Gorodets painting flowers how to draw step by step. Gorodets painting for beginning artists: necessary tools and materials for painting, as well as stages of making flowers with detailed video lessons

Everyone greetings! Today we have art on our agenda. Do you have any painted wooden bowl or spoon in bright golden-red colors in your home? Or maybe you inherited a joyful rocking horse with patterns? Then perhaps you already know what Gorodets painting is.

Well, if you still have a little meager idea about the Gorodets masters, then I suggest you get acquainted with their interesting creativity closer.

Lesson plan:

Where did Gorodets art come from?

The history of one of the highest achievements of folk art - Gorodets painting - began in the 19th century. Peasants lived on both banks of the Volga River in villages named Kurtsevo, Savino, Koskovo and others, who made carved spinning wheels and sold them at fairs.

And they decorated this carving to make their creations brighter.

Later decorative pattern and completely replaced wood carving from the spinning wheels, and such painted art began to be called “Nizhny Novgorod painting”, and the masters themselves were called “Kurtsev dyers”.

This is interesting! Not everyone knows that the development of wood carving in Gorodets is due to Peter I, who asked each ship to be decorated with wooden carvings, showing the Russian power and talent of the Russian people. When construction moved closer to the seashores in the 18th century, Russian craftsmen found another use for their talent - they began to make spoons and bowls, cups and spinning wheels from wood.

It is believed that Gorodets painting flourished with the appearance in the village of Kurtsevo in 1870 of an icon painter from Gorodets named Ogurechnikov, who was invited to revive the painting of the Kurtsevo church. It was he who taught local craftsmen to apply paint in layers, enliven the picture with whitewash and give expressiveness to the drawing.

Starting painting with spinning wheels, Kurtsev craftsmen slowly began to hone their acquired skills on dishes, baskets, toys for children, and boxes. Unique lush bouquets, black horses, and strange birds appeared in the houses. They “drank tea” and “had festivities” on the tree.

Only in the 30s of the 20th century did the name of this painting on wood appear, which today we know and hear - “Gorodets painting”, and all thanks to the fact that such decorated household utensils were sold in the nearby town of Gorodets, and workshops operated.

There's a girl on the board

Or a daring fellow,

Miracle horse and miracle bird, -

So this is Gorodets!

How is Gorodets painting different?

It is difficult to confuse Gorodets craftsmanship with another, because this particular painting is replete with bright garlands and lush bouquets. Only here you will see all the pompousness of the plots along with the sincerity of the common people.

One has only to look at the objects painted in the Gorodets style, and you will immediately find yourself:

• on a walk as a horse rider;
• at the table during tea drinking, surrounded by rich decoration;
• together with hunters in the forest;
• in a circle of cheerful and carefree city people;
• or at the spinning wheel.

In addition to depicting the life of peasants and merchants, Gorodets artists could depict mystical animals. But no matter what theme was present in the drawing, it was always decorated with garlands of flowers.

From the very beginning, Gorodets painting was applied with egg paints in the form of large spots, without contours. Masters could make free-form brushstrokes, then outlining the elements with a black or white line. Favorite background colors:

• green;
• bright red;
• black;
• juicy blue.

Today, craftsmen in factories use oil paints what gives them more variety color, but the features of the Gorodets painting motifs have been preserved. The technology of painting on wood has also remained the same.

Yellow evening, black horse,

And the baths are like fire,

Birds look from the casket -

This is a painting of Gorodets!

How to draw in Gorodets

Gorodets craftsmen have their own technology for painting on wood. Initially, artists use a pencil to draw a thin line over the future drawing, outlining the location of its elements and their dimensions. The wooden base can be pre-coated with primer paint in one of the shades - red, yellow or black. Professionals do not waste time on sketching, but paint straight away.

For Gorodets painting, a special paint is used - tempera, which is made from natural or artificial powders. Sometimes craftsmen use gouache as an assistant and add PVA glue to it. But whatever the paint, the most important thing is its rich color, which is what distinguishes the painting from Gorodets.

The basis of all elements is drawn in white, this is called shading. Then on light tone details are applied with thin strokes. They do this with dark shades, which is why this step is called shading. On last stage drawing with the help of the thinnest brush they do the so-called preparation black paint and revitalization with white paint in the form of dots and shading.

When finished work completely dry, it is coated with varnish. In general, it’s not that difficult. Want to try? Then read about what Gorodets masters usually paint.

Where are the buckets and rocking horses?

Very joyful colors

These are all wonderful works

Gorodets masters.

Gorodets compositions

Gorodets painting has three types of designs.

Flower theme

The simplest and therefore often used. It can be a single flower with leaves or a floral pattern in the form of bouquets, flower garlands, diamonds, stripes and wreaths. Bouquets are often drawn on kitchen boards and tableware, glasses, bowls and salt shakers.

Garlands are found on bread bins, furniture for children and souvenir boxes. Flower rhombuses decorate cabinets and benches. Stripes are used for painting three-dimensional objects, for example, to decorate a round box, or as an edging in a plot. The edges of the product are often painted with wreaths.

Composition with drawing of a bird or horse

It is often used to paint large items - tableware, bread bins, children's furniture, but sometimes this theme can also be seen on an ordinary spoon. Such images look very beautiful on a black or red background.

Plot

The most difficult painting, which can be dedicated to dates or a feast, fairy tales or modern life. Typically, such drawings are elongated along a horizontal line. The picture may consist of several parts, separated by columns, curtains or other interior items. Sometimes in one story you can see several characters in different rooms.

