. The universe could rip apart in its final “Big Rip”
Domestic and foreign doctors claim that the electrocardiogram as such, the procedure itself, is harmless to human body. Its harm lies only in the non-systemic use of an ECG - an unscheduled examination using this device can contribute to the incorrect diagnosis of the patient.
When is it better not to undergo this examination?
Candidate of Medical Sciences A.V. Rodionov believes that there are many situations when an ECG is not necessary, it is unnecessary. This is especially true for children and young people - every growing organism has a mass individual characteristics development, and if a competent attending physician has not prescribed an electrocardiogram, you should not engage in amateur activities.
Rodionov assures that healthy man there is no need for an ECG - undergoing this procedure as unnecessary is harmful in terms of possible subsequent incorrect interpretation of the results: a physician with low qualifications can “consider” a “serious pathology” on the heartbeat gradation tape, which will then have to be “seriously treated.”
Anton Vladimirovich is convinced that for a professional physician, a banal measurement of pressure and familiarization with the results of banal tests is enough to decide whether a patient should have an ECG or not.
Is a cardiogram in itself dangerous?
Cardiologist Rakesh K. Pai, MD, says an electrocardiogram "may show heart problems that would make an exercise ECG unsafe." In fact, Pai’s colleagues in this sense are more in favor of professional suitability - Domenico Corrado, Cristina Basso, Antonio Pellecchia and Gaetano Tiene, authors of the collection “Sports and cardiovascular diseases", are seriously concerned about the problem of adequate interpretation and timely diagnosis of heart disease using ECG. This book provides many examples where misdiagnosis by unqualified physicians of the consequences of injuries contributed to the false interpretation of ECG results, which, in turn, then harmed the health of athletes.
To find out everything, you need to behave correctly
As confirmed by a doctor of the highest category, Zakir Anvarovich Khannanov, an ECG is prescribed by a doctor if the patient himself complains of heart pain or problems at work of cardio-vascular system were identified as a result of a medical examination. So that the electrocardiogram does not “go wrong” and ultimately harm the patient himself, doctors do not advise unnecessarily physically loading the body before the ECG: the heart should work as usual before the examination, without extremes.
According to therapist Z. A. Khannanov, the “harm” from an ECG lies primarily in improper preparation patient for this procedure. Before undergoing an electrocardiogram, you should not smoke, drink coffee or strong tea(caffeine will in any case affect the test results). It is advisable not to eat anything for 2 hours before the ECG. It is better not to use oil-fat creams applied to the body after a shower before taking an electrocardiogram: the electrodes have difficulty contacting the “oiled” skin, which complicates the process of obtaining an ECG.
A balanced diet is a hot topic. IN modern world It's fashionable to be healthy and successful. Dr. Stanley Bass devoted almost his entire life to the topic of healthy nutrition.
The scientist began experimenting with foods at the age of 19, reasoning that “A person is what he eats.” This is perhaps the longest-running study by an American naturopath, and has been going on for 80 years.
According to Stanley himself and his associates, the main difficulty in the transition to healthy eating, is an intermediate physiological state of a person.
How to become healthy through nutrition?
At first glance, everything is clear: sprouted cereal grains are healthier than buns, and fresh vegetables will give the body more vitamins than thermally processed ones. Beef is not as fatty as pork, and, therefore, is easier to digest and puts less work on the liver. Even more useful substances will enter the body with nuts and legumes.
Moving up the scale of food priorities, we include in the diet foods that are rich in proteins, but do not require heat treatment. Healthy: cheese made from raw milk no salt, sunflower and pumpkin seeds, raw nuts.
By eating fresh foods, we charge the body with vitality. No heat treatment 
guarantees the supply of enzymes, amino acids, minerals, vitamins and carbohydrates to the body in the maximum amount. Thus, the process of tissue repair is activated.
In an effort to heal the body by improving the quality of food, you should say goodbye to such not very healthy additives as salt, sugar and pepper, and also say “goodbye” bad habits: alcohol and tobacco. Coffee, cocoa and chocolate are essentially toxins and hinder healthy transformations.
