Floor beams 2 floors opening under the stairs. Calculation of wooden and metal stairs to the second floor of the house

Current trends towards rational use territories, more than ever, encourage building houses not in “width”, but in “height”. This applies to private buildings, but even apartment residents are trying to organize a multi-level layout, thereby expanding the usable area. To combine the upper and lower spaces, it becomes necessary to build a staircase to the second floor, on the features of the choice of which we will dwell in more detail.

Varieties of stairs by design

When designing stairs, first of all, you will have to focus not on design, but on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room in order to choose the perfect product in terms of design and size. There are two main types:

Marching stairs

A common version of ladders designed with regard to the biomechanics of movement and providing comfortable, safe movement. They consist of marches, numbering from 3 to 15 steps. If maximum number not enough, the height is divided into two openings, between which a small platform or winder steps are installed. Such structures are already called two-march.

Marching stairs vary in shape and are straight, turning (L-shaped or U-shaped) or curved. When determining this parameter, it is necessary to rely on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, the height of the ceilings, and the location of the second floor.

Type load-bearing structure There are two types of marching products: on stringers and bowstrings. In the first case, the steps are laid on top of the beam, and in the second - with inside of the supporting element, special grooves are made.

You will also have to choose the type of steps. Details with risers look more massive and fit perfectly into classic interior, and those without them are suitable for modern home because of the lightweight design.

In general, mid-flight stairs are presented in a wide range and even for small sizes, you can choose a suitable copy or combine it with other items.

Spiral stairs

The principle of such structures is very simple: steps are attached to the installed rod, which spiral upwards. They do not take up extra space and are quite compact.

The main reason why spiral staircases are inferior to marching ones is the difficulty in moving due to the lack of a solid support. It is not recommended to install such an instance in a house where children or the elderly live. are considered optimal following parameters: the central width of the steps must be at least 20 cm, and the widest part - no more than 40 cm.

In other cases, spiral staircases can be considered great option for both modern and classic styles. Thanks to their spiral shape, they become a key element of the interior, and products of different shapes will help to diversify the design - from square to octagonal.

Bolts stairs

Installing this type of ladder in the center of the room will not work - it is supported by bearing wall, to which the steps are attached with the help of bolts (bolts). Collected in one system, they form a single bearing element, giving designs lightweight, an almost weightless look, due to which it is often used in modern interiors.

Despite the visual fragility, the products are able to withstand from 500 to 1100 kg, depending on the material and manufacturer. In addition, the bolts allow you to adjust the height of the steps after installation.

Bolts with railings are popular, which take part of the load on themselves. You can experiment with the base, shape, and lighting to create a unique look for your home.

Choosing the material for the stairs

Stairs are made from different materials which endow them with certain aesthetic and practical properties.

wooden stairs

Imagining a staircase in a house, an image of a strong wooden structure with curly railings and a beautiful deep texture. It can be luxurious wenge, oak or minimalist wood of simple species. Optimal options ash, walnut, beech are considered, but pine is not strong enough to withstand the required load. The lacquer will protect against negative impact environment, but it will have to be updated regularly.

Such material is suitable for any designs, but looks most organically as marching products. For country or american style such a solution is indispensable.

metal stairs

Metal structures will serve you for half a century, retaining their original, neat appearance. To do this, choose instances of stainless steel, which is not susceptible to corrosion, since chrome-plated or painted options have a limited service life - no more than 6-7 years.

The plasticity of the base allows you to give the stairs and its parts any shape. Metal is often combined with other materials such as wood, glass, concrete. It makes elegant forged handrails.

concrete stairs

Unlike more natural materials, concrete does not have lightness or refinement, in pure form is unlikely to fit into a classic interior, but instead will give a sense of solidity and integrity.

Such structures are quite reliable, can withstand high loads and do not deteriorate over time. Unfortunately, they are difficult to install on their own, but the cheapness of raw materials covers this drawback.