Gorodets artists always depict grooms on horseback, and brides standing near birch trees. In scenes with a feast, the tables are always full of dishes, and the obligatory symbol on them is a samovar. Sometimes Gorodets artists paint entire villages with houses, wells, streets, and churches.

Today modern masters The Gorodets Painting factories continue old traditions, creating masterpieces of artistic crafts in the form of boxes, bread bins, toys and furniture.

Flowers drawn

Unprecedented beauty.

There is no end to that beauty

This is all from Gorodets!

You can learn even more about the history of painting, see how real masters work and admire their works by watching this video.

So you got to know Gorodets painting better. If you are interested, you can now try to make a beautiful holiday gift for your mother with your own hands by painting a cutting board or box in the Gorodets style.

Well, for your teacher and classmates the best gift will be your interesting research project, dedicated to the work of Gorodets masters.

Good luck in your studies!

Evgenia Klimkovich.

TOOLKIT

for art lessons

"Gorodets painting"

atreader primary classes Rudakova Alla Nikolaevna

MBOU Secondary School No. 4, Anapa,

Krasnodar region

Story

Gorodets painting originates from Gorodets , which had their own peculiarity: a ridge and a bottom. To decorate the Donets, Gorodets craftsmen used a unique technique - : figures were cut out of a different type of wood and inserted into a recess corresponding to the shape. Inserts made from dark stained , stand out in relief on the light surface of the bottom. Thus, having only two shades of wood and a simple tool, folk craftsmen turned the surface of the bottom board into a real picture.

Later, craftsmen began to use tinting for visual richness, a bright combination of yellow with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, and red colors made the bottom even more elegant and colorful. A famous master of inlaid bottoms with tinting was .

The need to increase the production of spinning bottoms prompted the craftsmen to simplify the technique decorative design. From the second half the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay began to be replaced by simply carving with tinting, and since the 1870s, the picturesque style of decoration has prevailed on the Gorodets Donets.

Peculiarities

In Nizhny Novgorod paintings, two types can be distinguished - Pavlovsk and Gorodets paintings, which were used to decorate chests, arcs, sleighs, children's furniture, bottoms for spinning wheels and many small items everyday life. The Gorodets style is distinguished primarily by its content. In the paintings, the main impression is given by genre scenes. All these images are conventional in nature, very free and decorative in form, and sometimes border on . This is everyday life , , a magnificent parade of costumes. A significant place is occupied by floral motifs - lush “roses”, painted broadly and decoratively. By expression the master became a true painter. V. S. Voronov also speaks about this, writing that “the Nizhny Novgorod manner presents us with the purest version of genuine pictorial art, which has overcome the framework of graphic captivity and is based exclusively on the elements of painting...” Along with genre realistic motifs, idealized ones also live in Gorodets paintings. decorative images of birds and animals.

There are exotic And . Especially often is the image of a hot, strong horse or rooster in a proud, warlike pose. Most often these are paired images, facing each other. The Gorodets master of painting loves flowers. They are scattered everywhere on the field of paintings with cheerful garlands and bouquets. Where the plot allows, the master willingly uses the motif of a lush curtain, picked up by a cord with tassels. The decorativeness of the motifs is emphasized by the decorativeness of color and techniques. Favorite backgrounds are bright green or intense red, deep blue, sometimes black, on which the multicolored Gorodets color splashes especially lushly. In characterizing the plot, whitened tones give rich shades of color transitions. Painting is done with a brush, without preliminary drawing, with a free and rich stroke. It is very diverse - from a broad stroke to the finest line and virtuoso stroke. The work of the master is fast and economical. Therefore, it is very generalized, simple in its techniques, and free in the movement of the brush. Characteristic of Gorodets are flower paintings, multicolored and expressive works by masters A. E. Konovalov and D. I. Kryukov.

History of Gorodets painting

The painting, which is now called Gorodets, was born in the Volga region, in villages located on the banks of the clean and bright Uzory River. In the villages of Koskovo, Kurtsevo, Khlebaikha, Repino, Savino, Boyarskoye, etc. In the 18th century. a center for the production of spinning bottoms and toys emerges. The peasants took their products to sell at a fair in the village of Gorodets. Therefore, the painting done on these products was called Gorodetskaya.

Dictionary Russian language V.I. Dalia explains that the word “bottom” means “a plank on which our spinner sits, sticking a comb into it.” Having finished the work, she took out the comb and hung the bottom on the wall, and it decorated the hut. Therefore, folk craftsmen paid Special attention decorating boards with carvings and paintings. The spinning wheel was a faithful companion throughout the peasant woman’s life. It often served as a gift: the groom gave it to the bride, the father to the daughter, the husband to the wife. Therefore, the bottom was chosen to be elegant and colorful, to the joy and surprise of everyone. The spinning wheel was passed down from generation to generation, it was taken care of and stored.
To decorate the boards, the craftsmen used a unique technique - inlay, which is very rarely found in folk art. The figures were cut out of a different type of wood and inserted into recesses corresponding to the shape. These inserts, made of dark bog oak, stood out in relief against the light surface of the bottom. Having wood in two shades and taking advantage of the most simple tool, folk craftsmen turned the bottom into a work of art.
Later, the craftsmen also began to use bottom tinting. The bright combination of a yellow background with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, and red colors made it elegant and colorful.
From the second half of the 19th century V. the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay was replaced by bracket carving with tinting, and then the pictorial manner of decoration began to predominate.
The subjects of ancient Gorodets painting were images of birds, flowers, horse riders, young ladies and gentlemen, and scenes from folk life.
Nowadays, the traditions of the old masters are being sought to be revived and enriched by folk craftsmen working at the Gorodets Painting factory of art products in the city of Gorodets. Among them there are laureates of the award named after. I.E. Repina. This is L.F. Bespalova, F.N. Kasatova, A.E. Konovalov, L.A. Kubatkina, T.M. Rukina, A.V. Sokolova.

