Reasons for the high gas consumption of the Baxi boiler. How to reduce gas consumption in a gas boiler? Gas boilers BAXI ECO Four series

Gas wall-mounted boiler Baxi Eco Four 24 of the fourth generation. The model is characterized by ease of installation, simple maintenance and versatility of operation. The use of modern technological innovations makes use comfortable and safe: a wide liquid crystal display constantly displays the current state of the boiler in real time, maintains automatically set parameters, and performs an emergency shutdown in the event of a drop in water pressure or gas pressure.

Description of the gas wall-mounted boiler Baxi Eco Four 24

• Baxi Eco Four 24 is a high-power 2400 W double-circuit turbo boiler.
• A modified copy of the ECO-3 Compact series of compact units, well known to users.

• The model has been improved without increasing the compact design, the dimensions are kept within 730 x 400 x 299 mm.
• Closed combustion chamber.
• The brass hydraulic group increases the cost of the unit, but extends the service life by 100% compared to conventional metal water supplies.
• Push-button control and control. The buttons are located on the front panel.
• LCD screen for information about the operating status of the column. Highlighting and tabulation are clear and easy to read. Serves to provide information in real time and to set the mode.
• A boiler with a turbo system is easy to operate and easy to maintain.

Technical parameters of Baxi Eco Four 24

• The maximum useful thermal power is 2400W.
• The minimum value of useful thermal power is 9300 W.
• Maximum power consumption 2580 W.
• Minimum power consumption 1060 W.
• Type of energy carrier used: natural or liquefied gas.

• Maximum flow natural gas 2730 l/h.
• Maximum liquefied gas consumption 2000 l/h.
• Maximum efficiency of 92.9%.
• Working at a third of the force gives power with an efficiency of 90.4%.
• The filling pressure of the expansion tank is from 6 to 8 l/bar.
• The heating temperature range in the circuit is from 35 to 60 C.
• Productivity for hot water at a temperature of 25 C is 13.7 l/min.
• Productivity for hot water at a temperature of 35 C is 9.4 l/min.
• Minimum water supply to the DHW circuit is 2 l/min.
• Pressure in the DHW circuit max|min 8|0/15 bar.
• Smoke exhaust pipes: diameter of coaxial 6-10 cm, separate 8 cm.
• Maximum total length of outlet pipes: coaxial 500 cm, separate 3000 cm.
• Recommended natural gas pressure is 13-20 Mbar.
• Power supply 130 W, 230 V.
• Electrical protection class IPX5D.
• Overall dimensions 40 x 73 x 29.9 cm.
• Weight 36 kg.

Description of the gas system of the Baxi Eco Four 24 turbo boiler

• Highly efficient performance on both natural and liquefied gas.
• Constant, uninterrupted electronic flame support in hot water supply and heating modes.
• Ignition is smooth, electronic.
• The boiler has been adapted to work in local regions. Gives stable performance when pressure drops to 5 Mbar.
• Burner divider made of stainless steel.
• The air flow supply and regulation system is patented.

Description and characteristics of the Baxi Eco Four 24 hydraulic system

• Flow control hot water separate water meter.
• The copper heat exchanger for the primary stage is additionally protected against corrosion.
• The circulation pump is energy-saving, with built-in automation on the air vent.
• The plate heat exchanger for the secondary stage is made of stainless metal alloys.
• Valve made of brass, three-way, with electric servo drive.
• Pressure gauge with a convenient scale and graduation.
• Baylas automatic.
• Post-circulation pump.
• Login filter cold water. Cleans from large particles up to 5 microns.
• The automatic system tests the dispenser for anti-blocking of the pump and three-way valve after 24 hours.
• It is possible to reconnect to solar collectors.

Features of temperature control of the Baxi Eco Four 24 boiler

• Digital temperature display.
• There is a function for connecting a programmable timer and thermostat for internal use.
• Automation taking into account weather conditions outside. It is possible to connect a sensor to display information about the temperature outside.
• Adjustment and automatic maintenance of temperature conditions in the DHW heating circuit.
• Two-range temperature control in the heating system from 35 C to 85 C. It is possible to use a column for a heated floor system from 30 C to 45 C.

Maintaining control and ensuring safety when using Baxi Eco Four 24

• Liquid crystal display with push-button control.
• Self-diagnosis of the system is electronic.
• If the user wishes, the installation blocking signal is output to the control panel.
• Control of combustion and flame composition using an ionization system.
• Primary heat exchanger with a protective thermostat against overheating and boiling of water in the system.
• A special pneumatic relay-type control sensor for the removal of combustion products.
• Insufficient water pressure causes the pressure switch to trip.

Owners of private houses or other premises always feel the need to reduce heating costs.

Autonomous heating systems, which require a certain initial investment, can pay off quite a bit. short term and bring significant savings.

At the same time, an important condition for the efficiency of the system is the correct choice of heating boiler, on which the operating mode and performance of the system, the amount of fuel consumed and the total heating costs depend.

One of good options The choice is the Baxi Eco 4S 24 F gas boiler, which is capable of providing complete heat and hot water supply to a room of the appropriate size.

Let's look at it in more detail.

The Baxi company was founded in 1929, and has been developing and manufacturing heating products for more than half a century. During this time, valuable techniques were developed, high-quality and reliable models of heating installations were created.

In 2009, Baxi merged with De Dietrich Remeha to form the industrial group BDR Thermea. Since that time, the company's capabilities have increased significantly, which has significantly affected the quality of its products.

