Francis cherry variety description. Franz Joseph cherry
Description and photo of 21 varieties of cherries. The article talks about the varieties of cherries grown in the southern regions of Russia, their descriptions and photos.
April cherry variety.
Bred in Krasnodar by gardener A.I. Andrienko and became widespread in the Krasnodar region. The earliest variety in terms of ripening. Usually filmed from May 16 to May 21. At 25 years of age it produces up to 80 kg of fruit per tree. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years, is resistant to diseases and pests, has poor winter hardiness of flower buds, which often reduces its yield.
The fruits are of below-average size, weight 3.1 grams, oval in shape, with a flat top and base, dark red in color, slightly sweet, mediocre taste.
Little suitable for technical processing. Valued as the earliest variety for fresh consumption. The tree is healthy, vigorous, with a dense, rounded crown.
Pollinators— Daibera black, Ramon Oliva, Hedelfingen, Franz Joseph.
Is good pollinator for varieties: Krasa Kuban, Krasnodar early, Napoleon pink, Daibera black, Ramon Oliva, Hedelfingen.
White cherry variety from Borodo.
Brought to standard in 1950. Late ripening cherries, harvested June 18-26. It is distinguished by regular and high yields; at 15 years of age it produces 110 kg of fruits per tree. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years.
Severely damaged by fruit rot and cherry fly. Winter hardiness is high. When processed into compotes, it produces good products.
The fruits are below average size, weight 3.7 grams, wide-heart-shaped, yellow in color, pulp of medium density, sweet, good taste, juice is not colored.
The tree is healthy, with good growth, forms a dense, rounded crown with hanging branches.
It is valued as a late, stable and productive variety for processing into compotes.
Pollinator Daibera is black and Denissena is yellow.
Hedelfingen cherry variety.
Medium ripening variety, harvested June 11-21. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years, has an average yield, and at the age of 25 it produces 80 kilograms per tree. Resistant to diseases and pests, has insufficiently winter-hardy fruit buds.
The fruits are large, weight 5.9 grams, beautiful, wide-heart-shaped, with a slightly elongated apex, dark red in color. The pulp is dense, very good taste. Valued as an excellent variety for fresh consumption and freezing.
The tree is healthy, with good growth, dense, back pyramidal in shape.
Pollinators are Aprilka, Drogana yellow, Franz Joseph.
Serves herself pollinator for: Aprilka, Daibera black, Drogana yellow, Golden, Cassini early, Ramon olive, Franz Joseph.
Gaucher cherry variety.
The variety has a medium late ripening period and is not very common in the region. Filmed from June 14 to 23. The yield is average; at 15 years of age it produces 40 kilograms per tree. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years. The variety is quite winter-hardy and exhibits average resistance to diseases and pests.
The fruits are above average size, weighing 4.7 grams, wide oval in shape, dark red in color. The pulp is dense, very good taste, with a slight bitterness that does not spoil the taste. Gives good products when processed into compotes and frozen. Valued as a stable and productive variety for technical processing and fresh consumption.
The tree is healthy, vigorous, medium dense, wide-round in shape.
Pollinators are Drogana yellow, Daibera black, Golden, Crassini early, White from Bordeaux, Franz Joseph, Sama Gaucher.
A good pollinator for varieties: Daibera black, Drogana yellow, Zolotaya.
Cherry variety Gubena red.
More common in the northwestern regions of the Krasnodar Territory. The variety has a medium ripening period, the harvest is harvested from June 1 to June 11, at 15 years of age it produces 74 kilograms per tree, winter hardiness is good. Resistant to pests, but slightly resistant to fruit rot. Not easily transportable.
The fruits are medium in size, weight 3.9 grams, heart-shaped, with an elongated apex. The color is creamy, with a bright pink blush on the illuminated side. The pulp is tender, juicy, and has good taste. The tree is healthy, vigorous, with a wide-reverse-pyramidal crown.
Valued as a stable, productive variety for fresh consumption.
Cherry variety Bigarro Groll.
The variety is not widespread in the region. Late ripening period, harvested on June 14-24. The yield is not high - at the age of 15, 26 kilograms per tree. The winter hardiness of fruit buds is satisfactory and shows average resistance to diseases and pests.
The fruits are large in size, heart-shaped, with a retracted apex, weight 6.5 grams. The color is creamy, with a bright pink blush. The pulp is dense, with very good taste.
It is valued as a large, beautiful, high-tasting variety for fresh consumption and processing into compotes.
Daibera black cherry variety.
This cherry is widespread in the region. Medium-late ripening, harvested from June 8 to June 17. At 15 years of age it produces 80 kilograms per tree. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years. Winter-hardy, resistant to spring frosts. Resistant to pests, but severely affected by fruit rot. Little suitable for technical processing.
The fruits are large, weight 6.3 grams, beautiful, bluntly heart-shaped, dark red, dense flesh, very good taste.
Valued as a stable, productive and high-quality variety for fresh consumption.
The tree is healthy, with a dense crown, the crown is broadly oval in shape.
Pollinators are Drogana yellow, Cassini early, Ramon Oliva, Aprilka, Gaucher, Golden, Napoleon pink, Franz Joseph, Hedelfingen.
Daibera black itself serves as a good pollinator for the varieties: Aprilka, White from Bordeaux, Gaucher, Drogana yellow, Zolotaya, Cassini early, Napoleon pink, Ramon Oliva, Franz Joseph.
Denissena yellow cherry variety.