Secrets of Gorodets masters

Tools and materials. For painting, it is advisable to have three brushes: squirrel brush (No. 2 or No. 3), core brush (No. 1 or No. 2) and flute brush (No. 2 or No. 3). A flute is a flat brush made of soft hair that is used for underpainting and framing.
Nowadays, Gorodets artists paint products with oil and tempera paints. It is better for schoolchildren to use gouache for this, since Gorodets painting is multi-layered, and gouache paints dry quickly and can be applied one on top of the other. You need to learn to draw on thick white paper.
It is best to have a set of gouache of 12 colors, of which you will need eight: black, white, scarlet, kraplak red (cherry), cobalt blue light (bright blue), yellow, chromium oxide and red iron oxide. One more paint is also needed - cinnabar (bright red), but it is not included in the kit.
To get the color scheme of Gorodets painting, you need to mix paints. In addition to those that are in the gouache set, you need to get four new paints: light blue, light pink, light ocher and Gorodets green (Fig. 1).
To get light blue, white paint(zinc white) add a little cobalt blue light (bright blue paint). Light pink is obtained by mixing white paint with cinnabar or white paint with scarlet. For light ocher, use light yellow and a little red iron oxide. Gorodets green paint is obtained by mixing yellow gouache, chromium oxide (dark green paint) and red iron oxide. The result should be a warm swamp green paint. All paints obtained must be creamy.
To mix new paints, take clean gouache jars. To prevent the paints from drying out, you need to add a little water to them as needed.

Elements, subjects and techniques of Gorodets painting.

At the beginning of training, it is very important to learn how to hold a brush correctly. It must be in a strictly vertical position relative to the work (Fig. 2). The elbow is fixed, and the hand is completely free to perform continuous plastic strokes, both on smooth planes and on spherical or cylindrical surfaces. While working, you can lean on your protruding little finger, lightly touching the product with it.

Ornament occupies a significant place in wood painting.

Ornament is a pictorial, graphic or sculptural decoration made from a combination of geometric, plant or animal elements.

The main elements of Gorodets painting are circles, brackets, dots, drops, arcs, strokes, and spirals.

It is important to understand the difference between the concepts of “pattern” and “ornament”.

Pattern - this is a drawing that is a combination of lines, colors, shadows (Fig. 4). They, brought into a certain system, rhythmically ordered, will make up the ornament (Fig. 5). When mastering painting of the pictorial type, to which Gorodetskaya belongs, we must remember that it is performed without first drawing the outline of the design.

Gorodets painting is carried out in three stages (Fig. 6).

The first one is underpainting , i.e. circular motion with the brush, applying one color spot. Underpainting is done with a wide flat brush - flute or squirrel brush No. 3. The main thing is to learn how to take the right amount of paint on the brush. If there is not enough paint, the underpainting will turn out pale and inexpressive; if there is a lot, then when it dries the paint will begin to peel off.
Second stage - shade (or shade), i.e. applying the brace. To draw a bracket correctly, first you just need to lightly touch the paper with the tip of the brush and draw a thin line; towards the middle, press the brush firmly, and finish the bracket again with a thin line. Make sure that the brush is perpendicular to the sheet of paper.

The third stage - revival (or bait), i.e. fine cutting of ornamental forms with white. Revivals are always applied to monochromatic silhouettes, which gives them some volume.
People begin to master Gorodets painting by painting flowers, which are depicted mainly in a circle.

Gorodets flowers are diverse

by color and shape.

Flowers in Gorodets painting are a symbol of health and prosperity.

Buds ( rice. 7) - a variety of Gorodets flowers. First, apply the main color spot (underpainting) in a circular motion with a brush. Then they begin the detailed development of the ornament (shadow). It is made in black, burgundy or kraplak red. Develop the bud by moving the brush, applying one color spot. The shape of the bud depends on how the brackets are positioned.

It may have one or more parentheses. If there are a lot of brackets, you need to start drawing with the smallest ones, gradually increasing them in size and bringing them closer to the edge of the underpainting. It must be remembered that the buds are always small in size. At the end, the revives are applied with white.

Kupavka (Fig. 8) is the most common flower in Gorodets ornament. Its underpainting is larger in size than the bud. They start painting with a small circle along its edge, then make a bracket inside the circle. Brackets are drawn along the edge of the underpainting, the same shape as the bracket inside the underpainting, only smaller in size. Brackets along its edge are drawn, starting from the center, gradually reducing them in size to the core. The final stage of painting - revitalization is usually done with whitewash. Applying the revival requires very careful and precise execution, so it must be done with a confident stroke with a thin brush.Rosan (Fig. 9) reflects the main characteristics of a flower, i.e. has petals and a pronounced center. Silhouette in the shape of a circle. The size may be larger than the kupavka. The center of the flower is drawn in the middle. The rose in the Gorodets painting is surrounded by brackets - petals of the same size, the color of which matches the color of the middle. The technique for painting the brackets is the same as for the kupavka.
The development options for revitalization are so diverse that it is difficult to name even the most common ones. Gorodets artists use dots, brackets, drops, and spirals.
Chamomile (Fig. 10) The flower is not complicated in its execution technique. Lightly touch the surface of the paper with the tip of the brush, leaving a thin mark on it. Then, without looking up from the paper, quickly apply and lift the brush. The result is a drop-like stroke - thin at the beginning and wide at the end. Like a rose, it has a core, only drop petals are drawn around it.
Rose (Fig. 11) the most complex flower. The painting begins with the underpainting - the main volume of the flower-circle; a central rounded petal is added to it at the bottom, followed by smaller petals in a circle down to the very core, which occupies the center of the upper part of the flower.