Baxi Eco 4S 24 F boilers are gas installations that supply coolant to heating systems (or heated floors) with a parallel supply of hot water for domestic needs. The units are different high quality work, resistance to external influences and loads.

Most of the company's products are manufactured taking into account the specifics of Russian technological lines and climatic conditions, therefore boiler models are adapted to work with low gas pressures, power outages in the network and other unstable indicators.

A useful function that is present in the list of boiler capabilities is frost protection, which ensures increased circulation of the coolant (or heating water - HW) throughout the system.

The units have compact dimensions, wall type installation allows you to install them in any convenient location. Options and specifications installations make it possible to widely use both in private homes and in office or public spaces.

Model features

The Baxi Eco 4S 24 F boiler has a copper primary heat exchanger, which demonstrates greater efficiency compared to stainless steel units.

The secondary plate heat exchanger, which heats hot water for domestic needs, is a typical plate device made of stainless steel and.

A convenient feature of the boiler is considered coaxial chimney. It does not require a complex and time-consuming procedure for connecting to the central chimney; it is discharged through the adjacent outer wall in a horizontal position.

Pipe-in-pipe design allows for simultaneous flow fresh air into the burner along the outer part and remove combustion products through the inner part. This helps to cool the outer surface of the chimney, eliminating the risk of fire.

What functions does it have?

The set of boiler functions includes:

• Supply of coolant to the heating circuit simultaneously with heating of the hot water supply.
• Full protection with indication of switching on, presence or absence of flame, and prevention of freezing of pipelines.
• Self-diagnosis system, safety valve, protection circulation pump from blocking.
• Possibility of modulation (auto-adjustment) of the flame depending on external conditions.

NOTE!

Only the most basic functions are listed. Full list too large and does not differ much from the capabilities of other Baxi boilers.

Technical characteristics of a gas boiler

Consider the table technical parameters boiler Baxi Eco 4S 24 F:

Advantages and disadvantages of the model

To the advantages Baxi models Eco 4S 24 F is usually referred to as:

• High quality units that meet all necessary European and Russian standards.
• Environmentally friendly equipment.
• The ability to simultaneously heat and supply hot water to a home.
• Fully automatic operation mode, simplicity and accessibility of boiler operation control.
• Availability of self-diagnosis systems and protection of the boiler from various undesirable factors.
• Virtually silent operation that does not disturb the peace of the house's residents at night.

The disadvantages of boilers of this series are considered:

• The relatively high price of both the boilers themselves and spare parts for them.
• The need for regular paid maintenance.
• Dependence on power supply parameters, requiring the use of a stabilizer.
• The need to use filters or water softeners.

Both the advantages and disadvantages of the Baxi Eco 4S 24 F boilers are characteristic of most gas units of this level and can be attributed to design or assembly features.

His device

The main components that make up the boiler design are:

• Closed gas heating pad.
• A fan for supplying air to the combustion chamber.
• Primary (copper) and secondary (stainless steel) heat exchangers.
• Circulation pump.
• Expansion tank.
• Three-way valve.
• Safety valves that relieve the pressure of the heating water or domestic hot water in the event of emergency situations.
• A control board, a system of sensors that send signals to it in a continuous mode.

The boiler operates according to the usual method characteristic of all similar designs. Using a circulation pump, the coolant is supplied to the heat exchanger, where it is heated to the highest possible temperature.

At the outlet, it is fed into a three-way valve, which dilutes the hot heating agent with a colder return flow in a given proportion, determined by the set heating mode. After this, the prepared coolant is sent to the heating circuit.

Hot water is heated in a secondary (plate) heat exchanger and supplied to the distribution points. A closed combustion chamber improves the quality of indoor air.

To organize combustion in the required mode, air is supplied using a fan, which takes the required flow from the external compartment of the coaxial chimney.

For which rooms is it best suited?

Wall-mounted gas boilers are optimally suited for use in private homes or other premises of the appropriate size.

The specificity and set of functions make it possible to provide thermal energy and hot water supply to areas of up to 240 sq. m., which corresponds in size to a medium-sized two-story private house, store or other office space, public building.

Such boilers are not recommended for use in industry, although it all depends on the specialization of the workshop and the operating conditions of the heating circuit.

Startup instructions

After delivery and unpacking of the boiler, it is installed on the wall in a pre-designated location. It is necessary to choose a convenient site with the possibility of supplying communications, ease of access for maintenance and repair.

Then all relevant pipelines must be connected:

• Water.
• Direct and return piping of the heating circuit.
• Gas supply.

For the initial launch, perform the following steps::

• Connect power supply.
• Open the gas supply valve.
• By pressing the corresponding button, set the “summer” or “winter” mode.
• Using the “+” or “-” buttons to the right and left of the display, set the temperature of the coolant and hot water.

The burner will start and heating of the heating agent will begin.

The burner may not start when first turned on due to the presence of air in the system. The boiler will be blocked and the corresponding error code will appear on the display. By pressing and holding the “R” button for 2-3 seconds, the error is reset and the procedure is repeated until the expected result is obtained. It may take several tries.

Basic faults and troubleshooting methods

The sensor system constantly monitors the condition of all boiler components, signaling to the control board if any failures occur. A specific code appears on the display indicating a particular malfunction.

The full list of codes is much wider, but there is no point in citing it in its entirety. When one or another code appears, press the “R” button and hold it for 2-3 seconds until the error is reset. If it appears again, you should urgently call a specialist.