A late-ripening variety, harvested on June 15-27, average yield, at 15 years of age it produces 48 kilograms of fruit per tree, it begins to bear fruit at the age of 6. Winter hardiness is good. Among the pests, it is severely damaged by the cherry fly and during rains, during the ripening period - by fruit rot. Gives a very good product when processed into compotes. The variety is not suitable for freezing.
The fruits are large, wide-heart-shaped, with a pointed tip, light yellow in color, dense flesh, of good quality, weight 5.3 grams.
The tree is vigorous, with a wide, rounded shape and somewhat drooping branches.
Valued as a sustainable variety for processing into compotes.
Cherry variety Drogana yellow.
The variety is widespread in the region, late ripening, harvested June 15-27. The yield is average, at the age of 25 it produces 40 kilograms of fruit. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years. It is resistant to frost and not frost-resistant enough, it is damaged by cherry flies and, when it rains, by fruit rot. Sufficiently transportable. When processed into compotes it gives a very good product, but is not very suitable for freezing.
The fruits are medium-sized, oval-heart-shaped, with a rounded tip, yellow in color, dense flesh, good quality, fruit weight 4.7 grams.
The tree is of medium height, the crown is round and dense.
Valued as a variety for processing into compotes.
Pollinators are Golden, Daibera black, Hedelfingen, Gaucher, Napoleon pink, Franz Joseph.
It itself serves as a good pollinator for the varieties: Gaucher, Hedelfingenskaya, Daibera black, Zolotaya, Franz Joseph.
Cherry variety Golden.
Cherries are late ripening, harvested on June 17-28, and begin bearing fruit at 6 years of age. Productivity is average, but regular. At the age of 15 years it produces 40 kilograms per tree. It has satisfactory winter hardiness of fruit buds and is resistant to frost. Quite resistant to diseases and pests, quite transportable, good for processing into compotes, unsatisfactory when frozen.
The fruits are above average in size, average weight 4.9 grams, wide oval in shape. The color is yellow, the flesh is dense, of good quality. The tree is vigorous, dense, with a broad oval crown.
Valued as a fairly stable variety for processing.
Pollinators are Drogana yellow, Daibera black, Franz Joseph, Gaucher, Cassini early, Napoleon rosea, Hedelfingen, Ramon Oliva.
Golden itself is a good pollinator for Gaucher, Daibera nigra, Drogana yellow and Cassini early.
Early Cassini cherry variety.
Medium ripening period, harvested May 30 - June 9, average yield, at 16 years - 37 kilograms per tree. In Yeisk it is considered the most productive variety. Not sufficiently resistant to frost and frost, resistant to diseases and pests.
The fruits are above average size (average weight 5 grams), broadly heart-shaped, with a wide and deep even groove on the ventral suture. The color is dark red, the flesh is dense, of very good quality.
The tree is vigorous, dense, with a rounded crown. Valued as an early, high-quality variety for fresh consumption and technical processing.
Pollinators are Franz Joseph, Napoleon pink, Golden, Ramon Oliva, Daibera black.
In turn, it is a good pollinator for the varieties: Gaucher, Daibera black, Drogana yellow, Zolotaya, Napoleon pink, Ramon Oliva, Franz Joseph.
Cherry variety Krasa Kuban.
The variety was bred at the Krasnodar fruit and grape experimental station. Early ripening period: May 25 - June 2, fruiting period begins at 5 years. It is distinguished by regular, average yield; a seedling at the age of 15 years produces 54 kilograms. It is quite winter-hardy, resistant to diseases and pests, and is affected by fruit rot only in the event of heavy rains during the ripening period.
The fruits are large, on average 6.3 grams, wide-heart-shaped, the groove is shallow, with a small transverse corner. The color of the fruit is light cream, with a delicate blush, very beautiful. The pulp is medium density, very good quality.
Valued as an early, fairly stable, high-quality variety for fresh consumption.
A medium-sized tree with a dense, round, slightly flattened shape.
Cherry variety Krasnodar early.
The variety was bred at the Krasnodar fruit and grape experimental station. Ripens almost simultaneously with April, and is removed May 24-31. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years. It is distinguished by regular and good yield. A seedling at the age of 15 years produces 50 kilograms. Quite winter-hardy, resistant to diseases and pests.
The fruits are medium in size, broadly oval in shape, the groove is barely noticeable, the color is dark red, the pulp is medium dense, of good quality, fruit weight is 3.9 grams. It is valued as a very early, fairly stable variety with good taste.
Medium-sized tree, oval-shaped, dense crown.
April is a good pollinator.
Local Moldavian cherry variety.
Several of its forms are known. The most common is Moldavian black, medium in terms of ripening, often propagated by root shoots, characterized by regular and high yields, on average up to 80 kilograms per tree. Resistant against diseases and pests. Withstands transport well.
The fruits are small, on average 2.4 grams, elongated oval in shape, the groove is almost invisible, the color is dark red, with dark red coloring juice. The pulp is medium dense, sweet, sometimes a slight bitterness is felt when unripe.
Valued as a stable and productive variety for freezing.
The tree is vigorous, the crown is dense, round in shape.
Cherry variety Napoleon white.
Distributed mainly around the city of Krasnodar. Late ripening, harvested June 18-27. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years. Productivity is regular, of medium strength, on average at 15 years of age 45 kilograms. Quite winter-hardy, resistant to frost, unstable to cherry fly and fruit rot. Transportability is insufficient, but it produces very good compotes when processed.
