What are cement bonded building blocks? A house made of wood concrete - is there a future for a block made of wood chips Wood chips for a block

Arbolite or cement-bonded particle blocks are a material for the construction of buildings: it is lightweight concrete, which contains mineral binders and fillers (sawmill and woodworking waste, or organic cellulose raw materials), as well as water.

Arbolite combines the qualities of cement stone and wood, it has excellent characteristics - it is not subject to rotting, fire-resistant and easy to use, suitable for individual housing construction up to 3 floors inclusive. Wood concrete blocks consist of 80–85% wood filler (chips, crushed or shavings from 2 to 25 mm long, 5 mm thick) and high-quality cement, not less than PC500.

Production technology

Today, in the manufacture of (TsSB, TsSP), mainly pine chips are used, but according to GOST 19222–84, the use of other wood processing waste (from deciduous and coniferous species). However, wood concrete is actually made from pine or spruce shavings. best quality, since these rocks contain the smallest amount of organic component (sucrose) that needs to be neutralized.

Wood chips for CSB are subject to drying and mineralization of the surface with a solution of chemical components that eliminate sucrose, which helps prevent rotting and fungal damage to the wood during operation. When using any other additives and materials (sand, plasticizers, hardeners), the product cannot be considered a real wood concrete.

The production of wood concrete has been put on the conveyor belt in many cities of Russia, but you can make blocks with your own hands if you strictly follow the technological process and acquire minimum set tools:

• Special crusher.
• Concrete mixer.
• Forms for blocks.
• Vibropress or vibrating table.
• Drying chamber or space under a canopy.

Types and form of release of TsSB

According to their density, wood concrete blocks are of the following types:

1. thermal insulation or hollow (400–500 kg/m3);

2. structural (500–850 kg/m3).

IN industrial production wood concrete blocks are produced:

• wall or standard (500x300x200 mm);
• partition (600x300x120 mm).

Dimensions

The dimensions of blocks made of cement and shavings for the construction of external walls are 300x200x500 mm (per 1 m3> - 33 pieces), and for internal partitions you can use 120x300x600 mm, 47 pieces per m3, respectively.

In terms of their economic and operational characteristics, houses made of wood concrete are much better than buildings made of other materials. Thus, a house made of CSB or DSP is dry and warm, its walls are light, fire-resistant, retain heat well in winter and cool in summer, are easy to decorate, durable and cheap.

Each building material has its own advantages and disadvantages, and wood concrete is no exception; let’s look at the pros and cons of such blocks.

Advantages of wood concrete

1. 1 m2 of constructed walls made of wood concrete is 3 times lighter than structures made of expanded clay concrete and 8 times lighter than those made of brick. This makes it possible to relieve the foundation.

2. The cost of constructing a residential building from CSB is 40% less than from other materials.

3. Products made from shavings and cement stone have a porous structure, which ensures natural circulation air and optimal humidity in the room.

4. Strong bond with concrete and plaster without the need for reinforcement.

5. Arbolite products, more information about which in, are excellent for sawing and cutting (you can make the most precise adjustment), drilling, chopping, holding screws and nails.

6. Exceeding the maximum permitted loads on wood concrete leads to its compression and subsequent recovery, rather than cracking, which allows you to painlessly endure shrinkage at home.

7. The tensile and bending strength of cement-bonded particle board materials (CSB and CSP) allows the use of all types of floors (wood, reinforced concrete).

Minuses

1. Limited number of storeys in the building.

2. Wood concrete is not widely used and is difficult to buy in some parts of Russia.

3. Water permeability, but this disadvantage is eliminated by plastering the walls.

4. A large number of unscrupulous manufacturers producing low-quality blocks with different compositions.

As you can see, the positive qualities of this material more than compensate for its minor disadvantages.

In terms of thermal conductivity and fire resistance, DSP and TsSB are superior to all traditional building materials. The properties of wood concrete, including cement particle boards, made it possible to use them for the construction of buildings even in Antarctica. There is a lot about him good reviews abroad, it is widely used there and is valued for its energy-saving, heat-storing and sound-proofing properties.

Given specifications blocks clearly demonstrate the combination of material qualities that make it possible to build warm and environmentally friendly two- to three-story buildings.