Owner reviews about the model

Let's consider the opinions of the owners of boilers of this series. Such information will help you look at the quality and capabilities of the units more realistically and pragmatically, without advertising or excessive enthusiasm.

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Where is the gas used?

The task of the heating system is to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house. To do this, the thermal energy that is released during the combustion of gas in the boiler is constantly spent to compensate for heat losses at home.

Gas is spent on replenishment of heat losses in the house:

• Heat losses through enclosing structures - walls, windows, doors, attic, basement.
• With air removed through the ventilation system.
• With hot water flowing into the sewer.
• Losses in the heating system itself.

Read about how to reduce heat loss through building envelopes and ventilation systems on the website in other articles.

Read:

How to reduce high gas consumption and heat loss associated with the operation of the heating system

In this article we will consider the questions how to reduce heat loss associated with the operation of the heating system. How to reduce the high gas consumption of a boiler for heating a house.

A heating boiler in a private house most often serves as a source of thermal energy for two heat consumers:

• Heating systems with water circuit.
• Hot water preparation systems, DHW circuits.

Heat consumption of the heating system

The heating system replenishes the heat losses of the building and maintains a comfortable air temperature in its premises. Heat consumers in the heating system of a private house are usually circuits with radiators and warm floors.

The heating system consumes thermal energy not all year round, but only during the heating season. Moreover, the amount of energy consumed is not constant, but depends on fluctuations in the outside air temperature in heating season.

Thermal energy for heating is continuously consumed, but the amount of energy consumed is constantly changing. The maximum amount of energy consumed may differ from the minimum energy consumption by ten times or more.

Based on the above, the ideal source of thermal energy for the heating system of a private home must meet the following requirements:

• Produce thermal energy continuously, without interruption.
• Have maximum performance sufficient to compensate for heat losses at home in the lowest outdoor temperatures.
• Be able to regulate the amount of thermal energy produced from the maximum value to the minimum value, differing by 10 times or more.

It should be noted that you will not find ideal heating boilers that meet all these requirements for sale.

My gas consumption is high, but my neighbor's is less. What to do?

There is no point in comparing your gas consumption with what your neighbor says. You never know who says what. There are no miracles.

Just think about where the heat that is generated in the boiler burner during gas combustion can go? Heat can only escape from the boiler into the heat exchanger and then into the heating system, or with flue gases into the chimney and outside.

How can you compare gas consumption today and yesterday if the weather (temperature, wind) is always different?

The designs of the houses are also different. There may be more heat loss in your home than your neighbor's, for example, due to a thinner layer of insulation on the ceiling. Have you seen the thickness of your neighbor’s insulation yourself?

Perhaps your neighbor’s boiler operation is controlled by a room thermostat and he keeps the room temperature in the house lower than you?

Or his ventilation works differently.

More heat goes into the pipe if the primary heat exchanger of the boiler is clogged with soot on the outside, scale and rust on the inside.

Gas consumption increases if there is low pressure in the gas pipe or gas of poor quality composition is supplied.

There can be a lot of reasons. But most likely the neighbor is just a braggart and wants to show his superiority.

To reduce gas consumption, you have to act in many directions, reducing consumption bit by bit.

Gas consumption depends on the thermal protection of the house, on the temperature outside, on the efficiency of the boiler, on the accuracy of maintaining the temperature in the room. Operating the boiler at minimum power, cyclical operation - all this reduces the efficiency of the heating system.

Choosing an economical gas boiler

About the disadvantages of an overly powerful boiler

For example, the service instructions for the Protherm Gepard 23 MTV double-circuit boiler indicate its efficiency in heating mode: 93.2% at maximum thermal power (23.3 kW.) and 79.4% when operating at minimum power (8.5 kW.) Imagine how the efficiency will further decrease if this boiler has to work with a heating system with a power of, for example, 4 kW.

Please note that the heating boiler operates at minimum power most of the time throughout the year. At least 1/4 of the gas spent on heating will literally fly uselessly down the chimney. This will be the price to pay for installing too powerful heating and hot water equipment in the house.

Pulse operating mode, boiler clocking

There is a big difference between the power of a gas boiler and the power heating devices, among other disadvantages, leads to the boiler operating in pulse mode.

Excessive cyclicality, impulsiveness of work or, as people say, “clocking the boiler” manifests itself in the fact that the boiler produces more thermal energy per unit time than a less powerful heating circuit is capable of receiving. Therefore, the temperature of the water leaving the boiler rises quickly and it turns off earlier, without having time to heat the radiators.

The boiler burner, after switching on, quickly turns off when the set temperature is reached in the straight pipe at the outlet of the boiler. But the radiators remain not heated to this set temperature - the water heated in the boiler simply does not have time to reach the heating devices.

After a short time, the circulation pump supplies the heat exchanger with the remaining cool water from the return pipe of the heating system and the burner turns on again. Then everything repeats again.

Clocking reduces the service life of the boiler and increases gas consumption

An increase in the number of starts as a result of cyclicity consumes the operating life of very expensive parts of the boiler the most - gas and three-way valves, circulation pump, exhaust gas fan.

For ignition at the moment of starting, the burner is supplied maximum amount gas Part of the gas, before the flame appears, literally flies into the pipe. Constantly “re-igniting” the burner even more increases gas consumption and reduces boiler efficiency.

Operating in the “clocking” mode significantly reduces the service life of boiler parts and significantly reduces efficiency.

