DIY mounted disc harrow. Harrow for walk-behind tractor - types, functions and self-production

Both industrial large-scale, private, and even amateur farming cannot do without loosening the soil. In a flower bed with tulips or a bed with dill, an area of ​​​​a couple square meters A hand hoe can successfully perform this operation. A plot of tens of acres (one hundredth is a plot of land of one hundredth of a hectare with an area of ​​10 x 10 = 100 m2), sown, for example, with potatoes, will most likely require more powerful agricultural machines. And to loosen the soil you will need a harrow. Tooth or disk, homemade or factory-made, aggregated by a walk-behind tractor, horse-drawn or even human. The most common and simple type of harrow is tooth harrow.

It is not difficult to make such an agricultural implement with your own hands. It is important not to make a mistake with the size and weight so that the harrow, instead of promoting the harvest, does not “bury” it. So, about everything in more detail.

Types of surface tillage. Processing without formation turnover

Methods (types) machining little soil. In different sources they may be classified differently and have different names. So, processing involves, in addition to compaction (rolling, slamming, pressing), three types of loosening:

Loosening the soil with soil turnover;

Loosening without formation turnover;

Loosening with leveling.

If we're talking about about preparing the soil for the winter in middle lane In Russia, this is most often loosening with formation turnover, or plowing. All types of plow shares provide and different result. Thus, a plow with a cylindrical surface of the ploughshare partially wraps the layer, but breaks it along its entire length, simultaneously providing good loosening. But the screw ploughshare turns the layer exactly 180°, keeping it almost unchanged and well burying weed seeds to a depth (where a significant part of them dies due to distance from light and heat).

Some types of harrows also partially wrap the formation; for example, the Zubovaya, its “relative,” is an agricultural implement that performs loosening and leveling.

Purposes of harrowing

What is harrowing used for? After all, there is plowing and cultivation. These agricultural techniques loosen the subsoil layer and promote air supply to the root systems of crops. And what can a toothed harrow compare to a plow or a chisel? Light processing of the surface itself, nothing more. But this type of influence on the field is sometimes in demand.

A simple example. The field is plowed on loam, there has been no rain for a week, but on the contrary, the sun heats the giant clods of earth formed during the plowing process, and a warm breeze drives out the remaining moisture from them. What will happen if you simply put grain seeders into such areas? Anything but not sowing grain. You shouldn't expect a harvest with this type of farming.

If the land is located on difficult, heavy soils, a tooth harrow will work successfully after plowing. The heavy structure, bristling with metal teeth, will break heavy clods.

And the already smooth surface, now consisting of lumps no larger than a few centimeters in size, will not dry out ahead of time and will be ready to give life to a new harvest.

Classification of tooth harrows

Conventionally, the tooth harrow can be divided into three classes:

Heavy (one tooth of such an agricultural implement presses on the ground with a force of approximately 2-3 kg);

Medium (tooth pressure from 1 to 2 kg);

Light (no more than one kilogram - the pressure of the tooth of this harrow).

IN Lately the classification is rapidly changing due to the increasingly widespread use of units for complex soil cultivation. In one pass, such a machine wraps the layer, destroys it into lumps of a given size, levels the surface, and, if necessary, compacts it and even applies mineral fertilizers.

Application of different types of harrows

The most difficult soils from the point of view of agricultural technology are clays and loams. To break up clods after plowing (reverse plowing) or chiseling, a heavy toothed harrow is used. The coupling of such implements is usually combined with tractors of class 2 and above.

Previously, the use of such couplings was a whole undertaking. The hitch itself and the harrows included in it were transported to the work site in a trailer. It took several people to assemble all the pieces of agricultural equipment together. Modern hydraulic tooth harrows can be easily maintained by one operator. Directly on the field, the harrow can be transferred from the transport position, thanks to the presence of hydraulic drives, to the working position at the touch of a button.

Medium harrows work on light soils - sandstones and sandy loams. But the use of light harrows is associated not with the type of soil, but with technology. With their help, “moisture sealing” is most often done - breaking the crust that forms after precipitation. This is done in order to destroy the channels through which moisture was absorbed into the ground - to save water for plants.

Light harrows are also used to control weeds. Weeds that have just sprouted from seed fall to the surface along with the roots and die from dehydration.

DIY harrow

The design of a tooth harrow is simple. The simplest agricultural implement for loosening and leveling the soil layer is made like a regular wooden grate. The distance between adjacent teeth, if we talk about small ones personal plots, can be planned in the range from 100 to 200 mm.