The fruits are large, on average up to 5.3 grams, round in shape, the groove is hardly noticeable, with a small transverse corner. The color is light yellow, the flesh is dense, of very good quality.
Valued as a stable, late variety for fresh consumption and processing into compotes.
The tree is small, of medium density, with an oval-pyramidal crown.
Cherry variety Napoleon pink.
One of the most common varieties in the gardens of the Krasnodar region. Medium ripening period, harvested June 8-19, fruiting period begins at the age of 6 years. The yield is high, at the age of 15 years up to 100 kilograms per tree. The winter hardiness of fruit buds is weak, which is why its harvests are not regular, and it is not sufficiently resistant to diseases.
The fruits are above average in size, weight 5 grams, very beautiful, wide-heart-shaped, creamy, with a bright pink blush, the groove is hardly noticeable. The pulp is dense, gristly, of very good quality.
Valued as a high-quality variety for fresh consumption and compotes.
The tree is vigorous, with a sparse pyramidal crown.
Pollinators for it are Daibera black, Cassini early, Franz Joseph, Drogana yellow, Aprilka.
It itself serves as a good pollinator for the varieties: Dai bera black, Drogana yellow, Golden, Cassini early, Ramon Oliva, Franz Joseph.
Cherry variety Napoleon black.
Medium ripening period, begins to bear fruit at the age of 6 years. In Krasnodar it is considered a fairly productive variety. A 15-year-old tree produces up to 75 kilograms. Winter hardiness is satisfactory. Well suited for all types of technical processing - freezing and compotes.
The fruits are of medium size, weight 4.6 grams, broadly blunt-heart-shaped, flat in the abdominal part, with a barely noticeable groove, dark red in color, dense flesh, with colored juice, sweet, of good quality, with a slight bitterness.
The tree is vigorous, with sparse bare branches, the crown is inversely pyramidal in shape.
Valued as a variety excellent for all types of technical processing.
Cherry variety Ramon Oliva.
An early ripening variety, harvested from May 25 to June 2. It begins to bear fruit in the 5th year of life, produces regular and fairly good harvests, reaching up to 130 kilograms per tree at the age of 25. Frost resistance is sufficient, resistant to diseases and pests. Not very suitable for technical processing.
The fruits are above average in size, wide-heart-shaped, average weight 5 grams. The furrow of the ventral suture is wide and deep, with a clear longitudinal tubercle in the middle. The color is dark red, the flesh is loose, of good taste. The bone is large.
Valued as a stable variety with high taste.
The tree is large, with sparse bare branches, the crown is flat-round in shape.
Pollinators are Daibera black, Aprilka, Franz Joseph, Napoleon pink, Cassini red, Hedelfingentskaya.
It itself is a pollinator for the varieties: Aprilka, Daibera black, Zolotaya, Cassini early, Franz Joseph.
Cherry variety Franz Joseph.
Medium ripening variety; berries are harvested from June 12 to June 20. The tree begins to bear fruit at the age of 6 years, the yield is regular - 40 kilograms per tree at the age of 15 years. Winter hardiness is satisfactory, resistance to diseases and pests is average, it has good transportability, and is good for compotes.
The fruits are large, average weight 5.6 grams, very beautiful, oval in shape, the ventral seam is small with a saddle, the color is light yellow, with a bright blush on most of the fruit, the flesh is dense, cartilaginous, of very good quality.
Valued as a transportable variety, for fresh consumption and technical processing.
The tree is of medium height, the crown is broadly oval, not very compressed.
Pollinators are Ramon Oliva, Hedelfingentskaya, Cassini early, Drogana yellow, Napoleon pink, Franz Joseph.
It is a good pollinator for the following varieties: Aprilka, Gaucher, Gedelfingentskaya, Daibera black, Drogana yellow, Cassini early, Napoleon pink, Ramon Oliva.
Cherry variety French black.
A late variety of cherries, the fruits ripen on June 13-22, they begin to bear fruit at the age of 7 years, and at the age of 15 they produce 65 kilograms. Winter hardiness is satisfactory. The fruits are quite transportable, resistant to diseases and pests.
The fruits are of above-average size, weight 5.1 grams, oval in shape, the furrow of the ventral suture is barely pronounced, the color of the fruit is dark red. The pulp is dense, very good taste.
It is valued as a productive variety, with high taste, suitable for technical processing.
The tree is vigorous, the crown is flat-rounded, with strongly drooping branches, dense.
Cherry variety Black Eagle.
The fruits ripen on June 4-14 and begin bearing fruit at the age of 5 years. It is distinguished by regular harvests; on average, 25 kilograms are harvested from a 15-year-old tree.
The variety has good winter hardiness, is resistant to spring frosts, and is moderately resistant to diseases and pests. Little transportable.
The fruits are of below-average size, weight 3.5 grams, broadly heart-shaped, with a well-defined wide straight groove on the ventral suture. The color is dark red, the flesh is tender, juicy, and has a very good taste.
Valued as a stable, high-quality variety for fresh consumption and technical processing.
The tree is of below-average size, the crown is wide-pyramidal, compressed, and dense.
What fruit tree do you think is the most popular among gardeners? Of course it is cherries, because it is the sweetest and everyone’s favorite berry! We invite you to meet a real aristocrat among your fellow cherry Franz Joseph.
Taste cherry berries Franz Joseph honey-sweet, practically without sourness, the flesh is dense and meaty. Fruit cherries Franz Joseph large, average weight 5.6 grams, oval-shaped, yellow in color with a bright blush on most of the fruit. The berries are great for canning and transport well.
main feature varieties Franz Joseph- adaptability to sudden climate changes and severe drought. Even with a lack of water, cherries will bear fruit abundantly, but for active growth and rapid formation of fruits, the moisture level must be maintained by periodically watering.