Many manufacturers produce double-circuit gas boilers with a maximum power of about 12 kW. and the minimum is less than 4 kW. Such boilers best meet the needs of heating and hot water systems of small private houses and apartments. However, the amateurish approach - the more powerful, the better - forces many to install boilers with a capacity of 24 kW, or even 30 kW.

For preparing hot water and heating houses and apartments with a heated area of ​​up to 120 m 2, with one bathroom, I recommend installing double-circuit gas boilers with maximum power 12 kW.

A boiler with a DHW boiler reduces gas consumption

The heating and hot water system with a double-circuit gas boiler is popular due to its relatively low cost, simplicity and small dimensions. However, it has significant disadvantages that lead to increased gas consumption and water, reducing the comfort of using hot water.

For large houses and apartments with an area of ​​more than 120 m 2, I highly recommend using a hot water system with stratified heating boiler and a double-circuit boiler, or with boiler indirect heating and a single-circuit boiler.

A gas boiler with an open combustion chamber saves gas

Compare the efficiency of gas boilers of the same power and brand, but with different types of combustion chamber, with an open combustion chamber (atmo) and with a closed one (turbo). You will find that when you are not working properly full power Atmo boilers have higher efficiency than turbo. For example, a Protherm Gepard 23 MOV (atmo) boiler, at a minimum power of 8.5 kW, has an efficiency of 86.5%. And the same boiler, but turbo, has an efficiency of 79.4%.

In turbo boilers, as a result of the constant operation of the fan, excess air escapes through the combustion chamber and further into the pipe. And heat is lost with air and gas consumption increases.

In addition, in turbo boilers we additionally have to consume electricity to operate the fan in the smoke removal system.

In a private house, it is advantageous to provide in advance, at the construction stage. chimney device for an atmospheric gas boiler with an open combustion chamber.

To increase the efficiency of turbo boilers, some manufacturers equip the boiler with a modulated turbocharging system. The fan of such a boiler changes the rotation speed according to the sensor signal. As a result, exactly as much air is supplied to the combustion chamber as is necessary to burn the amount of gas supplied to the burner. The absence of a shortage or excess of combustion air minimizes heat and gas losses through the smoke removal system. Luxury boilers are usually equipped with modulated turbocharging.

Proper air supply and smoke exhaust reduces gas consumption

To burn 1 m 3 gas required ~12÷14 m 3 air? For example, a boiler with a capacity of 18 kW at nominal gas consumption 1.93 m3/h combustion requires air ~ 25 m3/h !

In the mode of lack of air for combustion, incomplete combustion occurs gas-air mixture. This mode leads to a sharp decrease in the amount of heat released during combustion and to intense soot formation. Soot settles on the heat exchanger and can completely clog the gaps between the fin plates of the heat exchanger in a short time.

Incomplete combustion of gas reduces heat release, and contamination of the heat exchanger with soot makes it difficult to transfer heat from the burned gas to the heating water in it. All this leads to an increase in gas consumption by the boiler.

Excess air, passing through the boiler burner, uselessly takes some of the heat with it and carries it into the chimney, which also increases gas consumption.

In order to reduce gas consumption, it is necessary to ensure that the optimal amount of combustion air is supplied to the boiler.

It is important to save gas

Correctly make the air and smoke supply/exhaust system, and also carry out maintenance work on it in a timely manner.

System defects may long time remain invisible to the owners, but all this time they will increase gas consumption.

When operating heating, it is necessary annually, before the start of the heating season, to:

• Cleaning the boiler heat exchanger from soot.
• Monitor the serviceability and eliminate defects in the air supply and flue gas exhaust systems of the boiler.

Check the chimney for the tightness of the seams and joints, for compliance with the boiler manufacturer’s recommendations for its length and diameter, for the absence of obstacles in the smoke channel (clogging, icing), for blowing and backing of draft by the wind (for the location of the head chimney relative to the roof).

Check the free flow of air to the boiler burner.

On the boiler burner in case of air deficiency the flame turns reddish-yellow.

To set up and control the operation of the burner and the gas exhaust tract of the boiler, it is convenient to rely on the readings of a gas analyzer that measures the excess air in the combustion products of a boiler operating at maximum power.

Correct vent and chimney for an atmospheric gas boiler

A gas boiler with an open combustion chamber - atmospheric, takes combustion air directly from the room in which it is installed. Air is sucked into the combustion chamber of the boiler due to the vacuum created by the draft force in the chimney. The worse the draft in the pipe, the less air flows to the burner.

Gas boilers with an open combustion chamber and natural smoke removal are equipped with a thermostat to control the release of flue gases into the room. The thermostat turns off the boiler when combustion products begin to enter the room as a result of insufficient draft in the chimney.

When the thermostat is triggered, the boiler will be blocked and a corresponding error signal will be output (see instructions for the corresponding boiler model). Manual unlocking of the boiler should be done no earlier than after 10 min. when the thermostat cools down.

The room in which the boiler is installed must be provided with constant influx air. The main consumers of air are the exhaust ventilation duct of the room and the burner of the atmospheric gas boiler, which takes combustion air directly from the room.

There is a distinction between DIRECT air flow (through supply openings from the street) and INDIRECT (through supply openings from an adjacent room).

To ensure a sufficient amount of combustion air, the supply systems must follow certain rules.

Direct air flow from the street performed if the boiler is installed in a separate isolated room. In the boiler room where the atmospheric boiler is installed, there must be an inlet opening from the street with an area of ​​at least 8 cm 2 for every 1 kW boiler power. But in any case, the hole area must be at least 200 cm 2. The hole is placed in an external wall or street door.