To launch the recovery processes function, it is very important to follow the following rules:
- balanced nutrition (proper combination of proportions and selection of the right products);
- following the order in which you eat foods (eat easily digestible foods first, complex foods second, and leave concentrated foods for last);
- optimal volume of each type of product in a single dose;
- meal schedule (based on the feeling of hunger).
Exacerbations during the transition to a healthy diet
Having cleared the refrigerator of food of dubious benefit and gone on a diet, a person expects a surge of strength, relief from ailments, the formation of a slender silhouette, clear skin, thick and shiny hair.
But in practice, amazing metamorphoses occur. A person, switching to eating healthy and high-quality products, begins to feel weakness and apathy, the body is tormented by nausea and diarrhea, and the skin is covered with a rash. I would like to forget about nutritional science horrible dream, pour a good portion of coffee into your stomach and snack on a bar of chocolate.
Don't give up so quickly. The secret of an imaginary deterioration in health lies in the natural wisdom of the body. The evolutionary process is that every cell prefers good to bad, and best to good. Natural instinct pushes out accumulated rubbish from within: toxins, waste, residual elements of countless medicines. In the end, the tissues themselves become “morally obsolete components” that need to be replaced with qualitatively new substances coming from healthy products. Brick by brick, atom by atom, the body is being rebuilt. It’s like during a renovation: they rip off the wallpaper, scratch the walls, and the visual impression reveals complete destruction. But now the renovation is complete, the garbage has been thrown out, the floors and windows have been washed... the room becomes cozy, clean and beautiful. The same processes occur in the body.
Just as foam forms on the crest of a wave, so all hidden diseases are washed away by the new way of life. They go outside and are annulled. The temperature may suddenly rise. But, later a short time All will pass. This is how “dirt” comes out, diseases “nailed” by medicines. They simply leave the body. There is no place left for them in the new body.
How long does it take for the body to rebuild when changing its diet?
From infancy, every member of society is imposed a set of rules: you need to eat at certain hours, you should drink coffee in the morning, best breakfast- bacon and eggs. The mentality that has been formed over years and decades requires adherence to traditions, and the process of renewal of the body is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms.
You're already drinking clean water and fresh juices, eat raw vegetables and nuts. Beneficial substances displace accumulated toxins, and cells are renewed and healed.
Waste materials leave the body through sweat, vomiting, diarrhea and unpleasant odors. It is not a fact that the whole range of “delights” will fall on every follower of naturopathy, but it is quite possible.
You should be wise and rest more if you feel weak. When the body is prevented from healing, it always strives to “put to sleep” the consciousness so that it does not interfere with the fight for survival. Rest more and your body will rebuild itself faster.
For decades, the body has been stimulated by tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, alcohol and tobacco. And suddenly all these products disappeared from the diet. During the period of restructuring and adaptation, this list of products will not be enough. Without doping, most people feel low energy and irritable. The main secret is that the unpleasant sensations will soon pass and the joy of life will return. And your physical condition will reach a qualitatively new level.
Changes occur not only in every cell of the body, but also in the brain.
If you know main secret- all difficulties can be overcome. It takes 40 days to form a habit. The brain, like an idle caretaker with a huge ledger, conducts a daily inventory: the habit of drinking coffee is eating... The habit is eating, but coffee is not. A feeling of discomfort arises in the body. For 40 days the body will require doping. But after the expiration of the specified period it will become easier and, on the contrary, an accidental cup of coffee will cause dizziness and rapid heartbeat. Why? Because now an item has been established on the list of habits: healthy eating.
You need to be prepared for a deterioration in your general condition within 40 days. But if the restructuring only takes a week, 
so much the better, we can consider this a pleasant bonus from the body.
In some cases, the transformation occurs in spurts. The trend towards improvement is replaced by periods of malaise. This is fine. By showing patience, you will be rewarded with: good health and longevity, quality of life and high performance.