Flowering begins in early May, since the plant prefers warmth, but the variety ripens quite late, only by the end of June.
Cherry Franz Joseph self-sterile; cherries of the Melitopolskaya, Drogana yellow, and Daibera varieties are suitable as a pollinator.
Tree cherries Franz Joseph large ones reach 3-4 m in height, spreading, the crown is wide but sparse. The leaves are large, oval, with sharp ends.
High resistance to diseases and pests, high winter hardiness are some of the advantages of the variety.
Landing cherries Franz Joseph It is desirable on the south side of the site, as the plant is heat-loving. This tree does not like stagnant water, so plant the seedling away from groundwater and coastal waters.
Root system cherry seedling Franz Joseph To be sent to the customer, it is packaged in an individual package of peat mixture, wrapped in film, so your seedling will arrive alive and full of energy.
Buy cherry seedlings Franz Joseph You can click the “Add to cart” button and place your order
Compared to other garden crops, such as apple trees, cherries appeared on our table relatively recently - during the times of ancient Greece. Its amazing taste has won our hearts forever and, perhaps, there is not a single person who is indifferent to these fruits.
Varieties of yellow cherries differ from their relatives - first of all, not even in the color of the berries (from red-yellow to white), but in their impeccable taste and high yield. A slight sourness in taste indicates a higher content of natural acids (malic, folic, ascorbic) and less sugar, and therefore fewer calories, compared to dark berries.
In addition, light varieties are less likely to cause allergic reactions. These trees are decorative not only during flowering, but also during the ripening period, when clusters of bright berries stand out against the background of dark green leaves.
Of the variety of varieties of yellow cherries, I would like to highlight such varieties as Appetitnaya, Priusadnaya, Drogana and Franz Joseph (or Francis).
Variety Appetizing
Cherry tree of the Appetitnaya variety is of medium height with a pyramidal crown.
The blunt heart-shaped fruits reach a medium size and weigh 3.4 grams, ripen late - in mid-July. The whitish skin of the berry is covered with a thick rainbow blush. The soft pink pulp has an excellent dessert taste with a slight sour tint.
A small bone is easily freed from pulp. Appetizing begins to bear fruit after 3 years and is capable of producing high yields every year. The variety is immune to coccomycosis (but this disease is quite common).
Variety Priusadnaya
Priusadnaya Zheltaya is a relatively young variety, obtained from the Red and Zolotistaya Loshitskaya cherries using modern technologies. Mostly distributed throughout the Central Black Earth regions of the country.
The garden plant blooms early and produces an early harvest. Like all cherries, the tree is tall with a tiered arrangement of branches, the crown is dense, spreading, rounded.
Large white flowers are collected in inflorescences, and during flowering a flower cap is formed on the tree. The berries are quite large (up to 5.5 grams), round with a wide funnel, and do not crack in rainy summers.
The pulp, like the skin, is lemon-colored, dense, its juiciness and sweet and sour taste are rated 4.7 out of 5 on the tasting scale.
The flowers successfully withstand short spring frosts, and the tree as a whole survives winter. It is considered an excellent variety for growing in the central part of the country. The variety is highly resistant to drought, fungal diseases and damage by harmful insects.
Variety Drogana
The Drogan yellow cherry acquired its name from the German breeder Drogan. This variety can easily be considered one of the most ancient and famous. Due to its high adaptive properties, it is widespread not only in Western Europe, but also in Ukraine, Belarus, Crimea, Central Asia and the North Caucasus.
An adult, rather tall tree has a medium-density crown of a pyramidal shape, closer to round. The fruits are large in size, weighing up to 8 grams (average weight - 6.5 grams), heart-shaped, and have an attractive presentation. They ripen late, but at the same time.
The surface of the skin is smooth, thin, delicate, its color lives up to its name - yellow. The pulp is dense, straw-colored, very juicy and sweet. The taste qualities of the fruit were rated 4.6 out of 5 by professional tasters. The small stone is difficult to detach from the pulp.
In the 3rd year the first harvest appears. The berries have a universal purpose: they are excellent fresh, as compotes and jam, and can even be dried. Not recommended for freezing due to the thin skin. Due to the fact that Drogana blooms late, the possibility of death of flower buds from spring frosts is practically eliminated - this allows it to be cultivated in the more northern regions of the country.
Take note: The variety is self-sterile, but if there are pollinators on the site, it has a high, stable yield. Francis, Gaucher, Bigarro, White Grolla, Denissena yellow, Napoleon pink, Bagration are suitable for this purpose.
Both wood and generative tree buds are resistant to low temperatures. Confidently tolerates dry periods and quickly adapts to various soils.
Disadvantages include the possibility of fruit cracking (in rainy seasons this can lead to gray fruit rot) and their low transportability. It resists well the attack of the pest – the cherry fly.
Variety Franz Joseph (Francis, Francis)
The variety was bred at the end of the 19th century in the Czech Republic. The material has been under state variety testing since 1947, and in the same year it was entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the North Caucasus District under the name of Franz Joseph.
A tall, healthy, spreading tree with a round crown and large leaves looks great in the garden. The branches form an oval wide crown.
The fruits are yellow in color, almost completely covered with a bright, carmine blush, quite large in size and weighing up to 7 grams. The juicy pulp is pink-yellow in color and colorless juice has a pleasant sweet taste with a sour note; it is assigned 4.5 points on the tasting scale.