The inlet to the boiler room from the street should be as low as possible, at a height of no more than 300 mm. from the floor level. This is a mandatory condition when operating the boiler on liquefied gas. If natural gas is used and it is not possible to place the hole near the floor in the lower zone of the room, then it can be made higher, but the usable area should be increased by approximately 30–50%.

A grill must be installed on the hole, which does not reduce its usable area.

Indirect air flow from an adjacent room can be made for an atmospheric gas boiler with a maximum power of no more than 30 kW., when the boiler is installed in the utility room of the house.

In this case, combustion uses air that enters the house through the building's general ventilation system. And the boiler chimney, along with smoke removal, serves as an additional exhaust ventilation channel, increasing air exchange in the house during operation of the boiler.

To bring air into the room with the boiler, a supply vent is installed from the adjacent room (corridor, hall). The hole area should be determined at the rate of 30 cm 2 by 1 kW boiler power. This could be a ventilation grille in the wall or door, or just a gap under the door.

It is strictly unacceptable to install a boiler with an open combustion chamber in a room where vacuum may occur as a result of the operation of the devices forced ventilation — duct fans, kitchen hoods. The operation of such devices can lead to a shortage of combustion air, the appearance of reverse draft in the chimney and the boiler stopping.

Check whether the ventilation system has the correct flow of fresh air into the house. This air is also used for gas combustion in an atmospheric boiler.

Chimney of a boiler with an open combustion chamber.
Boilers with an open combustion chamber must be connected to a natural draft chimney in the building.

The boiler manufacturer usually specifies requirements for the chimney in the instructions supplied with the boiler.

The chimney of an atmospheric boiler must satisfy the following basic requirements:

• The cross-sectional area of ​​the smoke channel must be no less than the area of ​​the boiler outlet pipe.
• The draft in the chimney should be between 2 Pa up to 30 Pa;
• The chimney must be properly thermally insulated to prevent excessive cooling of flue gases. A decrease in the temperature of the gases in the pipe leads to a deterioration in draft, and therefore to a decrease in the amount of air entering the boiler burner, as well as an increase in the amount of condensate falling out of the flue gases. The risk of a lack of air for gas combustion, the formation of ice plugs and frost in the pipe increases.
• Collection and drainage of condensate from the chimney must be provided.
• The head of the chimney must be outside the zone of wind pressure.

Correct air supply and smoke removal in turbo boilers

Gas combustion products are removed from the closed combustion chamber of a turbo boiler by a forced exhaust fan into the chimney. Air is supplied to the combustion chamber from the street through an air duct, due to the vacuum created by a running fan.

Gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber and forced smoke removal are equipped with a pressure sensor, which is triggered when normal smoke removal and combustion air supply are interrupted, or if the fan is not operating properly.

The boiler's flue and air duct system is routed upward, through the roof, or horizontally, through the outer wall of the room in which the boiler is installed.

Manufacturers of turbo boilers recommend choosing one of two circuit diagrams for installing a smoke/air duct system:
– Concentric coaxial system “pipe in pipe”, where combustion products are removed through an internal metal pipe passing inside another pipe of larger diameter. The flow of combustion air is carried out through the annular gap between the pipes.
– Separate system pipes, where the combustion products are removed through one pipe, and the influx of combustion air from the street is carried out through another separate pipe.

The requirements for the installation of the chimney and air duct system are set out in the installation and operation instructions for the boiler.

Do not exceed the maximum possible length smoke/air duct systems. If the smoke/air duct system is too long or too large quantities turns, the total aerodynamic resistance of the smoke/air duct system will be too large. The fan will not be able to feed the burner required amount air.

Sections of the chimney on the outside of the building or passing inside unheated room longer than 1 m., must be thermally insulated. This will reduce the formation of condensation in the pipes.

On vertical sections chimney it is necessary to install a condensate drain– a trap for condensate formed in the chimney, with condensate drainage into the sewer system. Horizontal sections of pipes for exhausting flue gases and supplying combustion air must be laid with a slope of 1-2% away from the boiler.

Throttling insert in the chimney saves gas

With a short smoke/air duct length, the aerodynamic resistance of the system will be low. As a result, the amount of air sucked into the burner by the fan may be excessive.

To increase the aerodynamic resistance of the system and reduce the amount of air supplied to the burner, in turbo boilers it is necessary to install a throttling insert - a diaphragm, diffuser. In addition, the throttling insert reduces the effect of wind on the operation of the burner through the smoke removal system.

An example from the instructions for a gas boiler indicating the dimensions of the throttling insert - the diaphragm. Connecting the boiler chimneys to the collective chimney through a diaphragm ensures the operation of the chimney without excess pressure.

In what cases to install and what size the insert should be is indicated in the boiler manufacturer’s instructions.

The throttling insert can be used to adjust the optimal air supply in other cases.

If you rent a gas analyzer that measures the excess air in the combustion products of a boiler operating at maximum power, you can select a throttling insert to ensure that the optimal amount of air is supplied to the boiler.

Optimal combustion parameters are achieved with excess air coefficient values ​​of about 1.7-1.8. Excess air ratio values ​​greater than 1.8 indicate that excess air is flowing through the boiler.

Correct installation of the throttle insert saves gas.

A boiler with a gas/air regulator consumes less gas

On sale you can find gas boilers (including double-circuit) for heating private houses and apartments, equipped with an automatic regulator for the optimal air/gas ratio.