An important advantage concrete stairs is the possibility of decorating them: stone, wood or even tiles. The unique rough texture will be invisible, but you will get an aesthetic design at an affordable cost.

stone stairs

Marble has an amazing deep texture, but as a stair covering, it wears out quickly after just a few years. Granite or quartzite have opposite properties. Also, much cheaper artificial counterparts do an excellent job with their role.

Stone stairs are often combined with metal handrails, and by adjusting the decor you can fit them into many styles.

glass stairs

If a design that does not require ten years of serviceable “service” comes first, glass structures have no competitors. Steps are made from this material, which are mounted on bolts or used on spiral staircases. Harmoniously acts in tandem with metal, which enhances the effect of gloss and gives reliability to such a fragile product.

Indeed, glass stairs can be damaged when strong blow, but even in its absence, noticeable scratches appear on the surface over time. For greater strength, it is better to take hardened or laminated varieties. Acrylic glass is considered the most reliable, but tends to darken over time.

Styles and design

Due to their shape, stairs often stand out among the interior ensemble, while remaining an organic part of it. To do this, when developing a design, it is necessary to focus on the basic style of the premises.

Stairs in modern style

Modern aesthetics loves conciseness and restraint, the use of practical materials, their combination to create more complex type. Preference is given to clean geometric shapes, lines, smooth surfaces.

The style works with the features of space, so the type of staircase design can be any, the main thing is that it looks good in the interior.

Stairs in a classic style

As mentioned above, the classics are characterized by the use of three materials: wood, metal and decorative stone, among which the first is clearly in the lead. Initially, you need to choose rooms with a large area, since here even the staircase has a massive appearance.

Often these are marching products on stringers or bowstrings with closed risers, divided into several spans and fenced with strong railings, often with characteristic carvings.

Loft style stairs

Concrete stairs to the second floor harmoniously interact with the style of the loft, emphasizing its industrial character. However, other fundamentals will also be appropriate.

The ladder must have an extremely simple design providing a comfortable ride. Since the loft interior, according to the rules, is placed on large areas, you don’t have to worry about the size of the structure.

Stairs in the style of minimalism

It is desirable that stairs in the style of minimalism attract as little attention as possible. Ideally, they should fit into the total volume of the room, forming a single functional whole with it.

The means of expression are reduced to a minimum: the texture of the material, the smoothness of the lines, the natural color scheme. Perfect solution- steps on the bolts.

Art Deco Stairs

Graceful and many-sided art deco strives to emphasize its "status" in all details - from the base of the stairs to the railing. The latter can repeat intricate, interlacing patterns inspired by floral designs.

Mid-flight stairs will look monumental and noble, spiral staircases, due to their spiral shape, in themselves correspond to the Art Deco style, but bolt mounts will seem too simple.

Where to post: basic rules

Installing stairs to the second floor is a very individual process that depends on the size, layout and ceiling heights in your space.

The most popular place for stairs remains the hallway, especially in spacious mansions. Thus, upon entering the house, you immediately get access to all rooms without wandering through the corridors.

The second most popular place to place the lift is the living room. This is useful for buildings average area if the second floor leads to a private room, such as a bedroom. In the hall, combined with the kitchen, the stairs can be used for zoning.

To somehow compensate for the impressive size of the stairs, it can be combined with another functional object, using the empty space. This applies to marching structures located next to the wall. The construction of such products is more complicated, requires detailed measurements and careful planning, but the final result will make it possible to maximize the use of each square meter premises.

The area under the stairs can serve as a frame for cabinets. The solution is relevant in the hall (storage of clothes and shoes) or living room (for the home library and household items).

The staircase can be organized as a wall in the living room, along the protruding parts of which movement is carried out through the floors.

Connoisseurs of quality drinks can equip themselves with a large collection of wines, enclosing it with glass doors and installing lighting.

In the resulting niche, you can put a small sofa, decorate cozy place for relaxation and solitude, and for side walls install shelves.