Reviews from home owners

“I decided to calculate the cost, and it turned out that for 1 m3 of wood concrete we need approximately 1,200 rubles worth of Portland cement (at new prices). Add in labor and other materials and additives, then the cost will reach 2,500 - 3,000. Considering that a cube of wood is around six thousand, this is not very expensive. And wood concrete performs a load-bearing and insulating function (a huge plus) and the reviews about it are good.”

Ivan Slepkov, Moscow.

“I really like the Central Construction Buildings - construction is going much faster. There is only one thing, but in order to find a bona fide manufacturer of these same blocks and cement bonded particle boards, I had to scour half the Internet and go through a lot of reviews. We were very pleased with the house; you can breathe in a house like a wooden one!”

Andrey, St. Petersburg.

"From personal experience I will say that next time I will under no circumstances get involved with wood concrete, and I also do not recommend it to anyone. The material is undoubtedly of good quality, simply ideal, but, unfortunately, as often happens, the manufacturing is absolutely disgusting.”

Elina, Kazan.

“When I come to visit a friend, he has a house from the Central Bank, I feel so jealous that I don’t have something like that. I honestly don’t know the downsides of wood-concrete, it’s good for everyone!”

Mikhail Plotnikov, Yekaterinburg.

Cost of cement bonded products

You can buy wood concrete from manufacturers or in construction supermarkets. Prices for this material are set depending on the composition of the product and its size. Wood concrete is usually sold on the market in cubic meters or sheets (DSP). Thus, the price of one block of the 400x200x200 mm format will be 68 rubles, and the cost of 1 m3 will be 4,300 rubles, respectively, excluding transportation.

You can buy wood concrete blocks in Moscow at a price of 28 rubles per piece. The cost of a cubic meter of wood concrete blocks is from 2,200 rubles.

Today, the attitude of builders towards wood concrete blocks is ambiguous, although the products have a number of positive qualities. Of course, she has her shortcomings, like everyone else. building material. Before purchasing such blocks, you should study all their properties in order to use the products for their intended purpose and be prepared for the consequences.

Description and production features

Choose a reliable manufacturer that has all the certificates for the product - this is where you should start. Such enterprises follow all the requirements that ultimately affect the quality of products.

1. These products are made from cement (less commonly, gypsum), wood chips, water and synthetic components. The cement composition (in professional language is called “dough”) binds together wood particles, which have special requirements. According to GOST, their length should not exceed 4 cm, width 1 cm, thickness - 0.5 cm. The smaller the chips, the higher the quality of the building material. However, sawdust or shavings in the mixture sharply reduce the quality of the blocks.
2. Wood particles are treated with a special composition for better adhesion to cement and increasing the water-repellent properties of wood. This component is also subject to GOST requirements.
3. The blocks have the shape of a large rectangular parallelepiped and are formed in two ways: manually or on a special machine. In this case, the wood particles are evenly distributed inside the product. Of course, products obtained by mechanized methods have more high quality and clear geometry of the edges. And only large manufacturers can afford reliable machines for making blocks.
4. The production technology requires strict adherence to the proportions of the composition, which is also possible only at specialized enterprises.
5. Ready product must pass a series of tests.

Arbolite blocks belong to the class of coarse-cell lightweight concrete. Manufacturers offer these products various sizes, the most popular option is 250x300x500 mm.

Use of arbolite blocks

The products are applicable in the construction of civil and industrial purposes, namely:

• to create curtain external walls,
• when constructing internal partitions,
• for construction load-bearing walls in buildings no higher than two floors,
• as a sound and heat insulating material.

The operation of arbolite blocks is possible in rooms with normal or low humidity levels; in other cases, special impregnation is required.