Teeth can be inserted into the grid units in different ways:

The easiest way is to drive nails of sufficient thickness and then bite off the heads. Not the best The best decision from the point of view of reliability, it is suitable for a light harrow (fighting weeds until the crop has sprouted, sealing off moisture).

Instead of nails, you can use thick screws, and the unthreaded part remains outside as a working area.

Pieces of reinforcement 8-12 mm, driven with guaranteed interference into pre-prepared holes.

A metal harrow will be better and more reliable. As slats, you can use any available rolled steel: angle, channel, pipes, etc. Just do not weld the teeth (pieces of steel reinforcement are most often used as them) directly to the surface of the harrow. Such a tooth is likely to break off quickly. Holes are pre-drilled in the slats, prepared rods are inserted and their exit points are welded on both sides.

For areas with difficult terrain

You can make a tooth harrow with your own hands with just over complex design. It will work perfectly as a light harrow for breaking up capillary crusts and also for killing weeds. A special feature of its design is the articulation of the elements.

Such a tool will do an excellent job of weeding precisely because of its segmented structure - not a single depression or convexity of the sown area will be left without the “attention” of its teeth.

Toothed rotary harrow

Appeared in domestic crop production relatively recently. It is most often used in potato cultivation. After passing such a harrow, the farmer receives the right bed trapezoidal section. The harrow pulls out weeds perfectly and loosens the soil wonderfully. What is important is that it can be used until the potatoes bloom - the rotor teeth practically do not damage the plant stems.

Another plus. After the rotor passes, the potatoes end up in beds at a height relative to the general field level. Thanks to this, since the ridges warm up better, earlier and more vigorous seedlings of the crop are ensured.

A disc harrow for a mini tractor is a type of attachment and is designed for soil cultivation. This device loosens the soil, allows you to level the soil surface, destroys the crust, eliminates weeds, and protects the soil from drying out.

Soil humidity must be at least 50%, otherwise dust will form, which is unacceptable for agricultural crops.

Disc harrow for mini tractor

A disc harrow is used when the tractor speed is no more than 7 km/h. In this case, the draft force of the tractor itself is used. When loosening the soil, the structure is used together with a plow to improve the harrowing process. Disc harrows for tractors are used in regions where the soil moisture level is no more than 25%. This design

consists of several disks located vertically at a slight angle to the main axis of the mechanism. At the same time, it becomes possible to adjust the depth and angle of tillage.

When the equipment is operating, the discs perform the function of a blade and a plowshare, which reduces the load on the tractor and effectively loosens the soil. Such equipment is used in fields with big amount plant residues, while the grass is wrapped around the discs and does not clog the space between them. Currently, these devices are sold for tractors with a width of 1100 mm or 1500 mm. Depending on the power of the mini tractor, it is used attachments

with a certain number of disks.

Such equipment can be made at home from scrap materials.

• Self-made structures have the following advantages:
• productivity increases to 2 ha/h;
• the design can perform many tasks;
• the mechanism has a large working width;

Such attachments have a low cost.

How to make a disc harrow for a mini tractor with your own hands

Let's look at how a homemade disc harrow for a mini tractor is made.

• First of all, you need to prepare the following materials:
• channel;
• corner;
• used car wheels;
• strong belt;
• disks;
• wheels of small diameter.

See » TOP 3 most popular models of Chinese Fighter mini tractors

A do-it-yourself harrow for a mini tractor is made from these materials.

The structure will consist of the following components:

• frame made of metal corners;
• disks;
• bracket;
• rotation mechanism;
• beams;
• wheels.

A harrow for a walk-behind tractor is an attachment designed to crush a layer of soil after plowing or simultaneously with plowing. It can be used when planting seeds during sowing or when leveling the surface of an area after rough processing - for example, after digging up potatoes.

Such equipment is not used so often - most walk-behind tractors are of the cultivator type, and harrowing is usually not required after such processing. However, large walk-behind tractors often require a harrow, especially after plowing virgin land, fallow lands, or after green manure. Harrowing allows you to speed up the drying and warming of the surface layer of the earth, activates the absorption of nutrients from the soil and improves the digestibility of organic and mineral fertilizers.