The space under the stairs is suitable for creating a separate room- pantry, office or mini-workshop. Any child will be delighted with such a secluded children's playroom.

Using these ideas will allow you to take a different look at the stairs in the house, which will turn from a bulky object into a functional solution.

Design stairs to the second floor - photo

It is difficult not to notice the staircase even in the most spacious interior, which is why so much attention is paid to its design. Even more various forms, decor options and layouts - in our photo selection. Enjoy watching!

Construction of a two-story private house, cottage or cottage - profitable solution to expand living space. For savings usable area in such buildings, small-sized stairs are installed. Such designs differ in the number of steps and the forms of marches. At the same time, a compact staircase to the second floor must meet the requirements of practicality and safety.

Stylish and compact staircase configurations

Small stairs are installed to save usable space. In their manufacture, they make it so that the steps are located as close to each other as possible, but it is convenient to move along them. It is necessary to carefully approach the choice of model in order to install the safest design in your home.

Even such a compact staircase can look very organic.

Of particular importance is the shape of the opening and its width. The choice of the type of construction of small dimensions depends precisely on these indicators. The dimensions of the steps and are the main data that should be considered. It is important to figure out which types of structures are best suited for small spaces.

Single-march

Single-march models are the simplest. However, when installing such stairs to the second floor, you can save space. The minimum required space for a 3-meter floor height is 80x180 cm.

Designers decide for this on various non-standard solutions. For example, these include models in which the treads are narrowed on each side.

Stair structures with one march can also be folding and retractable.

Swivel

Models with turns of marches are installed in a corner or against a wall. The platforms in them play the role of an element necessary for a turn. Turns are performed by 90° or 180°. Double-flight stairs do not take up much space, but climbing and descending them is quite convenient. winder steps in such cases are simply irreplaceable. The minimum occupied space at a 3-meter floor height is 160x180 cm.

Thanks to the installation of such a structure, the narrow passage to the second floor is more elegant. In comparison with direct marches, when moving, you have to change the direction of movement. There are other differences as well:

1. Compactness. They do not take up much space, while the parameters remain optimal.
2. Convenience - it is convenient to move along them even with a large object in your hands.
3. Aesthetics. Corner products look interesting and neat.
4. Safety. According to this indicator, rotary products are safer than screw ones.

screw

Small-sized screw models are popular today. These structures are installed both in multi-level apartments and in country houses. The ease of use of such structures lies in the observance of the rules of ergonomics - the movement up and down is comfortable, and no dead zones are created under the steps. It is more profitable to place such a staircase to the second floor of the house in a small area. Minimum dimensions in plan with a floor height of 3 m - 130x130 cm.

The steps are attached to vertical rack in a spiral. One of the main advantages of screw products is the elegance of forms. They are made of metal or wood - in any case, they are able to fit into a modern interior.

However, screw products have their drawbacks. For example, if a person carries a large object in his hands, it will be uncomfortable to go down. wooden models give the home a cozy atmosphere.

folding

If you have to go upstairs infrequently, it is better to install a folding type structure in a country house. It is perfect for the attic. Its advantage is the ability to fold if necessary. Small-sized retractable models are attached to the hatch on the ceiling. You can easily tilt the structure, and then push it back. For maintenance of the attic, a folding design is ideal.

It is allowed to install such a model in any area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. Its choice depends only on the location of large-sized furniture. In addition, the installation of a folding model does not affect the interior.

There are several varieties of such products:

• telescopic;
• retractable;
• folding;
• sectional.

The width is usually close to that of conventional side structures. As a rule, it is 60-65 cm. big slope going down it will only work backwards.

When choosing suitable type designs of small dimensions look at the overall design of the room. The main thing is that it is durable, ergonomic and safe. Such a small staircase for giving is mounted where the attic is rarely used. It is effective to install such structures in houses with a ceiling height of up to 3 m.