Practical characteristics

1. Strength. Today, manufacturers are ready to offer wood concrete blocks with different strength classes. The scope of application of the product also depends on this value. A characteristic feature of such products is high bending strength. Unlike brick, foam and aerated concrete blocks, wood concrete products do not form cracks during operation.
2. Thermal conductivity. This indicator for wood concrete blocks is extremely low, which distinguishes such products from many other types of wall and heat-insulating building materials.
3. Density. Due to their low density, such products are not able to withstand heavy loads and are not suitable for the construction of building cornices, basements and basements.
4. Moisture absorption. Arbolite does not accumulate moisture inside, but passes through it. Structures made from this material must be plastered or finished with hanging façade materials.
5. Frost resistance. Since wood concrete walls are subject to finishing, they are additionally protected from low temperatures.
6. Fire resistance. This product can be called a practically non-flammable material.
7. Biological resistance. The products are immune to mold, rot, fungi and insects.
8. Soundproofing. In this parameter, wood concrete blocks are superior to many traditional and modern building materials (silicate and ceramic brick, wood, various types of cellular concrete).
9. Vapor permeability. Steam passes through this material freely, which guarantees a comfortable climate at any temperature.
10. Environmental friendliness. The components included in the raw materials do not emit substances harmful to humans.
11. Ease and simplicity of work. The blocks are light in weight and do not put pressure on the foundation. The products fit into the desired structure quite quickly; you can perform the same manipulations with them as with wood: sawing and cutting, driving in nails and screwing in self-tapping screws.

This type of building material “adheses” well to plaster, which makes it possible to avoid additional reinforcement of structures.

Among the minuses it is worth highlighting:

• the need to use plaster or facade panels, which must be selected especially carefully,
• cost: it is slightly higher than other types of cellular concrete,
• present on the construction market a large number of products, the quality of which leaves much to be desired - as a rule, these are products produced almost by an “artisanal” method.

Wood concrete, otherwise known as arbolite blocks, have such attractive characteristics that the desire of folk craftsmen to make them with their own hands is quite understandable. But is this building material as good as the advertising advertises, and is it possible to set up its production at home? To clarify the situation, we propose to consider in detail what wood concrete is, study its properties, manufacturing technology and reviews from developers.

What is wood concrete

This building material belongs to lightweight concrete with a coarse-cell structure and wood filler. It is produced in the form of blocks ( standard size– 50 x 30 x 20 cm), slabs with reinforcement cage and liquid mixtures poured into formwork during the construction process. According to GOST, the composition of wood concrete should be as follows:

• wood chips of strictly standardized sizes;
• chemicals - alumina sulfate, lime, liquid glass, calcium chloride;
• cement M400-500;
• water.

Note. Chemically active additives are designed to neutralize the effects organic matter(sugars) contained in wood, on the adhesion of cement with filler.

To obtain wood concrete of standard strength, the length of the chips in the solution should not exceed 25 mm, and the width should be in the range from 5 to 10 mm with a thickness of up to 5 mm. To prepare wood concrete, you cannot use sawdust, shavings and other organic matter - straw or reeds. By the way, sawdust concrete is also a radically different material with excellent properties.

Specifications

The wood concrete blocks and reinforced panels produced at the plant are divided into 2 groups - structural and thermal insulation. The former have a density of 550-850 kg/m³ and are used for the construction of load-bearing walls. The second, with a density of 300-500 kg/m³, are suitable only for insulation ready-made structures, because they do not have the required bearing capacity. An essential parameter of wood concrete - thermal conductivity - also increases with specific gravity, which is reflected in the diagram:

The remaining characteristics of wood concrete look like this:

1. Compressive strength depends on density and corresponds to concrete grades from M5 to M50. The elastic modulus is about 2000 MPa, and the bending strength is up to 1 MPa. It means that monolithic blocks do not crack under heavy loads and, after compression, tend to return to their original shape.
2. Water absorption of building materials is up to 85%. In practice, a stream of water can saturate wall panel through, but then drains quite quickly, after which the wood concrete dries successfully.
3. In terms of resistance to fire, the material belongs to group G1 - low-flammability. It also ignites very reluctantly.
4. Monolithic and hollow wood concrete products transmit steam equally well, which helps remove excess moisture from the building through the outer walls.

As for soundproofing properties, wood concrete absorbs noise much better traditional materials– brick, wood and aerated concrete.

Production technology

In factory conditions technological process The manufacture of wood concrete products proceeds as follows:

1. Wood processing waste is crushed to the required size in a crusher and cleared of bark and leaves, whose content in the raw material should not exceed 10%.
2. Water is mixed with chemical components in the right proportions depending on the type of wood. For example, larch requires twice the amount of mineralizers per cubic volume than spruce and pine.
3. The chips are sent to a forced-action concrete mixer, where they are mixed with prepared water heated to a temperature of 15 °C.
4. M400 cement is added to the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes, after which it is poured into molds. Laying is done manually or using a vibropress.
5. The formwork is removed from the products immediately after molding, and then they are sent for drying.