Renewal of the body is accompanied by high emotional pleasure. You begin to feel gratitude to God and unity with Nature. Call it what you want. Feel like a piece of the Cosmos, a component of the Universe. Happiness and pleasure from life will fill your entire being to the very edge.
Surgical contraception (sterilization) is one of the most common methods of birth control in the world. According to statistics in Canada, the Netherlands, the UK and New Zealand, 18% of men have undergone a vasectomy procedure, and a quarter of them are married. This surgical procedure is most popular among men aged 40-49 years.
A vasectomy is not castration. The only common consequence of both procedures is infertility. In 99% of cases, pregnancy does not occur with unprotected contact. For several months after the operation, you need to continue to use protection, since there is a possibility that there are sperm remaining in the seminal ducts.
In some cases, a vasectomy may be reversible. If you perform an operation to restore the patency of the seminal ducts (vasovasostomy) within a 10-year period after the previous intervention, then the chances of becoming a father reach 55%. After 10 years, the likelihood of this greatly decreases. In addition, after sterilization, the number of sperm and their motility decreases. The seminal fluid itself can also acquire undesirable changes, and even successful reconstructive surgery does not guarantee fertility. [C-BLOCK]
Actor George Clooney had a vasectomy in 1997, and he had reconstruction surgery in 2014. It was successful: despite the long period of time between the two surgical interventions, Clooney was able to become a father.
In 2014, the world was shocked by the results of a study by Harvard scientists who concluded that sterilization increases the risk of prostate cancer. In 2017, a work by scientists from the American Cancer Society was published, in which this hypothesis was refuted.
American scientists spent several decades analyzing data from 364 thousand men who were about 40 years old at the start of the study in 1982. 42 thousand of them had a vasectomy. Over 30 years, 7,400 people died out of the total. It turned out that the rates of cancer did not differ between those who underwent sterilization and those who did not undergo this operation. But whether the men smoked and whether they had excess weight, influenced the occurrence of tumors. Sterilization does not cause testicular cancer. [C-BLOCK]
In the 1980s, several studies came out that suggested that libido may decrease after surgery.
Now, most urologists believe that libido in those who have had a vasectomy remains at the same level. The man still produces hormones, he has a normal erection, even the number and appearance The ejaculate remains unchanged - the only difference is that there are no more sperm in the ejaculate.
Psychologists believe that there may even be an increase in intimate activity because fear disappears unwanted pregnancy partners. A man becomes liberated - he no longer needs to think about possible failures contraception.
Women also begin to trust a man more, perceive him as “sharing” the traditional concerns about contraception that fall on her, and as being attentive to family planning. Men who already have children often undergo surgery. In addition, male sterilization is easier to carry out than female sterilization. [C-BLOCK]
Approximately 90% of men who have a vasectomy are satisfied with the results. Some, however, experience depression and impotence, but these problems have psychological character and are treated therapeutically.
The operation itself takes about half an hour and is performed through small incisions or in a minimally invasive way - through a puncture in the scrotum. The surgeon separates the ends of the ducts and “seals” them with a laser.
Sometimes after the procedure it is necessary to apply cooling compresses for some time; painful sensations are also noted, which soon disappear. There is also the so-called post-vasectomy pain syndrome in Western practice. It can develop even several years after surgery and be chronic. Is it constant or occurs during ejaculation, physical activity pain. In rare cases, as with any surgical intervention, undesirable consequences may occur: hematomas (hemorrhages), postoperative infections.
Vasectomy works well in couples when the partners are healthy and faithful to each other, because it does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. So, even after sterilization, it is better for Casanovas to continue to use condoms and get tested regularly.
The last hour of the working day always drags on slowly, vacation ends quickly, and in the company of friends time flies by. The perception of time is constantly changing.
Time flow
“Time is money,” says the old proverb. Today, in the age of communications and rapidly developing technologies, time is more important than ever. People have learned to measure it with maximum accuracy.
Atomic clocks are accurate to less than a second in 60 million years, and microseconds are the primary measure of time in radar.
In our picture of the world, time is a smoothly flowing stream, with a starting point at one date or another: the Birth of Jesus Christ, the migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, the founding of Rome and even the creation of the world.