Small Solutions

If it is necessary to install a ladder that would not “hide” the space and be as convenient as possible, pay attention to small-sized structures. There are several types of such products that can meet the requirements of practicality and reliability.

Modular designs

When installing modular lifts on the second floor, you can experiment with the interior and choose various options assemblies. They can be made by hand, which is the main advantage. Modular designs are screw, spiral, L- and U-shaped. They may also be rounded. Modular system allows you to give the stairs any shape in terms of, and adding the required number of elements allows you to gain an arbitrary height.

Install them in openings different widths and length. It is important to install correctly modular ladder The safety of residents depends on this. At the same time, attention is paid to living in the house of persons with disabilities - children and the elderly.

Choose a modular staircase with a small opening to the second floor in accordance with the following recommendations:

1. Before choosing, measure the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and find out the dimensions of the opening.
2. It is better if the structure is equipped with a railing that will ensure the safety of movement.
3. For ease of ascent and descent, stairs without risers are chosen - this ensures comfort when setting the foot.
4. The design of the structure is created taking into account general style premises.

With small platforms and compact turns, it is easy to save living space. First, pay attention to the safety of the product, and only then - to its appearance. Modular structures are installed in a house where you need to move quickly between floors. Often this design is chosen for installation in a bath.

Staircase "goose step"

Among the single-march structures, it is worth highlighting the goose step staircase. It does not take up space, but also does not restrict movement when ascending and descending. When changing the dimensions of a march, it is important to keep optimal width stride and incline range. If even when choosing extreme values, it is not possible to create an ascent to the second floor, it is not worth saving space for arranging stairs.

The design difference is the alternate narrowing of the tread on each side. This allows you to create comfort when moving, while leaving the length of the march relatively small.

The goose step ladder is designed for comfortable movement in confined spaces. For such models, the optimal slope is 50 ° - 60 °. Their width is reduced to 60-80 cm. At the same time, the ratio of the height of the riser and the width of the tread in such designs is rather unusual. If you transfer it to an ordinary single-flight staircase, moving along it would be unsafe.

Important Convenience and Safety Issues

When installing stairs to the second floor small house it is important to combine the design with the background style of the interior. There are also some requirements to take into account:

• compact dimensions;
• safety;
• travel comfort.

The design should not be too steep - no more than 60 °. The slope is calculated based on the possibility of its use by children and the elderly. It is better to equip the structure with railings. The coating is chosen so as not to slip on it when moving. If the staircase is made of polished stone, you can lay a carpet on it.

Often, structures have to be made with a large slope - up to 75 ° degrees. At the same time, a rather large depth of steps is set. To increase the convenience and safety of the stairs, you can use the installation of handles that you can hold on to when going up and down.

Safety regulations:

• starting from the first meter, the stairs are equipped with a fence 90 cm high;
• gaps between railing posts should not exceed 10 cm;
• the width of the tread should be sufficient for comfortable setting of the foot - 25-30 cm;
• for the convenience of grabbing a hand, handrails are created with an optimal diameter - 32-60 mm;
• all steps must be the same height.

When designing a staircase to the second floor, it is important to take care not only of its ergonomics, but also of its functionality. Therefore, such structures are created according to individual drawings. You can do the calculations yourself with the help of free

When Vacation home has several floors or residential attic, then there must be a staircase to the second floor and, accordingly, an opening in the ceiling. Usually, the design of residential premises involves the placement of an opening, but what if it is carried out overhaul, suggesting an add-on in the form of a residential attic or second floor, which requires the installation of a staircase, and the ceiling is solid?

In this case, you need to make an opening. There are a lot of options for arranging this structural element, it all depends on the type of structures used in the construction of the building building materials and a number of other parameters.

Let's take as a basis that we have a wooden house and / or a ceiling.

Planning

Before making a hole in the ceiling, you need to carefully weigh and consider where the stairs to the second floor will be located. In the event that the floor is wooden, then it is best to place the structure along the load-bearing, ordinary beams (pictured).