In the figure, the gas flow is regulated by the gas valve depending on the amount of air supplied by the fan to the boiler burner. To change the boiler power, the automation regulates the amount of air, and the amount of air changes the gas flow. The gas flow, as it were, adjusts to the amount of air. This allows you to obtain the optimal ratio of gas and combustion air throughout the entire boiler power range. Coefficient useful action boiler increases, especially when working at low power. This is important because boilers operate at reduced power most of the time.

There are gas boilers that implement a reverse gas/air control algorithm. The boiler power is regulated by gas flow, and according to the gas flow, the automation changes the amount of air.

Condensing boiler saves gas

How does a condensing boiler work?

During the chemical reaction of gas combustion in the boiler burner, two main products are formed - carbon dioxide CO 2 and water H 2 O, in the form of steam. Combustion products heated to a high temperature, which additionally include other gases atmospheric air, give off some of the heat to the heating water in the primary heat exchanger. The flue gases are cooled, but their temperature, including water vapor, after the heat exchanger remains quite high. In a conventional boiler, the heat from the flue gases goes into the chimney and out into the street.

In a condensing boiler, after the primary heat exchanger, the flue gases pass through another, condensing heat exchanger. Heating water from the system first passes through the condensing heat exchanger, is heated in it, and then is supplied to the primary heat exchanger, where it is finally heated to the required temperature.

It is known from a school physics course that the process of condensation of water vapor, which is contained in large quantities in combustion products, is accompanied by the release of a significant amount of heat. In order to obtain the greatest amount of heat from flue gases, the temperature regime of the condensation heat exchanger is chosen so that steam is converted into water on its surface.

The active conversion of steam into water on a condensation heat exchanger occurs when heating water is supplied to it with a temperature of no more than 50 o C. For this reason, Condensing boilers only work effectively in low temperature heating systems, with heated floors or with radiators operating in the standard 55/45 soft heat mode o C or 50/30 o C. Many owners do not attach due importance to fulfilling this condition. As a result, purchasing a condensing boiler brings them disappointment. They don't get the gas savings they expected.

To switch from standard mode to soft heat, the power (size) of the radiators will have to be increased approximately 2 times. Accordingly, the costs of installing a heating system will increase.

During the condensation process, water reacts with other combustion products and turns into an acid solution. Therefore, heat exchangers and other boiler parts that come into contact with condensate must be made of stainless steel.

By using the higher heat of combustion of gas (that is, the heat of combustion and the heat of condensation of water vapor), The efficiency of a condensing gas boiler is 11 - 13% higher than a classic boiler.

Gas alarms save gas

Since 2016 building regulations(clause 6.5.7 SP 60.13330.2016) require in the premises of new residential buildings and apartments in which gas boilers, water heaters, stoves and other gas equipment are located, install gas alarms for methane and carbon monoxide(carbon monoxide, CO). For already constructed buildings, this requirement can be considered as a recommendation.

The methane gas alarm serves as a leakage sensor for household natural or liquefied gas from gas equipment. The carbon monoxide alarm is triggered in the event of malfunctions in the smoke exhaust system and the entry of flue gases into the room. Installation of alarms allows notice in time a gas leak and disturbances in the operation of the boiler smoke exhaust tract.

Gas sensors must be triggered when the gas concentration in the room reaches 10% LFL (lower concentration limit of flame propagation) of natural gas and the CO content in the air is more than 20 mg/m 3. Gas alarms must control high-speed shut-off valves installed at the gas inlet into the room and shut off the gas supply based on a signal from the gas sensor.

Indoor gas control systems with automatic shutdown gas supply in residential buildings should be provided when installing gas equipment, regardless of its installation location and power.

The filter on the heating system return pipe reduces gas consumption

Using a boiler with a heating system whose coolant is mechanically contaminated (sludge, dirt, installation material residues) can lead to the formation of dirt deposits, rust particles and scale on the inner surface heat exchanger. This leads to disturbances in the heat transfer process, and, as a consequence, to an increase in gas consumption. In addition, overheating of the heat exchanger tubes occurs and, as a result, premature failure of the heat exchanger.

After installation or repair of the heating system, it is recommended to flush the heating system using special chemicals and subsequent introduction of a corrosion inhibitor.

It is better to replace steel pipelines and radiators of the heating system with new ones that are not subject to corrosion.

It is not recommended to drain water from the heating system and leave it without water for a long time. The steel parts of the system without water from the inside rust intensively. Fresh water poured into the system contains oxygen, which will add its share of corrosion.

The walls are ordinary plastic water pipes gas permeable. The heating water in such pipes is constantly saturated with oxygen from the air. Therefore, in heating systems it is recommended to use special plastic pipes with a protective gas-tight layer (metal-plastic, etc.). Polymer pipes used in heating systems must have an oxygen permeability of no more than 0.1 g/(m 3 day).

Sludge, dirt, corrosion products enter the heating water during installation, repair, or filling with water. heating system, and are constantly formed there during operation.

To protect boiler parts from dirt, on the return pipe of the heating system in front of the boiler, Be sure to install a mechanical cleaning filter.

A mesh and magnetic system are installed inside the FMM filter housing. Stainless steel mesh with mesh size 0.5*0.5 mm serves to catch mechanical particles from the flowing liquid stream. The magnetic system is designed to capture small ferromagnetic inclusions (rust).

To completely clean the FMM filter, you need to remove the cover, remove the mesh and magnetic system. When installing the cover again, it is recommended to use a new gasket. It is recommended to clean the filter annually, when maintenance boiler

There are other filters on sale that look similar, without a magnetic system and/or with a larger mesh size. Don't go wrong with your choice.