After the silhouette of the flower is created, they begin to develop it: the elements of the central part are limited by a large bracket and turned towards the core. The arc-bracket and the core in the upper part of the flower are painted in black, burgundy and red. The edges of the petals can be outlined with the same paint as the core.
The most difficult thing about a rose is its revival. Inside the arc-bracket, first draw a small bracket with a linear cut. Then two to four drops are drawn on both sides of the arc, depending on free space inside the arc. Small brackets are drawn outside the arc. Inside the arc-bracket you can draw stamen points.

Gorodets leaves (Fig. 12) are very diverse in shape, size and color. They are almost always arranged in groups of five, three or two leaves.

A simple Gorodets leaf is depicted as pumpkin seed. A more complex one is written like this: draw a smooth arc with a brush and connect it with a curved line, making sure that the sheet remains wide at one end. The leaves are always wide, rounded and splayed.
Leaves are depicted in two stages: with underpainting and animation. If the underpainting is done with Gorodets green paint, then the revival is done with black paint, if with Gorodets dark green paint, then white is added to the black revivals.

Gorodets bird (Fig. 13) is a symbol of family happiness. Birds are depicted in various options: this is a proud peacock, a frowning turkey, a cocky rooster, and a fairy-tale bird. They begin to write them with a smooth line depicting the bend of the neck and chest, then a line is drawn that defines the shape of the head and back, then the line of the wing, thread-like beak and legs are determined. Most often, the body is painted black, the wing is painted over with Gorodets green paint. The tail is written in different ways, for example, it is limited on both sides by lines that define its silhouette and painted over. It is best to do this in scarlet. In another case, each tail feather is painted in two colors. The development of birds begins with the head and ends with the tail. The revivals are done with whitewash, applying thin strokes.

Gorodets horse (Fig. 14) - a symbol of wealth. It is mostly black in color, with a small head on a steeply arched neck and a neatly combed mane. Masters depict it in several ways. Some use loose strokes to write the outline of the entire figure and only then paint over it. Others build the figure of a horse with spots of color, starting with the largest vertical element - the chest and neck. The outlines of the harness and saddle, the back and abdominal parts of the body are added to them. The plane limited by the lines of the harness and saddle remains light in this version. Most often, the saddle and harness are made in scarlet, and the details of the head and legs of the tail are made with white.

Composition in Gorodets painting

All works of art are created according to the laws of composition, non-compliance or ignorance of which can lead to a violation of harmony. Composition (from Latin compositio - arrangement, composition, connection) - construction work of art, its ratio individual parts(components) forming a single whole.
For the composition of works of decorative and applied art, the main thing is the unity of content and form. Another, already specific feature is the correspondence of the form of the work decorative arts its specific purpose.
To a large extent, the character of the composition is determined by the rhythm. Rhythm is a uniform alternation of design elements that helps achieve clarity and expressiveness of the composition.
A rhythmically organized pattern easily turns into an ornament - the basis of the composition. But ornament is not only the repeated repetition of similar elements of the design. Beautiful and clear drawing of the details of the overall silhouette becomes very important.
The artist’s work on a new work begins with choosing a theme according to the purpose of the product. A well-thought-out compositional scheme is the basis for creating a work of art. You need to start with a life-size sketch of the compositional scheme. It is not recommended to make a drawing for a quarter or half of the product. When developing decor, you should determine which part of the product will carry the main ornamental and color load.
When studying Gorodets painting, work on the topic

“Composition composition” is carried out in three stages.

I. Study of compositional techniques in Gorodets painting.
II. Development of a sketch of the future product.
III. Making a life-size sketch.
Study of compositional techniques in Gorodets painting. Characteristic feature in the plot compositions of spinning bottoms there is an image of a horse and rider. A galloping horse with its head held proudly was usually placed in the center of the composition.
The image of a horseman in folk art is familiar to artists from icon painting (St. George the Victorious, Dmitry of Thessaloniki, etc.). On carved bottoms kept in museums, a composition depicting two riders on rearing horses is most often presented. Riders are positioned on both sides of a flower tree, from the top of which a swan takes off. On the lower halves, Donetsk masters usually depicted genre scenes of gentlemen walking with ladies, hunting scenes, etc. In the 60s XIX century The same compositions were used in the painted Donets. By the end of the 19th century. folk artists began to paint genre pictures and scenes of festivities. Later leading storyline Donets, included in the dowry, became an illustration of wedding rituals: the bride riding in a carriage, the bride, the meeting of the groom.
The brothers Lazar and Anton Melnikov were the first to write tufts and buds, brightly colored birds and cockerels on the bottoms. They also developed the poses of horses and riders: the horse was certainly drawn with long legs, and its hind leg was always clasped in a hook. Modern masters continue to paint horses in Melnikov’s style.

By the end of the 19th century. A characteristic form of floral ornament has developed with certain elements: these are buds, roses and a flower, which are endlessly repeated in various versions. In the center of the compositional plane, artists place the main image: a bird, a horse, a person, a group of people or a plant motif.