The small bone is difficult to free from the pulp. The variety is self-sterile; the berries ripen relatively late - towards the end of June.
Good to know: The best varieties for pollination are the cherries of Gedelfingen, Drogana yellow, Denissena yellow, Zolotaya, Zhabule, Daibera black, Kassina rannyaya, Krupnoplodnaya, Napoleon pink, Melitopol black.
After 6 years, the first harvest appears on the trees, and in the future productivity can range from 70 to 115 kg, depending on the growing area.
The berries are good both fresh and after processing, however, they are not suitable for freezing.
It tolerates winter periods with low temperatures well, only sometimes in severe winters damage to the trunks is noted. Perhaps, Franz Joseph is one of the most transportable varieties of cherries, which, along with the ability to produce high yields, the attractive appearance of the fruit and their excellent table qualities, distinguishes it from its analogues.
It is characterized by satisfactory winter hardiness, as well as resistance to drought, good immunity to diseases and pests.
yellow color is no different from the cultivation of other varieties of this species. Considering that these crops practically do not pollinate on their own, and the ovaries are formed by transferring pollen from the flower of one plant to another (so-called cross-pollination), we advise you to plant not just one tree, but two or three specimens of different varieties.
When initially planting, the branches can be shortened by a quarter. In subsequent years, in the spring, when the tree is still dormant, it is carried out by removing dry, frozen and excess branches.
The cut areas must be lubricated with garden varnish or other antiseptic. The main thing is to prevent it from growing too much in the second half of summer and to keep the size of the tree at the size required by the gardener.
Yellow cherries require regular watering throughout the growing season, but they do not like excess liquid in the soil - this can lead to the death of the roots. She is sensitive to feeding - mineral and organic.
The main fertilizing is applied to the plant in the spring, in the fall - only phosphorus fertilizers (no more than 60 grams per 1 m2 of area).
Like many fruit trees, cherries can become infected with fungal diseases - coccomycosis and clasterosporiosis. To combat these diseases, we recommend cutting and burning affected branches and shoots in the fall, as well as destroying all fallen leaves.
- It is undesirable to get carried away with spraying chemical mixtures without any particular reason, since they have the ability to accumulate harmful substances, but if signs of disease are present, then you can use a solution of Bordeaux mixture:
- to combat coccomycosis, treat the plant with a 1% solution two weeks after flowering and after harvesting the fruits;
To protect against klyasterosporiosis, use a 3% solution in the spring before the start of the growing season.
If signs of disease by harmful insects appear, it is necessary to treat the cherry trees with an appropriate insecticide. In winter, to protect against rodents, the cherry tree trunk must be tied with suitable material, and the tree trunk circle must be covered with hay to prevent freezing.
Many people consider cherries to be capricious and caring for them is a troublesome task. However, firstly, any plant needs care and attention, and secondly, it’s worth it. All your efforts will be gratefully accepted by your wards, and they will delight you with a good harvest.
Watch a video about how yellow cherries of the Priusadbnaya variety bear fruit:
Juicy and tasty, loved by many, cherries in the garden can sometimes bring disappointment due to a small or absent harvest. And information on the selection of cherry varieties is sometimes too difficult to understand. Therefore, to help those starting to plant a garden, a table has been developed with a brief description of cherry tree varieties with photos and a list of pollinators. Recommendations for planting and caring for cherries are also given.
Cherry varieties: photo with name and description
Sweet cherry (Cerasus avium, bird cherry) is a valuable and earliest fruit crop, exceeding the yield of common cherries. Cherry fruits ripen early, along with edible honeysuckle - in June, and due to early ripening they become a source of fresh natural vitamins for us and children already at the beginning of summer. The fruit of the plant is a single-locular drupe with a tasty, juicy pericarp.
The leaves of sweet cherries are large, elongated oval or oblong obovate with rounded red glands on the petioles. The trees can reach 20 meters in height, and in favorable conditions live up to 100 years.
Most often, cherries require a pollinator, since self-fertile varieties are rare. This is why cherries often cause disappointment among amateur gardeners: they bought and planted a seedling, and then they wait and wait, but either there is no harvest or it is extremely meager. This is, of course, a big mistake and dishonesty on the part of the sellers. Is it difficult to warn the buyer that the variety is cross-pollinated, so that later there will be no questions “why does the cherry bear fruit poorly” or “why does it not bear fruit at all”? When selecting varieties, you need to carefully study their descriptions; pollinators should be listed there. But, unfortunately, pollinators have not been selected and described for all even zoned varieties.