Reference. Some manufacturers practice cutting blocks on a special machine in order to give them a clear geometric shape.

Note that when molding arbolite products, the raw material is not subjected to pressing, but only vibration. Different densities of blocks and slabs are achieved by changing the concentration and size of chips in the primary solution.

Production line for the production of wood concrete

Pros and cons of the material

In terms of thermal insulation properties, wood concrete is comparable to other modern building materials, which is reflected in the following diagram:

In addition to low thermal conductivity, wood concrete has other advantages. They are as follows:

• light weight, facilitating the reloading and installation of products;
• thanks to good sound insulation properties, arbolite structures effectively protect premises from the penetration of external noise;
• environmental friendliness;
• high strength and elasticity, preventing cracking from static and impact loads;
• the cellular structure allows water vapor to penetrate freely, that is, the material “breathes”;
• The porous surface of the blocks and the composition of the mixture make it possible to use any types of external and internal cladding.

In addition, it is worth noting the ease of processing wood concrete with hand and mechanical saws, which is important when constructing walls and trimming elements. And the last positive feature: wood concrete products without voids (in the form of a monolith) hold nails, ordinary dowels and self-tapping screws perfectly, and this reduces the cost of fastening various interior items and installing shelves compared to foam blocks and aerated concrete.

Now about the disadvantages, of which wood concrete also has many:

1. Wood concrete structures need protection from moisture from outside, therefore they must be plastered or sheathed with waterproof materials with a ventilated gap.
2. Due to the unclear geometry of the blocks, the consumption of plaster during finishing work increases;
3. The retail chain sells many low-quality products that do not comply with GOST. Unscrupulous manufacturers often do not comply with the requirements for chip sizes and pour everything into the solution because they do not have calibration equipment.

The listed disadvantages are not too significant and are quite surmountable. The main negative point is the price of wood concrete. If you ask how much the same aerated concrete costs, you will find a difference of 40-60% in favor of the latter.

Self-production of wood concrete

If you have carefully studied the production technology described above, you probably understand that at home it will be possible to produce only low-density thermal insulation blocks. The maximum that can be built from them is a small one. one-story building With wooden floor. The reason is clear: it will not be possible to prepare a large amount of calibrated wood chips due to the lack of equipment, and sorting through the waste manually is pointless.

Advice. In order for wood concrete made by yourself to have the properties of factory products, the raw materials must be freed from fine fractions (sawdust), dust and bark.

To work, you will definitely need a casting mold and a concrete mixer, preferably an auger type. Conventional gravity mixers are not very good at creating a homogeneous mixture of wood and cement. The forms are long boxes made of metal or OSB plywood with partitions for casting several elements at once. Perfect option for home production - a collapsible form shown in the drawing.

Another useful unit, indispensable in the manufacture of wood concrete products, is a homemade wood chip cutter for processing branches and other waste. An example of such an installation is shown in the video:

Now let’s give a simple recipe on how to make low-density wood concrete, suitable for use for country and garden buildings:

1. Mineralize the wood chips by soaking them in slaked lime for at least 3 hours (proportions – 1 volume of lime is diluted in 10 parts of water). Then pour the raw materials onto a sieve to drain the water.
2. Transfer the wood chips into a concrete mixer and fill with water. The ratio is: 3 mass fractions of wood waste per 4 volumes of water. Turn on stirring and add liquid glass in an amount of 1% of total mass solution in this batch.
3. Lastly, add 4 mass fractions of M500 cement and mix until the mass becomes homogeneous and begins to mold in your hand.
4. Lubricate the sides of the molds with waste oil and fill to the top with the raw material solution. Lightly compact the contents and let the wood concrete set for 1 day, and then remove the blocks from the formwork and dry for at least 7 days in an open area, as was done in the photo.

Removing formwork after setting

Note. The proportions of cement and wood chips are indicated by weight (in kilograms), not by volume. For water this does not matter, since 1 liter weighs 1 kg.

After a successful trial batch, wood concrete products can be improved by giving them cladding directly during the manufacturing process. The scheme is simple: the mass is placed in molds so that 3-5 cm remains to the top, and the free volume is filled plaster mortar(preferably tinted) or cut gypsum tiles imitating artificial stone.