Also, planning by you should be carried out taking into account current building codes. That is, the minimum possible width of the stairs is at least 1000 mm, and the height between the tread and the floor beam must be at least 2000 mm.

The opening may have various sizes and form. It all depends on which staircase to the second floor is used. Straight, U and L-shaped stairs require big hole, spiral staircases are more compact.

And the last of the theory. The opening should be 50 mm larger than planned. This is due to the fact that you have to do finishing work.

The first stage is the dismantling of floor and ceiling coverings

At the first stage, you will have to do the dismantling. For this you will need:

• axe;
• hammer;
• crowbar;
• angular Sander(Bulgarian), jigsaw or hacksaw.

Where the staircase to the second floor will be located, it is necessary to remove flooring. How to shoot depends directly on the materials. The board and parquet can be dismantled with an ax and a crowbar, the laminate is removed manually, and the floor ceramic tiles will have to be beaten off with a chisel and hammer.

It is also necessary to remove the board from the ceiling with the help of a grinder, saw off the necessary fragments and tear off with a crowbar and / or an ax.

Stage two - work with beams

The second stage is quite responsible. All work must be done carefully to prevent collapse of structures. So, after you have removed the ceiling boards on the first floor and the floor covering on the second, you can see how the ordinary floor beams are located and how they lie on the opening.

In the event that an ordinary beam (worse, when beams) falls on the opening, it must be sawn off. Remember when wooden frame overlap lies on your hole with more than two ordinary beams, then the work should be completed. That is, you can saw off no more than two beams, otherwise the structural integrity will suffer ceiling and it would be unsafe to operate such a room. Therefore, carry out the design in full accordance with the indicated condition.

So, suppose that one ordinary beam lies on the opening. Now you need to get to the adjacent floor beams, from the left and right side from the one that needs to be cut. It turns out that you should have Free access up to three beams (maximum four).

Take boards, beams, logs equal in length to the height of the room and substitute it under the beam that you will be sawing on both sides of the opening. Get a backup that will prevent the collapse of the structure.

Now, using a grinder or a hacksaw, saw off an ordinary beam (beams) that falls on the opening on both sides. This operation is best done with two people, one sawing, the other supporting. This will prevent the tool from being clamped, and it will also prevent the sawn-off fragment from collapsing on the head, which is very unpleasant (pictured).

Stage three - mathematical

After sawing off bearing beams falling on the opening, look at how far adjacent beams are located. If the width of the hole matches the distance between adjacent beams, then you are in luck, the structure will be installed with little cost, materials and labor.

Otherwise, you will have to install two paired beams equal in thickness to the carriers (ordinary), the distance between which is equal to the width of the opening. There are two main options:

• twin beams are installed over the entire width of the room, then the walls play the role of load-bearing (this is the most preferable, albeit time-consuming option);
• twin beams are installed to the length of the opening (fast, efficient, but less reliable).

If the first option is chosen, then you need to install two parallel transverse beams equal in thickness to the bearing (ordinary) beams, the distance between which is equal to the length of the opening. Crossbars are attached to twin beams with bolts, nails or 150 self-tapping screws, staples or other fasteners. wooden type structures can also be fastened with metal corners or a special mounting profile (pictured).

In the event that the second option is selected, then the transverse beams are attached to adjacent beams at a distance equal to the length of the opening. Then paired beams are attached to the transverse beams, the distance between which is equal to the width of the opening.

Nuances

The above technique is the most complex and assumes the fact that the staircase is located in the middle of the room. In the event that the structure is adjacent to the wall, one paired or adjacent beam is used. In this case, parallel transverse beams are screwed at one end to an adjacent or paired one, and at the other they are embedded in the wall. To do this, it is necessary to make technological holes in the wall using a puncher or a chisel and a sledgehammer (the old-fashioned way, which is highly undesirable to use). At the same time, the transverse beams are fixed in the wall with wedges and mortar (pictured).