However, there are self-fertile varieties and hybrids of cherries, because selection does not stand still. Basically, these are new generation cherries, and they must be ordered from foreign catalogues:
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There are many classifications of cherries - according to crown type, fruit ripening time, pulp density, and so on. For convenience, here is a description of varieties that deserve planting in amateur gardens. The selection is grouped by fruit color:
| Variety | Description | Pollinators |
| yellow cherry | ||
| Drogana Yellow (Bigarro Drogana, Late yellow)* | A vigorous tree with a dense pyramidal crown. The most winter-hardy tree with a wide growing area; Large cream-colored fruits without blush. The pulp is dense, with a pleasant sweet taste. The bone is difficult to separate from the pulp. Late deadline | Napoleon Pink, Griot Ostheimsky (cherry), Bagration, Denissena Yellow, Gaucher, Cassini Early |
| Denissena Yellow (Bigarro yellow)  | A healthy, vigorous tree with a wide crown and somewhat drooping branches. Frost-resistant; The fruits are late in maturity, light amber in color, very tender, and often wrinkle if not handled carefully. The bone is separated; Transportability is low | Drogana yellow, Cassini early, South embankment, Gedelfingen |
| Leningrad yellow  | The tree is highly winter-hardy, vigorous, with a dense, wide-rounded crown; Late ripening. The fruits are golden amber in color. Transportability is average | Leningradskaya pink, Leningradskaya black, Zorka |
| Franz Joseph (Francis, Bigarro Franz Joseph)  | The tree is large with a pyramidal crown, sparse. Frost resistance is good; The fruit is amber in color with a thick skin, covered with blush. | South embankment red, Drogana yellow, Zhabule |
| Amber  | A vigorous tree with a round-pyramidal dense crown; The fruits are golden-yellow with dense pulp, with a pleasant mild sourness. Mid-late ripening period. The pit is semi-detachable; Transportability is good | Iput, Northern, Ovstuzhenka, Gronkavaya |
 | The tree is vigorous and of medium density. Winter-hardy and drought-resistant; The fruits are yellow with a light red blush. Pulp with pleasant Berries do not tolerate transportation over long distances. | self-fertile |
| General's  | The tree is vigorous with a rounded crown. Winter-hardy; Medium ripening fruits, yellow with carmine The fruits can be stored for about 4 days, but are of little use for | |
| black cherry | ||
| Tyutchevka  | A medium-sized tree with a sparse rounded spreading crown; The fruits are mid-late ripening, dark red with dense red flesh. Dry detachment of the stalk; A transportable variety, the fruits crack in rainy summers | the presence of the following varieties on the site increases the yield: Iput, Revna, Raditsa, Ovstuzhenka |
| Yuzhnoberezhnaya red (Bigarro Daibera, Cypress black, Yuzhnoberezhnaya)  | The tree is pyramidal in shape, vigorous, frost-resistant. Grows better in places protected from the wind; The fruit is black-brown-red in color with a pronounced longitudinal line of the ball. The pulp is dark red, tender, sweet with a subtle, barely noticeable sourness. Early ripening; Transportability is excellent, ripe fruits stay on the tree for a long time | Jaboulet, Franz Joseph, Napoleon pink: Cassini early, April |
 | A tree of medium height, with a wide pyramidal, well-leafed habit. Winter hardiness is good; Early ripening fruits. The color of the fruits when fully ripe is almost black, the flesh is dark red, of medium density. The separation is dry; Transportable variety. During rainy seasons the fruits crack | Revna, Tyutchevka, Raditsa, Bryansk pink, Ovstuzhenka |
| Leningradskaya Black  | The tree is highly winter-hardy, medium-sized; Mid-late variety. Skin with dark red, almost black High transportability | Leningrad pink, Leningradskaya Yellow, Red Dense, Fatezh |
 | The tree is medium-sized. High winter hardiness; The fruits are dark red, almost black. Dense dark red In rainy times, the fruits do not crack, | Partially self-fertile, but at times the presence of the following varieties on the site increases the yield: Ovstuzhenka, Iput, Tyutchevka, Raditsa |
| Ovstuzhenka  | The tree is medium-sized, rounded and of medium density. Winter hardiness is high; The fruits are dark red and early ripening. Pulp In humid summers, the fruits do not crack, it is easy | Partially self-fertile, but at times the presence of the following varieties on the site increases the yield: Iput, Revna, Tyutchevka, Raditsa |
| Large-fruited  | A vigorous tree with a rounded crown of medium density. Winter hardiness is quite high; The fruits are dark red, large with a sweet and sour taste. The stone is separated from the pulp medium. The stalk is separated with a dry tear; Transportability is good | Surprise, Francis, Daibera black, Bigarro Oratovsky |
| pink cherry | ||
| Napoleon Pink (Bigarro Napoleon, Esperin cherry)  | A medium-sized tree with a sparse pyramidal crown. Low winter hardiness; Average ripening period. Fruits are yellow with cherry red If there is too much moisture, the fruits will crack. | Drogana yellow |
| Leningradskaya Pink  | A tall tree with a lush crown. Withstands winter cold well; Medium-late ripening with very sweet fruits, on the illuminated side there is a pronounced dark pink blush. The pulp is creamy, sweet with slight sourness. The bone is easily separated from the pulp; High transportability | Red Dense, Adeline |
| red cherries | ||
| Krasnodar Early  | The tree is strong or medium-sized with a round-oval, dense crown. Frost resistance is good; The fruits are the earliest ripening, dark red in color with red dense flesh. The stone is easily separated from the pulp. The fruits become smaller when the tree is overloaded with crops. The separation of the stalk from the fruit is dry and easy; | Not found in sources, may be suitable varieties with high-quality pollen: Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Krymskaya, Iput and the new self-fertile variety Lapinz |
 | The tree is medium-sized with a round, spreading crown of medium density. Frost resistance is good; The fruits are red, mid-early ripening. The pulp is light pink with a sweet and sour taste; Good transportability of fruits | Not found in sources, may be suitable varieties with high-quality pollen: Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Krymskaya, Iput and the new self-fertile variety Lapinz |
| Melitopol early  | The tree is medium-sized, with a medium-dense oval crown. Winter-hardy; The fruits are of medium early ripening, red to dark red with dense pulp, the seeds are well separated from the pulp; Transportable variety | Franz Joseph, Bigarro Oratovsky, Daibera black, Large-fruited, Resort, Surprise, |
 | A vigorous tree with a round, spreading crown. Frost resistance is average; An early variety with dark red fruits and dense dark cherry pulp. Sweet with a pleasant slight sourness. The bone separates well; The fruits are transportable | Not found in sources, may be suitable varieties with high-quality pollen: Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Krymskaya, Iput and the new self-fertile variety Lapinz |
| Italian  | A tree with a pyramidal crown of medium height; Early ripening fruits with dessert taste, large, dark red, easily separated from the stone; Transportability is excellent | Not found in sources, possibly self-fertile variety |
*In the table, synonyms of varieties are given in parentheses.