Blocks made of cement and sawdust

When producing products for construction, cement and wood chips are mixed. The technology is accessible and does not require the use of special equipment. Self-production of blocks from sawdust allows you to significantly reduce the estimated cost of construction and prepare a material with your own hands that is environmentally friendly. The increased performance characteristics of products made from Portland cement and sawdust make it possible to construct residential buildings, cottages, as well as outbuildings. For correct application of the material, it is necessary to study the characteristics, recipe, become familiar with the advantages and disadvantages, and also master the technology for manufacturing products from cement and wood waste.

Sawdust concrete blocks - characteristics

Sawdust blocks are a lightweight building material. They are a type of concrete products characterized by a reduced specific gravity. Due to its unique properties, the material is in demand in the construction industry.

Wood concrete is a lightweight type of concrete based on sawdust and high-quality cement

Differs in the following characteristics:

• thermal properties. In buildings based on sawdust concrete blocks, it is easy to maintain a comfortable temperature regime;
• environmental safety. Sawdust blocks are made from raw materials of natural origin;
• increased safety margin. Sawdust concrete blocks ensure the stability of the buildings being erected;
• fire safety. The manufacturing technology and the components used ensure the fire resistance of the concrete composite;
• increased vapor permeability. The structure of the array helps maintain favorable room humidity;
• resistance to temperature fluctuations. Blocks made of shavings and cement can withstand repeated cycles of freezing followed by thawing;
• affordable price level. Applying building blocks based on cement and wood chips, you can significantly reduce the estimated cost of construction.

Depending on the specific gravity sawdust blocks are divided into the following types:

• thermal insulation, characterized by a density of 0.4–0.8 t/m3;
• structural, the specific gravity of which is 0.8–1.2 t/m3.

High technical characteristics ensure the popularity of products made on the basis of cement binder and sawdust.

Sawdust concrete belongs to the category of lightweight materials

Blocks made of sawdust and cement - advantages and disadvantages

Sawdust blocks have the following advantages:

• increased degree of sound insulation. The sawdust concrete composite absorbs extraneous noise, which makes you feel comfortable in the room;
• harmlessness to others. When using products made from environmentally friendly natural raw materials, no harmful substances are released;
• fire resistance. Blocks of sawdust and cement do not ignite when exposed to temperatures up to 1100 °C for two and a half hours;
• ease of processing. The material is quickly processed by the tool and maintains its integrity under mechanical stress;
• accessibility. Chips are a waste product from wood processing enterprises and are available at an affordable price;
• simplicity of masonry. Building blocks, characterized by increased volume and low weight, allow you to quickly erect walls;
• long service life. Products made with high quality and protected from moisture absorption are durable.

Blocks made from these materials are widely used in the construction of houses, cottages, and outbuildings.

Along with the advantages, the material also has weaknesses:

1. Long lasting production cycle. Acquisition performance characteristics occurs within three months from the moment of pouring into molds.
2. Increased moisture absorption. Sawdust concrete needs reliable moisture protection from all sides.
3. Possibility of using wood chips only from certain types of wood. Sawdust with a reduced sugar content is used, the decomposition process of which affects the strength of the material.

Having assessed the advantages and analyzed the disadvantages, many developers prefer products based on cement and wood chips.

Making blocks from sawdust and cement with your own hands

The production of sawdust blocks involves the following steps:

• Procurement of raw materials for the manufacture of sawdust concrete products. The presence of the necessary materials in construction warehouses allows you to purchase all components before starting production.
• Preparation the necessary tool or mixing equipment. You can use a concrete mixer to prepare the mixture in larger volumes or manually mix it in a container using shovels.

The undoubted advantage of sawdust concrete is that you can make it yourself

• Mixing components in accordance with the recipe. The use of concrete mixers for automation helps to improve the quality of mixing, productivity, and improves the quality of sawdust concrete.
• Pouring the solution into molds. Collapsible wooden containers made from 20 mm thick boards lined with plastic sheets or metal are used.
• Drying sawdust concrete under natural conditions. Acquisition of operational hardness and evaporation of moisture occurs within 90 days after molding of sawdust concrete products.

Block composition

Sawdust blocks are made based on the following ingredients:

• Portland cement;
• sand;
• clay or slaked lime;
• wood chips;
• water.

Components

Waste is used for production various types wood:

• pine trees;
• fir;

To make wood concrete, you need clean wood chips (wood particles), not bark or leaves.