Folk artists paint faces in one manner - in the form of a white circle, on which their features are indicated with thin black lines. Hairstyles for both men and women are distinguished by great sophistication, but only black is used in coloring. In the depiction of the figures themselves, planar color scheme, in which the main large spots (skirts, jackets, jackets, trousers) are painted without an outline, in the form of a monochromatic colorful silhouette. Bright flowers and decorative green leaves remain a favorite decorative motif in the art of Gorodets masters, which give the painting a special charm.

The traditions of Gorodets narrative painting are preserved and continue to be developed at the Gorodets Painting factory. Contemporary artists paint more than 50 items: decorative panels, caskets, boxes, kitchen cabinets, shelves, cutting boards, bread bins, salt shakers, sets of stands, as well as toys, children's furniture.

2. After the location of the ornament has been found, we select the main compositional center, the proportional relationship of the parts has been decided, it is necessary to find a color scheme for the composition. Often children, having seen the multicolored Gorodets painting, think that they can use the entire set of paints. But, having examined their sketches and remembering the laws of color science, they come to the conclusion that the layout of local color spots obeys only one thing - the general gamut.

3. Having composed the composition and selected the color, you can begin to draw the ornament in detail. The development of the product composition ends with the design of the frame. Gorodets craftsmen pay great attention to this, since the frame decorates any product. It is performed either in one color (usually scarlet) or in several.

Making a life-size sketch.

Before processing wood for painting, it is necessary to familiarize students with its basic properties.
Wood is an excellent ornamental material for creating decorative and applied arts.
Linden, aspen, and alder wood are widely used for painting. The best of them for painting is considered to be linden. It absorbs moisture and therefore tints well aqueous solutions and paints.
Aspen wood is distinguished by its softness, uniform texture, whiteness and purity. One of its important properties is light resistance: it for a long time does not turn yellow if kept indoors. Alder wood is soft, light, cuts well, warps little, and is easy to pickle and polish.
An important characteristic of wood is color. Any wood from a freshly cut tree, as a rule, has a uniform color throughout the cut. But over time, the wood becomes darker. This must be taken into account in your work. For example, an alder tree slightly tinted with yellow paint will still have a reddish tint to the background. And if this circumstance is not taken into account, then the arrangement of colors in the ornament will not be in harmony with the general tone of the background, which always has a warm tint.
In painting lessons, you most often have to deal with plywood, so you should describe its properties in more detail.
Mainly used plywood, consisting of three, five and seven sheets. The layers of plywood are glued together with waterproof glue. Their number is always odd, so plywood does not warp. The layers of plywood are laid so that the direction of the fibers in the glued layers intersects each other at right angles. This gives plywood special rigidity and strength.
Immediately before painting, the selected workpiece should be processed. It is sanded with sandpaper (along the length of the fiber), and then covered with starch paste. After it has dried, the workpiece must again be treated with sandpaper.
Painting on the product is carried out in a strictly defined sequence: first the central part of the composition is painted, and then the floral ornament is made. After all the underpainting has been completed, they should be shaded with dark colors. The painting is completed with animations made with white and yellow paints.
If the sketch provides for a background, then the surface of the product must be tinted with the required color. Most often used for background following colors: light and dark ocher, cinnabar and scarlet, less often black. The color scheme for products made with a background is completely different than for products made without it.
If the background is made of light and dark ocher, the color scheme of the composition should be brighter, and vice versa, if cinnabar or scarlet color was used for the background, then a muted color scheme is chosen. On a black background, use white or yellow color. To complete the background, it is best to use brushes No. 5 - 8 so that the paint lays down in a more even layer.
After the painting is completed, it is varnished. Before this, it is necessary to familiarize students with the types of varnishes, general rules varnishing. Each subsequent layer of varnish can be applied only after the previous one has dried. The more coats of varnish, the longer it takes to dry between each coat. After each coating, the surface of the product is treated with fine-grained sandpaper. This alternation of operations is necessary for better bonding of the varnish layers and obtaining mirror surface. A tampon for coating products with varnish is prepared from a scrap of any fabric, except fleecy.
To consolidate the material covered, broaden one’s horizons and cultivate artistic taste, as well as in search of subjects, it is necessary, if possible, to organize excursions to museums and exhibition halls.

Literature:
Baryshnikov A.A. Basics of composition. M., 1951.
Boguslavskaya I.Ya. Good hand craftsmanship. Leningrad, 1976.
Borodulin V.A. Artistic processing of wood. M., 1986.

Gorodets painting is one of the ancient Russian artistic crafts. This flower coloring book allows you to create incredibly beautiful patterns and ornaments. Thanks to decorative drawing, you can create flowers, a peacock, a horse, a bird, a rose, a cockerel and much more.

Gorodets painting is one of the ancient Russian artistic crafts

Gorodets painting begins with cutting spinning wheels. Various figures were cut out of wood and inserted into the recesses according to the appropriate shape. Later, craftsmen began to paint wooden figurines, gradually adding more new colors.

In the 19th century, craftsmen produced beautiful wooden figures in green, red, blue and other colors. They decorated houses and courtyards. The figures were pleasing to the eye, they were loved to be made, and children admired them. The painted rooster turned out to be very beautiful.

What could Gorodets spinning wheels be decorated with?

• Sled.
• Chests.
• Caskets.
• Furniture.
• Household items, etc.

Usually, the painting was symbolic. Genre drawings were valued. For example, a merchant and his horse or cockerel were depicted on the board. Elements of such painting have been preserved to this day.

Floral motifs were given special preference in this craft. Animals were also drawn, such as lions or bulls.

The favorite backgrounds in Gorodets painting for the masters of the 19th century were blue, green, in a word, bright and multi-colored. A black background was used less often.