However, this was not always the case. For example, the ancient Greeks imagined time moving in one place, like a firmament of stars, rotating above the world equally and unchanged.
They had no concept of progress. There was not even a chronology as such: the notorious counting of the Olympics was used only by historians to organize the sequence of events. And among the Amazonian tribe Amondava, who still lives today, the abstract concept of time is simply absent. In the language of these Indians there was not even a separate word for time, month and year. Of course, they build a sequence of events in their speech, but time as a separate category does not exist for them.
Subjective factor
Time is perceived by each person subjectively: perception changes depending on the life period. So, time goes slower or, on the contrary, speeds up depending on our emotions. Describing a moment of danger associated with the risk of life, people say: “your whole life flashed before your eyes!” And this statement is often close to the truth. In extreme situations, the brain begins to work faster and reproduces the most vivid memories.
The experience of base jumping athletes shows that the human brain remembers much more images during a jump than in ordinary life.
Our perception of time can be affected by: fear, age, body temperature, isolation and concentration. To people watching a parachutist, the time of his jump seems very short, but when jumping independently, on the contrary, the flight was long. When you are sick or in an isolated room, time seems to “crawl like a snail,” but in a state of concentrated work, on the contrary, it flies by unnoticed.
Internal alarm clock
Man and many animals have their own inherent sense of time. Thus, South American hummingbirds that feed on flower nectar are able to count exactly twenty minutes, during which the flower will again be filled with sugary juice, and fly up to it again. According to one of the most popular hypotheses, in the human body and many animals certain organs are responsible for one or another manifestation of this sense of internal time.
In particular, different parts of the brain. The cerebellum in our body coordinates movements and perceives the smallest periods of time. The frontal lobe of the brain is where the ability to hold something in memory is formed.
Studying the behavior of people with distorted perception time, scientists have found that the perception of time greater than two seconds is associated with the basal ganglia between the frontal lobes of the brain.
Another part of the brain is responsible for the ability to sense physiological processes in your own body, such as your heartbeat. And the intensity of signals entering the brain from different senses also affects our perception of time. If the number of signals accelerates (with fear, temperature), then the sequence of emotional moments should also accelerate, “ internal time”, and therefore “external” - slow down.
However, we do not have a separate organ responsible for the perception of time. A special science, chronobiology, deals with periodic processes occurring in living organisms. The subject of her study is that very “internal time” that operates in a person regardless of light, darkness and time of day.
Visualization of time in space
Each of us imagines certain periods of time in our own way. Psychologists have proven that this picture is formed in childhood and does not change. The image of a timeline is especially important when studying history. However, this tape itself is in images different people looks different: for some it is directed from top to bottom, for others from left to right.
Sometimes a specific decade or century becomes associated with a specific event: adolescence, war or era... And the year is most often represented in the shape of a circle or oval. Moreover, the movement of time most often occurs in such representations from left to right, as is customary in European culture. Consequently, our perception of time is also influenced by our language, our writing system.
"The Vacation Paradox"
Immediately after the vacation, it seems that it flew by very quickly: compared to the time of waiting, the accumulation of money and the number of worries, this is a very short period. However, when you arrive home, you are overcome with the feeling that you have not been here for ages. Researcher Claudia Hammond cites the phrase that time filled interesting events, seems short when it flows, but long when we look back at it in the past. On the other hand, time that is not filled with events seems long while it is moving, and short when we think about it afterwards. Thus, impressions and temporal milestones play a key role in the perception (and distortion!) of time.
Time in our minds is often distorted: sometimes it slows down, sometimes on the contrary it flows too quickly. The reasons for this lie in the fact that our brain is actively working to create a subjective sense of time. Attention, memory and emotions help him in this. If the brain concentrates on time itself, it begins to drag on; if it gets carried away with something else, it flies by quickly. If nothing new happens that the memory could cling to, then later it will seem that this time has flown by quickly. We will never gain complete power over time, but the better we know it, the easier it is to subordinate time to our own destiny.