• poplars;
• ash;
• birch;
• beech;
• oak;
• hornbeam;
• larches.

Cement-sawdust materials are a practical alternative for foam and aerated concrete, as well as brick, wood and other materials in the construction of low-rise houses and bathhouses. The material is different good properties and at the same time pleasantly pleases with its accessibility.

In addition, you can not only purchase it, but also make it yourself at home without purchasing expensive equipment, and if the main component is present - sawdust or wood chips, then this makes wood-cement products even more profitable.

Advantages and disadvantages

Arbolite blocks are not a new material, but until recently it was not widely used, which is more than surprising, given its excellent performance characteristics.

Positive features include the following properties:

• Excellent thermal insulation performance. Houses made of sawdust concrete, like a thermos, keep warm in winter and cool in summer. The use of wood concrete eliminates the need for thermal insulation of walls, which, accordingly, saves money on construction.
• Absolute naturalness. All components of building materials are of natural origin. They are non-toxic and do not emit harmful microparticles that cause allergies and diseases.
• Strength. In the segment of porous materials, wood concrete has good structural strength, which allows it to be used as a material for load-bearing structures of buildings not exceeding three floors in height.

• Non-flammability. In the manufacture of concrete particle blocks, synthetic additives are used to ensure good fire resistance of the material. It can withstand temperatures of approximately 1200° C for 2 hours without igniting.
• High vapor permeability. Porous structure ensures free penetration fresh air inside the house, which creates a comfortable, unstuffy atmosphere. In addition, vapor permeability allows moisture trapped in the wall to evaporate, thereby preventing its accumulation and dampening of the walls.
• Temperature resistance. The material is resistant to freezing and thawing cycles and does not collapse during changes in season, when the frozen wall begins to heat up.
• Acceptable price. Arbolite blocks are somewhat more expensive than aerated concrete, but they can be used as a material for load-bearing structures of low-rise buildings and without resorting to bricks and similar materials, which reduces the cost of the structure as a whole.

• High noise insulation. The porosity of the material provides significant sound absorption, reducing the level of both incoming and outgoing noise.
• Easy processing. The material can easily be cut, drilled and other processing methods without cracking or chipping, and maintains structural integrity under mechanical stress.
• Use of recycled materials. The main part of the mass of wood-cement materials is shavings or chips, which are waste from the woodworking industry. Even if you do not have your own source of raw materials, it can be purchased at a low price and used to create building materials, which will reduce its already low price.
• Easy to use. The blocks are quite voluminous and at the same time light; walls are created quickly and without significant expenditure of physical strength.
• Durability. Provided that wood concrete blocks are protected from moisture, they will serve for many decades without destruction from drying out, corrosion and other sluggish processes.

Except positive points, wood concrete blocks have some disadvantages:

• Long production. After pouring into the mold, the material must harden for three months before being used in construction.
• Weak moisture resistance, high moisture absorption. Most wood-cement blocks are afraid of moisture and at the same time actively absorb it. Water protection is the main task for those who want to use cement bonded bonding materials during construction.
• Limited wood species as raw materials.

Application technology

During construction outer wall buildings using wood concrete, to prevent moisture penetration, a base made of brick or concrete is installed with a height of at least half a meter from the blind area. For the same purpose, the projection of cornices beyond the façade walls should be at least half a meter, with the obligatory installation of a storm and melt water drainage system.

• The seams between the blocks should have a thickness of 10-15 mm.
• Arbolite blocks are often used for laying only the inner layer for the purpose of insulation.

• When using cement-bonded particle blocks as a material for door and window lintels, mandatory reinforcement is required.
• Density and class of blocks by brand:
  • M5– 400-500 kg/cu.m. m, B0.35;
  • M10– 450-500 kg/cubic. m, B0.75;
  • M15– 500 kg/cu.m. m, B1;
  • M25– 500-700 kg/cu.m. m, B2;
  • M50– 700-800 kg/cu.m. m, B3.5.

Arbolite blocks are eaten by rodents, so you need to reinforce the wall with mesh in the area where pests are accessible or combine the masonry with another material.

Compound

The main component of the building material is sand, as well as cement and shavings (chips). Cement affects strength, workability and some other performance properties. The grade of cement used to create the blocks must be at least M400.