How is painting done? And then and now the work is painted step by step with a brush. Step-by-step craft does not involve drawing from a finished layout. The blow of the hand on the board should be tight and strong. All the work of the master is quite painstaking, but at the same time, fast. By the nature of the technique, the work is not difficult.

For children and preschoolers, there are many ways to start with simple Gorodets painting schemes, for example, depicting it on the asphalt.

Gallery: Gorodets painting (25 photos)

Gorodets painting: lesson (video)

Gorodets painting: basic elements

For such painting, special paints are required. They are called "tempera". Tempera paints are made from dry powders or their analogues. An alternative to such paints can be ordinary gouache, to which PVA glue has been added. If the master’s choice fell on gouache, then he should know that when painting in Gorodets, before painting the second layer of the drawing, you need to wait until the first layer has completely dried, otherwise the work will have a whitish tint.

All brushes must be dry, otherwise they will deteriorate after use.

The specificity of Gorodets painting is painting without a model, that is, the artist smoothly moves the brush over the surface. What artistic techniques can be used when painting? There are many of them, for example:

• Broad brush strokes.
• Fine lines with a fine brush.
• Masterly strokes with a medium brush.

This type of painting requires special paints.

On what surface is Gorodets painting performed? Usually wood is taken as the basis. If desired, you can create a colored background on it by painting the surface red, yellow or another color.

The work flow is as follows:

1. To begin with, the master marks the approximate dimensions of the composition on the surface. You can use a pencil for this. At the same time, he does not draw the layout! This is necessary in order to outline future size all painting patterns.
2. Many masters advise to outline the outline of the pattern not with a pencil, but with paints. In their opinion, this is the technology that is considered correct.
3. The knots of the design are made with a thin brush and light paint. This makes the work look neater.
4. Darker ones are placed on top of the light spots. This is the peculiarity of this craft.
5. Before starting work, you should collect several different brushes, since it is convenient to draw various details in your own way. For example, thin lines will turn out beautiful only if you draw them with a thin brush.
6. The main elements of Gorodets painting are the so-called “revivals”. These include points, circles, spirals, strokes and arcs.

Step-by-step decorative drawing based on Gorodets painting for children

1. The beginning of the drawing is a life-size sketch of the diagram on wood. The size of the future work and its main elements should be outlined.
2. To simplify the task, you can draw the size of the composition on paper, and only then transfer the image to a wooden surface.
3. When the size of the ornament is applied to the wooden surface, you need to highlight the main center of the composition. After this, you can think about the color scheme.
4. When will the issue of composition and color scheme composition, you can begin to draw the ornament in detail.
5. For children, it is recommended to choose simple drawings. For example, you can depict the sun. A red circle is drawn in the center, and rays next to it. The radial stitches should be the same size.
6. At the end of work wooden surface varnished.

It will be easier for your child to draw simple elements

Gorodets painting patterns for the older group

In the middle and senior group in kindergarten you don’t have to choose too much complex elements painting, because if the child cannot cope with it, then he will be bored.

You can opt for a simple ornament and draw a beautiful flower.

1. Drawing method:
2. The work will use white, red, brown and green paints. Children should draw either on wooden boards or on shallow wooden plates.
3. Use a pencil to mark the center of the composition and its size. Then you can start drawing the flower. A small red circle is drawn in the center. Red paint is then mixed with white to create pink color
4. . Another circle is drawn in pink, larger than the first. After that, the circle is red again and pink again. Thus, the flower has a multi-colored middle.
5. The petals are made with green and brown paints. It’s better to alternate them, so the work will be more beautiful.

You can combine green paint with white to get a lighter greenish color. They can be used to draw the petals from the inside. This drawing is done with a thin brush.

In the middle and senior groups in kindergarten there is no need to choose too complex elements of painting

The work is completed by varnishing the surface.

Gorodets painting: how to draw flowers?

1. Master Class:
2. To begin with, select the surface and material with which the work will be performed. The more colorful it is, the better.
3. The centers of the colors are marked on the surface with a pencil. A bright circle is drawn. Then petals are drawn in each circle. To do this, use a color darker than the core of the flower.
4. Every flower must have a petal. Light green petals can be painted from the inside with a thin brush. You can also draw the outlines of petals and flowers with darker paint, but not black.

The composition will be complemented by blue berries drawn next to the flowers.

Gorodets painting: how to draw a horse?

1. To do this, you need to use black or brown paint. But for the horse to stand out, the background of the work must be light.
2. The horse's body is drawn with a medium brush. First you can draw an outline for it, and then paint it. The limbs, tail and neck are drawn with a thinner brush. The animal's hooves are drawn separately.
3. The horse's mane can be painted red.
4. A beautiful ornament will decorate and complement the composition. You can make a picture frame for it. You can also draw a horse running towards the sun.

Gorodets painting: how to draw the Kupavka flower (video)

Gorodets painting can give a lot of positive emotions to its creator. The main thing is to draw with soul, because then even a novice craftsman will be able to create a real masterpiece.

The bird in Gorodets painting is a symbol of family happiness.

Gorodets painting comes from an icon, and, just like an icon, there is a lot of symbolism in it. The bird is a symbol of family happiness.