Types of harrows

Harrows are divided into the following types:

1. Dental
2. Disk
3. Rotary

Tooth harrow

The tooth harrow is the oldest of known to man. It consists of several rows of teeth that pass through the soil during processing, loosening and leveling it. They differ in the number of teeth - for a walk-behind tractor, they most often use a wide one, in which the teeth are arranged in three or four rows and often.

It is most rational to use it with traction-type walk-behind tractors, for example, Neva or MTZ. These walk-behind tractors are capable of developing significant longitudinal force and have increased traction with the soil, which is necessary for work.

A subtype of the tine harrow is the spring harrow, which is often used when cultivating an agricultural plot with a tractor. When working with a walk-behind tractor, springs instead of teeth will allow you to reduce their number and dimensions, and they rarely break.

Disc harrow

Is an active harrow. This tool is best used with cultivator-type walk-behind tractors - on traction ones you will have to design a power take-off shaft. Tillage is carried out by cutting through it with rotating discs.

The discs can have a straight shape, be turned at different angles relative to the axis of rotation, or have a cup shape. Cup ones are more difficult to manufacture, but they allow you to wrap the layer - thereby taking on some of the plowing functions. Such discs are perfect for planting green manure or shallow early plowing before weeds emerge. early sowing potatoes or grains.

The edges of the disks are usually made of an uneven shape so that they cut the soil more easily during plowing and experience less resistance when rotating inside the formation.

Rotary harrow

Such a harrow is somewhat reminiscent of both a cultivator and a disc harrow. Both it and the cultivator have rotating toothed parts that cut into the ground and turn over small parts of it. It differs from a cultivator in its shallow working depth and a large number of working teeth. Unlike a disk harrow, the disks of a rotary harrow are always located at right angles to the axis of rotation.

The teeth of the active rotor have a special bend, depending on the radius of the disk itself and the coefficient of adhesion with the soil of the wheels of the walk-behind tractor - the greater the slip, the more the tooth should be bent. When working, they pierce the soil at right angles, thereby ensuring its aeration. When emerging, such a tooth slightly pries up the soil, pulling out small weeds that have not yet had time to take deep roots.

Working with an active rotary harrow is possible even after the plants have sprouted - it does not injure large plants and practically does not damage them. Its use allows you to save on mineral and organic fertilizers– due to aeration, substances are actively absorbed from the air. This also promotes root growth.

Homemade tooth harrow for walk-behind tractor

It is easiest to make with your own hands. To do this, it will be enough to have materials, a grinder and welding inverter. Allows for pre-planting soil loosening and filling of fine seed material. It is not a power harrow and is suitable for working with a traction-type walk-behind tractor.

Design

Drawing of a harrow for a walk-behind tractor

A harrow is a grid to which teeth are rigidly welded or bolted. In the front part it has a towing device - usually this is one that is inserted into the towbar pipe of the walk-behind tractor and then secured with a finger. It is necessary to weld a chain between it and the hitch - without this, the work will be very difficult for the plowman.

The grate must be strong enough. It can be made from square or water pipes and corners. The thickness of the metal must be at least 3-4 mm, otherwise the teeth welded to the thin-walled pipe will break out during operation along with the pipe metal.

The lattice design can be in the form of a cage consisting of longitudinal and transverse elements. But would be better suited a grid in which the “rods” are welded at an angle of 45 degrees to the direction of movement of the walk-behind tractor - such a grid will be less subject to bending loads.

The cell size is selected according to the location of the teeth. It’s best to figure out in advance how your teeth will be positioned, sketch it out in the drawing, and then draw a grid on top of them to which they are attached. The size of the frame itself should be such that it does not interfere with driving and following the walk-behind tractor.

The harrow frame should not extend beyond the handles of the walk-behind tractor.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the coupling. There is no need to make a grill that is too wide - the walk-behind tractor simply cannot handle more than 1 meter.

The teeth are best made from corrugated reinforcing steel with a diameter of 10 to 18 mm. The length of each tooth is from 10 to 20 cm. The height of the walk-behind tractor coupling does not affect the height of the tooth - the harrow is attached using a chain. The longer the tooth, the thicker it should be. It is advisable to sharpen the teeth before installation and be sure to harden them, because unhardened teeth will bend during operation. On light soils, you can use a harrow with unsharpened teeth.

The frequency of their location should be no less than every 10 cm - if done less frequently, harrowing will be ineffective. It is allowed to place the teeth with a slight offset across the row so that they can be conveniently welded and provide the required processing intensity. At the same time, it is necessary to calculate that their resistance is directed symmetrically to the traction axis, otherwise the walk-behind tractor will “wobble” and it will be impossible to harrow with it.