The increased sawdust content enhances the noise-absorbing and heat-insulating properties of wood concrete blocks. Wood chips must be thoroughly dried before use..

As the proportion of sand increases, strength increases, but the thermal insulation of the material decreases. Also during production, chemical additives are used to enhance various qualities.

For example, it is almost mandatory to use a component that increases the fire resistance of the material. In addition, a substance that repels rodents and other pests can be used.

Types of wood-cement materials

Depending on the added wood filler, wood-cement materials of various sizes and structures are obtained. The type of binder also influences the result.

Among the many options, the following widely used types can be identified:

• wood concrete;
• fiberboard;
• sawdust concrete;
• cement bonded particle board;
• xylolite.

Arbolit

This is a material with a high content of wood chips, water, a binder component - mainly Portland cement - and chemical additives for various purposes. Wood industry waste from deciduous and coniferous trees is used for production.. An alternative can be flax or hemp brome, chaffed straw, chopped cotton stalks and similar raw materials.

It is divided into two main classes: construction and thermal insulation. In the second, the percentage of wood component is increased, but the strength is reduced.

Wood concrete is used to create products for any purpose:

• blocks for forcing outer and inner walls;
• floor slabs;
• floors and coatings;
• large wall panels.

Fibrolite

This building material is produced in the form of slabs based on waste chips and a binder. According to the parameters, the raw material for wood filler is shavings 35 cm or more long and 5 to 10 cm wide, ground into wool.

On next stage mineralization of the wood filler with potassium chloride occurs, it is moistened with water in a certain proportion and mixed cement mortar, and then pressed into slabs under a pressure of 0.4 MPa. Then heat treatment and drying of the finished products occurs.

The material comes in two types: heat-insulating and insulating-structural.

The characteristic properties of this material are:

• strong roughness– determines its high adhesive properties with finishing materials;
• fire safety– the material does not burn with an open flame;
• high thermal insulation performance– thermal conductivity is only 0.08-0.1 W/sq. m;
• ease of processing– cutting, drilling, driving in dowels and nails is carried out without any problems;
• moisture absorption in the range from 35 to 45%;
• vulnerable to fungal mold at humidity above 35%.

Sawdust concrete

This material is similar to wood concrete, but it does not have such strict criteria for wood filler. The material is so called due to its composition - it consists of sand, concrete and sawdust of different fractions. In addition, this material may contain lime and clay, and the percentage of sand may exceed that of wood concrete. Thus, at the same density, the strength of sawdust concrete is less.

As a result of this, the weight load-bearing structure made of sawdust concrete will be greater than that of wood concrete with the same structural strength class - M. Thermal insulating properties sawdust concrete is also inferior to wood concrete.

The main advantage is the price of the material - consumer reviews also speak about this, which, in the absence of special requirements, makes its use more profitable.

In addition, the strength of sawdust concrete is inferior to wood concrete, but significantly exceeds the strength of other porous block materials of non-wood origin.

Cement particle boards

This material is a widespread type, made from a wood-shaving mixture mixed with water, cement and mineral additives, followed by dosing, molding, pressing and heat treatment.

TO characteristic features materials include:

• frost resistance;
• non-flammability;
• biological inertia.

This material is used in prefabricated housing construction. Area of ​​application: façade and interior work.

What makes the boards unique from other wood-based materials is their high moisture resistance. The disadvantages of this material include its relatively large weight - 1.4 t/cubic meter. m, which makes it difficult to work with them above the first floor. The second disadvantage is weak elasticity, which is why when the slab is slightly bent, it breaks. On the other hand, the plates are resistant to longitudinal deformation and are used to strengthen the frame.

Xylolite

Refers to sand materials based on magnesium binder and wood waste: sawdust and flour. The composition contains finely dispersed minerals: talc, marble flour and other ingredients, as well as alkaline pigments. During the production process it is used high pressure(10 MPa) and a temperature of about 90 ° C, which provides special strength during hardening.

Such slabs are used mainly for making floors.

The characteristic features of xylolite include:

• high compressive strength depending on the specific type (from 5 to 50 MPa);
• excellent resistance to impact loads - the material does not chip, but is dented;
• high noise and heat insulation properties;
• incombustible;
• frost-resistant;
• moisture resistant.

To learn how to make blocks from cement and sawdust with your own hands, see the following video.