Look at the Gorodets birds - they always have a fat belly. The bird in Gorodets painting has a distinctive silhouette: it has a flexible neck and chest line (sinusoid), a tail in the shape of a butterfly wing, a thread-like beak and legs. The traditional coloring of the bird is: the body is black, the tail is cherry red (kraplak), the wing is green. Two of these three colors are included in the set gouache paints: black and kraplak, and Gorodets green - mixed. Gorodets birds are depicted in two stages: first, an underpainting is made with three colors with a brush - this is the body, wing and tail of the bird, and then animations are painted on it with white paint. The figure shows the most characteristic variants of the animation of the Gorodets bird. Animations are made on the bird with white paint using a thin artistic brush. Here you can use the entire arsenal of Gorodets animations: arcs, strokes, droplets, and dots.

Strokes They come in very different lengths and widths, but they are done like this: hold the brush vertically in your fingers and, barely touching the paper with the end of the brush, draw a thin line at the beginning and end with more or less pressure in the middle. Animations are made with strokes on the wing and tail of the bird, on the neck and at the bottom of the tummy.

Droplets are made using the dipping method, known to modern children since kindergarten, where they are taught this technique. Droplets are made like this: the side of the tip of an art brush (with white paint) is lightly and smoothly touched to the paper, on which a mark in the form of a drop remains.

How to place points everyone knows.

To draw arc, to do this, you need to hold the brush vertically in your fingers (perpendicular to the sheet of paper), we begin to draw an arc at first, only lightly touching the paper with the tip of the brush, then we apply strong pressure on the brush (the brush leaves a wide, smooth mark) and complete the arc again with a thin line.

Start by drawing a traditionally colored bird. Later, of course, you will try other coloring options for Gorodets birds. And yet, over time, you yourself will come to the conclusion that the traditional combination is the most successful of all.

Sequence diagram of the Gorodets bird image

Techniques writing Gorodets bird Each master has his own. They begin this work in different ways. We'll show you how it does it A.V. Sokolova.

With one stroke of a brush, rich in black paint, she paints the front bird silhouette- its beak, the curve of the neck, the convex breast, starting with a thin line of the beak and gradually thickening the stroke when painting the neck and breast of the bird.

The next stroke, also thickening downwards, seems to run around the wing. As a result, we already see a complete outline of the bird’s body and can begin to paint its richest decoration - the tail.

One of the most common options is lush, reminiscent of an open fan tail peacocks. His first feather is a free, smooth stroke from the wing to the level of the bird's head. Then a long wavy stroke is made from this first feather, ending slightly below the bird’s body. To complete the fan tail, connect the end of the wavy line to the bottom edge of the wing.

Wing drawn in the form of a teardrop-shaped leaf.

Continuing work, you need to fill the contour of the bird’s body and its tail with color - possibilities color options here are innumerable.

In order for the bird to finally come to life, you should write to it paws. In Gorodets, expressive precepts have been developed for this case as well. First, the upper parts of the legs, similar to leaves, are attached to the body, and then the lower parts with claws are attached with a thin black brush. An amazing transformation takes place before our eyes: without legs, the bird seems to be smoothly gliding across the surface of the water, and with legs, it’s as if it’s easily jumping across the grass. A tiny detail completely changed the bird's character. On next stage a comb is attached to the bird's head.

Unlike colors, shading techniques are rarely used when painting birds. The red fan tail is decorated with dark (speckled) feathers. They fan out from the wing and even protrude beyond the edges of the colored silhouette of the bird's tail. Feathers are written with long, smooth movements of the brush with slight pressure and bending, starting from the top feather and ending with the bottom. In this case, the feathers are located at such a distance from each other that you can subsequently work with whitewash. The markings are made with whitewash: the bird's eye is painted, small feathers on the chest, and the wing is decorated with graceful spiral and hatching.

The completion of the work will be cutting the bright tail of the bird with white - wide soft feathers will appear between the dark red feathers white. The hand that writes them must be firm, flexible and calculating. Then a rhythm will appear in the pattern of the feathers and they will become truly beautiful.

Sequence of painting a bird - Gorodets pheasant

WORLD OF CITY BIRDS as rich and inexhaustible as the world of Gorodets flowers. Here there are proud black roosters with fiery crests and busy "Ryaba hens", black starlings and white swans, stately peacocks decorously performing among flowers and grasses, and a great many unusual, fabulous birds.

Types of Gorodets birds

Birds in the subject of Gorodets painting

Products with Gorodets painting. Birds

Rice. on right: F.N. Kasatova. Birds. Panel. 1995 SPGIMZ. The coloristic solution of the panel is based on the nuances of color and tone. The completeness and lightness of the pattern are given by elegant white and colored revivals, made in slightly muted colors.

Rice. left: A.E. Konovalov. Birds. Dish. 1970s Painting on wood texture (without first applying a background) appeared in the industry in the late 1950s. due to economic difficulties (lack of paint). It has been preserved to this day and has become a kind of technique that introduces the texture of wood into the artistic structure of the work.

Rice. on right: N.S. Privalovskaya. Cutting board. 1995

Rice. left: A.E. Konovalov. Birds. High chair. 1950s Gorodets Historical and Art Museum Complex.

LESSON No. 1. Acquaintance with the traditional motif of Gorodets painting - the “bird”.

Organization of the lesson. Children should be introduced to Gorodets stories in which this motif is present. Show the children each stage of painting. Birds are usually drawn starting from the wing, then the chest is drawn, and the line is drawn focusing on the line of the wing. After this, the remaining parts of the body are finished. When the outline is drawn, the entire surface of the drawing is painted over, leaving only the main internal lines. After this, they begin to revive, that is, to detail the image using thin strokes, strokes and applying lighter shades to the outline.

Completing the task. Children independently complete the symmetrical composition by placing a Gorodets pheasant in the right or left part of the panel.

LESSON No. 2. Getting to know the image various types Gorodets birds.