An interesting observation is made by the Donetsk Experimental Station: when cherries and cherries are planted together, better pollination of cherry trees is observed. This is explained by the fact that cherry trees bloom earlier than cherry trees, and their pollen is durable and remains on insects for a long time. That’s why they pollinate better when the cherries begin to bloom.
Cherry: planting and care
Cherry is demanding of soil, heat and light. Prefers air- and moisture-permeable soils rich in organic matter and does not tolerate stagnant water. Foothill zones are very suitable for growing cherries. It is thermophilic, so it works well in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Moldova, southern Ukraine, and southern Kazakhstan.
The middle parts of warm slopes with south-eastern and south-western exposure, protected from the prevailing winds, are suitable for cherries. On the plains it is severely damaged by frost and cannot be recommended for industrial cultivation. But in home gardening, it is cultivated in such conditions, insulating the trunk. Cherry trees are not suitable for areas with close groundwater, as well as flooded areas.
When planting seedlings, they follow the rule common to all stone fruits - do not deepen the root collar (not to be confused with the grafting site). It is best to plant during the period when the plant is resting - in spring or autumn. Before planting, it is advisable to dip the roots of a seedling with an open root system in “chatter” (a thick solution of clay with mullein) to heal the damage.
A prerequisite for good survival of young cherries is pruning by a third of the length of all shoots. This must be done in order to balance the growth of the seedling in the first year after planting. After all, its roots are severely damaged, and if pruning is not carried out, the plant that has begun to grow will draw nutrients from the bark, which will greatly weaken the cherry seedling.
Planting is carried out in a small mound or level with the ground to prevent the accumulation of flood waters. When planting, each layer of soil is shed generously, and after completion of planting work, the upper level is generously mulched with plant residues, or the turf is returned (in this case, at the beginning of work, the upper turf layer is carefully laid on the litter). In traditional agricultural technology, it is recommended to keep the land around young cherry plantings fallow, but in the practice of natural farming, bare soil is not welcome due to soil erosion and drying out.
To naturally protect cherries from coccomycosis, it is useful to plant lilies of the valley in the circles near the trunks (cherries also like this neighborhood, by the way). These ground covers are somewhat aggressive - although they do not grow immediately, but with age they can escape beyond the allotted space. To curb their growth, it is better to immediately dig in a border strip, or provide for the laying of paths from slabs and other limiters. Try to do this in the first years of the tree’s life, so as not to disturb the roots of the cherry later.
Pruning young cherries
It is not uncommon to see cherry trees a la pyramidal poplar on amateur plots, where the entire crop has fled to the periphery to the crown, and the owners are simply afraid to collect it. Therefore, when growing cherry trees, it is extremely important to form a crown from a very young age, since cherries are characterized by strong growth and weak shoot formation.
When pruning young cherries, they try to give the tree a sparsely tiered shape on a trunk of 50 cm. When laying the crown, it is advisable to leave 3-4 branches in each tier, and make the distance between tiers about 50 cm. When the height of the seedling reaches 3-4 m, the guide is removed from using a cutting on a weak side branch.
In the first 5 years after planting, severe shortening of shoots is used, the main purpose of which is to reduce growth and provoke branching. In this case, weak branches up to 20 cm are not shortened, and excess branches and competitors of conductors (the so-called wen or tops) are removed to the ring.
Shortening branches at fruiting age is not used; if necessary, thinning and sanitary pruning is carried out. In an aging garden, when no growth is observed for a couple of years, gradual rejuvenating pruning is allowed: skeletal branches are pruned with transfer to strong lateral branches of 2-3 years of age.
Well, if you missed the shaping time and the crown ran high up, pick up a hacksaw with a stepladder and study the diagram for lowering the tree
How to insulate cherry seedlings for the winter
Separately, in caring for cherries, it is worth noting the pre-winter insulation of trunks in windy and flat unprotected areas. Preparation for the winter of cherries is carried out mainly after the first snow, when the leaves caught by frost begin to fall off. Wrap the trunk and part of the skeletal branches of the tree with agrofibre or cardboard. So be prepared for the fact that the first couple of years is extremely necessary in windy open areas near warm cherry seedlings for the winter.
How to protect cherries from birds
And one last thing: birds readily peck at the cherry fruits (where, in fact, the Latin name “bird cherry” comes from). Therefore, the correct, reduced crown formation will make the task of protecting the crop easier - it will be easier to throw a protective net over the tree to protect the cherries from birds. All and sundry peck at the berries - starlings, titmice, and even their chicks.
There is also a folk method of protection - onions. 4-5 large onions are cut in half and attached between the branches of the tree.
Here is a short summary of all the information on how to choose cherries for planting. Although this data may not seem new to “advanced” gardeners, this is just a form convenient for beginners, shown in the table. The information will allow you to identify your favorite varieties of cherries from a photo with name and description. We hope it will be easier for you to navigate when selecting cherry varieties for starting a new orchard. Good luck to you in this difficult undertaking!