If you have spiral staircase, the order of work is slightly different. But read about it in one of our next articles.

As a result of the operations performed, we get a staircase with an opening of the required shape. As you can see, do everything necessary work everyone can do it on their own, only in some cases outside help is required. Wooden house and flooring from boards and beams allow you to efficiently perform all work, including the design and installation of the opening.

Good luck with your repair!

The stairs are tricky building structure. First of all, it should be distinguished by high security, and only then play the role of additional decoration of the room. In the case of the construction of a lifting structure, you need to know how to calculate the opening for the stairs to the second floor.

purpose

In the case of the construction of a new house, the location of the lifting structure is determined by its technical project. For its installation in the floor, an opening of a certain size is left, where, as a result, the staircase structure will be located. However, there are some cases when the necessary location of the stairs was not taken into account by the owners of the house. Then you will need to prepare a hole for the stairs in the completed floor, as shown in the photo.
This is possible if the descent to the cellar is not thought out, as well as if the staircase was installed in the bedroom and the like. Therefore, you will need to cut a hole in the floor slab, and then mount several new beams along its borders.

We determine the parameters

Before you prepare to cut a hole in the floor, you need to think in detail about its optimal location. It should also be taken into account that the floor area obtained at the end of the work will decrease significantly. The best option would be when stairs and the wall will remain a distance that will be equal to or exceed the width of the ladder construction as shown in the photo. Then its use will be comfortable. The location of the stairs to the second floor will also be convenient, when the hole will lie along the beams themselves.

Strictly follow the building codes that define the basic parameters of a safe and durable product:

• its width should not exceed 600 mm, if the design allows you to be in the same room;
• if you can get into several rooms along it, then it should be wider than 800 mm;
• it is worth choosing such a length of the hole for the stairs so that a space of at least 2 m is formed between the ceiling and the upper step;
• for ease of operation of the structure, it should have a fairly spacious clearance.

The type of construction determines the parameters of the opening. Keep in mind that a straight staircase will require significantly more space than other staircase options.

Device

Once you decide on the dimensions of the stairway, add another 50 mm to its parameters. This is necessary for further implementation finishing works. Now you can get to work:

1. Remove part of the floor. In addition, it will be necessary to dismantle part of the ceiling of the floor from below. However, there is no need to rush to throw away the remnants of materials - you may need them to finish the structure;
2. Arrangement of the opening future design involves the removal of part of the beams, and then their connection with the rest of the beam elements. Beams located across the hole must match the characteristics of the main beams. The structure is fastened with squares along the length of the sides of the stairwell;
3. The ceiling of the floor below will need to be drawn. Do not forget to add a few more centimeters to each of its parameters. This is necessary for the implementation of future finishing;
4. Then fix the reinforcing beams on each side of the opening and outside the narrow sides of the future opening;
5. Install the support beams on the jack stands no closer than 50 cm from the reinforcing ones;
6. Make holes in each of the corners of the outlined plan;
7. Next, move on to cutting the stairwell. Having risen to the second floor, identify the holes that were previously drilled. And from each of them draw a line, 100 mm in size, as shown in the photo. A hole for the cross beams will pass along this line;
8. Having made cuts in these places, also make cuts parallel to the boards of the floor surface;
9. Remove sawn parts;
10. From the pieces obtained, double transverse beams are made. They will make the opening of the structure much stronger and more reliable. This will significantly increase the life of the structure and significantly protect it;
11. Fix the edge of the cross beam and the sawn part together, and then connect the brackets and the longitudinal beams;
12. Fix the brackets at the joints between the sawn and cross beams, and attach the latter to the ends of the sawn beams;
13. Following this building technology, another beam is being installed, lying across the opening of the structure;
14. In the case when the product borders on the wall, fix one edge of the transverse beams directly into the wall. Using special Building tools, holes are cut out on the wall surface for the subsequent installation of the ends of the double transverse beams.