Assembly

Assembly is carried out after preliminary drawing up of the drawing and procurement of all parts. First, the grate is assembled and welded. After this, the teeth are welded to it. It is important to do this at a right angle. As a rule, hardened teeth do not anneal after welding and their strength does not change.

After this, it is determined where approximately the center of application of forces will be located and the chain is welded to this place. Take the first link of the chain and overlap it onto the grate. After this, the second end of the chain is welded or bolted to the hitch. The performance of the harrow is checked after fastening, and if necessary, the chain is welded to the left or right, if the harrow leads in one direction or another, then it is finally welded.

At home, you can only do it for a cultivator-type walk-behind tractor. Two pipes are made; they must be securely fixed to the walk-behind tractor shaft. Most likely, you will have to take this work to a turner at the factory or use shafts from a broken cultivator. The total length of the pipe should not be more than 1 meter - the walk-behind tractor will not pull a harrow that is too heavy.

Disks with a diameter of about 25 cm are placed on the shafts. To reduce resistance, cuts are made along the edges with a grinder every 10 cm of the circumference.

The mounting holes of the disks should be slightly larger diameter shafts The disks are installed with a slight inclination to the shaft axis. On the left side of the shaft the slope is in one direction, on the right - in the other. The number of disks is taken such that they mutually overlap each other in slope - usually they are placed every 5 cm.

In general, making a disc harrow yourself - difficult task. It’s easier to buy a cheap Chinese one and modify it by thoroughly welding all the seams, which is usually not done in production.

Buy a hitch and a trailed one for a walk-behind tractor in online stores

Harrowing with a walk-behind tractor

When harrowing with a toothed harrow, the plowman follows the walk-behind tractor at medium engine speeds - about 2 km/h. Heavy soils require placing a load on the harrow; the weight of the load is selected experimentally. The plowman follows the walk-behind tractor and regulates the movement of the harrow using the handles of the walk-behind tractor. If necessary, the part of the harrow that does not go deep or is knocked out when moving forward is pressed down with the foot.

Harrowing with a disc harrow is similar to cultivating soil. Work is carried out at a speed of 1.5-2 km/h. The plowman follows the walk-behind tractor, adjusting the movement of the harrow using the handles - the axis of rotation of the harrow must be strictly perpendicular to the required direction of movement of the walk-behind tractor.

The first devices for harrowing appeared from the time when man first learned to cultivate the land with a primitive wooden plow (ploughshare). Harrows were also made of wood and were not very long for greater maneuverability, but heavy enough to allow crushing big clods lands formed after plowing.

Tractors have long since replaced horses, and harrows have become more advanced and efficient, and can be installed not only on heavy and medium-sized agricultural equipment, but also on mini-tractors and walk-behind tractors. This type of equipment allows you not only to break up large clods and cover the soil to retain moisture, but also to collect the remains of dry vegetation, as well as remove its roots.

The following types of harrows exist:

• dental or classic;
• rotary or rotary;
• disk.

According to this classification, harrowing attachments are heavy, medium and light. You can buy a harrowing device for the Neva walk-behind tractor at a specialized store or make it yourself.

Tooth harrow for walk-behind tractor

Disc harrow for walk-behind tractor

Traditional harrow

The classic, or as it is also called, horse harrow, is used to create a smooth and loose surface. Also this type attachments allows you to effectively cover moisture in the soil and thereby prevent it from drying out. The harrow crushes large lumps of earth to the required fraction, destroys weeds and removes remnants of vegetation from the soil. The equipment is quite lightweight and is therefore used for surface treatment soil, crushing clods of earth and shallow loosening before sowing.

The tooth harrow for factory-produced walk-behind tractors is made of special structural steel that can withstand significant loads. Also, this equipment does a good job of leveling the soil after milling.

This type of harrowing equipment is a straight or zigzag frame that you can make yourself from a steel strip, square pipe or a corner, a rack for coupling with a walk-behind tractor and teeth. The teeth can be secured to the frame by welding, or by cutting threads on them and securing them with nuts. The working bodies on the frame are located at an even distance from each other, and their length can be 25-45 mm. Regarding the width of the equipment, for example, for the Neva walk-behind tractor, 500-600 mm is quite enough. The video below shows a tooth harrow in action.