Some boiler models have a built-in strainer at the heating water inlet to the boiler. On the return pipe of the heating system, in front of the boiler, it is recommended to additionally install a filter, which is more convenient to clean than the built-in one.

Two boilers instead of one reduce gas consumption

When operating at minimum power, the boiler efficiency decreases. Some owners consider it beneficial to install two boilers. For example, instead of one 30 kW. put one 20 kW and the second 10 kW. During the off-season, the boiler operates at a lower capacity. Then it is turned off and the second, more powerful boiler operates for most of the heating season. Both boilers are turned on only in the coldest weather. This ensures that the boiler operates with higher efficiency throughout the entire heating season.

In addition, the boilers back up each other. The boiler tends to fail at the most inopportune moment, on a weekend or in cold weather, or when the owners are not at home. In order to reserve gas supply, a boiler of lower power is sometimes chosen to use a different type of fuel. Such a boiler is turned on for a short time, only in frosty weather or while another boiler is being repaired. Therefore, the backup boiler can operate for more expensive form fuel.

In cold weather, one backup boiler will not be able to provide thermal comfort in the house. But it won't let you freeze. You can be patient, considering that such a coincidence does not happen every year.

Soft heat radiators reduce gas consumption

In manufacturers' catalogs, the maximum heat transfer of radiators is presented for a temperature range of 90/70/20. Where is 90 o C— supply heating water temperature; 70 o C- return pipe temperature and 20 o C— air temperature in the heated room.

In residential premises, a heating system with radiators as heating devices and steel distribution pipes is usually designed for a temperature range of 80/60/20. This fairly high-temperature regime allows you to increase the heat transfer of radiators, select radiators and pipes minimum size, which means reducing their cost.

In modern radiator heating systems with plastic pipes Typically, a temperature regime of 75/65/20, which is more gentle for pipes, is used.

If you set yourself the goal of saving heating costs, it turns out that in radiator heating systems it is advantageous to use a mode with lower temperatures. For example, the European standard for soft heat is 55/45/20.

It is known that the greater the difference between the temperature of the gases in the boiler burner and the temperature of the water in the heat exchanger, the more intense the process of heat transfer from hot to cold. The lower the temperature of the flue gases, the more heat remains in the house and the less it flies into the chimney.

The mild temperature regime also makes it easier to arrange a combined heating system with radiators and heated floors. Thermal comfort in a home with soft heat radiators becomes more pleasant for people.

The main advantage of low-temperature heating is the ability to use modern technologies. This is about condensing boilers , solar collectors and heat pumps. They require that the heating water temperature in the system be low.

True, to switch from standard mode to soft heat, the power (size) of the radiator will have to be increased by about 2 times.

The correct gas pipe meter saves gas

The amount of gas is determined by its mass and measured in units of measurement G, kg, or T. Calorific value - the amount of thermal energy released during gas combustion also depends on the mass of the burned gas.

But the gas meter on the pipe does not take into account the mass of gas, but the volumetric flow rate of gas in m 3, passed through the counter. And from the school physics course it is known that the amount of gas, kg, in 1 m 3, very much depends on the pressure and temperature of the gas at the moment it passes through the meter.

It is customary to refer volumetric flow measurement results to the same standard conditions: pressure 101.325 kPa (760 mmHg.), gas temperature 20 °C.

Thus, cubic meter for the purposes of accounting and payments for gas, this is the amount of dry gas that occupies a space with a capacity of one cubic meter at a temperature of 20 o C and absolute pressure 101.325 kPa.

Industrial gas meters are equipped with pressure and temperature sensors that allow you to take this dependence into account and determine the amount of gas consumed under standard conditions and with high accuracy.

Household gas meters, as a rule, do not have pressure and temperature sensors, and do not adjust their readings when these parameters change in the gas pipe. Gas meter without correction shows gas consumption under operating conditions(i.e. pressure and temperature are different from standard).

It is believed that in the gas network low pressure(less than 0.05 bar or 5 kPa) gas services technical means should limit pressure fluctuations in the gas network in a fairly narrow range, within 15 mbar. That's why, the influence of these pressure changes on the accuracy of gas flow determination can be neglected. And to bring the meter flow readings to standard pressure conditions, a constant correction factor is used.

It is considered unprofitable to use pressure adjustment for household appliances also because such meters are expensive, less reliable and difficult to operate.

But is this all true in real life?

Real gas distribution networks are often long and have insufficient throughput, which leads to significant pressure fluctuations in distant sections of the network when gas consumption changes. Seasonal pressure changes are especially great, especially in cold weather, when gas consumption increases sharply.

According to the standards, the supply line must have a maximum dynamic gas pressure of 25 mbar(255 mm.water.st.). If you are lucky, and this is really the case, the gas meter will display gas consumption that is almost identical to the real one. Those. The measurement error will be negligible.

If your neighbor is unlucky, and the dynamic pressure in the gas supply pipe is at a minimum permissible for the boiler of 15 mbar., then, all other things being equal, the meter will show a consumption higher than the actual gas consumption by approximately 12%. Those. at actual flow 1 m 3, the counter will show the result 1.12 m 3. And if in cold weather the pressure in the gas pipe drops below the standard, for example, to 11 mbar, then the gas meter instead of actually consumed 1 m 3 gas will show an even greater increase.