Organization of the lesson. The image of a bird in Slavic mythology is associated with a dream of heaven. Our ancestors believed that on the other side of the clouds there was magic garden- "iry". There grows a world tree, at the top of which amazing birds live. Birds also served as intermediaries between the earth and powerful heavenly forces, on which human life largely depended. The teacher tells children about the image of birds in decorative and applied arts, about the symbolism and mythology associated with the image of birds in folk art; shows and names Gorodets birds.

Completing the task. Children independently choose a bird to copy and randomly fit it into the proposed frame.

In a short period of time, the artists perfectly mastered the art of painting. Although the images retain a mostly flat character, instead of chiaroscuro, transitional shades and animations begin to play an increasingly important role. The accuracy and flexibility of the line, the subtlety of the stroke, the confidence and lightness of the stroke sometimes border on virtuosity. Products small size or utilitarian purposes (salt shaker, chest for children's toys), as a rule, are painted with floral patterns, in which a rose flower, leaves, branches, and bird plumage are cut with white strokes. In decorative panels, the plot most often unfolds either in two or three tiers, sometimes in several scenes, or in a single decorative picture. People are depicted in costumes that retain the features of clothing from the last century. If the action takes place inside a building, then the interior of the premises resembles some kind of ancient architecture with fancy columns, arches, and the free space is filled with floral ornaments. Everything creates the impression of idleness, elegance from the contrasts of colors and imagination.

Today, the traditional folk art craft "Gorodets painting" is developing in the historical center of its origin and existence, as the art of decorating flat surfaces. Painting, which does not require heat treatment, allows craftsmen to use a wide variety of shapes, colors, and shades. The richness of its palette is limitless, and for 60 years now the masters of the Gorodets Painting factory have been preserving and developing the traditions of this folk art craft.

Gorodets wood painting is a traditional artistic craft that developed in the mid-19th century in villages along the Uzole River in the vicinity of Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod region.

The origin of painting originates from the production of Gorodets distaff bottoms, inlaid stained oak and decorated with contour carvings. Unlike the widespread spinning wheels, hewn from a single wooden monolith, Gorodets spinning wheels consisted of two parts: the bottom and the comb. Dontse was wide board, tapering to a head with a pyramidal “hoof,” into the hole of which the stem of the comb was inserted. When they were not working on the spinning wheel, the comb was removed from the comb, and the bottom was hung on the wall, becoming a kind of decorative panel.

In the middle of the last century, craftsmen began to revive the inlaid bottoms, first only by tinting the background, then by carving, and subsequently by introducing colorful plot drawings. The earliest similar bottom that has survived to this day was made by master Lazar Melnikov in 1859. Gradually, painting, technologically simpler, finally replaced labor-intensive inlay.

Gorodets masters transferred into painting not only the subjects previously used in inlay, but also a generalized interpretation of the images suggested by carving techniques. The painting used bright rich colors of red, yellow, green, black, mixed with liquid wood glue. Over time, the range expanded; in addition to the traditional spinning wheels, the Donets began to produce and paint urinal boxes, wooden Toys, furniture, even parts of the house, shutters, doors, gates. In 1880, about 70 people from seven neighboring villages were involved in the fishery. Among oldest masters, who became the founders of Gorodets painting, the names of the brothers Melnikov and G. Polyakov were preserved, later they were joined by painters who preserved the secrets of the craft at the beginning of the 20th century I. A. Mazin, F. S. Krasnoyarov, T. Belyaev, I. A. Sundukov.

Gradually, original techniques of Gorodets painting were developed, which in their multi-stage nature were close to professional painting. Initially, the background is painted, which also serves as a primer. Based on the colored background, the master makes an “underpainting”, applying the main color spots with a large brush, after which he models the shape with thinner brushes. The painting is completed by “living up” with white and black, combining the drawing into one whole. The finished plot is usually enclosed in a graphic frame or outline. In Gorodets painting there are many simple ornamental motifs of roses, buds, and grass.

With the development of the craft, the subjects of painting, apparently borrowed from popular prints, were also significantly enriched. In addition to traditional horses, tea parties, festivities, scenes from city life, and characters appeared folk tales, battle scenes inspired Russian-Turkish War.

The Gorodets fishery existed for about fifty years. Its heyday was in the 1890s, when Donets production reached 4 thousand per year, but by the beginning of the 20th century the fishery had fallen into decline. After World War I, painting production ceased completely, and even the most famous painters were forced to look for other income.

The revival of Gorodets painting is associated with the name of the artist I. I. Oveshkov, who came to the Gorky region in 1935 from Zagorsk. Through his efforts, a public workshop was opened in the village of Koskovo, uniting old painters. Oveshkov not only took over the leadership of the workshop, but also organized professional training for artists. With his direct participation, the expansion of the range of painted products began: boxes, wall cabinets for dishes, high chairs, and folding screens. In 1937, Gorodets masters participated in the exhibition “Folk Art”, held in Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, where modern products were demonstrated next to the Donets of the 19th century

In 1951, the Stakhanovets carpentry and furniture artel was opened in the village of Kurtsevo, headed by the hereditary Gorodets painter A.E. Konovalov. The artel began manufacturing furniture with motifs of traditional painting on cabinets, bedside tables, stools, and tables; the range was constantly expanding. In 1960, the artel was transformed into the Gorodets Painting factory.

Currently, the factory produces painted rocking toys, children's furniture, decorative panels, dishes, and turning utensils. Although it has changed functional purpose Gorodets products, their painting preserves traditional motifs and images, long-legged horses, riders, magical birds, flowers.