Materials used from VNIISPK (All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops) and sources indicated on the page “
It’s on your site, sometimes it’s difficult to make the best choice. We invite you to get acquainted with a real aristocrat among his brothers - “Franz Joseph” (other names are “Francis” and the not very euphonious “Dense Meat”).
History of selection
Unfortunately, reliable data regarding the history of the selection of this variety has not been preserved, as well as information about why it received the name of the famous Austrian emperor from the Habsburg dynasty.
Nevertheless, we know for sure that the variety came to us from Western Europe, most likely from the Czech Republic, where, in turn, it appeared at the end of the 19th century.
It is believed that its author is Joseph-Eduard Prohe, who, by the way, was not a breeder, but a pomologist, that is, a scientist who studies plant varieties. Perhaps it was the author’s own name that was included in the name of the new variety, linking it out of modesty with the name of his great namesake.
Did you know?is one of the most ancient domesticated by humans, its bones were discovered at sites of primitive people dating back to approximately the eighth millennium BC, and in the 4th century BC Theophrastus, an ancient Greek naturalist, mentioned sweet fruits in his writings.
In the Soviet Union, they began to actively look at the Czechoslovak variety after the end of World War II. In 1947 it was included in the state register, and since 1974 it began to be grown on an industrial scale mainly in the North Caucasus region, in particular in Kabardino-Balkaria, Adygea, North Ossetia, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, as well as Karachay-Cherkessia. 
Today “Francis” is well known, loved and successful bred almost throughout the entire territory of Ukraine(in particular, in Donetsk, Dnepropetrovsk, Kirovograd, Zaporozhye, Kherson, Nikolaev, Odessa, Ternopil, Khmelnitsky, Chernivtsi, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and other regions), as well as in Moldova and Central Asia. The European variety feels especially good on the Crimean Peninsula.
In Russia, in addition to the regions mentioned above, it is also grown in the Rostov region.
Description of the tree
By developing new varieties of cherries, breeders are trying to achieve increased crop resistance to storage and transportation, and it must be said that this task is being successfully solved. However, “Franz Joseph” continues to be among the best cherry varieties in terms of this important indicator, especially in industrial production conditions. 
Resistance to environmental conditions and diseases
I. Prohe brought out enough resistant cherry variety. The tree is relatively resistant to various environmental conditions (suffice it to recall the rather wide area of its zoning), and copes with attacks. As for fungal infections, the situation here is also generally not bad. During the fruiting period, the most dangerous for cherries is gray rot (spread by the fungus Botrytis cinerea), which often affects the fruit in too wet weather and can greatly affect the volume and quality of the harvest.
Three other harmful stone fruits - , cleasterosporia and - can also cause some damage to "Franz Joseph". To a lesser extent, a monilial burn is dangerous for a tree (one point out of three possible, that is, the probability of damage is no more than 33.3%), with the other two things are a little worse: the probability of damage to coccomycosis is 62.5%, clusterosporiasis, or perforated spotting - about 70%. However, compared to other varieties of cherries, these indicators are not such a bad result!
Drought resistance
Cherry is a southern tree, so frost is much more dangerous for it than drought. It is enough that the plant does not experience a lack of moisture during the period when it enters the active growth phase after winter and begins to form fruits. 
Fortunately, there is usually enough water in the ground at this time; on the contrary, due to an excess of moisture during the ripening period, the berries begin to crack. This is an eternal problem for gardeners growing cherries. The tree should be planted generously in the middle, but the purpose of this procedure is to help the cherry tree survive a difficult time for it - winter, because, as you know, dry soil freezes more strongly.
Nevertheless, among other varieties of cherries, “France Joseph” does not stand out for its drought resistance and in this parameter is inferior to such varieties as “Kitaevskaya Chernaya”, “Krupnoplodnaya”, “Polyanka”, “Priusadennaya”, “Russkaya”, “Melitopolskaya Rannyaya”, and even to such less drought-resistant varieties as “Bakhor”, “Biggaro white Napoleon”, “Biggaro Oratovsky”, “Vinka” and “Vystavochnaya”.
Winter hardiness
Everything is good in cherries - the yield, the taste of the fruit, and even resistance to and. One problem: trees practically do not tolerate frost. For this reason, for a long time, cherries were grown exclusively in the southern regions and remained practically inaccessible even to. It is for this reason that breeders have directed every effort to push cherries at least a little further north.
"Franz Joseph" is one of the first such attempts. If you remember the map, it will become clear that the Czech Republic - the birthplace of the variety - is located much north of the Crimea, in winter it can be quite cold there (up to -30 ° C!), and heavy snowfalls are often replaced by thaws and new ones, and when the temperature rises, sharp blows often occur. sometimes gusty winds. All these are not very familiar conditions for southern fruit trees, however, “Franz Joseph” was bred precisely in such climatic conditions. 
By existing standards, “Francis” is still usually classified as a variety of medium frost resistance, since recently there are varieties of cherries that can grow much further north.
Important!The most winter-hardy varieties of cherries are considered to be “Leningradskaya Rozovaya”, “Serdechko”, as well as the Estonian representative of the species - “Meelika”.
In this regard, when growing in cold winter conditions, young seedlings are strongly recommended to be covered for the winter during the first two years of life, and also, as already mentioned, to take care of preparation for frost (abundant to a depth of at least 40 cm and subsequent circle around the trunk to prevent evaporation moisture).