The lower the pressure in the gas network, the more profitable it is for the gas business. They do not advertise such profits. The population is not offered any options for pressure adjustment. But the population does not demand this.

The situation is completely different with the adjustment of household meter readings to standard temperature conditions. Gas meters without temperature adjustment underestimate gas consumption by winter time. In order not to lose income, gas businessmen came up with and approved temperature coefficients.

To bring it to standard conditions, the volumes of gas that passed through the meter without a thermal corrector are multiplied by the temperature coefficient. The size of the coefficient is approved for each region.

It is worth separately explaining that the temperature coefficient applies only to the readings of metering devices installed outside heated rooms (on the street). Since gas enters them, either cooled by winter temperatures, or “warmed up” by summer heat. If the meter is installed in a heated room - in a house, in an apartment - the coefficients do not apply.

For those who have a gas meter located outside, the temperature coefficient is middle lane for the summer months 0.96 - 0.98, and in winter about 1.15, and on average for the year about 1.1. The coefficient is applied monthly, without taking into account the actual temperature of the supplied gas. The volume of gas payable for a month is calculated as the product of the volume of gas on the meter for a given month and the corresponding temperature coefficient.

The gas business pays for the calculation and justification of temperature coefficients. It is clear in whose favor they are intended.

To avoid the use of temperature coefficients when paying for gas, it is better to install a meter with a thermal corrector, which will automatically determine gas consumption in accordance with its actual temperature. This is especially true for those who consume increased volumes of gas, for example, for home heating and water heating. A meter with a thermal corrector often has the letter “T” in the name of the meter model, for example VK-G4T.

High-quality gas in the gas pipe reduces gas consumption

The amount of thermal energy released during gas combustion also depends on the quality of the gas. Natural gas that comes to the boiler from gas pipe not homogeneous in composition. In addition to methane, it may contain other flammable gases, as well as water vapor, atmospheric gases and other impurities. Depending on the ratio of these components, the heat of combustion of the gas and its consumption change.

Any user of a gas boiler wants his unit to work as efficiently as possible and at the same time economically. Over the entire heating season, an economical device allows you to save a lot of money. Therefore, unit owners often look for an answer to the question of how to reduce the consumption of a gas boiler.

The amount of energy consumed depends on fluctuations in the outside air, so this indicator is constantly changing.

An ideal source of thermal energy must meet the following requirements:

1. Produce enough energy to provide sufficient heat to a house or apartment.
2. Be able to adjust the produced thermal energy over a wide range.
3. Have high efficiency.
4. The device must be equipped with an automatic system that will regulate the power of the unit depending on the temperature indoors or outdoors.

To reduce the fuel consumption of a gas boiler, you need to know factors influencing this indicator:

1. The degree of insulation of the house - the material of the walls, the thickness of the masonry, the tightness of windows and doors.
2. Gas boiler power.
3. Unit efficiency.
4. Equipped with automation that can change the operating mode depending on weather conditions.
5. Availability of additional power consumers: DHW circuit, “warm floor” systems, etc.
6. Blockage of the heat exchanger, gas burner of the boiler or chimney.

To reduce fuel consumption, it is necessary to adjust the presented factors whenever possible.

How does home insulation affect gas consumption?

A well-insulated room can save up to 35% of the heat produced. It is best preserved in a house with walls two bricks thick. More thermal energy will be needed to heat a panel or wooden cottage. But the situation can be improved by insulating the walls.

A lot of heat also escapes through the roof and floor. Therefore, in order to reduce gas consumption, it is advisable to insulate the ceilings and floors.

If you have old wooden frames and ventilated doors, they should be replaced with more airtight ones, otherwise the heat will quickly escape through the cracks to the street.

Gas boiler power

Before purchasing a unit, it is important to correctly calculate its required power. It is determined using special formulas taking into account the heated area, wall material, weather conditions of the region, etc.

Some people make a big mistake when they purchase a unit with too much productivity. This leads to “clocking” of the device - the unit quickly heats the coolant to the set temperature and turns off, then the liquid cools down and the device turns on again. This happens all the time. As a result, the boiler components wear out greatly, the service life of the device is reduced, and gas consumption increases. It is known that the greatest wear and tear on any equipment occurs during startup. Frequent switching on of the unit negatively affects many of its elements:

• burner;
• gas and three-way valves;
• circulation pump;
• coaxial chimney fan.

At the moment the burner is ignited, the maximum amount of fuel is supplied to it and when turned on frequently, the gas consumption increases. Some of this fuel goes into the pipe before ignition.

Unit efficiency

Gas boilers with high efficiency are more economical. Therefore, when choosing a device, you should pay attention to this indicator. For example, units with an open combustion chamber have a low efficiency - from 80 to 88%, since part of the heat, along with the flue gases, escapes through the chimney. Boilers with a closed combustion chamber have a higher coefficient - 90-94%.

Most best efficiency in condensing units, which are considered the most economical. Their figure is 96-99%, but the cost of such gas boilers is higher.

Weather-compensated automation

Weather-sensitive automation will allow you to use fuel to the maximum benefit. It records the temperature outside and, depending on this, selects the heating agent heating rate. Thus, the system maintains the air temperature in the room at a given level. Therefore, it is recommended to purchase a boiler that has this function built-in.

If gas device does not have such a system, it can be purchased separately and connected, but such automation will be quite expensive.

Additional gas consumers

Various types of fuel consumption significantly increase additional functions and systems connected to a gas boiler. For example, DHW system increases gas consumption by 20-30%. The “warm floor” system will increase consumption by another 20%.